September 16, 2014
 Collect Cover/Thank You Letters
 Advancing Vocabulary – Unit 1: Chapter 1
 Justice
 Los Angeles Article – Give Back/Discuss
Annotation
 In Cold Blood
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Introduction – NOTES
Literary Devices
Anticipation Guide
Read Part 1 – “The Last to See Them Alive” (Pgs 1-1.5)
 Homework: Correct Los Angeles Article
annotations and questions.
UNIT ONE: CHAPTER 1
• detriment
• optimum
• dexterous
• ostentatious
• discretion
• scrupulous
• facetious
• sensory
• gregarious
• vicarious
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 detriment
– noun
• Loni’s purple hair may be a detriment when she goes for a job
interview.
• Smoking is a detriment to your health. It’s estimated that each cigarette
you smoke will shorten your life by one and a half minutes.
Detriment means
A. an aid.
B. a discovery.
C. a disadvantage.
From French de - "away" and terere - "wear away." For
example, smoking wears out your lungs.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 detriment
– noun
• Loni’s purple hair may be a detriment when she goes for a job
interview.
• Smoking is a detriment to your health. It’s estimated that each cigarette
you smoke will shorten your life by one and a half minutes.
Detriment means
A. an aid.
B. a discovery.
C. a disadvantage.
Unless the interviewer likes purple hair, Loni’s purple hair could be
a disadvantage in a job interview. If each cigarette shortens your
life, smoking is a disadvantage to one’s health.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 dexterous
– adjective
• The juggler was so dexterous that he managed to keep five balls in
motion at once.
• Although he has arthritis in his hands, Phil is very dexterous. For
example, he builds detailed model airplanes.
Dexterous means
A. skilled.
B. educated.
C. awkward.
Two dexterous jugglers
From Latin, means right.
Right has been associated
with "good" and left
associated with "bad".
Sinister is Latin for "left".
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 dexterous
– adjective
• The juggler was so dexterous that he managed to keep five balls in
motion at once.
• Although he has arthritis in his hands, Phil is very dexterous. For
example, he builds detailed model airplanes.
Dexterous means
A. skilled.
B. educated.
C. awkward.
Two dexterous jugglers
A juggler who can keep five balls
in motion at once must be skilled.
Someone who builds detailed
model airplanes would have to be
skilled with his hands.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 discretion
– noun
• Ali wasn’t using much discretion when he passed a police car at eighty
miles an hour.
• Small children haven’t yet developed discretion. They ask embarrassing
questions like “When will you be dead, Grandpa?”
Discretion means
A. skill.
B. good sense.
C. courage.
From French and Latin, means "power to make
distinctions"
Dis means "apart" and cret means "belief"
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 discretion
– noun
• Ali wasn’t using much discretion when he passed a police car at eighty
miles an hour.
• Small children haven’t yet developed discretion. They ask embarrassing
questions like “When will you be dead, Grandpa?”
Discretion means
A. skill.
B. good sense.
C. courage.
Passing a police car at eighty miles an hour is not using good sense.
Asking Grandpa when he will be dead suggests that small children
have not yet developed good sense.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 facetious
– adjective
• Dr. Segura has a facetious sign on his office door: “I’d like to help you
out. Which way did you come in?”
• My boss always says, “You don’t have to be crazy to work here, but it
helps.” I hope she’s just being facetious.
Facetious means
A. serious.
B. dishonest.
C. funny.
From French, meaning "joke"
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 facetious
– adjective
• Dr. Segura has a facetious sign on his office door: “I’d like to help you
out. Which way did you come in?”
• My boss always says, “You don’t have to be crazy to work here, but it
helps.” I hope she’s just being facetious.
Facetious means
A. serious.
B. dishonest.
C. funny.
Dr. Segura’s sign and the boss’s statement both are playfully funny.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 gregarious
– adjective
• Melissa is so gregarious that she wants to be with other people even
when she’s studying.
• My gregarious brother loves parties, but my shy sister prefers to be
alone.
Gregarious means
A. attractive.
B. outgoing.
C. humorous.
From Latin, greg means "flock" or "herd"
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 gregarious
– adjective
• Melissa is so gregarious that she wants to be with other people even
when she’s studying.
• My gregarious brother loves parties, but my shy sister prefers to be
alone.
Gregarious means
A. attractive.
B. outgoing.
C. humorous.
Since Melissa wants to be with other people even when she is
studying, she must be outgoing. In the second item, the antonym
clue shy tells you that gregarious means “outgoing.”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 optimum
– adjective
• The road was so icy that the optimum driving speed was only about ten
miles an hour.
• For the weary traveler, optimum hotel accommodations include a quiet
room, a comfortable bed, and efficient room service.
