Slide 1 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Chapter 5
Nomenclature
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide Chapter 5
2 Table of Contents
5.1
5.2
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Naming Compounds
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and
a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only
Nonmetals (Type III)
Naming Binary Compounds: A Review
Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
Naming Acids
Writing Formulas from Names
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.1
3 Naming Compounds
2
___________________________________ ___________________________________ •
Binary Compounds

•
Binary Ionic Compounds

•
___________________________________ Composed of two elements
___________________________________ Metal—nonmetal
Binary Covalent Compounds

___________________________________ Nonmetal—nonmetal
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Slide 4 ___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ •
Binary ionic compounds
contain positive cations
and negative anions.
 Type I compounds
•

___________________________________ ___________________________________ Metal present forms
only one cation.
___________________________________ Type II compounds
•
Metal present can
form 2 or more
cations with
different charges.
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Slide 5 4
___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Common Simple Cations and Anions
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Slide 6 5
___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds
1. The cation is always named first and the anion
second.
2. A simple cation takes its name from the name
of the element.
3. A simple anion is named by taking the first part
of the element name (the root) and adding –ide.
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Slide 7 ___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)
•
Examples:
KCl
___________________________________ Potassium chloride
___________________________________ MgBr2
Magnesium bromide
___________________________________ CaO
Calcium oxide
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Slide 8 7
___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Exercise
___________________________________ What is the name of the compound SrBr2?
___________________________________ a)
b)
c)
d)
strontium bromine
sulfur bromide
strontium dibromide
strontium bromide
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide 9 8
___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
•
•
•
•
Metals in these
compounds can form
more than one type of
positive charge.
Charge on the metal ion
must be specified.
Roman numeral
indicates the charge of
the metal cation.
Transition metal cations
usually require a Roman
numeral.
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9
Slide 10 ___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Common Type II Cations
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide 11 10
___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Rules for Naming Type II Ionic Compounds
1. The cation is always named first and the anion
second.
2. Because the cation can assume more than one
charge, the charge is specified by a Roman
numeral in parentheses.
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Slide 12 11
___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
•
Examples:
CuBr
___________________________________ Copper(I) bromide
___________________________________ FeS
Iron(II) sulfide
___________________________________ PbO2
Lead(IV) oxide
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Slide 13 ___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Exercise
___________________________________ What is the name of the compound CrO2?
___________________________________ a)
b)
c)
d)
chromium oxide
chromium(II) oxide
chromium(IV) oxide
chromium dioxide
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide 14 13
___________________________________ Section 5.2
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
___________________________________ Exercise
___________________________________ What is the correct name of the compound that
results from the most stable ion for sulfur and
the metal ion that contains 24 electrons?
a)
b)
c)
d)
___________________________________ ___________________________________ iron(III) sulfide
chromium(II) sulfide
nickel(III) sulfate
iron(II) sulfide
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___________________________________ Slide Section 5.3
15 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
___________________________________ Rules for Naming Type III Binary Compounds
• Formed between two nonmetals.
1. The first element in the formula is named
first, and the full element name is used.
2. The second element is named as though
it were an anion.
3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers
of atoms present.
4. The prefix mono- is never used for
naming the first element.
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Slide Section 5.3
16 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Prefixes Used to
Indicate Numbers in
Chemical Names
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___________________________________ Slide Section 5.3
17 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
___________________________________ Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)
•
Examples:
CO2
___________________________________ Carbon dioxide
___________________________________ SF6
Sulfur hexafluoride
___________________________________ N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxide
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___________________________________ Slide Section 5.3
18 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
___________________________________ Exercise
___________________________________ What is the name of the compound SeO2?
___________________________________ a)
b)
c)
d)
selenium oxide
selenium dioxide
selenium(II) oxide
selenium(IV) dioxide
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.4
19 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Flow Chart for Naming Binary Compounds
