Sermo in circulis
est liberior.
‫داﺋﺮة‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬
Issue N° 32 – February-April 2013
Journal of the Department of English
Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Letters, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
Editor: Khalid Chaouch.
INSIDE THIS ISSUE
Editorial: Success Has Got a Price …
Pedagogical Page: Introduction to “Ways of Seeing: The Self and the Other
02
in Wyndham Lewis’s Journey into Barbary,” by Mly. Lmustapha Mamaoui’ …
04
06
07
08
08
10
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Pen Circle Prize (2012/2013): List of Awardees …
The Poet’s Corner: ‘Digging’ by Seamus HEANEY …
‘The Novice Poet’ by Rachid ACIM …
‘Goodbye’ by Charaf AGOURAM, Semester 3…
‘The Tenement of Uncle Ali’ by Omar FADIL, Semester 3…
‘When the Blue Bell Rings’ by Ahmed BENAMRANE, Semester 5…
‘Symptoms of a System’ by Kaoutar BEN-JAAFAR Semester 5…
My Pungent Quotations: Thus Spoke Ernest Hemingway …
From African Folklore Literature: ‘The Dog’s Wisdom’ …
Proverbs of the Moment: Nobody is perfect …
My Enigmatic Pen Circles …
20 Clues …
Crosswords N° 32...
⇒ Pen Circle
Sultan Moulay Slimane University
Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Department of English
BP. 524, Beni Mellal, Morocco. Fax: 212 (0) 5 23 48 17 69
Email: [email protected]
Pen Circle is also available at www.flshbm.ma
Départements
L. L. Anglaises
Editorial Board
Mly. Lmustapha MAMAOUI, Mohamed RAKII, Redouan SAÏDI.
Pen Circle n° 32
-2-
EDITORIAL
Success Has Got a Price
The considerable number of creative writing attempts we
have received this year for the participation in Pen Circle Prize
attests to the growing interest in this literary contest and to the
great desire of students to leave a fingerprint of their genius in this
creative domain. This can only be a source of happiness as the aim
of this Journal is to encourage young writers and poets to
experience their talents and to express themselves in a creative
form. Also, the whole event is to be perceived as a complementary
tool to help students write in English as a foreign language.
The process of becoming an accomplished ‘poet’ or ‘storyteller’ might be a long one, but a sweet one too. The sum of efforts
required from a Moroccan person who wants to excell in creative
writing is undoubtedly doubled since the target language – which is
English, in this case – is not only a foreign language but a ‘second
foreign’ one as well. In former times, an Arab poet or rhetorician
needed only some inspiration to become a famous genius. As to
language, it was part of his daily cup of tea. Later on, when the gap
between Standard Arabic and colloquial Arabic began somewhat to
widen, geniuses had to make extra efforts to give a brush to their
poetic and rhetorical language. Now for a person who wants to
write in creative English, the situation is totally different. A
predisposed natural gift should certainly be yoked to a certain
‘standard’ of English proficiency so as to reach a ‘poetic’ or
‘literary’ degree of writing. Most of the structural and grammatical
skills of good writing stand as a basic sine qua non condition
before embarking on such a creative endeavour.
This does not however mean that only ‘good English’ students
have the right to engage in creative writing. The door of creative
attempts should always be wide open to everybody. It is up to
creative persons themselves to decide on the right moment to
produce creative writings and it is up to the audiences to taste and
appreciate.
Efforts are also exacted, to a much greater degree, from the
Moroccan students who want to succeed in their ‘English’ studies,
Pen Circle n° 32
-3since the results of their works are subject to meritocracy only. It is
neither a matter of gambling nor a case of hoping that the sky
would rain grades and marks. Wishes, hopes and prayers will never
serve an empty sheet submitted for an academic exam. If this rule
proves a false one, then there must be some ‘extradiegetic’ human
deficiency somewhere in the process of teaching and evaluating.
The whole universe is governed by cause-and-effect laws that tell
us that every single thing is generated by a prior action or event.
