Modern Mohegan
Dictionary and
Grammar
Prepared by
Stephanie Fielding
for the
Council of Elders
of the
Mohegan Tribe of
Connecticut Indians
2012
©Fielding/Mohegan Tribe 2012
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar – © S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012
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Pronunciation Guide
Mohegan is not a secret way of speaking English. It is a totally different language with
different sounds (some of which are not familiar), and others that are used differently than they
are in English. To change these sounds to make them more like English takes away from the
beauty and the uniqueness of the language.
The Mohegan language has seven consonants sounds that are the same as the English
pronunciation of the same letters. They are:
h
m
n
q
sh
w
y
We have five letters that are slightly different. They are:
c
k
p
s
t
The Mohegan vowels, among which are two unique characters1, are:
a
á
i
o
ô
u
Among the Mohegan letters that correlate most closely with English, there is an <h>.
The <h> most often appears after a vowel and before a consonant or consonant cluster (two or
more consonants together). In English the natural reaction to this is that the <h> somehow
shapes the preceding vowel. In Mohegan the <h> means the following consonant is
preaspirated. That means you actually pronounce the <h> with the following consonant, giving a
breath from the back of your throat, before the consonant. For example, <hk> is pronounced like
an English ‘k’ yet with a puff of breath immediately before it.
Of the five letters that are pronounced differently than they are in English, the first <c>
will sound almost familiar to you. It is pronounced like <ch> combined with a <j>. Also among
these letters is <s> that, like in English, is sometimes pronounced like a <z>. This change from
<s> to <z> takes place between two vowels, and at the beginning of a word. It sounds like /s/
however, when it comes right after an <h>. The <s> in clusters (<sk>, <sp>, <sq>) can be
pronounced either as /s/ or as /sh/.
The other three letters, like <c> are also a combination of two letters: k = k+g, t = t+d
and p = p+b. If you concentrate when you say these pairs you will see that they are made almost
exactly alike except that, if you put your hand on your throat, <j>, <g>, <d>, and <b> will make
your throat vibrate whereas <ch>, <k>, <t> and <p> don’t. The former are called voiced and the
latter are voicless. There is also a difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds. The
correct Mohegan pronunciation is the unaspirated sound, which is difficult for English speakers
to say. To hear the difference say outloud “skill,” “kill,” and “gill.” The <k> in “skill” is
unaspirated as is the <g> in gill. However, <k> is aspirated in “kill”. If you can’t quite make a
combination or the unaspirated sound, go with the voiced option, <j>, <g>, <d> and <b> at the
beginning of a word and the unvoiced in the middle of a word. The unvoiced option should
always be used after <h> when it is preaspirated.
1
When typing these letters in MSWord go to Insert in the menu bar above, and then Symbol (normal text).
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar – © S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012
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Another new sound for many of us is hearing a <q> at the end of a word. The <q> in
itself is pronounced like <kw>. It is very subtle and the temptation is to leave the <w> sound off
the end, because we are used to having words end in <k>, but not <kw>. Please don’t, just add a
little <w> to the end of your <k>.
The two vowels that have unique characters <á> and <ô> also have unique presentations.
The <á> is very similar to <a> except that it is held a bit longer as the <a> in father. The <ô> is
a nasalized vowel. It is like pronouncing a long <o> in your nose. It sounds very much like the
vowels in the French word for child, “enfant,” and a little like the honk of a goose. When the
<ô> is followed by <t>, <k>, <c> or <q> it sounds as though the <ô> is combining with an <n>
making “ôk” sound like “onk”. When there is a <p> following the <ô>, then the <ô> sounds like
it combines with an <m>. Rejoice, it is easier to pronounce <mp> than <np>.
A rundown of the sounds are as follows:
Consonants
m – as the /m/ in mad or ham
n – as the /n/ in no or run
q – as the /q/ in squint and equip
sh – as the /sh/ in show and wash
w – like the /w/ in how or knowing
y – like the /y/ in yawn or yet
c – (ch+j) similar to the /c/ in cello or the /ti/ in question
at the beginning of a word it sounds more like /j/ in Jerry
h – as the /h/ in ahead, ahoy
/h/ must be pronounced even when it comes before a consonant.
k – (k+g) similar to the /k/ in skill or ski
at the beginning of a word it sounds more like /g/ in give
p – (p+b) similar to the /p/ in spy and spill
at the beginning of a word it sounds more like /b/ in baby
s – as the /s/ in sew and kiss (and sometimes like /s/ in nasal)
at the beginning of a word it sounds more like /s/ in rose
t – (t+d) similar to the /t/ in still or stay
at the beginning of a word it sounds more like /d/ in divide
Vowels
a – as the <o> in pot or rot
á – as the <a> in father
i – as the /ee/ in knee, keep
o – as /oo/ in boot or root or the /u/ in flute and clue
ô – this is a nasalized /o/ similar to the French sound. It comes out as /aun/ in raunchy
before a /t/, /k/, or /q/ and like the /omp/ in pomp before a /p/. Before other letters it just sounds
like it’s pushed through your nose rather than your mouth.
u – like the /u/ in cut or pup
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar – © S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012
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Blends
ay
áy
aw
áw
uw
uy
as /i/ in fight
as /ie/ in pie
as /ou/ in out
as /ou/ in foul
as the /o/ in tomato
as the /uy/ in buy
You will also occasionally find an apostrophe <’> in the middle of a word. The
apostrophe is often to keep two letters apart that might normally be pronounced another way in
English, like kiht’han, ocean, sea. You don’t pronounce this /th/ combination as you would in
<the> or <death>. Usually this means that something has been removed through a normal sound
change leaving two letters together that might be confusing without the apostrophe. A word such
as wuw’i, which is an interjection of sorrow or supplication, has an apostrophe so that the
second /w/ remains with the /u/ making /uw/ which sounds like /oh/. So wuw’i would be
pronounced like <WHOAW-ee> rather than <wu-wee>.
Abbreviations
VTA
VAI
VTI
VII
NA
NI
PART
ADV
PREP
PRON
NI DEP
NA DEP
PREV
PREN
1st
2nd
3rd
ind
imp
conj
sg
pl
you and I
— Verb Transitive Animate
— Verb Animate Intransitive
— Verb Transitive Inanimate
— Verb Intransitive Inanimate
— Noun Animate
— Noun Inanimate
— Particle
— Adverb
— Preposition
— Pronoun
— Noun Inanimate Dependent
— Noun Animate Dependent
— Preverb
— Prenoun
- first person, the speaker
- second person, the one spoken to
- third person, the one spoke about
- independent
- imperative form or command
- conjunct, a dependent clause in a sentence
- singular, only one
- two or more
- we inclusive, the form that includes the speaker and the one spoken to
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar – © S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012
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Mohegan Rules of Grammar
Introduction
To the English-speaking mind, nouns and verbs are higher on the grammar
hierarchy than pronouns. And because of that status, one would naturally talk about
nouns and verbs first. In Mohegan, however, pronouns usually show themselves as the
beginnings (prefixes) and endings (suffixes) of words. There verbs and some nouns are
not complete unless the pronoun prefixes and suffixes are added to the root of the word.
Because of this we are going to discuss pronouns first, then progress to nouns and
verbs. Verbs being the most complex will come after nouns. Prepositions and other
parts of speech, which are necessary but not different in their usage than English, will
be discussed at the end.
Pronouns
Pronouns take the place of nouns in a sentence. The pronouns are identified in relation
to the person who is speaking. The first person is the person speaking. The second person is the
person is the person being spoken to. The third person is another person or thing that the first
and second persons are talking about.
Third person can be a person or an animal. Anything that is animate can be a 3rd person.
When we are referring to the third person there is no sex specified. In Mohegan, ‘he’ and ‘she’
or ‘him’ and ‘her’ are not distinguished — they use the same pronouns, as well as the same
prefixes and suffixes. In Algonquian terms, gender refers to the difference between animate and
inanimate. There are some other things that are animate in Mohegan that an English speaker
would not expect to be animate, like heavenly bodies, but that will be discussed later.
A singular is one person or thing, while the plural is two or more people or things. So in
English the first person singular is ‘I’ and ‘me’. The first person plural is ‘we’ and ‘us’. The
first person plural gets a little more complicated in Mohegan.
In English, if a husband is talking to his wife he might say, ‘We have a house.’
Describing the same situation, he might also say that same sentence, ‘We have a house’ to
someone else. In the first sentence ‘we’ includes the first person and the second person in the
word ‘we’. But when he is talking to someone besides his wife about their house, the word ‘we’
excludes the person he is talking to. In other words the house belongs to the husband and wife
and not to a third party. In Mohegan, ‘we’ distinguishes between the ‘we’ that includes ‘you’
(the inclusive) and the ‘we’ that doesn’t include ‘you’ (the exclusive).
‘We’ is shown in the attachments to the verb ‘have’ or wacôn-, but if emphasis is wanted a
personal pronoun may be added. The Mohegan word for ‘we/us’ that does not include the
person being spoken to is niyawun, while the word for ‘we/us’ if the person being spoken to is
included is kiyawun.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar – © S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012
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In the following examples, ‘we’ is shown in the suffixes and prefixes to the verb ‘have’
or wacon-, but if emphasis is wanted a personal pronoun may be added.
Kiyawun kuwacônômun cáhqin! (Inclusive): We have a house!
Niyawin nuwacônômun cáhqin! (Exclusive): We have a house!
Me, You and Them
The 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons are shown with different attachments to the beginning of a
word (prefix) and the end of a word (suffix). The following table shows the personal pronouns
that stand alone. Please take note: even when they are used, the verb must also show the
appropriate prefixes and suffixes.
Person
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
1st person plural
exclusive
st
1 person plural
inclusive
nd
2 person plural
3rd person plural
Independent Personal Pronouns
Mohegan Pronoun
Translation
I, me
ni
you
ki
he, she, her, him
nákum
we,
us
(me
and them, but not you)
niyawun
kiyawun
we, us (you and I, and 3rd person
included optionally)
kiyaw
nákumôw
you (plural, more than one)
they them
These independent personal pronouns above are used normally as emphasis or
clarification along with the regularly declined verb. When no emphasis is needed the
regularly declined verb will include the prefix and suffix that is needed as the subject
and object. This is explained more fully in the section on verbs.
An odd thing that happens in English is that the word for second person, ‘you,’
is the same when ‘you’ is one person or many people. That is not how it works in
Mohegan. There is a separate word for both the singular and the plural. The personal
pronoun that means a singular ‘you’ is ki and for a plural ‘you’ is kiyaw. This is also
the case when adding prefixes and suffixes to verbs.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar – © S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012
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Myself and Yourself
The reflexive pronouns are used for talking about oneself, as in English
you might say: ‘I see myself’ or ‘they see themselves’.
Objective/ Reflexive Personal Pronouns
Person
Mohegan Pronoun
Translation
st
myself
nahak
1 person singular
yourself
kahak
2nd person singular
herself, himself
wahakáh
3rd person singular
st
ourselves
(excl.)
nahakánônak
1 person plural exclusive
ourselves (incl.)
kahakánônak
1st person plural inclusive
yourselves
kahakáwôwak
2nd person plural
themselves
wahakáwôwah
3rd person plural
indefinite
oneself
mahak
The following are some examples of independent and reflexive or
objective pronouns.
Nunáwô nahak pipinacucôhqôkanuk: I saw him myself in the mirror.
Nutáhsamômun nahakânônak wiyawhs: We’ll feed ourselves meat.
Putam wahakáh wupupiqáwôkuwôwah: He heard himself in their
music.
Who and What?