Optimum means
A. ideal.
B. hopeful.
C. questionable.
From Latin, optimus means "best"
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 optimum
– adjective
• The road was so icy that the optimum driving speed was only about ten
miles an hour.
• For the weary traveler, optimum hotel accommodations include a quiet
room, a comfortable bed, and efficient room service.
Optimum means
A. ideal.
B. hopeful.
C. questionable.
Since the road was very icy, ten miles an hour was the ideal driving
speed. A quiet room, a comfortable bed, and efficient room service
would be ideal hotel accommodations for a weary traveler.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 ostentatious
– adjective
• My show-off aunt has some ostentatious jewelry, such as a gold
bracelet that’s so heavy she can hardly lift her arm.
• The lobby of that hotel is ostentatious, with fancy furniture, thick rugs,
and tall flower arrangements. The guest rooms upstairs, however, are
extremely plain.
Ostentatious means
A. humble.
B. showy.
C. clean.
An ostentatious wristwatch
From Latin means to
"show“ or "display"
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 ostentatious
– adjective
• My show-off aunt has some ostentatious jewelry, such as a gold
bracelet that’s so heavy she can hardly lift her arm.
• The lobby of that hotel is ostentatious, with fancy furniture, thick rugs,
and tall flower arrangements. The guest rooms upstairs, however, are
extremely plain.
Ostentatious means
A. humble.
B. showy.
C. clean.
An ostentatious wristwatch
A show-off would wear jewelry that
is showy. In the second item, the
antonym clue extremely plain
suggest that ostentatious means
“showy.”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 scrupulous
– adjective
• The judge was scrupulous about never accepting a bribe or allowing a
personal threat to influence his decisions.
• The senator promised to run a scrupulous campaign, but her ads were
filled with lies about her opponent’s personal life.
Scrupulous means
A. ethical.
B. economical.
C. unjust.
From Latin means "stones in shoes". In
uncomfortable situations, makes you think about
doing the right thing.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 scrupulous
– adjective
• The judge was scrupulous about never accepting a bribe or allowing a
personal threat to influence his decisions.
• The senator promised to run a scrupulous campaign, but her ads were
filled with lies about her opponent’s personal life.
Scrupulous means
A. ethical.
B. economical.
C. unjust.
A judge who never accepts a bribe and isn’t influenced by personal
threats must be an ethical judge. In the second item, the senator’s
lies about her opponent indicate she did not run an ethical
campaign.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 sensory
– adjective
• Because our sensory experiences are interrelated, what we taste is
greatly influenced by what we smell.
• A person in a flotation tank has almost no sensory stimulation. The tank
is dark and soundproof, and the person floats in water at body
temperature, unable to see or hear and scarcely able to feel anything.
Sensory means
A. of the senses.
B. social.
C. intellectual.
From Latin, sens means "to feel" but can apply to
any of the senses.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 sensory
– adjective
• Because our sensory experiences are interrelated, what we taste is
greatly influenced by what we smell.
• A person in a flotation tank has almost no sensory stimulation. The tank
is dark and soundproof, and the person floats in water at body
temperature, unable to see or hear and scarcely able to feel anything.
Sensory means
A. of the senses.
B. social.
C. intellectual.
The words taste and smell suggest that sensory means “of the
senses.” In the second item, since the person is unable to see, hear,
or feel anything, he or she has almost no stimulation of the senses.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 vicarious
– adjective
• I don’t like to take risks myself, but I love the vicarious thrill of
watching death-defying adventures in a movie.
• If you can’t afford to travel, watching videos and visiting tourist
websites can give you the vicarious experience of traveling in foreign
countries.
Vicarious means
A. thorough.
B. indirect.
C. skillful.
From Latin, vic means "to change" or "to substitute"
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 vicarious
– adjective
• I don’t like to take risks myself, but I love the vicarious thrill of
watching death-defying adventures in a movie.
• If you can’t afford to travel, watching videos and visiting tourist
websites can give you the vicarious experience of traveling in foreign
countries.
Vicarious means
A. thorough.
B. indirect.
C. skillful.
Watching death-defying adventures in a movie is an indirect way to
experience a thrill. Watching videos and visiting tourist websites
are indirect ways of traveling in foreign countries.
 By the end of this unit, students will be able to
develop and apply their definition of JUSTICE.
They will also be able to assess their
understanding of justice and compare and
contrast
 Justice is a concept of moral rightnessbased ethics, rationality, law, religion, equity
and fairness.
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Born in New Orleans, September 30, 1924
He was an only child. His parents were divorced when he was
four.
Capote’s mother went to New York, leaving Truman behind with
the Faulk family in Alabama. Ten years later she sent for Truman.
He was often left alone in a locked hotel room by his mother,
who was unhappy, insecure, and who eventually committed
suicide when Truman was 29.
All his life, Capote felt that he was unloved and abandoned by
his mother.