The apparent reality of powerful countries is teaching us a daily
lesson, which is how serious efforts in education, science, and hard
work enable them to lead the world. It is hard work that comes
first, not gratuity and leisure. If some backward countries and
societies think – or are made to think – that it is the opposite, they
will need geological times to understand the logic of history and to
cope with the real problems of the world.
To express this in more academic terms, a student who wants
to get a good grade in a B.A. researchpaper has to make a real
bibliographical research, read a good deal, write a good deal, and
receive genuine guidance from his/her supervisor. A student who
intends to write a good essay to approach or analyze a particular
issue in literature, linguistics or culture, will have to present well
organised ideas in fully developed pargraphs, made up of well built
sentences, with a minimum of structural and grammatical mistakes.
A studet who yearns for a good English proficiency during an oral
test, with the right terminology, will equally need a good deal of
training in oral expression and in English reading. Echoing online
material or parroting texts that have been studied in class will not
serve the cause of the student, since the aim is rather to show how
one can fairly handle English language in a personal style and to
express one’s own ideas more clearly. As it is the case in many
fields, there are mistakes that could be acceptable and others that
are unacceptable on account of their reflecting the student’s
ability/inability to present a work that is as clean and pertinent as
possible.
Khalid Chaouch
.
Pen Circle n° 32
-4-
Pedagogical Page
Introduction to
“Ways of Seeing: The Self and the Other in Wyndham Lewis’s
Journey into Barbary.”
Moulay Lmustapha Mamaoui
Lewis’s travelogue, Journey into Barbary, exhibits so many
features that characterize the colonial discourse, a discourse that
has partly sustained and at the same time responded to the needs of
the Western imperial enterprise. There’s first Lewis’s strong and
open support for the French colonial project in Morocco, a project
implemented, according to him, with great wisdom and humanity
by Marshal Lyautey, and which he viewed as salutary and
rejuvenating for the natives of this rotten and backward country.
And there is also elaborated in the narrative a whole system of
representation characteristic and typical of Western colonial
discourse and which consists of a set of rhetorical processes and
narrative perspectives used for and in the apprehension and
representation of non-Western spaces and peoples. This latter
characteristic remains undoubtedly of paramount importance, for it
provides a comprehensive and coherent framework within which
the West, at least during this colonial period, had chosen to
represent the other, a framework within which Lewis’s account is
to be inscribed. The ways of seeing and the rhetorical strategies
this scheme encompasses obviously take on more importance and
significance in this case of declared sustenance for the French
colonial activity. So beside this principal and fundamental function
of defining and interpreting the other, they perhaps equally serve
as ways of dominating him and of justifying and rationalizing this
domination.1
1
These rhetorical and narrative strategies and perspectives should not be regarded as
mere reductionist means for the implementation of the colonial project.
Pen Circle n° 32
-5In the context of the mapping of cultural difference and of crosscultural representation, the self and the other are immanent and
interrelated; the construction of the one presupposes and brings
about that of the other. And one of the initial but principal ways of
negotiating the relation with the non-Western other was, as this
narrative evidences, through a strategic positioning of the self both
at the narrative and discursive levels. There is an establishment and
confirmation of the subject and of its sovereignty, ones that show
through first at a narrative level. The traveler/narrator is from the
start constituted as source and maker of events; he enjoys the
power of constructing and deconstructing stories and identities,
processes that take place and develop in accordance with the terms
of his own will and purposes. No event other than the ones he spins
and narrates is ever possible. Equally, nothing materializes unless
it comes under his gaze, a gaze that is panoptic but most often
excluding and essentialist. The function of unique narrator and
focalizer secures the traveler this status of centrality and of
subjective sovereignty and command which render everything else
under his control, namely that strange otherness. Foreign peoples,
places and events bear this stamp and are products of his own
making; they are unintelligible, incoherent and insignificant except
within this sketched out frame of his own related story or history.
He enjoys this unchallenged ability to speak while all the other
voices are silenced and muted. As a result of this sovereignty, the
other, the colonial subject (the Moor or the Berber as in Journey
into Barbary), becomes made up, surveyed, muted, and
manipulated, his story told and his identity constructed by the
commanding view and subject...