Questions in English and Mohegan are started usually with words like
‘who’ or ‘what’? In English, ‘who’ usually is talking about people. In
Mohegan the word for ‘who’, awán expands to include animals and all things
animate, but only asks about one at a time; it also means ‘someone’ and
‘anyone’. When you are asking about more than one person or animal, you
have to use the plural form, awánik.
When you are asking about inanimate things you use the word cáqan for
one thing and cáqnash for more than one thing. Please notice that the endings
on these plural pronouns are the same as on nouns. Caqan also means
‘something’ or ‘anything’.
Interrogative/ Indefinite Pronouns
Gender/Number
Mohegan
animate singular
awán
Translation
who?/someone
animate plural
awánik
who? (plural)/some people
inanimate singular
cáqan
what?/something
inanimate plural
cáqansh
what? (plural)/some things
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 1
Awánik ôkutakanak piyôk? : What others are coming?
Awán ni skitôp? : Who is this person?
Cáqansh manotásh mus kutayakunum? : What baskets will you paint?
Another and Others
Ôkutak is the singular form of ‘another’ and could be referring to either an
animate thing such as a person, animal or heavenly body, or an inanimate thing
like ‘a farm,’ ‘a window’ or ‘a stone’. The way you can tell the gender (animate
or inanimate) for many things is to look at the plural form. Ôkutakanak is the
animate form while ôkutakansh is the inanimate form. Please notice that the
stem for this word is ôkutakan-. The -an- at the end disappears in the singular
form, but reappears when the plural suffix is added.
animate singular
ôkutakan- 'other, another'
Mohegan forms
ôkutak
another (animate)
animate plural
ôkutakanak
others (animate)
inanimate singular
ôkutak
another (inanimate)
inanimate plural
ôkutakansh
others (inanimate)
Person
Translation
Ôkutak awáhsos piyô yotay: Here comes another bear.
Misum ôkutak áskot: Give me another pumpkin.
Kumuskam ôkutakansh oyôkowayush yotay: You can find other valleys here.
How many?
Cáhsuw and cáhshi ask how many. They can be used in questions or they can
be used in statements. The top two in the chart are when talking about animate
objects or beings and the bottom two are when talking about inanimate things.
cáhs-/cáhsh-: 'how many/much, so many/much'
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
animate singular
how
much,
so much (animate)
cáhsuw
animate plural
cáhsuwak
how many, so many (animate)
inanimate singular
cáhshi
how much, so much (inanimate)
inanimate plural
cáhshinsh
how many, so many (inanimate)
Cáhsuwak noy’hcak apuwak kupáy: So many deer are in the forest.
Cáhshinsh punitôkansh swukanum? : How many knives can he
throw?
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 2
Cáhshi yák kucôhtam? : How much sand do you want?
This and That
‘This’ and ‘that’, ‘these’ and ‘those’ are called demonstrative pronouns. They
distinguish between what is near and what is farther away. In English we might say ‘this
man’ referring to the man the speaker is standing next to, or the man whose arm the
speaker is touching. ‘That man’ is someone standing away from the speaker. In other
words there is some distance between the speaker and the man.
This is the same in Mohegan. The speaker would say yo in for the man he is
standing next to and na in for the man across the room. Likewise, the speaker would say
yo wisq when touching or holding a bowl. But if the bowl were sitting away from the
speaker on the table, the speaker might point to the bowl and say ni wisq.
You will notice that the word for ‘this’ is yo whether it is referring to something
animate or inanimate. But it is more specific when using ‘that’ with ni referring to the
inanimate and na referring to the animate. It is easy to tell the animacy of a word by the
plural. An animate plural will end with -k and an inanimate plural will end with -sh.
This is also so with the demonstrative pronouns. Please notice that in the plural, the
endings on the pronouns match the endings of the nouns themselves.
Yo yôpôwi t’hkayuw: This morning is cold.
Pôhpohq wici yoh mukacuksak: Let’s play with these boys.
Wahakay numiyô i na in: The nutshell I gave to that man.
Nish pôhpaskôkansh musqáyush: Those balls are red.
The obviative is only used with animate nouns, and the form used is the same
whether it is singular or plural. Look on pages 7 and 23 for a fuller explanation of the
obviative mode.
Nih ayuw Uncas náhtiáh: Those are Uncas’ dogs.
In pakitam yoh piyámáqah: The man threw away this fish.
Gender/Number
animate singular
animate plural
animate obviative
Demonstrative Pronouns
Mohegan forms
yo
yok
yoh
Translation
this
these
this/these
inanimate singular
inanimate plural
yo
yosh
this
these
animate singular
animate plural
na
nik
that
those
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 3
animate obviative
nih
that/those
inanimate singular
inanimate plural
ni
nish
that
those
Nouns
Nouns are people, animals, places, things, actions, qualities, and
concepts. In Mohegan they come in two forms: Animate and Inanimate.
Animate nouns include all people, animals, heavenly bodies (sun, moon, stars,
but not clouds), and spirits (God, ghosts, the souls or spirits of living or dead
people). There are other things that also are considered animate. These things
usually are able to hold water, but this is not always the case. ‘Bowl,’ for
example in Mohegan is wisq and fits the holding of water criteria, but it is
inanimate. Some cultural items and certain plants are unpredictably animate
and this just has to be learned. It’s a mystery.
There are only two sure ways to know if something is animate or
inanimate. One is to see its plural form. As we know there are always
exceptions to rules, but for the most part: the plural of animate nouns end in -k
and the plural of inanimate nouns end in -sh. The other way to know for sure is
to look in the dictionary. There you will see that NA or NI follows nouns. That
stands for Noun Animate or Noun Inanimate respectively.
Being able to distinguish the gender is important for putting the correct
endings on the nouns but it is also very important when finding the proper verb
to go with a noun. There are often two verbs forms with the same meaning
except one is used with an animate noun and one is used with an inanimate
noun. An example would be the word for ‘come’. In the first sentence below
we are using the animate form of the word (he comes) and the second sentence
we are using the inanimate form of the word (it comes).
Kahôk piyô sôwanayo: The goose comes southward.
Mushoy piyômuw sipok: The boat comes on the river.
Animate Nouns
Nouns appear in four forms. In the chart below are the normal forms for
nouns. Singular and plural, as we have talked about, and they also come in
obviative, locative, and absentative, the explanations of which follow the chart.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 4
singular
plural
obviative
locative
Animate Nouns, regular stems
Mohegan forms
Translation
old woman
winay
old women
winayak
old
woman/women
(obviative)
winayah
at the old woman
winayuk
Obviative (Who’s important?)
Third person as it is used here is as it was described earlier: first person
is the speaker (I, me, we), second person is who is being spoken to…the listener
or the reader (you), and the third person is who or what the first person is
speaking about (he or she, animals or other animate beings).
Obviative is a word that was made up particularly for Algonquian
languages, of which Mohegan is one, because this form is not used in most
other languages. Unless you have the Oxford English Dictionary, you probably
won’t find it in your English dictionary.
The obviative form is used when there are two or more animate third
persons (this can be either any number of nouns or a noun and a pronoun) in a
sentence. The opposite of obviative is proximate. The proximate case is the
regular case. The obviative case takes another form with the suffix –ah added.
The obviative is used is when a noun or pronoun is the object of the
verb. The object is the obviative.
Winay takam skokah: The old woman hit the snake.
Another place where obviative is used is if the third person is possessed
by another person.
Aposuwin wusihsah piyô i wuyôkpuwôk: Cook’s uncle came to
dinner.
Locative (Where are they?)
The locative case is another part of the language that is different from
English, but every Indo-European language did at one time have a locative case.
The locative case shows where something is. It is noted with the suffix –uk. It
can be said that the locative suffix takes the place of ‘on,’ ‘at’ and ‘in’.
cáhqin = house
cáhqinash = houses
cáhqinuk = in the house/s
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 5
muks = wolf
wolves
wus = edge
muksak = wolf
muksuk = on the wolf,
wusásh = edges
wusuk = at the edge, edges
Please notice that there is no plural form to go with the obviative and the
locative. The same form is used for singular or plural. The difference is
distinguished from the context. Also notice there is no obviative form for
inanimate forms.
Absentative (They are no longer with us)
When someone has died, an ending is added to his or her name or title to
show that they have passed. If someone has died and left property behind, their
property is noted in the same way.
When those who have passed away are more than one, we use the suffix
–uk.. If the property of the departed is plural (e.g., his boats), the ending is also
–uk. If those who have passed away are more than one and they are obviative,
we use the suffix
–ukah. This is different than for the living in that the living obviative is marked
with just the –ah suffix and expresses either singular or plural.
singular
plural
obviative
obviative, plural
departed’s possession
departed’s possessions,
plural
Absentative
Mohegan forms
nokunsi
nokunsuk
wokunsah
wokunsukah
my late grandfather
my late grandfathers
his late grandfather
his late grandfathers
mushoyi
mushoyuk
my late father’s boat
my late father’s boats
Translation
Wiyawini, nihsumsi, sipsun nitay ayômi môyaki.
Miyawin, my late younger brother, lies there in his clothes.
Niswi nusihsuk wikôtamak áposuhutut.
Both of my late uncles enjoyed cooking.
Nihsumsi tá nusihsukah nupuwak ayômi shwi kiskash.
My late younger brother and my late uncle died in three days.
Many Things or Frequency
When an action is doubled or used frequently, or when there are many
things or repeated things, the easy way to express this is by doubling the first
syllable of the word. This action is called reduplication.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 6
Regular form
nosqatam
pupon
musqôhtam
Reduplication
Frequently used
nonosqatam
pupupon
mumusqôhtam
Translation
he licks it/he often licks it
winter/every winter
he is angry/he is always angry
Nupiyô cicikiyuk wiyôko: I came home very late yesterday.
Wuwacônumunash sasayakatuwôk: He has many troubles.
Sôsôqhuwá wusayakatuwôk: He always overcomes his troubles.
When reduplication is applied to a word that starts with a vowel the first
consonant following the vowel is duplicated before the initial vowel.
Regular form
acá
iwá
ocáwáhs
Reduplication – initial vowel
Frequently used
cacá
wiwá
cocáwáhsak
Translation
he hunts/ he hunts a lot
he says so/he says so again
fly/lots of flies
Náwáw cacokayihsak sôwanayo pátunáhshôk: He saw many blackbirds
flying south.
Côctiyáw átwunsh naquti: She mends his trousers continuously.
Kakitusuw: She is always reading.
Negatives
There are two ways to make a negative in a sentence. One of the ways
has two forms: mutu and mut. They both mean no or not and are placed before
the verb that they are negating, or a noun has no number. Mut is usually used in
front of a verb that starts with a vowel. This will negate the action or show that
there are none of what is talked about in the sentence.
Mutu wiqám nipawuw nitay iyo: No house stands there now.
Wiwáhcumunsh mutu sáhqutáháyuw: The corn is not pounded.
Mut áhsamutuk awáhsohs! Do not feed the bear.
The second way to put a negative in a sentence is to just negate a word.
Above the whole sentence is negated. Sometimes you just want to negate a
word and leave the rest of the sentence positive. For example you might want to
say, “Your help has been immeasurable.” Only the word measurable needs to
be negated. To put mutu in this sentence would negate the entire sentence,
making it read in effect, “Your help has not been measured.” Just changing the
word measurable to immeasurable allows you to qualify measure without
making the sentence negative or ambiguous. To do this you insert /o/ before the
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 7
last suffix added to the word. It’s like putting an /un/ or an /im/ in front of a
word.
Kutáyunamawôk nutápiqutáhamomun: Your help has been
immeasurable.
Cukanuk, pumôtamuwôk kucáyhqatumomun On the farm, life is
unhurried.
Pumôtam pumôtamuwôk cipshot: He lives an unconfused life.
