Bell Ringer
 What is a country?
 What is a nation?
Country
 In order for a “country” to be a “country”” it must
Have internationally recognized boundaries
 Have a government
 Have sovereignty (no other State can have power over it)
 Be recognized as a country by other countries


Is England a country?
Nations
 Culturally homogenous groups of people who share
Language
 Historical experiences
 Religions
 culture

Can nations exist without states?
 Is the United States a nation?

Who cares?
 This is important!
 Major cause of WWI will be nationalism
WWI
MAIN CAUSES
MAIN causes of WWI
 Militarism
 Alliances
 Imperialism
 Nationalism
Nationalism
 A strong feeling of pride
in and devotion to one’s
country.
 How is nationalism
positive?
 How is it negative?
Origins of Nationalism
 Where have we seen nationalism before?
Rome
 100 Years War
 Napoleon

Causes
 Group formation

Why is this necessary?
 The need for protection

Where have we seen this?
 Industrial Revolution

How?
Quick Review: The Congress of Vienna
A quick summary of stuff we skipped
 More awesome facial
hair!
 Otto von Bismarck
Unifies Germany for
the first time
 Germany will become
major European power


What else do you
notice about the
image?
Italian Unification
 Mazzini-Italian nationalist
who called for unification
 Cavour

Politician who helped gain
independence to Italian
speaking areas
 Garibaldi

Fought outside forces to
further gain independence
Nationalism and WWI
 Why was Nationalism a
problem?


Aggressive
nationalism
Rebellions among
minorities

Balkans
Bell Ringer
 What does the word
imperialism mean?
 What are some countries
that have been
imperialistic
 For homework due Friday
December 7th, Read all of
Chapter 27 and answer
questions 11-21 and 28-33
on pages 698-699
New Imperialism
Main Ideas
 In the late 1800’s industrial nations of the West
engaged in imperialism and dominated much of the
world.
 By the end of the 1800’s the imperialist powers of
Europe claimed control over most of Africa and Asia
Imperialism
 Definition: the control of
one people by another

Can be political, economic,
or cultural
 1800 Europe controls 7%
of world territory
 1914- 84%
Differences Between Imperialism
Old Imperialism
 Usually did not acquire
territory
What did they do instead?
 Exception?

 Primary goal?

New Imperialism
 Direct conquest of
lands

Where will this occur?
 Primary goal?

Raw materials
Trade
 Consequences?

Haves and Have nots
Causes
 National Competition
 Economics
 White Mans Burden
 Technological Superiority
White Man’s Burden
 racist patronizing that
preached that the
“superior” Westerners
had an obligation to
bring their culture to
“uncivilized” peoples
in other parts of the
world
What are some issues
with this definition?
 Origins?
 Effects?
 How will this impact
imperialism

Scramble for Africa
 By 1914, all of Africa will
be controlled by
Europeans except for
Liberia and Ethiopia
 Major Players
Belgium
 Britain
 Germany
 France
 Spain

 Rules
You must control the
territory
 Slavery not allowed

 Effects?
Africa, pre-1880
 Africa Pre-1880
Africa during the age
of the New
Imperialism
India
The “Jewel in the Crown”
Britain in India
 British East India Company
 Trading posts (1600)
 Controls India after the fall of the Moghal Empire (1757)
India
 Over 300,000,000 people
 80% of the British Empire’s subjects
 Cash crops: cotton and opium
Asian Imperialism Video
 Pay Special attention to the ways that virtually all of
Asia was conquered
Militarism, Alliances, and the
Spark
HOMEWORK DUE MONDAY. TELL YOUR
FRIENDS.
Main Ideas
 The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
sparked WWI
 Modern weapons resulted in huge numbers of
casualties and led to a stalemate
Militarism
 Definition: Glorification
of the military
 Why was there a need to
develop larger armies
during this time period?
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
[Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s.
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94
130
154
268
289
1910-1914 Increase
in Defense
Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
398
Alliances
 Definition: Agreements
between countries to
look out for each other’s
well being

Can be political, economic,
and military based
 What potential issues
can you see from this
figure?
Relationships between MAIN Causes
 Nationalism Imperialism  Militarism Alliances
 Why is this an accurate representation?
 In what ways can this be challenged?
The Spark
Assassination of Austria Hungary’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Origins
 Where did problems in the Balkans originate from?
Origins of Problems in the Balkans
 Pan-Slavism

Attempt to unite all Slavic people. Big source of nationalism.
 Serbian Nationalism

Many Serb’s were under the rule of Austria-Hungary, and they
wanted independence.
 Imperialism

First by the Ottomans, then by Austria-Hungary
War Begins
Alliances at Beginnings of War
Allied Powers
Central Powers
 Russia
 Germany
 Great Britain
 Austria-Hungary
 France
 Ottoman Empire
 Eventually the U.S.
An “Industrial War”
 What do you think was different about this war than
other wars that had been fought before?
New War Tactics
 Trench Warfare
Why was this necessary?
 No Man’s Land
 Consequences?

 Poison Gas
 Airplanes
 Submarines
Total War
 Definition: Channeling of
a nation’s entire
resources into a war
effort
 “The Draft” –




Conscription
Propaganda
Food rationing
Supply rationing
Role of Women
WWI Propaganda
Women and the War Effort
Financing the War
For Recruitment
Munitions Workers
French Women Factory
Workers
German Women Factory Workers
Working in the Fields
A Woman Ambulance Driver
Red Cross Nurses
Women in the Army Auxiliary
Russian Women Soldiers
Spies
 “Mata Hari”
 Real Name:
Margareetha
Geertruide
Zelle
 German Spy!
Bell Ringer
 What are the causes of WWI
 TEST FRIDAY ON F.R. NAPOLEON INDUSTRIAL
Revolution AND WWI
 HW: Due Friday Read Chapter 28 Notes on
Sections 3 and 4 due Friday
End of the War
Main Ideas
 The entrance of the U.S. into the war sparked the
allies to victory
 The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to WWI
Sinking of the Lusitania
Zimmermann Note
 Instructions: Read the following document to answer
these two questions:
 What does the Zimmermann note tell Mexico to do?
 Would you agree to the request if you were Mexico?
Why or why not.
U.S. Involvement
 End of isolationism
 “To make the world safe for democracy”
 Fourteen Points
 President Wilsons plan for peace in Europe
True World War
 Japan seized German colonies in China
 Britain and France attacked German colonies in
Africa
 British and French armies fought in the Middle East

Arabs fought against Ottomans
The Armenian Genocide
 Over a million
Armenians
systematically killed by
the Ottoman Turks
 Continues to be a
controversial issue
End of the War
 Germany
 Civilian government vs. military
 Austria-Hungary
 Ethnic minorities
 November 11, 1918
The Treaty of Versailles
Stipulations of the Treaty
Germany military reduced
Rhineland permanently demilitarized
1.
2.
Occupied for 15 years
•
Reparations
3.
1.
2.
Germany forfeits all colonies
4.
Mandates
•
5.
Payments by the losers for war damage
$30 billion
Article 231: The War Guilt Clause
1.
Germany assumes full blame for the war
1.
Problems? Is this okay?
Implications of the Treaty
Self Determination for some…
1.
Colonies were redistributed
New countries in Central Europe and in the Balkans
•
•
Germany humiliated
2.
Diktat
The “Stab in the Back”
•
•
3.
No foundation for lasting peace
1.
League of Nations
1.
1.
4.
European collection of countries whose goal was to prevent war in
the future
Failed to work
New Map