Dr. Mamaoui’s article is a critical and methodological analysis of the
traveler/narrator’s ‘ways of seeing’ and which include: 1- omniscience, 2.
the traveler’s perspective, 3. the perspective of the eye/I, and 4. the
uniqueness of the author’s perspective.
For more details, see: Moulay Lmustapha Mamaoui, “Ways of Seeing:
The Self and the Other in Wyndham Lewis’s Journey into Barbary.”
Middle Ground 1 (2007): 192-197.
Pen Circle n° 32
-6-
Pen Circle Prize
for Mellali Writers in English
(2012/2013)
List of Awardees
This year we have received more than 25 attempts, a fact
that reflects students’ growing interest in this competition and
their desire to express themselves in creative writing. The
number of winners this year is 4 (two from Semester 5 and
two from Semester 3). The only two attempts from Semester 1
could not land the prize this time. We hope they will be able to
do it next time. So the four winners of Pen Circle Prize for the
current academic year (2012/2013) are:
- Charaf AGOURAM, S3, for his poem “Goodbye” (see pp.
8-9 on this issue.)
- Kaoutar BEN-JAAFAR, S5, for her poem “Symptoms of a
system” (p. 14)
- Omar FADIL, S3, for his short story “The Tenement of
Uncle Ali” (pp. 10-11)
- Ahmed BENAMRANE, S5, for his poem “When the Blue
Bell Rings” (pp. 12-13)
As usual, and for creative reasons, we have reprinted the
contributions as they were submitted (except for some very
few corrections).
Congratulation, winners!
Good Luck to other candidates in the next prize!
Pen Circle n° 32
-7-
The Poet’s Corner
This corner is devoted both to prominent figures in poetry and to ambitious students who dare
to embark on the process of creative writing. Students’ attempts should be sent by email or
presented in legible handwriting, and submitted to a member of Pen Circle Editorial Board.
Digging
Between my finger and my thumb
The squat pen rests; snug as a gun.
Under my window, a clean rasping sound
When the spade sinks into gravelly ground:
My father, digging. I look down
Till his straining rump among the flowerbeds
Bends low, comes up twenty years away
Stooping in rhythm through potato drills
Where he was digging.
The coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaft
Against the inside knee was levered firmly.
He rooted out tall tops, buried the bright edge deep
To scatter new potatoes that we picked,
Leaving their cool hardness in our hands.
By God, the old man could handle a spade.
Just like his old man.
My grandfather cut more turf in a day
Than any other man on Toner’s bog.
Once I carried him milk in a bottle
Corked sloppily with paper. He straightened up
To drink it, then fell to right away
Nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sods
Over his shoulder, going down and down
For the good turf. Digging.
The cold smell of potato mould, the squelch and slap
Of soggy peat, the curt cuts of an edge
Through living roots awaken in my head.
But I’ve no spade to follow men like them.
Between my finger and my thumb
The squat pen rests.
I’ll dig with it.
Seamus HEANEY (born 1939)
Griff Rhys Jones (ed.) The Nation’s Favorite Twentieth Century
Poems. London: BBC Books, 1999.
Pen Circle n° 32
-8-
The Novice Poet
FINALLY, the novice poet
Finished his first volume
He fastened it tightly
Put it within a feathery folder
Then got out from every inky and shaky page
In forage for the publisher
Hardly could he find one
He left in macabre silence with no return.
Rachid ACIM
This poem is taken from Rachid Acim’s collection of poems, A Letter
to the President of the U.S., co-authored with Maria do Céu Pires Costa
(Portugal: Chiado Editora, 2011.) He is also the author of Tunes of My
Guitar (Beni Mellal: Amria Printing House Ltd., 2007).
Pen Circle Prize Winners:
Goodbye
Down in the cave, the cave so low,
Stands the dreamer in a stern bow.
What a glorious one-man show!
Stunning the frightened staring foe.
Whispering and praying in a low whimper,
‘Pray, pray, pray, take me upper!’
But, for some reason, the alien gets deeper!
A thing that he’ll no longer suffer.
... /...
Pen Circle n° 32
-9-
Thus the alien decides to give up,
And the miserable manages to wake up.
In what a darkness he is wrapped up!