Irregular Endings
N-stem nouns are a common type where a part of the word disappears in
the singular. In n-stems, a syllable consisting of a vowel plus -n is deleted in
the singular, but is present before all suffixes. Notice in áhsup, ‘raccoon,’ -an
reappears when any of the suffixes are added to the word. This is not a part of
the suffix; it is a part of the stem that reappears when the suffix is added.
singular
plural
obviative
locative
Animate Nouns, N-stems
Mohegan forms
áhsup
áhsupanak
áhsupanah
áhsupanuk
Translation
raccoon
raccoons
raccoon(s) (obviative)
at the raccoon, on the raccoon
In many nouns, letters or even whole syllables cannot be seen in the
plain singular form, but they reappear in other forms of the word. The plurals of
these nouns cannot be predicted on how the singular looks. Skitôp, ‘person,’
below is an example of this. Instead of a regular -ak the plural ending has -ák,
many noun stems end in vowels, which disappear in the singular, but are present
in all other forms. When -á comes back it takes the place of the -a which is a
usual part of the plural suffix. The plurals of these nouns cannot be predicted on
the basis of the singular alone. Check the dictionary for proper plural endings.
singular
plural
obviative
locative
Animate Nouns, vowel stems
Mohegan forms
Translation
person, Indian
skitôp
people, Indians
skitôpák
person(s), Indian(s) (obv.)
skitôpáh
at the person, Indian
skitôpák
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 8
Inanimate Nouns
Below are the three normal forms for inanimate verbs with regular stems.
singular
plural
locative
Inanimate Nouns, regular stems
Mohegan forms
wacuw
wacuwash
wacuwuk
Translation
hill
hills
at the hill, on the hill
Some inanimate noun stems end in vowels and take the plural ending -sh
and the locative ending –k, like munotá, ‘basket,’ below.
singular
plural
locative
Inanimate Nouns, vowel stems
Mohegan forms
munotá
munotásh
munoták
Translation
basket
baskets
in the basket
N-stems are more common among inanimate nouns than among animate
nouns; note that the plural ending -ash is reduced to -sh after -n- below. In this
instance, the ---an returns after disappearing in the singular form. This happens
when a word is normally seen as ending in /k/. N-stems, in the form of -an-,
reappear whenever a suffix is to be added to a word ending in /k/. In the
inanimate plural of these stems is always -ansh and NOT -anash.
singular
plural
locative
Inanimate Nouns, n-stems
Mohegan forms
pitôk
pitôkansh
pitôkanuk
Translation
sack, bag
sacks, bags
in the sack, bag
Many fruits and vegetables end in /m/. When they are to be pluralized
or are put in the locative mode, -un- is inserted before adding the final –sh for
the plural or –uk for the locative. Thus, the ending –unsh is added to fruits that
are pluralized and –unuk to those in the locative mode. If there happens to be
an inanimate noun that ends in an –m that is not a fruit or a vegetable the plural
would be –ash.
singular
plural
locative
Inanimate Nouns, m-stems
Mohegan forms
pôcum
pôcumunsh
pôcumunuk
Translation
cranberry
cranberries
on the cranberries, in the
cranberries
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 9
Many inanimate noun stems end in vowels, which disappear in the
singular, but are present in all other forms. The plurals of these nouns cannot be
predicted on the basis of the singular alone. The following are some examples:
singular
plural
locative
Inanimate Nouns, á-stems
Mohegan forms
sqôt
sqôtásh
sqôták
singular
plural
locative
Inanimate Nouns, i-stems
Mohegan forms
nic
nicish
nicik
Translation
door
doors
at the door
Translation
my hand
my hands
in my hand(s)
Possessed Nouns
Every noun can be possessed. When a noun is possessed it has a regular series of
prefixes and suffixes that are added depending on who possesses the noun. There are two
types of nouns, independent nouns and dependent nouns. When either one is possessed
they have a certain set of prefixes and suffixes that tell you who the possessor is.
The difference between them is that independent nouns can stand alone (unless
they are possessed), but dependent nouns must have a possessor. They are not complete
words unless they have a prefix or a prefix and suffix to show who possesses it.
Independent Nouns
In Mohegan some nouns must be possessed by someone. Those nouns are called
dependent nouns and can be identified in the dictionary because they begin with a hyphen
(-ohsh, father or -sit, foot). Independent nouns, however, don’t have to be possessed by
someone. They can be and often are possessed, but it is not necessary for them to be
possessed.
In English we have six persons that can possess a noun: I, you (singular), he or
she, we, you (plural) and them. In Mohegan there are seven persons: I, you (singular), he
or she, we (inclusive), we (exclusive), you (plural) and them. The big change is first
person plural. This was mentioned on the first page on pronouns, but it is different
enough and important enough to mention it again. We can say ‘we’ in two different
ways. One way is to include the person being spoken to in ‘we’. This is called 1st
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 10
person plural inclusive. Let’s say we’re talking about ‘a house’ or wicuw. ‘My house’
is nuwicuw, while ‘your house’ is kuwicuw. So if I said, ‘our house,’ or kucáhqinun, it
would mean that the 1st person and the 2nd person shared possession of the house. But if I
said nuwicuwun it would mean that the house’s possessors did not include the person
being spoken to. The underlined letters show what the prefixes and suffixes for the
exclusive from the inclusive forms.
It can be ‘my house,’ ‘your house,’ ‘his or her house,’ ‘our house,’ or ‘their
house.’ Please notice on the chart below that the singular possessors only have a prefix.
The plural possessors have both a prefix and a suffix. Another interesting thing to note is
that the prefixes repeat themselves in the plural forms. With the only place you have to
think a bit is in the first person plural. In the first person plural inclusive ku- is used,
because ‘you’, the person spoken to, is included in the ‘we’. In the first person exclusive
form nu- is used, because this word is only about ‘us’ and not about ‘you’.
The suffixes also repeat themselves. The endings of both ‘we’ inclusive and ‘we’
exclusive are the same. And the endings for the second and third person plurals are also
the same as each other. The prefixes and suffixes are bolded.
Possessed Nouns, Inanimate independent noun
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
my tree
numihtuq
1 person singular
your tree
kumihtuq
2nd person singular
his/her tree
wumihtuq
3rd person singular
our (excl.) tree
numihtuqun
1st person plural exclusive
st
our (incl.) tree
kumihtuqun
1 person plural inclusive
your (pl.) tree (you-all's tree)
kumihtuquw
2nd person plural
their tree
wumihtuquw
3rd person plural
Possessed nouns show the locative with the addition of prefixes and suffixes.
Whereas unpossessed nouns do not distinguish between the singular and the plural when
taking a locative form, possessed nouns do.
Person
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
Possessed Nouns, Locative
Mohegan forms
numihtuquk
kumihtuquk
wumihtuquk
numihtuqunônuk
kumihtuqunônuk
kumihtuquwôwuk
wumihtuquwôwuk
Translation
in my tree
in your tree
in his/her tree
in our (excl.) tree
in our (incl.) tree
in your (pl.) tree (you-all's tree)
in their tree
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 11
Dependent Nouns
There is a class of nouns in Mohegan which are always possessed. These are
called dependent nouns. All kinship terms and body parts are listed as dependent nouns.
These nouns must be possessed. Slightly rarer is a noun like ‘home’, or -ik, that is also a
dependent noun. This means that someone has to possess or have these nouns. Normally
hands don’t just lie around unclaimed; they belong to you or me or her. Occasionally,
there may be an instance where the possessor of a hand is unknown, but we still have to
attach a prefix. That’s called an indefinite possessor. The indefinite possessor prefix is
mu- and is used like the nu- and ku- in the first and second person singular forms.
Dependent nouns are noted in the dictionary as NA DEP or NI DEP. They can also
be identified because they are listed with a hyphen where the possessor’s prefix must be
placed. They are listed in the dictionary as bare stems but must have at least a prefix to
form an actual word. The bolded areas in the chart below show the prefixes and suffixes
as they are attached to the stems. Please notice that they are similar to the reflexive
pronoun form for the same person.
Possessed Nouns, Animate dependent singular
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
indefinite possessor
nutônihs
kutônihs
wutônihsah
nutônihsun
kutônihsun
kutônihsuw
wutônihsuwôwah
mutônihs
my daughter
your daughter
his/her daughter
our (exclusive) daughter
our (inclusive) daughter
your (plural) daughter
their daughter
an unknown person’s daughter
Please notice that the possessed animate noun above has different affixes
than the possessed inanimate noun below.
Possessed Nouns, Inanimate dependent singular
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
indefinite possessor
nusit
kusit
wusit
nusitun
kusitun
kusituw
wusituw
musit
my foot
your foot
his/her foot
our (exclusive) foot
our (inclusive) a foot
your (plural) foot
their foot
unknown person’s foot
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 12
The locative (-uk) and obviative (-ah) suffixes are added to the 1st, 2nd,
and 3rd person singular forms. Whether the word is singular or plural should be
suggested in the context of the sentence. The obviative afixes only go on
animate nouns
When a possessed noun is a plural it must be shown. With an animate
noun the usual -ak ending is combined with the possessive endings, with the
exception of third person, singular and plural, where the plural is the same as
the singular.
Possessed Nouns, animate dependent plural
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
nutônihsak
kutônihsak
wutônihsah
nutônihsunônak
kutônihsunônak
kutônihsuwôwak
wutônihsuwôwah
my daughters
your daughters
his/her daughters
our daughters
our daughters
your daughters
their daughters
Likewise an inanimate noun that is pluralized and possessed must show both of
those properties as they do in the set below.
Possessed Nouns, inanimate dependent plural
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
indefinite possessor
nusitash
kusitash
wusitash
nusitunônash
kusitunônash
kusituwôwash
wusituwôwash
musitash
my feet
your feet
his/her feet
our (excl.) feet
our (incl.) feet
your (pl.) feet
their feet
feet
Vowel Stem Types
The usual prefix for 1st person is nu-, but when a stem begins with a vowel, that
vowel takes the place of the /u/ in the regular prefix. Below you can see nimat,
‘my older brother.’ The /i/ of the stem has taken the place of the regular /u/. In
nahak, which means ‘my body’ or ‘myself’. The /a/ in the stem takes the place
of the regular /u/.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 13
Possessed Nouns, Animate singular possessee, i-stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
st
1 person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
nihsums
kihsums
wihsumsah
nihsumsun
kihsumsun
kihsumsuw
wihsumsuwôwah
my younger sibling
your younger sibling
his/her younger sibling
our younger sibling (exclusive)
our younger sibling (inclusive)
your younger sibling (plural)
their younger sibling
Other i-stems are niyan ‘my tongue’, nic ‘my hand’, nicuk ‘my finger’ and nik
‘my house, home’.
Other Stems
There are certain beginning letters that one has to watch for when attaching a
possessive prefix to a third person noun. Those letters are: p, hp, k, hk, q, hq, m, or w.
When one of those letters appear the prefix is not wu- as it usually is, but just u- or
without a prefix at all. For example: uwisuwôk 'his name', and umihsihsah 'his older
sister' keep the u- prefix while kôtuwôwash ‘their legs’ does not. Here is the full
declension of the possessed forms for ‘name’. Please note that after <k> underlyingly
there is always <an>. Unless a word ends in <k> you don’t have to add the <an>.
