Science in Radstock lecture tonight
U3A Psychology
April 2016
Are you an extrovert?
Which one are you?
Extroversion/ introversion is just one aspect of personality
What is personality?
?
Write down a sentence ,
or a few words that you
think describe
personality.
What is personality?
Personality: a definition
Personality is the more or
less stable and enduring
organisation of a person’s
character, temperament,
intellect and physique,
which determines his
unique adjustment to the
environment.
Hans Eysenck 1953
The structure of Human
Personality
A Famous extrovert
Quotes about personality
A sensitive person is one who,
Extroverts of equal intelligence as because he has corns himself,
always treads on other people’s
introverts will tend to give more
toes.
answers to suggestions because
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
they are less afraid of making
The Remarkable Rocket
fools of themselves. The
introverts tend to censor
themselves. They have as many
Maybe, come to think about it,
ideas but they tend to keep the
that is the sign of an extrovert.
bad ones to themselves.
In any event, I have always, from
Hans Eysenck Cit D Cohen
the earliest of ages, found it
Psychologists on Psychology
difficult to wander into a
restaurant on my own.
Roger Moore
Are you an extrovert?
This session will cover:
Theories of Personality
Personality testing
The extrovert ideal
The introvert/ extrovert spectrum
Personality
Personality has a
long history, or
rather measuring
it does.
It began in
Ancient Greece
with Hippocrates
(460-377 B.C.),
the father of
modern medicine.
Measuring Personality
Hippocrates was a doctor
In ancient Greece and
discerned four distinct
temperaments in
human emotions:
Sanguine
Choleric
Melancholic
Phlegmatic
Measuring
personality(cont) :Eysenck
In 1952, Hans Eysenck
proposed that personality
comprised two core
dimensions:
Introversion / Extraversion
and
Neuroticism/ Stability.
A third, Psychoticism,
characterised by aggression,
impulsiveness and
egocentricity was added later.
Eysencks’s model of personality
Each of the superfactors Extraversion and Neuroticism is made of up of
lower order factors such as “lively”.
Measuring Personality (cont)
Eysenck’s model
If we compare these two models we can see the similarities
between them.
Measuring personality 1:
Eysenck
Hans Eysenck devised a
questionnaire to test
personality which was called
the Eysenck Personality
Questionnaire (E.P.Q.)
The Eysenck Personality
Questionnaire
A local psychologist, Dr Barry Cripps, has used the EPQ
successfully with specific groups such as the Olympic
Archery Squad and this demonstrated the need to develop
a more specific psychometric instrument to assess
personality in industry settings.
Development of the ECCOS
scale
This led to the newly
developed Eysenck, Cripps
Cook occupational scale.
This has been developed
from The EPQ but
specifically assesses
personality in industry
settings.
The original terminology of
Neuroticism and
Psychoticism have been
changed to tough minded
and tender minded.
Measuring personality 2 Cattell
The work of Cattell resulted
in a complex personality
theory.
His work led to the
development of a
questionnaire designed to
measure personality; the
16PF.
Measuring personality 2 :Cattell
Measuring personality 3:McCrae and
Costa
Over the last 20 years or so, Paul Costa
and Robert McCrae’s research at the
National Institute of Health in the US has
led to the development of a standardised
personality test called the NEO Personality
Inventory.
It is also called the “Big Five” as it has five
constituent components or dimensions.
The Big Five
The Big Five (cont)
Adherents of the Big
Five school of
Personality psychology
define introversion not
in terms of a rich inner
life but as a lack of
qualities such as
assertiveness and
sociability.
Measuring personality 4 :
Kelly’s personal constructs
He viewed personal constructs
as pairs of opposing dimensions
which individuals use to describe
and make sense of the people
and events around them.
Kelly believed that an individual’s
personality was made up of the
construct system used to make
sense of the people and events in
their life.
He devised a method of gaining
access to an individual’s
constructs called the role
construct repertory grid, usually
known simply as the repertory
grid.
h
Personality Quiz
Do you have the personality
of a successful salesperson?
Answer the 4 questions below
to find out.
Mark 1 for strongly disagreeing
through to 7 for strongly
agreeing.
Then add up your scores
1)  I am the life of the party
2)  I talk a lot
3)  I don’t stay in the
background
4)  I talk to a lot of different
people at parties
Answers to Personality Quiz
If you scored 23 or higher ,
then you are an extrovert.
If you scored 14 or lower, you
are likely to be an introvert.
If you scored somewhere in
the middle with 15 to 22 then
you are an ambivert (ie, in
between.)
So do you have the
personality
of a salesman?
Personality of a salesman
You might think that extroverts would make the best
salespeople.
But if so, then you would be wrong.
A 2013 study of call centre workers in the USA found that
ambiverts actually brought in the most money $155 per hour,
as opposed to $125 for extroverts and $120 for introverts.
Ambiverts offer the best of both worlds; like extroverts , they
are assertive and enthusiastic, but are less likely to come
across as overconfident or overexcited, which can put
customers off.
Famous
extrovert
s
What is an extrovert?
According to the essential
word dictionary of AS/ A
level psychology
“ An extrovert is an
individual who is outgoing
and impulsive.”
Cara Flanagan 2000