And he realises that some weird’s up!
Then, by the corner of his eye,
He beholds a ghost ad both shy
In a frightening deep warning cry
Like that of a soul who’s about to die.
They start to fight like two vampires,
Thirsty for blood like wild fires.
Fircely fighting and tearing, he shines.
And in blood, sweat and tears, he mires.
On the bloody body the sun shines.
On the way up, were climing vines.
On the way up, he wines and dines.
Once up, the alien now suffers and pines
So as you see him in this state now,
Like thay of a dying bird on a bough,
A state does impress and wow,
Then the question is: why and how?
Later, on a fateful clear night,
He beholds a colourful shadow of light,
Seen as a cloud of ghosts in a deep fight,
With a power that subdues any might.
Coming down to right any evil wrong
Whatever mighty it is and strong,
Coming down liek a thundering song
That makes any man lose his tongue.
Coming down upon him from the sky
Is this light with rays that vie.
So he knows that time has come to die,
And his last uttered word is “Goodye.”
Charaf AGOURAM
Semester 3
Pen Circle n° 32
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Pen Circle Prize Winners:
The Tenement of Uncle Ali
It was almost a pretty idea when I took that unpaved path
across the valley of Ait Bougemaz to visit one among those
olden premises along the Valley. These antiquities could
pervade such quaint look and fascinating impression. I was
there and the house was also there. It was alone but
surrounded by the gentle daffodils, and on the right side of
the mansion, there were so many lines of bluebells and there
was also a herd of willow trees and above there existed the
smiling blue sky. The tenement of Uncle Ali in my
countryside had been deeply of so purified and attractive
perspectives and was really one of those olden premises.
As I entered from the main entrance, I got flushed and
couldn't hide my excitement. Afterward, I stayed and started
speculating about my uncle’s perfect design: the land was
bedded down by the great tapestries woven by those cheerful,
patient women; at the right side above a silver table, I found
gorgeous carvings which made the place a thrilling token of
that time; my eyes immediately caught by the brass table
inlaid with ivory in the middle of the mansion. Even if they
were rich, they had been lightening with a lighthouse and
candles.
In a wink of eye through the wooden window, I saw
nothing but there might have been dark cloud moving across
the willow trees, and then I moved to the second floor
wondering how perfectly the masonry put in an artistic order
…/…
Pen Circle n° 32
- 11 -
and design. Since I got in the glorious, radiant walls of the
floor, I ushered to middle of the bedside which was used to
welcoming visitors rendering them toast and tea early
morning. These features made it a place of warmth and calm.
The fired excitement led me to the roof of the tenement
through the wooden stairway. I walked throughout it roaring
over the traditional chimney pot and the skylight. Thereafter,
I got out from the premise and there was a flock of pigeon
singing a sort of bubble of sound. The heart of the mansion
was pulsing softly and gently.
Surprisingly and after a short glimpse, I and the
mansion by my side got surrounded; the wind was blowing
and whistling and the rain of the fall started to toss heavily
those big drops over the tenement and the thunderstorms was
howling and the destiny was to shovel every single of us. Oh!
I stopped looking to the other side where there were a lot of
asleep bodies and scrutinized over the well-reasoned image of
nature; harsh, arbitrary and careless. The agitation
surpassingly grew throughout the tenement, its walls were
getting tattered and every stone started to decay because of
the gloom that pervaded in every square. Oh! The nature
shrugged and uttered that it was the last breath of the
mansion. Then it stared to pull down and I buried my face in
my hands while taking my unpaved path toward the
unknown. All those things happened abruptly and made me
bewildered ever after.
Omar FADIL
3rd Semester
Pen Circle n° 32
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Pen Circle Prize Winners:
When the Blue Bell Rings
(...)
The blue bell rings
Hear it rings
Weaving the stars of the night
Since antiquity
To light my darkened coming days
The moon devoured them
Blackness raped my life
Absorbed the light of hope.
Rising from the ashes
Constructing the dream again
Hiding behind my always smiling face
Masking my tears with fake laughter
My wondering soul asks
No answer, please don’t ask
It is fate who acts.