Possessed Nouns, p, k, q, m, w-stems
Person
Mohegan Forms
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
indefinite possessor
nuwisuwôk
kuwisuwôk
uwisuwôk
nuwisuwôkanun
kuwisuwôkanun
kuwisuwôkanuw
uwisuwôkanuw
muwisuwôk
Translation
my name
your name
his/her name
our name (but not yours)
our name (yours and mine)
your (plural) name
their name
not sure whose name
In Mohegan if <uh> or <ah> comes before a consonant, that syllable often
disappears. Unfortunately most of the body parts start with <h> and then the prefix ends
with <u>, setting up the environment in which the syllable disappears. When this
happens and the <h> must remain, then the <u> is merely replaced with an apostrophe.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 14
Person
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
indefinite possessor
Possessed Nouns, h-stem
Mohegan forms
n’hkôt
k’hkôt
kôt
n’hkôtunônash
k’hkôtunônash
k’hkôtuwôwash
kôtuwôwash
m’hkôt
Translation
my leg
your leg
his/her leg
our legs (exclusive)
our legs(inclusive)
your legs (plural)
their legs
someone’s leg
Verbs
The verbs of the Mohegan language fall into several different catagories. The
easiest place to start is to talk about the two places they are used in a sentence, and then
expound more fully later.
There can be two parts to a sentence:
The independent part of the sentence
The dependent clause, which is optional.
The independent part of a sentence is the main part of a sentence. This is the part
that stands alone. It can also be a sentence within quote marks. In the following
sentences the verbs are all contained within the independent part of the sentence. The
verbs are in italics.
The girl ran into the house.
The girl ran into the house and shouted,
The girl ran into the house and shouted, “The bear has come back!”
The verbs in these sentences are called independent verbs. They are in a part of a
sentence that stands alone or is independent.
A dependent clause is a part of a larger sentence. It is only meaningful in relation
to the rest of the sentence. In Mohegan grammar verbs that are in a dependent clause are
said to be in the conjunct. The dependent clauses in the following sentences are
underlined.
The girl ran into the house and shouted, “The bear that came into our yard
before has come back!”
When the girl ran into the house, the bear was right behind her.
The bear, who just wanted to play, bounded onto the porch.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 15
The verbs in italics in the dependent clauses would be translated into the
Mohegan conjunct. We’ll start by talking about independent verbs and then move onto
the conjunct.
Independent Verbs
Independent verbs come in four flavors and the following is the order in which
they will be explained:
Inanimate intransitive verbs (VII)
Animate intransitive verbs (VAI)
Transitive inanimate verbs (VTI)
Transitive inanimate verbs (VTA)
The three letters to the right of the descriptions above are the abbreviations for
those particular verbs. These three letter descriptions are found in this form in the
dictionary after the stem of every verb. This is important to understand because different
endings go on different types of verbs.
Below are four verbs as they appear in the dictionary. First is the stem in bold. It
has a hyphen after it to show that it is not a complete word in itself. There is usually one
or more letters that are added to the end to complete the word in the independent third
person singular (ind 3rd sg) form. This is the form that talks about ‘he’ or ‘she’. Looking
at the four dictionary entries you will see that the first two words (askasqáyu- and
askasqisu-) are basically the same and the second two words (kunam- and kunaw-) are
also basically the same. There are three differences in each pair:
Their spelling is slightly different
The three-letter description after the stem is different.
Two are it words while the others are he words…in other words, two are inanimate while
the others are animate.
askasqáyu-, VII it is green
ind 3rd sg askasqáyuw, ind 3rd pl askasqáyush,
conj 3rd sg áskasqák, conj 3rd pl áskasqáks
askasqisu-, VAI he is green
ind 3rd sg nutaskasqis, ind 3rd sg askasqisuw, you and I
kutaskasqisumun,
conj. 3rd sg áskasqisut, conj. 3rd pl áskasqis'hutut
kunam-, VTI look at it
ind 1st sg nukunam, ind 3rd sg kunam, you and I kukunamumun,
imp 2nd sg kunamsh, imp 2nd pl kunamoq, conj. 3rd kának
kunaw-, VTA look at him
ind 1st sg nukunawô, ind 3rd sg kunawáw, you and I kukunawômun,
imp 2nd sg kunaw, imp 2nd pl kunôhq, conj. 3rd kánawôt
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 16
It might be a good to repeat that there is no distinction between gender in
Mohegan. Men and women are referred to with the same pronouns and the same
endings. In Algonquian languages ‘animate’ and ‘inanimate’ are considered the genders.
Transitive and Intransitive
The distinction between Transitive and Intransitive needs to be explained here. A
transitive verb is a word that shows action that is having an effect on something or
someone. The following are examples of transitive verbs. The verbs are set in italics
while their objects, or the person or thing that is being effected, is in bold. The verbs in
the following sentences are transitive verbs.
The dog bit the man.
The wind blew the grass.
The answer boggled his mind.
An intransitive verb is a word that may show action but it doesn’t have a direct
effect on something or someone else.
I breathe easily now.
The sun rises in the morning.
She always cries.
In Mohegan intransitive verbs take on several other angles. Words that we
consider adjectives are usually intransitive verbs. The entire section that is in italics is
considered the verb.
The Creator is good.
The fish is handsome.
The tree is green.
Time is treated as a verb as well.
It is time for lunch.
It has been a year since I saw him.
The sun has risen; it is day.
Weather is treated as a verb too.
Thursday was foggy.
Today is warm.
It is snowing!
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 17
Intransitive Verbs
Inanimate Intransitive Verbs
Mohegan stems are set apart by how they end. These endings determine
what suffixes can be attached to them. Piwáhcu-, VII ‘it is little, small’ is a
typical Inanimate Intransitive verb (VII). The “form” column on the left of the
chart shows singular and plural in the independent and conjunct forms. In the
middle column titled ‘Mohegan forms’, the bolded letters on the end are how
the words change when their form changes in a sentence. The column on the
right is the translation. You will notice that the column on the right is pretty
much the same with the only part that is changed is the meaning of the word.
To give you an idea of how these charts work: the stem piwácu-, which
means ‘be small’, is not on the chart. The singular ending -w would change the
stem to piwácuw meaning ‘it is small’; the plural ending is -sh, making the
word piwácush meaning ‘they are small’. Conjunct verbs mark clauses which
in English would usually begin with ‘that’, ‘who’, or ‘which’; the conjunct
singular ending is -k making the word piwáhcuk which means ‘that it is small
or that which is small’; the conjunct plural ending -ks makes the word
piwáhcuks, meaning ‘that they are small.”
The regular stems, as shown in the following chart, end normally in -u-,
but they also end in -o-, -ô-, and -iyu.
Inanimate Intransitive Verbs - regular stems
Mohegan forms
Translation
Independent singular
it is little
piwáhcuw
Independent plural
they (inan.) are little
piwáhcush
Conjunct singular
that it is little, which is little
piwáhcuk
Conjunct plural
that
they (inan.) are little, which
piwáhcuks
Form
are little
The following sentences show how the words in the chart are used in sentences.
Piwáhcuw upihsháw: The flower (it) is little.
Piwáhcush upihsháwônsh: The flowers (they) are little.
Nám piwáhcuk upihsháw: He sees that the flower (it) is little.
Nám piwáhcuks upihsháwônsh: He sees that the flowers (they) are
little.
There is an exception however to the process. When words end in -áyuthe Mohegan form is different. In this form stems ending in -áyu- have the same
endings in the independent form, but in the conjunct they contract to a simple á-. The contraction eliminates the -yu- while adding the final -k for the singular
and -ks for the plural.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 18
Inanimate Intransitive Verbs – áyu stems
Form
Mohegan forms
Translation
Independent singular
it is blue
siwôpáyuw
Independent plural
they (inan.) are blue
siwôpáyush
Conjunct singular
that
it is long, which is blue
siwôpák
Conjunct plural
that they (inan.) are blue, which
siwôpáks
are blue
Siwôpáyuw sipo: The river (it) is blue.
Siwôpáyush siposh: The rivers (they) are blue.
Wáhtôw siwôpák sipo: He knows that the river (it) is blue.
Wáhtôw siwôpáks sipo: He knows that the rivers (they) are blue.
T-stem VII words do not add anything to the independent singular form,
but in the plural form the ending is -ash. In the conjunct the word contracts,
leaving out the t
-t- before adding -hk for the singular and -hks for the plural.
Inanimate Intransitive Verbs - T-stems
Mohegan forms
Translation
Independent singular
it is cold
sôyôqat
Independent plural
they (inan.) are cold
sôyôqatash
Conjunct singular
that it is cold, which is cold
sôyôqahk
Conjunct plural
that they (inan.) are cold,
sôyôqahks
Form
which are cold
Inôk sôyôqat: The handle (it) is cold.
Inôkansh sôyôqatash: The handles (they) are cold.
Inôk sôyôqahk mihkáyuw: The handle which is cold is strong.
Inôkansh sôyôqahks mihkáyush: The handles which are cold are
strong.
When working with n-stem VII words, or verbs ending in -n, there is no
need to add anything to the stem to form the independent singular form. For
example, the stem siwôpáyu-, had to have a -w added to it making it siwôpáyuw
before it truly meant ‘it is blue’. But with a word ending in -n like wikun, ‘it is
good,’ the singular form is the same as the stem. A simple -sh is added to make
the plural form. In the conjunct a similar contraction to the T-stem takes place
leaving the -n- out of the conjunct form. The ending in the conjunct, however,
is just -k for singular and -ks for plural. The same rule applies if the word ends
in -m.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 19
Inanimate Intransitive Verbs - n-stems
Form
Mohegan forms
Translation
Independent singular
it is good
wikun
Independent plural
they
(inan.)
are good
wikunsh
Conjunct singular
that it is good, which is good
wikuk
Conjunct plural
that they (inan.) are good, which
wikuks
are good
Yo kisk wikun: This day (it) is good.
Yosh kiskash wikunsh: These days (they) are good.
In wáhtôw yo kisk wikuk: The man knows that this day (it) is good.
In wáhtôw yosh kiskash wikuks: The man knows that these days (they)
are good.
There are times when a VII word will have only three of the four forms
that are listed. An example of this is the word siqan, which means ‘it is spring’.
siqan, VII it is spring
it is spring siqan, that it is spring siqak, whenever it is spring siqaks
There is no independent plural, because there is only one spring at a
time. So if you are saying siqan, ‘it is spring’ you are talking about the present,
and there is only one spring in the present. If you are talking about springs that
are not present, they could be future springs or past springs, it is definitely
possible to have plural springs. But they would most likely be in conjunct form
rather than in the independent form.
The II verbs, whose meanings refer to seasons, time and the weather, can take a
suffix -s, which is attached to the conjunct singular, and it means ‘whenever’. So siqan,
which means ‘it is spring’, means ‘whenever it is spring’ if you add an -s to the conjunct
singular form siqak ‘when it is spring’, that is: siqaks ‘whenever it is spring’. Siqaks is
also the conjunct plural. So another way to look at this is to realize that when you are
saying ‘whenever’ you are talking about more than one winter and so it is appropriate
that the plural is used.
Siqaks nukihcá wiwáhcumunsh: Whenever it is spring, I plant corn.
Animate Intransitive Verbs
Animate verbs are words where a person or animal or other animate
subject causes the action or experiences the state of being that the word
describes. Animate intransitive verbs do not have direct objects. In other words
they do not affect anyone or anything else.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 20
When you are using a pronoun as a direct object, make sure you are
using the transitive animate verb and not the transitive inanimate verb (they
usually come in pairs). Here are some sentences in which an animate being
causes or experiences an action.
In qaqi ásikisukahks: The man (he) runs daily.
Sqáwhs akuw yo yôpôwik: The young woman (she) dressed this morning.
Muks mitsuw kipi: The wolf eats quickly.
Here are some sentences in which an animate thing experiences a state of being.
Manto wikuw: God (he) is good.
Áhsup apuw yôwatuk: The raccoon (he) lives far away.
Nihsums kawi: My younger sibling (he) is asleep.
Siwôpisuw yo cits: This bird (he) is blue.
