Bellahouston
Academy
S2 CHEMISTRY
Part 1 – Matter
HOMEWORK
Name
May 2012
S2/S3 CHEMISTRY – Part 1: Matter
HOMEWORK SHEET 1: States of Matter
There are three states of matter:
solid
Heat a solid to its melting point and it will
become a liquid and heat a liquid to its
boiling point and it will become a gas.
gas
liquid
melting
point
boiling
point
1.
Against each of the diagrams below write the name of the state of matter
represented and record two things that describe the arrangement of the particles in
that state.
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2.
The planet Mars has a very thin atmosphere consisting of carbon dioxide,
nitrogen and argon, with trace amounts of oxygen and water. During the Martian
winter the temperature can drop to -133C. Record in the table below the state of
these materials in the Martian atmosphere at that temperature?
Material
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Carbon dioxide
-57 °C
-78 °C
Nitrogen
-210 °C
-196 °C
Argon
-189 °C
-186 °C
Oxygen
-218 °C
-183 °C
0 °C
100 °C
Water
State (solid, liquid or gas?)
S2/S3 CHEMISTRY – Part 1: Matter
HOMEWORK SHEET 2: Elements
Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
Elements
If you heat a piece of bread, or a piece of wood, for long enough you will be left with
a black solid that is called carbon. It is one of the simplest chemicals. It is called an
element. The word “elementary” means “simple”.
Carbon is called an element because it is only made up of carbon atoms – it can’t be
broken down into anything simpler. Copper is another example of an element – it is
made up only of copper atoms.
Each element has a name and a symbol. C is the symbol for carbon and Cu is the
symbol for copper. There are just over 100 different elements and they are listed in a
chart called the Periodic Table.
Around 90 elements have been found in nature. The rest have been made by
scientists.
1. Why is carbon an element?
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2. What name is given to the chart which lists the elements?
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3. How many elements are there?
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4. How many kinds of atom are found in a lump of copper?
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5. Why is water not listed in the Periodic Table of the Elements?
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S2/S3 CHEMISTRY – Part 1: Matter
HOMEWORK SHEET 3: Groups in the Periodic Table
The main vertical columns within the Periodic Table are called groups. These are
numbered 1 to 8 (although the last group is sometimes numbered as Group 0).
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties. The rows are called
periods.
0/8
1
2
The Periodic Table
of the elements
3
4
5
6
7
Consider the table below:
A
B
Carbon (C)
D
C
Lithium (Li)
E
Neon (Ne)
G
F
Magnesium (Mg)
H
Platinum (Pt)
Potassium (K)
Mercury (Hg)
I
Bromine (Br)
Rhodium (Rh)
Which box (or boxes – you must name them all) in the table shows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
an alkali metal?
a halogen?
a noble gas?
a transition metal?
a non-metal?
an element which reacts vigorously with water?
an element which is a very unreactive gas?
three elements in the same period of the periodic table?
an element which has similar chemical properties as chlorine?
a metal element which conducts electricity?
a non-metal element which conducts electricity?
S2/S3 CHEMISTRY – Part 1: Matter
HOMEWORK SHEET 4: Elements and Compounds
Atoms join together to form molecules. In elements all the atoms in the molecule are
the same. In compounds the atoms in the molecule are different. Write beside each
box whether it contains an element, a compound, a mixtures of elements, a mixture
of compounds, or a mixture of elements and compounds:
A
C
E
G
A
C
E
G
B
B
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D
D
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F
F
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H
H
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S2/S3 CHEMISTRY – Part 1: Matter
HOMEWORK SHEET 5: Naming Compounds
Compounds are molecules containing the atoms of different elements joined together
chemically. The name of a compound containing 2 elements only always ends in the
letters -ide. If a compound contains 3 elements, and one of them is oxygen, then its
name usually ends in the letters –ite or -ate.
1.
Name the elements present in the following compounds:
Compound
hydrogen sulphide
Elements Present
zinc nitrate
potassium chloride
barium nitride
magnesium chlorate
calcium bromide
lithium carbonate
sodium nitrite
nitrogen hydride
phosphorus chloride
iron sulphite
2.
Name the compounds that would contain the following elements:
Elements
copper and sulphur
iron and chlorine
potassium and oxygen
potassium, carbon and oxygen
zinc, sulphur and oxygen
oxygen, nitrogen, and lithium
Compound
S2/S3 CHEMISTRY – Part 1: Matter
HOMEWORK SHEET 6: Breaking Compounds
Energy is needed to break a compound into its elements. Using electricity to break
up a compound into its elements is known as electrolysis. Read the following
passage and answer the questions below:
Electrolysis of Common Salt
Common salt is a substance called
sodium chloride. Salt dissolves in
water to form a solution. During
electrolysis (when an electric current
is passed through this solution) a
green gas called chlorine is given off
at the positive electrode and sodium
is formed at the negative electrode.
The sodium then reacts with water in
the solution to give off hydrogen gas
and sodium hydroxide which remains
in solution.
1.
List three compounds mentioned above:
2.
List three elements mentioned above:
+
-
+
-
Cl-
Na+
3.
Explain why electricity needed to form the elements sodium and chlorine from
the compound sodium chloride.
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4.
A reaction which needs energy is called endothermic. A reaction which gives
out energy is called exothermic. Electrolysis is endothermic. If sodium metal is added
to a jar of chlorine then sodium chloride will form. Is this reaction likely to be
endothermic or exothermic?
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S2/S3 CHEMISTRY – Part 1: Matter
HOMEWORK SHEET 7: Solutions and Mixtures
1.
Give the meaning of the following words:
Solute
Solvent
Dilute
Concentrated
Saturated
2.
Sometimes, but not always, when a material is insoluble in water it can be
dissolved in an organic solvent. Suggest an organic solvent you might use to form a
non-aqueous solution with oil based paints.
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3.
Sodium carbonate is an important household chemical because when used
with soap it can stop scum forming. Sodium carbonate is obtained in the United
States from large natural despots which are mined but this raw material (known as
Trona) also contains a lot of sand and soil. Explain below how you could obtain a
pure dry sample of sodium carbonate from Trona. (Hint: sodium carbonate must be
soluble if it is used in washing!) Draw a diagram of the apparatus you would use.
S2/S3 CHEMISTRY – Part 1: Matter
HOMEWORK SHEET 8: Some Analytical Techniques
1. In separating a mixture we must
look for differences between the
materials in the mixture. (For example:
iron is magnetic but sulphur is not, salt
is soluble but sand is not). The same
can be applied to a mixture of liquids.
A mixture of liquids with different
boiling points can be separated by
distillation.
Distillation:
Condenser
Mixture
of
alcohol
& water
Alcohol has a boiling point of 79°C and water, of course, boils at 100°C. What
temperature would you select to remove alcohol from a mixture of alcohol and water
by distillation?
2. A solution can have
several materials
dissolved in it.
Paper chromatography
These can be separated
out using
chromatography
An unknown solution (P) containing several dissolved materials were spotted onto
chromatographic paper with several standard solutions of known materials (A, B, C,
D, and E). The resulting chromatogram is shown below:
some
hours
later
What materials were present in solution P?
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