The blue bell rings
Hear it rings
Darkness drops again
A pale leaf falls
Sadness knocked my doors
Storm clouds are gathering
A dreary weather
Covered the sky
A melancholic sight,
Submerged the light
Shaky candles burn
Morbid songs are being sing
Chasing the shouting wind
A swarm of black crows
Sawn their wings
Turned the blue into black
Alarming cries
Horrible holler
Heard, in the distant hills.
A navy feather
Above my home falls
From the epitaphic ink,
I make it drinks
Looming shadow of the past
Immortal sorrow story
Deprived childhood,
Pen Circle n° 32
- 13 -
Is what I wrote.
The blue bell rings
Hear it rings
There, in the horizon
Dreams sink in the deep
Loomed in the distance
Digging a deep whole
With an eager sword
To save my dreams
To hide them from the blue
A doomed, sullen, grey owl
Over a shabby tree it stood
Gazing at me!
Glances, shrouded in mystery
Suddenly it flies
Declaring declines
With a black sickle
Death is coming,
Words yelled,
Frightening the lines
Things fall apart
The blue bell sings the blues
On the gravestone of dreams, I stood
With bloody tears
Leaving a red tunnel over my cheeks.
The blue bell sings
Hear it sings
Watching the sunset falls
Hearing the silent sigh
Warning the moon is nigh
My shining stars back
The moon went and the sun back.
New day has come
The blues sky cries
While the sun rises
Wiped its tears
Suddenly appears
Numerous colours
Fascinating landscape
Flourishing flowers,
But nothing remains
When the blue bell rings.
Ahmed BENAMRANE, S5
‘Literature and Cultural Studies’ Option
Pen Circle n° 32
- 14 -
Pen Circle Prize Winners:
Symptoms of a system
Starry nights have abandoned earth,
Scattered clouds upon skies gave birth,
No happy hours.
As blur our eyes devours,
A virtue for ourselves we require;
Renew our prayers of deaf ire.
Faith shaken when most in need,
Supplication by the hands of the growing seed.
Life of dark has come to an end
As the twilight and dawn came to bend.
Flames of warmth wavering in the mountain chains,
Like drunk shadows,
Flowing waters through the veins of thirsty plains,
Like mad arrows.
Genesis of another life within infinity,
Roses' breaths whisper to divinity.
A dim light, O life!
Begin!
Kaoutar BEN-JAAFAR
Semester 5.
Pen Circle n° 32
- 15 -
Pungent Quotations
In this column, we present a selection of quotations by prominent figures of art,
literature, politics, history, philosophy, science, etc.
Thus Spoke … Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) began to earn his living at sixteen, as a daylabourer, farm-hand, dishwasher, and waiter. Before the USA entered WWI he
went to France as a volunteer in an American ambulance unit. He later enlisted in
the Italian Arditi, and was badly wounded near the Austrian border. He
afterwards re-entered newspaper work. In Paris, he came to know Ezra Pound
and Gertrude Stein, who profoundly influenced him in forming his characterstic
style. In 1954 he was awarded the Noble Prize for literature for his narrative art.
“A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”
The Old Man and the Sea.
“A serious writer is not to be confounded with a solemn writer. A serious
writer may be a hawk or a buzzard or even a popinjay, but a solemn
writer is always a bloody owl.”
Quoted in Cyril Connolly’s Enemies of Promise.
“I started out very quite and I beat Mr Turgenev. Then I trained hard and
I beat Mr de Maupassant. I’ve fought two draws with Mr Stendhall, and I
think I had an edge in the last one. But nobody’s going to get me in a ring
with Mr Tolstoy unless I’m crazy or I keep getting better.”
Quoted in Lillian Ross’s Portrait of Hemingway.
“Grace under pressure.”
Hemingways’ definition of ‘courage.’
Quoted in J. F. Kennedy’s Profiles of Courage.
“If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man, then
wherever you go for the rest of your life, it stays with you, for Paris is a
moveable feast.”
A Moveable feast. Epigraph.
“All good books are alike in that they are truer than if they had really
happened.”
Quoted in A. Andrew’s Quotations for Speakers and Writers.