Person Marking
The Mohegan AI (animate intransitive) verbs show who the subject is by what is
attached at the beginning and/or end of the verb. The singular forms have prefixs on the
beginning of the word and for the third person (singular and plural) there is only a suffix
at the end of the word. The prefixes and suffixes are the same or very similar to the
prefixes and suffixes attached to the possessed nouns.
In the plural we have the inclusive and exclusive endings. As with the possessed
nouns the inclusive “we” includes the person who is speaking as well as the person he or
she is talking to. The exclusive form “we” does not include the person the speaker is
talking to. Please notice that the plural forms have the same prefixes as the singular
forms. The inclusive form starts with ku-, which means ‘you’, while the exclusive form
starts with nu-, which means ‘I’ or ‘me’.
Independent verbs, animate intransitive
Mohegan forms
Translation
I steal
nukumotuw
1st person singular
nd
you
steal
kukumotuw
2 person singular
he/she steals
kumotuw
3rd person singular
he/she (obviative) steals
kumotah
3rd person obviative
we (but not you) steal
nukumotumun
1st person plural exclusive
we (I and you) steal
kukumotumun
1st person plural inclusive
you (more than one) steal
kukumotumô
2nd person plural
rd
they steal
kumotuwak
3 person plural
Person
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 21
When an animate intransitive verb stem ends in a long vowel like á, i, o, or ô the 3rd
person singular does not take a final -w. Similarly, in the 3rd person plural these same
verbs take -k as an ending and not -wak.
Independent verbs, animate intransitive - long vowel ending
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I breathe
nuyáhshá
1 person singular
you breathe
kuyáhshá
2nd person singular
he/she breathes
yáhshá
3rd person singular
rd
he/she
(obviative) breathes
yáhsháh
3 person obviative
we (I and he/she) breathe
nuyáhshámun
1st person plural exclusive
we (I and you) breathe
kuyáhshámun
1st person plural inclusive
you (more than one) breathe
kuyáhshámô
2nd person plural
they breathe
yáhshák
3rd person plural
There is a difference between adding a prefix to verb than to a dependent noun,
when the stem starts with a vowel. In nouns the nu- or ku- is contracted to n- or k-. The
prefix is then attached and the first vowel of the word takes the place of the -u- in nu- or
ku- prefix.
Example noun: ‘father’ is -ohsh; ‘my father’ : nohsh and ‘your father’ : kohsh.
But with a verb -t- is inserted between the prefix nu- or ku- and the stem that begins with
a vowel.
Example verb: ‘hunts’ : acá-; ‘I hunt’ : nutacá and ‘you hunt’ : kutacá.
Looking from the front of the word to the rear: when an AI verbs ends in -u-, the u- is deleted from the 1st person singular and 2nd person singular, but the -u- remains in
the other forms.
Example: ‘count’ is akisu-; ‘I count’: nutakis and ‘you count’: kutakis. However,
-u- is not deleted from 3rd person singular, akisuw, or from the plurals: ‘we (inclusive)
count’ : kutakisumun, ‘we (exclusive) count’ : nutakisumun, and ‘you count’ :
kutakisumuw, ‘they count’ : akisuwak.
Obviative
When there is a person being talked about and he or she is not the speaker or the
listener, it is said that he or she is the third person. When two or more people are being
spoken of in the third person, one is considered proximate (close) and the others
obviative (farther away). Normally obviative mostly occurs when animate subjects are
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 22
possessed by 3rd persons. (See Obviative in the Animate Noun section for a fuller
discussion of obviative.) The person that is obviative is shown as obviative because -ah
is attached to the end of the word or name that represents them. The verb that describes
what the obviative person is doing is also put in the obviative with the attachment of wah. This is called agreement. The nouns and verbs always have to agree.
Nis Awáhsohsak wunicônah mihkikuwah: Two Bears’ child (he) is strong.
Wunicônah mihkikuwah: His child is strong.
Transitive Verbs
Transitive Inanimate Verbs
A transitive verb is one where the action affects someone or something. The
thing or person that is affected is called the object. When we are looking at a TI verb, or
a Transitive Inanimate verb, the inanimate part refers to the object.
These come in two types of objects: absolute and objective.
Absolute forms are used when a noun object is present: I hit the ball.
Objective forms are used when a noun object is not present: I hit it.
Among the TI verbs there are three types of stems:
VTIs ending in -m- or -n-.
VTIs ending in -o-.
VTIs ending in -u-.
The Type -m/n- TI verbs make up more than 75% of the VTI words in our
dictionary. Although Type -u- TI verbs only make up a small percentage of the words,
the likelihood of you using a Type -u- verb is very good, because one of the words is
micu-: eat.
This chart shows how to build a Type -m/n- TI word using the absolute form
when a subject is named.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate absolute – -m/n-Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I strike (it)
nutakatam
1 person singular
you strike (it)
kutakatam
2nd person singular
rd
he/she
strikes (it)
takatam
3 person singular
he/she (obv.) strikes (it)
takatamwah
3rd person obviative
we (excl.) strike (it)
nutakatamumun
1st person plural exclusive
we (incl.) strike (it)
kutakatamumun
1st person plural inclusive
you (plural) strike (it)
kutakatamumô
2nd person plural
they strike (it)
takatamwak
3rd person plural
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 23
Nutakatam pôhpaskôk: I hit the ball.
In muyôtam yoht: The man smells the fire.
Mukacuks mumuqunum kutuq: The boy rubs his knee.
This chart shows how to build an -m/n-stem word using the objective form when
no subject is named.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate objective – -m/n-Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
I strike it
nutakatamun
1st person singular
you strike it
kutakatamun
2nd person singular
rd
he/she
strikes it
wutakatamun
3 person singular
we (excl.) strike it
nutakatamunán
1st person plural exclusive
we (incl.) strike it
kutakatamunán
1st person plural inclusive
you (plural) strike it
kutakatamunáw
2nd person plural
they strike it
wutakatamunáw
3rd person plural
Indefinite subject (passive)
Someone
strikes it, it is struck
takatamun
Nutakatamun: I hit it.
In muyôtamun: The man smells it.
Mukacuks mumuqunumun: The boy rubs it.
Among -m/n-stem TI verbs in which no subject is named, a distinction is
possible between singular and plural inanimate objects. This chart shows you
how to make a plural object or to say “them”.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate objective, plural object – -m/n-Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I
strike
them (inan.)
nutakatamunash
1 person singular
you strike them (inan.)
kutakatamunash
2nd person singular
he/she strikes them (inan.)
wutakatamunash
3rd person singular
we (I and he/she) strike them
nutakatamunánônash
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
kutakatamunánônash
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
kutakatamunáwôwash
wutakatamunáwôwash
takatamunash
Indefinite subject (passive)
(inan.)
we (I and you) strike them
(inan.)
you (pl.) strike them (inan.)
they strike them (inan.)
Someone strikes them (inan.),
they (inan.) are struck
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 24
Akômak wukunumunash: Akômak (she) carried them (inanimate).
Nutáhqunumunánônash: We (but not you) catch them (inanimate).
Wukihtamunáwôwash: They listen to them (inanimate).
Passive sentences/indefinite subject
A word needs to be said about the last place in the column marked
“person” on the last two charts and on the coming charts. It says “Indefinite
subject (passive)”. This means that the subject is not known. It is also a way of
making a sentence passive. This means that instead of saying, “Jerry hit Tom”
you say in the passive voice, “Tom was hit.” We still have an action, and
someone (Tom) is affected by the action, but we don’t know or say that it was
Jerry who did the hitting.
This chart shows how to build -o-stem words using the absolute form when a
subject is specifically named.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate absolute – -o-Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I bring (it)
nupáto
1 person singular
you bring (it)
kupáto
2nd person singular
rd
he/she
brings (it)
pátôw
3 person singular
we (I and he/she) bring (it)
nupátomun
1st person plural exclusive
we (I and you) bring (it)
kupátomun
1st person plural inclusive
you (more than one) bring (it)
kupátomô
2nd person plural
they bring(it)
pátôwak
3rd person plural
Akômak pátow manotá: Akômak brings the basket.
Kutomáwin nihtôw kutomáwôk nik: The singer learns the song at my
home.
Tantaquidgeonak tômwihtôwak micuwôk: The Tantaquidgeons save
the food.
This chart shows how to build -o-stem words using the objective form when a subject is
not specifically named.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate objective – -o-Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I bring it
nupátawun
1 person singular
you bring it
kupátawun
2nd person singular
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 25
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
Indefinite subject (passive)
upátawun
nupátawunán
kupátawunán
kupátawunáw
upátawunáw
pátawun
he/she brings it
we (I and he/she) bring it
we (I and you) bring it
you (more than one) bring it
they bring it
Someone brings it, it is brought
Pátow manotá: She brings the basket.
Kunihto pisupôkanuk: You learn it at the sweat-lodge.
Tômwihtôwak: They save it.
Among -o-stem TI verbs in which no subject is present, a distinction is
possible between singular and plural inanimate objects. This chart shows you
how to make a plural object or to say “them”.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate objective, plural object – -o-Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I
bring
them (inan.)
nupátawunash
1 person singular
you bring them (inan.)
kupátawunash
2nd person singular
he/she brings them (inan.)
upátawunash
3rd person singular
we (excl.) bring them (inan.)
nupátawunánônash
1st person plural exclusive
st
we (incl.) bring them (inan.)
kupátawunánônash
1 person plural inclusive
you (pl.) bring them (inan.)
kupátawunáwôwash
2nd person plural
they bring them (inan.)
upátawunáwôwash
3rd person plural
Indefinite subject (passive)
pátawunash
Someone brings them (inan.),
they (inan.) are brought
Akoma upátawunash: Akoma brings them (inanimate).
Kunihtawunash pisupôkanuk: You learn them (inanimate) at the
sweatlodge.
Utômwihtôwawunash: They save them (inanimate).
Pátawunash wicuwuk: They were brought in the house.
This chart shows how to build -u-stem words using the absolute form when a
subject is present.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate – -u-Stem, absolute
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
I eat it
numic
1st person singular
nd
you
eat it
kumic
2 person singular
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 26
3rd person singular
1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
micuw
numicumun
kumicumun
kumicumô
micuwak
he/she eats it
we (I and he/she) eat it
we (I and you) eat it
you (more than one) eat it
they eat it
Numicumun sôp: We (but not you) eat corn soup.
Kôkôc Wôpisut wikimicuw wiwáhcum: White Raven likes to eat corn.
Kumicumô putukunik: You all eat bread.
The passive person in this chart shows how to build -u-stem words using the
objective form when the person who carries out the action is not present.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate – -u-Stem, objective
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I eat it
numicun
1 person singular
you eat it
kumicun
2nd person singular
he/she eats it
umicun
3rd person singular
we (I and he/she) eat it
numicunán
1st person plural exclusive
we (I and you) eat it
kumicunán
1st person plural inclusive
nd
you
(more than one) eat it
kumicunáw
2 person plural
they eat it
umicunáw
3rd person plural
Indefinite subject (passive)
it is eaten
micun
Numicunán: We (but not you) eat it.
Kôkôc Wôpisut uwikimicun: White Raven likes to eat it.
Kumicunáw: You-all eat it.
Micuwôk micun ásqam piyôyak: The food was eaten before we came.
Among -u-stem TI verbs in which no object is present, a distinction is
possible between singular and plural inanimate objects. This chart shows you
how to make a plural object or to say “them”.
Independent verbs:
transitive inanimate -u-Stem objective, plural object
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
I eat them (inan.)
numicunash
1st person singular
nd
you
eat them (inan.)
kumicunash
2 person singular
he/she eats them (inan.)
umicunash
3rd person singular
we (I and he/she) eat them
numicunánônash
1st person plural exclusive
(inan.)