Capote was a very lonely boy as a youngster, always feeling
different from others.
His only friends as a youth: a group of black children who lived
in his town, Harper Lee, the author of To Kill A Mockingbird, and
Miss Sook Faulk, an elderly cousin, who spent much time with
him.
 In high school, Truman was befriended by an English teacher
who encouraged him to write.
 He started sending in stories for publication when he was 15
years old.
 He eventually went to work for the New Yorker Magazine,
working in the Accounting and Art Departments.
 Then he started writing a column called: “The Talk of the Town.”
 When he was seventeen, he published his first stories.
 At nineteen, he won the O’Henry Prize for the short story,
“Miriam.”
 He worked at the New Yorker for two years, and then set out on
his own as a free-lancer.
 He then left for New Orleans to live and write.
 He published Other Voices, Other Rooms, his first novel, at age
24.
 He achieved overnight success and was a celebrity.
 Throughout the 50’s, he published other highly regarded works:
The Muses Are Heard, and Breakfast at Tiffany’s.
 Then in 1959, he decided he wanted to expand journalistic
reporting into something more meaningful, to create a work
which combined journalism and fiction.
 One evening in November, 1959, as Truman was reading the New
York Times, he noticed a headline: “Wealthy Farmer, 3 of Family
Slain.”
 He read the story which briefly stated that Herbert Clutter, a wheat
and cattle rancher, his wife and their teenaged son and daughter
had been killed in their home in Holcomb, a suburb of Garden City,
Kansas.
 Soon after reading the account, Capote decided that the story of
the crime was what he had been searching for, a subject that would
enable him to write a book which would endure.
Characters
 Alvin Dewey – Chief Investigator in the
Clutter Case. Member of the Kansas Bureau of
Investigation.
 He was “real fond of Herb and Bonnie
Clutter.” He told Capote: “I’ve seen some bad
things, I sure as hell have, but nothing as
vicious as this.”
 With no solid clues to go on, Dewey became
so distraught and obsessed by the nearly
clueless crime, which went unsolved for six
weeks, that he later suffered a heart attack.
 A prosperous owner of the River Valley
Farm; 48 years old in 1959.
 His farm included a 60 thousand dollar
house he designed himself, surrounded by
800 acres of wheat, milo and grass seed,
plus 3000 rented acres.
 He was one of the most respected wheat
growers in all of Kansas.
 He was on President Eisenhower’s Federal
Farm Credit Bureau during the 50’s.
 Bonnie, his wife, once said about him: “he
was handsome, he was pious, he was
strong-willed.”
 Herb’s wife.
 Bonnie had for years suffered from spells
of melancholia and seizures of grief.
 She tended to stay in her married
daughter’s bedroom by herself all day,
and was heard crying quite often behind
the closed door.
 She had been married to Herb 25 years
when she was murdered.
 Once she said: “Mr. Clutter travels a great
deal. Oh, he’s always headed
somewhere… sometimes it seems like
he’s never home…”
 Herb and Bonnie’s 16 year old daughter.
 A friend of hers said she “always made
people feel good about themselves.”
 She was a straight-A student, class
president, a leader in the 4-H program and
the Young Methodists League.
 She was a skilled rider, an excellent
musician…”an annual winner at the county
fair.”
 She kept a diary in varying handwriting
styles, and worried, “Which is me?”
 Herb and Bonnie’s 15 year old son.
 He was a source of great pride to his
father, who said, “right now he kind of
leans toward being an engineer, or a
scientist, but you can’t tell me my boy’s
not a born rancher.”
 He was not much interested in social
life, and “could not conceive of ever
wanting to waste an hour on any girl
that might be spent with guns, horses,
tools, …even a book.”
 They met in prison.
 Dick was the son of an upright but poor farm couple
in Olathe, Kansas.
 He earned A’s in several high school subjects, along
with letters for baseball, basketball, and football.
 Hickock’s face, Capote wrote, “seemed composed of
mismatching parts…as though his head had been
halved like an apple, then put together a fraction off
center…the eyes not only situated at uneven levels
but of uneven size, the left eye being truly serpentine
with a venomous, sickly-blue squint
that…seemed…to warn of bitter sediment at the
bottom of his nature.”
 Perry Smith, the one who pulled the trigger, had a
“changeling’s face, and mirror-guided experiments
had taught him how to look now ominous, now
impish, now soulful; a tilt of the head, a twist of the
lips, and the corrupt gypsy became the gentle
romantic.
 He strutted “on stunted legs that seemed
grotesquely inadequate to the grown-up bulk they
supported.”
 He appeared “not like a well-built truck driver but
like a retired jockey, overblown and muscle-bound.”
 Both killers were heavily tattooed.
 There are 4 parts or sections; each is titled.