Sources:
J. M. Cohen, and M. J. Cohen, The Penguin Dictionary of Modern Quotations.
Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1980.
Ernest Hemingway, To Have and Have Not. Harmondsworth, Middlesex:
Penguin Books, 1957. [Back cover.]
Selected by Khalid Chaouch.
Pen Circle n° 32
- 16 -
A tale typical of African folklore literature:
The Dog’s Wisdom
One day nine dogs went out to hunt. On the path they
met a lion who said that he too was on a hunt, and suggested
that they join forces and hunt together. The dogs agreed,
and they hunted together all day. By nightfall they had
caught ten antelopes. The Lion said, “We must now go and
find some person wise enough to divide this meat among us
in a proper fashion?”
One of the dogs said, “Why is that necessary? This
does not require any special person of great wisdom. Are
we not ten? We have caught ten antelopes, hence a fair
division is that we each take one.”
In an instant the Lion rose, and with his great hand he
struck the bold dog and blinded him.
The other dogs were cowed and impressed. Then one
of them ventured, “No, no, our brother was wrong. That was
not a proper division of the meat. The Lion is King of the
World, and if we leave nine of the antelopes to him, they
will be ten. For us we are nine and if we take an antelope, so
shall we be ten. That is the best division!”
The Lion was pleased and strutted about saying, “You
are not a fool like your brother. Such a very wise dog! How
did you come by this geat wisdom?”
And the dog replied, “When you struck my brother and
blinded him, King Lion.”
Rrichard Edward Dennet, Notes on the Folklore of the Fjort. London:
the Folklore Society, 1967.
Pen Circle n° 32
- 17 -
Proverbs of the Moment
Nobody Is Perfect
™ If you don’t make mistakes, you
don’t make anything.
™ No living man all things can.
™ Homer sometimes nods.
[This is a reference to the Greek poet. The
implication is that even the great have their
limitations.]
™
Any horse may stumble, any sage
may err. [Arab proverb.]
™ Every light has its shadow.
™ He who wants a mule without
fault, must walk on foot.
™ Great wits have short memories.
™ The wisest man may fall.
™ He is lifeless that is faultless.
Pen Circle n° 32
- 18 -
My Enigmatic Pen Circles, N° 32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Find the appropriate words to fill in the vertical square
diagrams (1–11) so that you can find out the letters needed
to fill the horizontal line made up of 14 circles.
The resulting 2 words are the name of
a contemporary female English dramatist.
1- Formal agreements (pl.)
2- A colour
3- Place for public discussion
4- Room under a church
5- Having many hills
6- Fortunate, successful
7- Person who shows peole
where to sit in a church or
public hall
8- Musical woodwind
instrument
9- A theatre play full of
ridiculous situations intended
to make people laugh
10- Full of rocks
11- On the ~ hand
12- Beverage
13- Competition of motor
vehicles over public roads
14- To send out gas from the
stomach noisily through the
mouth.
Clues to My Enigmatic Pen Circles, N° 31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
M
I
F
R
P
L
R
O
R
O
U
S
F
R
T
I
P
A
J
O
R
O
N
O
A
M
C
H
O
M
S
K
Y
O
R
N
T
N
E
A
N
K
Y
E
R
S
T
I
D
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Pen Circle n° 32
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20 Clues, n° 32
.
Looking for Clues among Fauna and Flora Terms!
The 20 clues below are hidden in the terms at the end of each line. To find
them, cross off some of the letters in each term (from left to right.)
Example: - Social rank … CATASTROPHE (The clue is ‘CASTE’. It is
obtained by crossing off the letters ‘TA’ and ‘ROPH’ in ‘CATASTROPHE’)