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 27
1st person plural inclusive
2nd person plural
kumicunánônash
kumicunáwôwash
3rd person plural
Passive
umicunáwôwash
micunash
we (I and you) eat them (inan.)
you (more than one) eat them
(inan.)
they eat them (inan.)
they (inan.) are eaten
Numicunánônash: We (but not you) eat them (inanimate).
Kôkôc Wôpisut uwikimicunash: White Raven likes to eat them
(inanimate).
Kumicuáwôwash: You all eat them (inanimate).
Independent Transitive Animate Verbs
Transitive verbs affect something or someone else. Transitive animate
verbs (VTA) always affect someone or something animate. That is, the object is
always animate.
The absolute forms below are only used when the object is named. If a
pronoun is named instead of a noun, an objective form of the verb is used.
In parentheses under “person” are some numbers. Separately they mean:
1 = 1st person singular
2 = 2nd person singular
3 = 3rd person singular
11 = 1st person plural exclusive
12 = 1st person plural inclusive
22 = 2nd plural
33 = 3rd person plural
When a > sits between two numbers it means that means that the person
on the left side of the > is affecting or acting upon the person on the right side of
the >. In other words the person on the left is the subject and the person on the
right is the object.
1>3 = 1st person singular is acting on 3rd person
2>3 = 2nd person singular is acting on 3rd person
3>3 = 3rd person singular is acting on 3rd person
22>33 = 2nd person plural is acting on 3rd person plural
3>12 = 3rd person singular is acting on 1st person plural inclusive
This list is quite extensive and I’m sure you have the idea. To list all the
possibilities would take 49 lines.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 28
The chart below shows how to build a transitive animate verb with a
named object. All the objects in this chart are third person objects. The ‘name’
can be the name of someone, or a word like ‘girl’, ‘father’, or squirrel. If the
‘name’ is ‘he’ or ‘him or ‘she’ you must use the objective form.
Independent transitive animate Absolute –
third person singular objects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I
strike (him/her)
nutakamô
1 person singular subject (1>3)
you strike (him/her)
kutakamô
2nd person singular subject (2>3)
he/she strikes (him/her)
takamáw
3rd person singular subject (3>3)
we (excl.) strike (him/her)
nutakamômun
1st person plural excl. subject
(11>3)
1st person plural incl. subject
(12>3)
nd
2 person plural subject (22>3)
3rd person plural subject (33>3)
kutakamômun
we (incl.) strike (him/her)
kutakamômô
takamáwak
you (pl.) strike (him/her)
they strike (him/her)
Nutakamô skok naspi wutqun: I hit (him) the snake with a stick.
Wicáwáw pohpohsah mihtuquk: He went with (him) the cat to the tree.
Nuwikimohômun noy’hc: We (but not you) like to eat (him) deer.
The chart below shows how to build a transitive animate verb with an unnamed
object. So the object is referred to as ‘he’ or ‘she’. All the objects in this chart are third
person objects.
Independent transitive animate Objective –
Present tense – third person singular objects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I
strike him/her
nutakam
1 person singular subject (1>3)
you strike him/her
kutakam
2nd person singular subject (2>3)
he/she strikes him/her
wutakamôh
3rd person singular subject (3>3)
we (excl.) strike him/her
nutakamôwun
1st person plural excl. subject
(11>3)
st
1 person plural incl. subject
(12>3)
nd
2 person plural subject (22>3)
3rd person plural subject (33>3)
kutakamôwun
we (incl.) strike him/her
kutakamôw
wutakamôwôh
you (pl.) strike him/her
they strike him/her
Nutakamô naspi wutqun: I hit (him) with a stick.
Nukatum mihtuquk: He leaves (him) in the tree.
Nuwikimohômun: We (but not you) like to eat (him).
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 29
The chart below is a second version of the one above, only instead of the
present tense as it is above, below is the past tense. The past tense is an action
that has already passed…it is in the past. You can see a pattern in that the new
endings all include /p/. Please note that you have both prefixes and suffixes to
put on the root. The third person doesn’t need a prefix, but note that there are
two forms for 3rd person singular and plural. One is the obviative and the other
is the proximate (normal). The obviative is noted by /ah/ and /ôh/. Third person
is distinguished from the other inflections by a lack of a prefix.
Independent transitive animate Objective –
Past tense – third person singular objects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I
struck him/her
nutakamáp
1 person singular subject (1>3)
you struck him/her
kutakamáp
2nd person singular subject (2>3)
he/she struck him/her
takamápah
3rd person singular subject (3>3)
obviative
rd
3 person singular subject (3>3)
1st person plural excl. subject
(11>3)
st
1 person plural incl. subject
(12>3)
2nd person plural subject (22>3)
3rd person plural subject (33>3)
obviative
rd
3 person plural subject (33>3)
obviative
he/she struck him/her
takamáp
nutakamunayup
we (excl.) struck him/her
kutakamunayup
we (incl.) struck him/her
kutakamunáwap
takamawápôh
you (pl.) struck him/her
takamawáp
they struck him/her
they struck him/her
obviative
This chart again shows how to build a transitive animate verb with an
unnamed object, but now we know that the object is plural. The translation of
the plural object would be ‘them’.
Independent transitive animate Objective –
Present tense – third person plural objects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I strike them
nutakamôwak
1 person singular subject (1>33)
you strike them
kutakamôwak
2nd person singular subject
(2>33)
3rd person singular subject
(3>33) and (33>33)
st
1 person plural excl. subject
(11>33)
1st person plural incl. subject
(12>33)
nd
2 person plural subject (22>33)
takamôwak
he strikes them
nutakamôwuyônak
we (excl.) strike them
kutakamôwuyônak
we (incl.) strike them
kutakamôwôwak
you (pl.) strike them
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 30
Nutakamôwak naspi wutqun: I hit (them) with a stick.
Kunukayôwak mihtuquk: You leave (them) in the tree.
Nuwikimohômunônak: We (but not you) like to eat (them).
This chart, as the second in the pair above, shows how to go from the
present tense into the past tense.
Independent transitive animate Objective –
Past tense – third person plural objects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I struck them
nutakamápunak
1 person singular subject (1>33)
you struck them
kutakamápunak
2nd person singular subject
(2>33)
3rd person singular subject
(3>33)
st
1 person plural excl. subject
(11>33)
st
1 person plural incl. subject
(12>33)
2nd person plural subject (22>33)
3rd person plural subject (33>33)
takamápunah
he struck them
nutakamôyupanak
we (excl.) struck them
kutakamôyupanak
we (incl.) struck them
kutakamôwápanak
takamôwápanôwah
you (pl.) struck them
they struck them
Note that in previous charts we have been focusing on the objects. The
next two charts focus on verbs where the subject is third person singular. See
the number code in the ‘Person’ column has (3>1) on to (3>33). Please
remember (3>33) is shorthand for 3rd person acting on two or more 3rd persons,
while (3>12) means 3rd person acting on 1st and 2nd persons, or him or her acting
on you and me.
Independent transitive animate –
Present tense – third person singular subjects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
he/she
strikes me
nutakamuq
1 person singular object (3>1)
he/she strikes you
kutakamuq
2nd person singular object (3>2)
he/she (obv.) strikes him/her
takamáw
3rd person singular object (3'>3)
st
he/she strikes us (excl.)
nutakamuqun
1 person plural excl. object
(3>11)
st
1 person plural incl. object
(3>12)
nd
2 person plural object (3>22)
3rd person plural object (3’>33)
kutakamuqun
he/she strikes us (incl.)
kutakamuquw
takamuqak
he/she strikes you (pl.)
he/she (obv.) strikes them
Pásawáw páhpohsah môyikowuk: She brings (him) the baby to the
medicine man.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 31
Kutôcimohkôqun mushuyôn: He tells us about the great rain (that is).
Nuhshuquw naspi punitôk: He kills you (plural) with a knife.
The next chart is also for Verbs that are Transitive and Animate (VTA in
the dictionary). This chart is like the one above in that the subject of the
sentence is third person and is singular…he or she, but not them. It is also in the
past tense, as was the chart two charts back.
Independent transitive animate –
Past tense – third person singular subjects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
he/she struck me
nutakamukup
1st person singular object (3>1)
he/she struck you
kutakamukup
2nd person singular object (3>2)
rd
he/she
(obv.) struck him/her
takamapah
3 person singular object (3'>3)
he/she struck us (excl.)
nutakamáyup
1st person plural excl. object
(3>11)
st
1 person plural incl. object
(3>12)
2nd person plural object (3>22)
3rd person plural object (3’>33)
kutakamáyup
he/she struck us (incl.)
kutakamowap
takamáyupah
he/she (obv.) struck them
he/she struck you (pl.)
Kihcapunánupah piksihsak: He tormented (them) the pigs.
Náhtiyá kuqucimôyánup kupasotsháwômun máy: The dog sniffed us
when we approached the road.
Kukinumáwukup qaci wuci cikáhtuk kik: He carried you out of your
burning house.
In the following chart the focus is again on the subject rather than the
object. This time the subject is third person plural. (33>1) is shorthand for 3rd
person plural acts on me.
Independent transitive animate –
Present tense – third person plural subjects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
they strike me
nutakamuqak
1 person singular object
(33>1)
nd
2 person singular object
(33>2)
3rd person singular object
(33>3)
1st person plural excl. object
(33>11)
st
1 person plural incl. object
(33>12)
kutakamuqak
they strike you
takamuqah
they strike him (obv.)
nutakamuqunônak
they strike us (excl.)
kutakamuqunônak
they strike us (incl.)
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 32
2nd person plural object
(33>22)
3rd person plural object
(33>33)
kutakamuquwôwak
they strike you (pl.)
takamuquwôwah
they strike them (obv.)
Kunáwuqak nipôwi: They saw you during the night.
Nukayoyuqunônak áyuqômak: They spoke to us while we dreamed.
Kuwáhuqunônak wuci nihtokamuqkanuk: They know us from school.
Everything remains the same in this chart as was in the last one, except
the action took place last week or longer ago rather than more recently.
Independent transitive animate –
Past tense – third person plural subjects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
they struck me
nutakamuqupanak
1st person singular object
(33>1)
nd
2 person singular object
(33>2)
3rd person singular object
(33>3)
st
1 person plural excl. object
(33>11)
1st person plural incl. object
(33>12)
nd
2 person plural object
(33>22)
3rd person plural object
(33>33)
kutakamuqupanak
they struck you
takamawápah
they struck him (obv.)
nutakamuquyôpanak
they struck us (excl.)
kutakamuquyôpanak
they struck us (incl.)
kutakamuquwôwpanak
they struck you (pl.)
takamowáponah
they struck them (obv.)
Yôwat, tatakámôk ponawápak mukacuksah t’hkamukanuk: Long
ago, porpoises (they) put (him) the boy on the shore.
Nucáyhsakun nukotumuqunôpanak nukônimáy koskinuyak: Our elders
(they) taught us the old ways when we were young.
Kunicônun miyowáponah natawahwinak upihsháwônsh: Our
children (they) gave (them) the visitors flowers.
This chart puts you or me as the subject with you or me as the object as
well. Notice that the prefix is always ku-. (You always trumps me in the
Mohegan language.) The suffix or ending makes the distinction.
Independent transitive animate –
Present tense – ‘you and me' forms
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
second person singular subject,
you
(sg.) strike me
kutakami
first singular object (2>1)
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 33
second person plural subject, first
singular object (22>1)
second person subject, first person
plural object (2>11)
First person singular subject,
second person singular object
(1>2)
First person singular subject,
second person plural object
(1>22)
first person plural subject, second
person object (11>2)
kutakamumô
you (pl.) strike me
kutakamumun
you strike us
kutakamush
I strike you (sg.)
kutakamuyumô
kutakamuyumun
I strike you (pl.)
we strike you
Kupáhi kikuk: You waited for me in your home.