 Part One – “The Last to See Them Alive”
 Includes descriptions of what the Clutters did on their
last day alive, and the slow approach of the killers as
they travel the 400 miles to River Valley Farm
 Part Two – “Persons Unknown”
 The investigation begins, the Clutters are buried, and
the killers flee to Mexico
 Part Three – “Answer”
 The killers are pursued and finally captured; Perry
describes what happened in the house that night.
 Part Four – “The Corner”
 Includes descriptions of the trial of the killers,
testimonies, legal skirmishes, psychiatric testing;
Capote also describes the crimes of some of the other
killers on Death Row, and then finally, the executions of
the two killers.
In Cold Blood
 Mostly, the narrator is Capote - Third Person
Omniscient
 He is more sophisticated than any of the
characters and seems to know more about what
the different characters are doing (and what
their motivations are) leading up to the murders.
This type of narration is very voyeuristic in
nature.
 However, at some points the narrator
switches to First Person accounts of the
murders.
 Theme is the general idea or insight about
life that a writer wishes to express. All of the
elements of literary terms contribute to
theme. A simple theme can often be stated in
a single sentence.
 In Cold Blood THEMES
 the perversion of the American Dream
 the dynamics of family life
 the influence of socio-economic status
 Foreshadowing is a literary device in which a writer gives
an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.
 Foreshadowing often appears at the beginning of a story
or a chapter and helps the reader develop expectations
about the coming events in a story. There are various
ways of creating a foreshadowing. A writer may use
dialogues of characters to hint at what may occur in
future. In addition, any event or action in the story may
throw a hint to the readers about future events or action.
Even a title of a work or a chapter title can act as a clue
that suggests what is going to happen. Foreshadowing in
fiction creates an atmosphere of suspense in a story so
that the readers are interested to know more.
 This is the writer's attitude toward the
material and/or readers. It may be
playful, formal, intimate, angry, serious,
ironic, outraged, baffled, tender, serene,
depressed, etc.
The atmosphere that pervades a
literary work with the intention of
evoking a certain emotion or feeling
from the audience. In drama, mood
may be created by sets and music as
well as words; in poetry and prose,
mood may be created by a
combination of such elements as
SETTING, VOICE, TONE and THEME.
The moods evoked by the more
popular short stories of Edgar Allen
Poe, for example, tend to be gloomy,
horrific, and desperate.
 Denotation refers to the literal
meaning of a word, the "dictionary
definition."¨ For example, if you look
up the word snake in a dictionary,
you will discover that one of its
denotative meanings is "any of
numerous scaly, legless, sometimes
venomous reptiles having a long,
tapering, cylindrical body and found
in most tropical and temperate
regions."
 Connotation, on the other hand,
refers to the associations that are
connected to a certain word or the
emotional suggestions related to
that word. The connotative
meanings of a word exist together
with the denotative meanings. The
connotations for the word snake
could include evil or danger.
 Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the
personality of a character. Characterization is revealed through direct
characterization and indirect characterization.
 Direct Characterization tells the audience what the personality of the
character is.
 Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both well-mannered and did not
disobey their mother.”
 Explanation: The author is directly telling the audience the personality of these two
children. The boy is “patient” and the girl is “quiet.”
 Indirect Characterization shows things that reveal the personality of a
character. There are five different methods of indirect characterization
(STEAL):
 Speech - What does the character say? How does the character speak?
 Thoughts - What is revealed through the character’s private thoughts and feelings?
 Effect on others toward the character - What is revealed through the character’s
effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the
character?
 Actions - What does the character do? How does the character behave?
 Looks - What does the character look like? How does the character dress?
 Use of Verisimilitude, Factual, Detached
 Verisimilitude: It Sounds Like He Was There
 Verisimilitude is a literary tool used to make a story, even if it is
real, seem more real. Your grandfather used it when he talked
about walking a mile in the snow to school every day and then
added "past Abe Lincoln's house." Well, he might not have
walked to school in the snow, but Abe Lincoln was real, so that
added a ring of truth to the story. (This was before you learned
that Abe Lincoln did not, in fact, live in Vermont.)
 Epigraphs are like little appetizers to the great entrée of a story.
They illuminate important aspects of the story, and they get us
headed in the right direction.
 Men my brothers who live after us,
have your hearts not hardened against us.
For, if on poor us you take pity,
God will sooner show you mercy.
—Francois Villon, "The Ballad of the Hanged Men"
 This is a version of the translation from the French of the epigraph
that Capote chose for In Cold Blood.
 So, what could a section from a poem entitled "The Ballad of the
Hanged Men" have to do with a novel entitled In Cold Blood? Hmm.
Pages 2-8 – We will read the first two sections of Part I:
“The Last to See Them Alive.” You will need to read and
annotate the selection and answer the questions on the
worksheet.