1. Long strip worn by men around the neck …………….
TIGER
2. A hard-working insect …………………………
ELEPHANT
3. A preposition ….…………..
LION
4. Adult female chicken ………………………………
HYENA
5. A metal device for (un)locking doors, etc. ………
DONKEY
6. Cash ………………………………………….….
MONKEY
7. Famous German river …..…………………
RHINOCEROS
8. Animal like a mouse but larger than it ……………
RABBIT
9. Fully grown castrated bull ……………….....………….
FOX
10. Top part of wheat (or barley) that contains the seeds … BEAR
11. Thin pointed end of something ………………….… TURNIP
12. Coach …..……………………...……………………
BUSH
13. Father ………….………………………………
DAFFODIL
14. String of beads ………………………………
ROSEMARY
15. Desire ………...…………………………………..
WILLOW
16. Celestial body like the sun ……………...……
MUSTARD
17. A confusing network of paths ……………………
MAIZE
18. Without clothing or covering ……………………
BARLEY
19. Definite article ………………….…..……………
THYME
20. To forbid something officially ………………...…......... BEAN
20 Clues to n° 31: 1. fall 2. rib 3. corn 4. go 5. gap 6. pay 7. but 8.
tale 9. lean 10. roar 11. soot 12. go 13. die 14. put 15. hoe 16. dive 17.
cub 18. have 19. arts 20. rug.
Clues to ‘CROSSWORDS’ N° 31
A B C D E F G H I J K L
1 E
2
3 C
4 R
5
6
7 R
8 H
9 Y
10 M
11 E
12 S
X
E
R
O
X
O
I
E
O
O
N
O
M
A
T
O
P
O
E
I
A
R
A
P
E
I
F
C
C
N
T
K
K
E
P
I
T
B
Y
R
O
N
C
G
S
S
O
A
L
O
L
T
A
N
T
A
L
I
S
E
N
O
O
A
D
O
C N
E Y
N
T O
S W
L
N
E
S
T
O
B E R
L A B
M A S S
O M Y
B E
Pen Circle n° 32
- 20 -
CROSSWORDS (N° 32)
1- Using words meaning to show something different from the literal meaning.
2- Prefix meaning ‘former’ – Dead persons that some people think that they
see or feel the presence of, and that they usually find frightening (pl.) –
National Insurance. 3- To move over the sea – Indefinite article. 4- Natural and
not cultivated – Large, strong royal bird. 5- ‘All right!’ – American space
agency – Midday. 6- To perform something and finish it – American Midwest
State, where Mount Rushmore is found – Animal considered as the most
faithful pet. 7- Helped himself – Abbreviation for ‘ARAB’ - Gymnasium. 8Tardy. 9- A number – Showing if a film or play in private before it is shown to
the public. 10- Weapon that fires bullets – 60 minutes – American organisation
that helps people suffering from alcoholism to give up alcoholic drinks. 11Find it in ‘MYTH’ – Another spelling of ‘fjord’ – male possessive pronoun.
12- System of rules that everyone on a country should obey – Formal
statement or promise that you make to tell the truth in a court of law.
A
1 M
2 E
3 T
4 H
5 O
6 D
7 O
8 L
9 O
10 G
11 Y
12
B C
D E F G H I J K L
E
X
A
G
A
I
N
S
T
T
S
W
K
O
N
U
T
S
A
M
E
N
F
L
P
H
I
L
A
D
E
L
P
H
I
A
H
O
L
D
S
A
R
R
O
W
O
S
R
T
E
A
G
A
T
E
R
R
E
V
I
S
L
A
N
D
I
M
D
O
C
A
N
A
L
O
G
Y
G
O
O
G
L
E W
A
H I
A T
L
I
N
E
N
M
N
A
S
H
A- Method of research to be followed in an academic work. B- Prefix meaning
‘former’ – Knockout – Crazy. C- A radio wave – A sweet word said at the end
of prayer. D- Not for – American State of the West famous for its swamplands.
E- American city, home of the Declaration of Independence and the
Constitution. F- He/she carries something in his/her hands – Indian weapon
with a pointed metal. G- Abbreviation for ‘outsize’ – A very hard stone used
for making jewellery. H- Find it in ‘ART’ – Abbreviation for ‘reverend’. IPiece of land completely surrounded by water – I am. J- Internet search engine
founded in 1998 - Hectare. K- A comparison or similarity between two things
– To stay where you are or delay something until something else happens. LA kind of cloth for making tableclothes, napkins, sheets, etc. – 60 seconds –
Grey or black powder that is left after fire has been burning.