Kukihcapunsh naspi ocáwáhsak: I torment you with flies.
Kukotumuyumô papômi kikátohkáwôkansh: I teach you all about
language
Here is the past tense version of the ‘you and me’ form of transitive
animate verbs. You still comes first and with me at the end, but the past tense
marker follows at the end.
Independent transitive animate –
Past tense – ‘you and me' forms
Person
Mohegan forms
second person singular subject,
kutakamip
first singular object (2>1)
second person plural subject, first
singular object (22>1)
second person subject, first person
plural object (2>11)
First person singular subject,
second person singular object
(1>2)
First person singular subject,
second person plural object
(1>22)
first person plural subject, second
person object (11>2)
Translation
you (sg.) struck me
kutakamumôwáp
you (pl.) struck me
kutakamáyup
you struck us
kutakamuyáp
I struck you (sg.)
kutakamiwáp
I struck you (pl.)
kutakamimuyáp
we struck you
Kuswukanumip nis punitôkansh macish wiyon: You threw two knives at
me last month.
Wikôci kutuyiwáp ni ôcimohkawôk yôwat: I often told you that story
long ago.
Kuwáhimunáp wáskinuyanup: We knew you when you were young.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 34
Y-Stems
Several different verb stems act differently than others. Among the more unusual
acting verb stems are Y-stems. They end in -y-, but the distinction doesn’t stop there.
The y changes to s before certain endings. In independent verbs, the change takes place in
forms with second person subjects and first person objects (they are starred in the charts
below). In commands, this y  s change happens with all commands except the 2nd
person plural subject with a 3rd person object and ‘let’s’ forms with 3rd person objects
(again, see the starred forms).
In the first four charts everything is quite normal, and the /-y-/ remains itself
throughout. That is because these verbs have 3rd person objects in the first set of charts,
and 3rd person subjects are in the second set of charts.
Independent transitive animate –
Present tense – third person objects: y-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I
give to him/her
numiyô
1 person singular subject
you give to him/her
kumiyô
2nd person singular subject
he/she gives to him/her
miyáw
3rd person singular subject
st
we
(excl.) give to him/her
numiyômun
1 person plural exclusive subject
we (incl.) give to him/her
kumiyômun
1st person plural inclusive subject
you (pl.) give to him/her
kumiyômô
2nd person plural subject
they give to him/her
miyáwak
3rd person plural subject
Nunôhtuyô takôk puqiyuk: I showed him the hatchet in the ashes.
Mô kukayoy papômi wunáhshukamuq kápák: You all spoke to him about the
chimney, which is closed.
Wisayáwak naspi áskot: They scared him with the pumpkin.
Independent transitive animate –
Past tense – third person objects: y-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
I gave to him/her
numiyáp
1st person singular subject
you gave to him/her
kumiyáp
2nd person singular subject
rd
he/she
(obv.) gave to him/her
miyápah
3 person singular subject
he/she gave to him/her
miyáp
3rd person singular subject
we (excl.) gave to him/her
numiyôyanup
1st person plural exclusive subject
we (incl.) gave to him/her
kumiyôyanup
1st person plural inclusive subject
you (pl.) gave to him/her
kumiyôyáwap
2nd person plural subject
rd
they gave to him/her
miyáwápah
3 person plural subject
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 35
Ahuyáp wihsumsah pusok: He called his little brother “wildcat”.
Mayi umsihsah kayoyápah kunicônak mayuni: Mary’s older sister
spoke to your children gently.
Nunôhtuyônanup wusqikansh i kutumuwin: We showed the books to
the teacher.
Independent transitive animate –
Present tense – third person subject forms: y-stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
he/she
gives to me
numiyuq
1 person singular object
he/she gives to you
kumiyuq
2nd person singular object
rd
he/she
(obv.) gives to him/her
miyuq
3 person singular object
he/she gives to us (excl.)
numiyuqun
1st person plural exclusive object
he/she gives to us (incl.)
kumiyuqun
1st person plural inclusive object
he/she gives to you (pl.)
kumiyuquw
2nd person plural object
he/she (obv.) gives to them
miyuqak
3rd person plural object
Ayôp nuwômôyuqun, wipi kuq’shuq: The buck (he) loves us (but not you),
but he fears you.
Ahuyuq noy’hcah Yohkák Psqan: He calls the deer Soft Back.
Mô kumiyuq wiyôkansh wiyôko: He gave you the plates yesterday.
Independent transitive animate –
Past tense – third person subject forms: y-stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
he/she
gave to me
numiyukup
1 person singular object
he/she gave to you
kumiyukup
2nd person singular object
he/she (obv.) gave to him/her
miyupah
3rd person singular object
he/she gave to us (excl.)
numiyuyup
1st person plural exclusive object
st
he/she gave to us (incl.)
kumiyuyup
1 person plural inclusive object
he/she gave to you (pl.)
kumiyuquwap
2nd person plural object
he/she (obv.) gave to them
miyupuyah
3rd person plural object
Nukayupah kuski wôpumus: She left him by the chestnut tree.
Náhtiyá nuqucimôyukup nic: The dog sniffed my hand.
Kutuyuwap ihtôqat papômi áhsup: He told you (plural) a story about a raccoon.
Okay, here is where is starts to get interesting. Where ‘you’ are the subject and
‘I’ am the object (this is singular or plural), the /-y-/ changes to /-s-/. When ‘I’ am the
subject and ‘you’ are the object the /-y-/ remains /-y-/.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 36
Independent transitive animate –
Present tense – 'you and me' forms: y-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
second person singular subject,
you (sg.) give to me
kumisi*
first singular object (2>1)
second person plural subject, first
singular object (22>1)
second person subject, first person
plural object (2>11)
First person singular subject,
second person singular obj. (1>2)
First person singular subject,
second person plural object
(1>22)
first person plural subject, second
person object (11>2)
kumisumô*
you (pl.) give to me
kumisumun*
you give to us
kumiyush
I give to you (sg.)
kumiyuyumô
I give to you (pl.)
kumiyuyumun
we give to you
Katawikuwômôyi mucimi: You are going to love me forever.
Kukayoy papômi Manto: I talk to you about God.
Kutuyuyumun itôqat: We will tell you the story.
Independent transitive animate –
Past tense – 'you and me' forms: y-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
second person singular subject,
you (sg.) gave to me
kumisip*
first singular object (2>1)
second person plural subject, first
singular object (22>1)
second person subject, first person
plural object (2>11)
First person singular subject,
second person singular obj. (1>2)
First person singular subject,
second person plural object
(1>22)
first person plural subject, second
person object (11>2)
kumisumôwáp*
you (pl.) gave to me
kumisuyup*
you gave to us
kumiyuyáp
I gave to you (sg.)
kumiyiwáp
I gave to you (pl.)
kumiyimuyáp
we gave to you
Kuwisayip naspi cits: You scared me with the bird.
Kumômôyuyup áyuwi ôk kitiyayôk: He loved you (plural) more than life.
Kutahuyiwáp “wásuk tá wiyok”: I call you “husband and wife”.
W-Stems
W-stems are those verb stems that end in -aw, as they do in the following chart
highlighting the word stem natskaw-, chase him. The bolded prefixes and suffixes in the
chart show how a word grows to fit the following translations.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 37
Independent transitive animate
third person singular objects, absolute: w-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I
chase him/her
nunatskawô*
1 person singular subject (1>3)
you chase him/her
kunatskawô
2nd person singular subject (2>3)
he/she chases him/her
natskawáw
3rd person singular subject (3>3)
we (excl.) chase him/her
nunatskawômun*
1st person plural excl. subject
(11>3)
st
1 person plural incl. subject
(12>3)
nd
2 person plural subject (22>3)
3rd person plural subject (33>3)
kunatskawômun*
we (incl.) chase him/her
kunatskawômô
natskawáwak
you (pl.) chase him/her
they chase him/her
Nutáyunamawô Akomak wici matôpi: I helped (her) Akômak with the pack
basket.
Kumuyôwáwak skôkah skisho: They smelled (him) the skunk quickly.
Kumuskawô páhpohs piyôkutuk: You found (him) the baby in the blanket.
Independent transitive animate
Past tense – third person singular objects, absolute: w-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
I
chased him/her
nunatskawôp*
1 person singular subject (1>3)
you chased him/her
kunatskawôp
2nd person singular subject (2>3)
he/she chased him/her
natskawáp
3rd person singular subject (3>3)
we (excl.) chased him/her
nunatskawôyanup*
1st person plural excl. subject
(11>3)
1st person plural incl. subject
(12>3)
nd
2 person plural subject (22>3)
3rd person plural subject (33>3)
kunatskawôyanup*
we (incl.) chased him/her
kunatskawuyáwap
natskawawápah
you (pl.) chased him/her
they chased him/her
Nutáhqôhtamôp wuci nushát: I forgave him for withdrawing.
Sáp ôcimohkawôp Akômak nukônôcimuwôk: Yesterday he told (her) Akômak old
news.
Kuputawôyanup yupáqut: We heard him crying.
The -aw ending contracts with the usually following -u to make a word where the
ending now starts with ô. For example, when you want to change natskawaw ‘he chases
him’ to ‘he chases you’ the -aw- is contracted into -ô- before the regular -q ending is put
on. The resulting word is: natskôq. The contraction aw  ô occurs when there is a
second person object. These forms are starred.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 38
Independent transitive animate – Present tense
third person subject (inverse) forms: w-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
he/she chases me
nunatskawuq
1st person singular object (3>1)
he/she chases you
kunatskôq*
2nd person singular object (3>2)
he/she chases him/her
natskawuqah
3rd person singular object (3'>3)
he/she chases us (excl.)
nunatskawuqun
1st person plural excl. object
(3>11)
st
1 person plural inclusive object
(3>12)
nd
2 person plural object (3>22)
3rd person plural object (3>33)
kunatskawuqun
he/she chases us (incl.)
kunatskôquw*
natskawuqakah
he/she chases you (pl.)
he/she chases them
Natskôqakah ciwi nuqutuqunakat: He chases (them) for nearly one day.
Mutôm nunakuskawuq k’hpâk: He never meets me in the forest.
Kupásawawuqun i cáq: He brings us (incl.) to the swamp.
The following chart includes the past tense for the w-stem words. The
same contraction is present when you are the object. And the past tense marker
-up is the last prefix on the word except when an obviative is in play, and then
the obviative marker
-ah is the final suffix.
Independent transitive animate – Past tense
third person subject (inverse) forms: w-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
he/she
chased me
nunatskawuqup
1 person singular object (3>1)
he/she chased you
kunatskôqáp*
2nd person singular object (3>2)
he/she chased him/her
natskawupah
3rd person singular object (3'>3)
st
he/she
chased us (excl.)
nunatskawuqunup
1 person plural excl. object
(3>11)
st
1 person plural inclusive object
(3>12)
nd
2 person plural object (3>22)
3rd person plural object (3>33)
kunatskawuqunup
he/she chased us (incl.)
kunatskôquwap*
natskawuqupunah
he/she chased you (pl.)
he/she chased them
Nutáhqôhtamawuqup nikôni, wipi mutu nahahtôwi: He
forgave me the first, but not the second.
Kihtôqáp ôcimut macush pupon: He listened to you when you
told stories to him last winter.
Putawuqupunah qáqiqihshôtak macush tápqá: He heard the
crickets last night.
Different forms appear when the subject and object are you and me. We
have seen this before in other types of stems. The w-stem words are unique
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 39
only in the starred forms where the -awu- are contracted into -ô-. This is when
you are the subject and I (singular or plural) is the object.