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.5
20 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
19
___________________________________ ___________________________________ •
•
Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed
of several atoms bound together.
They have special names and must be
memorized.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.5
21 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
20
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Names of Common Polyatomic Ions
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.5
22 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
___________________________________ ___________________________________ •
Naming ionic compounds containing
polyatomic ions follows rules similar to those
for binary compounds.
 Ammonium acetate
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___________________________________ Slide Section 5.5
23 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
___________________________________ Examples
NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
___________________________________ Mg(NO3)2
Magnesium nitrate
___________________________________ (NH4)2SO4
Ammonium sulfate
___________________________________ FePO4
Iron(III) phosphate
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.5
24 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
23
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Overall Strategy for Naming Chemical Compounds
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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24
Slide Section 5.5
25 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Exercise
___________________________________ What is the name of the compound KClO3?
___________________________________ a)
b)
c)
d)
potassium
potassium
potassium
potassium
chlorite
chlorate
perchlorate
carbonate
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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___________________________________ Slide Section 5.5
26 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
___________________________________ Exercise
___________________________________ Examine the following table of formulas and names.
Which of the compounds are named correctly?
a)
b)
c)
d)
I, II
I, III, IV
I, IV
I only
Formula
Name
I
P2O5
Diphosphorus pentoxide
II
ClO2
Chlorine oxide
III
PbI4
Lead iodide
IV
CuSO4
Copper(I) sulfate
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Slide Section 5.6
27 Naming Acids
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
26
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Acids
•
•
Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen
that appears first in the formula—HCl.
Molecule with one or more H+ ions attached
to an anion.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.6
28 Naming Acids
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Rules for Naming Acids
•
•
If the anion does not contain oxygen, the
acid is named with the prefix hydro– and the
suffix –ic attached to the root name for the
element.
Examples:
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HCN
Hydrocyanic acid
H2 S
Hydrosulfuric acid
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.6
29 Naming Acids
28
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.6
30 Naming Acids
29
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Rules for Naming Acids
•
If the anion contains oxygen:
 The suffix –ic is added to the root name if
the anion name ends in –ate.
• Examples:
HNO3
Nitric acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
HC2H3O2 Acetic acid
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.6
31 Naming Acids
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Rules for Naming Acids
•
If the anion contains oxygen:
 The suffix –ous is added to the root name
if the anion name ends in –ite.
• Examples:
HNO2
Nitrous acid
H2SO3
Sulfurous acid
Chlorous acid
HClO2
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.6
32 Naming Acids
31
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Some Oxygen-Containing Acids
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.6
33 Naming Acids
32
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Flowchart for Naming Acids
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.6
34 Naming Acids
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Exercise
___________________________________ Which of the following compounds is named
incorrectly?
a) KNO3
b) TiO2
c) Sn(OH)4
d) PBr5
e) H2SO3
___________________________________ potassium nitrate
titanium(II) oxide
tin(IV) hydroxide
phosphorus pentabromide
sulfurous acid
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.7
35 Writing Formulas from Names
34
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Examples
•
•
•
•
•
Sodium hydroxide
 NaOH
Potassium carbonate
 K2CO3
Sulfuric acid
 H2SO4
Dinitrogen pentoxide
 N2O5
Cobalt(III) nitrate
 Co(NO3)3
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide Section 5.7
36 Writing Formulas from Names
35
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Exercise
___________________________________ A compound has the formula XCl3 where X
could represent a metal or nonmetal. What
could the name of this compound be?
___________________________________ ___________________________________ a)
b)
c)
d)
phosphorus trichloride
carbon monochloride
tin(IV) chloride
magnesium chloride
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Return to TOC
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Slide 37 ___________________________________ Section 5.7
Chapter
5 Homework
Writing
Formulas from Names
___________________________________ Homework
___________________________________ • Reading assignment
– Pages 115 through 135
___________________________________ • Homework Problems
– Questions and problems 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21, 25,
27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 39, 43, 45, 47, 49.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Due on
___________________________________ Return to TOC
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37