Independent transitive animate – Present tense
'you and me' forms: w-stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
second person singular subject,
you (sg.) chase me
kunatskawi*
first singular object (2>1)
second person plural subject, first
singular object (22>1)
second person subject, first person
plural object (2>11)
First person singular subject,
second person singular object
(1>2)
First person singular subject,
second person plural object
(1>22)
first person plural subject, second
person object (11>2)
kunatskawumô*
you (pl.) chase me
kunatskawumu*
you chase us
kunatskôsh
I chase you (sg.)
kunatskôyumô
I chase you (pl.)
kunatskôyumun
we chase you
Kutáhqôhtamôsh wánôhtaman qôpáyuwôk: I forgive you that
you forgot the time.
Kum’skawumo wuták mihtuq: You found me behind the tree.
Mus kunak’skôyumun ‘cukánuk: We will meet you on the
farm.
As before the form is like the present tense with the past tense marker
added on the end.
Independent transitive animate – Past tense
'you and me' forms: w-stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
second person singular subject,
you
(sg.) chased me
kunatskawip*
first singular object (2>1)
second person plural subject, first
singular object (22>1)
second person subject, first person
plural object (2>11)
First person singular subject,
second person singular object
(1>2)
First person singular subject,
second person plural object
(1>22)
first person plural subject, second
person object (11>2)
kunatskawumôp*
you (pl.) chased me
kunatskawumup*
you chased us
kunatskônáp
I chased you (sg.)
kunatskôyumôp
I chased you (pl.)
kunatskôyumunáp
we chased you
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 40
Kuwicônáp i nihtokamuq kuwuskinumun: I went to school
with you when we were young.
Kuwômôyôyumôp wámi: I loved you all.
Kutáyunamawumôp wástawáq nikun: You (pl) helped us to
build our house.
Passive Verbs
This chart shows how to build a passive verb. This is where the person
who is acted upon is the subject, and the person doing the acting is unknown.
So instead of saying “Bob hit Tom,” we take Bob out of the picture and say,
“Tom is hit.” The action and the object of the action from the first sentence are
still there, but the person doing the action has been removed. The sentence is no
longer active, but passive.
Independent transitive animate
passive forms
Person
Mohegan forms
st
nutakamuc
1 person singular object
nd
kutakamuc
2 person singular
rd
takamôw
3 person singular
nutakamucámun
1st person plural excl.
kutakamucámun
1st person plural incl.
nd
kutakamucámô
2 person plural
rd
takamôwak
3 person plural
Translation
I was struck
you were struck
he/she was struck
we (excl.) were struck
we (incl.) were struck
you (pl.) were struck
they were struck
Nukihtawuc uy nukikátohká: I am listened to as I talk.
Natotumôw papômi takôk: He is questioned about the hatchet.
Kutahuyucámun Muks Skitôpák: We are called the Wolf
People.
Commands
In English we say that someone gives a command when he or she tells someone to
do something. Often parents teach their children through commands:
Clean your room.
Give me that.
Sit down and be quiet.
If you will notice there is no subject in any of these sentences…”you” is
understood as the subject. It seems to be the same with Mohegan. The command is
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 41
contained within the verb, but the distinction is at the end of the word. That distinct part
of the verb shows who is being talked to.
In the charts, the first form shown is the 2nd person. To refresh: the person who
the speaker is talking to is called the 2nd person. This is the most common form of the
commands. The next is 1st person and the 2nd person. Here the speaker is saying: “Let’s
you and I do something!” You’ll notice there is no 1st person singular command. Even
someone is commanding himself, he does it as an outside entity and commands himself,
“Let us do it!”
Let’s go swimming.
Let’s eat.
Let’s push the car out of the mud.
The last form of the word is a 3rd person command. The speaker is telling one or
more second persons to allow a third person or persons to do something.
Let the soldiers go through the crowd.
Let the woman return home.
Let the horse drink.
The first charts are going to show how to build commands with VAI
words, that is, verbs that are animate and intransitive. To make it more
interesting there are different endings depending on how a stem ends. If it ends
with an /-i-/, /-á-/ or /-ô-/ it is a long vowel stem. The other option includes the
words ending in /-u-/. First come the long vowel stems.
Commands:
animate intransitive –á-, -i-, -o-, -ô- stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular command
let me breathe!
yáhsháti?
breathe! (singular)
yáhshásh
2nd person singular command
breathe! (plural)
yáhsháq
2nd person plural command
let's breathe!
yáhshátuk
1st person plural inclusive
command
3rd person singular command
3rd person plural command
yáhshác
yáhsháhutuc
let him breathe!
let them breathe!
Acátuk: Let’s hunt!
Iwáq cáqan côhtaman: Say what you want!
Mômôcic: Let her be moved!
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 42
The next chart shows how to build VAI command words when the stem ends with
/-u/. For example, the word below ‘sit’ has as a stem: apu-. The endings are the same as
above, however, in the 2nd person singular command the /-u/ disappears and /-sh/ is
added. The /-u/ stays in the other forms. Contractions, where /-u/ disappears, take place
in this form only after /-p/, /-w/, and /-k/.
Commands:
animate intransitive -u- stem
Person
Mohegan forms
1st person singular command
aputi
nd
apsh
2 person singular command
apuq
2nd person plural command
aputuk
1st person plural inclusive
Translation
let me sit!
sit! (singular)
sit! (plural)
let's sit!
command
3rd person singular command
3rd person plural command
apuc
ap’hutuc
let him sit!
let them sit!
Apuq qáh ciqunapuq: Sit down and be quiet!
Aposh wiwáhcumunsh kipi; nuyôtum! : Cook the corn quickly; I am
hungry!
Nuskinôqusôhutuc; nunicônak côci pôhpuwak: Let them get dirty;
children must play.
This chart has commands with 1st and 3rd person animate objects. The subject, as
for other commands remains primarily the listener or 2nd person. There is also the 1st and
2nd person inclusive form, which translates as “Let’s do…to him/us.” The third person
subject working on a third person object translates, “Let him do … to him.” This can get
a bit confusing, so watch who is doing what to whom.
Please note that the 2nd person singular form with a third person object is just the
stem for several of the charts. It has no prefix or suffix.
Person
1st person singular command
Second person singular subject,
first person object (2>1)
Second person plural subject, first
person singular obj. (22>1)
Second person singular subject,
third person object (2>3(3))
Second person plural subject,
third person object (22>3)
Second person subject, first
person plural excl. object (2>11)
Commands:
animate transitive
Mohegan forms
Translation
takamum
strike me (singular addressee)
takamiq
strike me (plural addressee)
takam
takamohq
strike him/her (singular
addressee)
strike him (plural addressee)
takamunán
strike us
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 43
First person plural subject, third
person object (12>3)
Third person singular subject,
third person object (3>3)
Third person plural subject, third
person object (33>3)
takamôtuk
let's strike him
takamôc
let him strike him
takamôhutuc
let them strike him
Natawahôtuk kohshun nikuk: Let’s visit (him) our father at my home.
Pon páhpohs piyôkutuk: Put (her) the baby on the blanket.
Pôhpunán tá naspi kupôhpaskôkanun: Play with us and our ball.
Person
Commands:
animate transitive - negative
Mohegan forms
1st person singular command
Second person singular subject,
first person object (2>1)
Second person plural subject, first
person singular obj. (22>1)
Second person singular subject,
third person object (2>3(3))
Second person plural subject,
third person object (22>3)
Second person subject, first
person plural excl. object (2>11)
First person plural subject, third
person object (12>3)
Third person singular subject,
third person object (3>3)
Third person plural subject, third
person object (33>3)
Translation
takamum
***
strike me (singular addressee)
takamiq
strike me (plural addressee)
takam
takamohq
strike him/her (singular
addressee)
strike him (plural addressee)
takamunán
strike us
takamôtuk
let's strike him
takamôc
let him strike him
takamôhutuc
let them strike him
This is a very similar chart except it is for stems that end in /-w/. Please notice
that the 2nd person singular form with a third person object is just the stem for this chart
and the previous chart. It has no prefix or suffix.
Command:
animate transitive w-stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Second person singular subject,
kihtawush
first person object (2>1)
Second person plural subject, first
person singular object
(22>1)
Second person singular subject,
third person object (2>3)
Second person plural subject,
third person object (22>3)
kihtawiq
kihtaw
kihtôhq*
Translation
listen to me (addressed to one
person)
listen to me (addressed to more
than one person)
listen to him/her (addressed to
one person)
listen to him (addressed to more
than one person)
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 44
First person plural subject, third
person object (12>3)
Second person subject, first
person plural exclusive obj.
(2>11)
kihtawôtuk
let's listen to him
kihtawunán
listen to us
Ayunamawiq! Nitay ponamoq: Help me, you-all! Put it there.
Putaw! Kukotumuq: Listen to him! He teaches you.
Qucimôyôtuk! Páhkisuw: Smell him! He is clean.
Again, commands are sentences where the speaker (1st person) is asking you (2nd
person) to do something. It can also be when the speaker is asking others to join in the
doing. In commands the practice is to change the /-y-/ to /-s-/ whenever the subject is
singular. However, when the subject becomes plural, the /-y-/ remains /-y-/. Starred
forms highlight the change.
Command:
animate transitive y-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
Second person singular subject,
give to me (singular addressee)
misum*
first person object (2>1)
Second person singular subject,
third person object (2>3, 33)
Second person plural subject, first
person singular object (22>1)
Second person plural subject,
third person object (22>3, 33)
First person plural subject, third
person object (12>3)
Second person subject, first
person plural excl. object (2>11)
misiq*
give to him/her (singular
addressee)
give to me (plural addressee)
miyohq
give to him/her (plural addressee)
miyôtuk
let's give to him
misunán*
give to us
mis*
Wikuwak? Qucimôyohq aponahak: Are they good? Smell the oysters.
Uy, “Kuwômôyush.” : Tell her, “I love you.”
Miyôtuk shwi piyámáqak: Let’s give to him three fish.
This chart is for the endings are /-m/ and /-n/. Nothing fancy needs to go here,
just add the endings to the stem as they are listed in bold below.
Commands:
inanimate transitive -m/n-Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
nd
takatamsh
2 person singular command
Translation
strike it! (singular)
(2>0)
2nd person plural command
(22>0)
takatamoq
strike it (plural = strike it,
y'all!)
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 45
1st person plural incl.
command (12>0)
takatamutuk
let's strike it
3rd person singular command
(3>0)
rd
3 person plural command
(33>0)
takatamac
let him strike it
takatamohutuc
let them strike it
Pumôtamoq kupimôtamuwôk nayawi: Live (it) life freely.
Qutamac wáci kôkicáta: Let him swallow in order that he may be healthy.
Wátsumsh mayuni, wáci-wihpqak: Roast it slowly, so that it tastes good.
These commands are again TI verbs: an action takes place on an inanimate object.
These verb stems end in /-o-/. In a command the /-o-/ changes to /-aw-/ and then the
bolded suffixes are added. Please be careful not to mix this up with pataw-, which
means bring it to him and is a TA verb. The endings for TA commands are quite
different.
Commands:
inanimate transitive -o-Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
bring it (singular addressee)
pátawush
2nd person singular command
(2>0)
nd
2 person plural command
(22>0)
st
1 person plural incl. command
(12>0)
rd
3 person singular command
(3>0)
rd
3 person plural command
(33>0)
pátawoq
bring it (plural addressee)
pátawutuk
let's bring it
pátawuc
let him bring it
pátawhutuc
let them bring it
Áhqi kotunihtawoq wiksapákatôk, kotunihtawoq sát: Don’t
increase the sweetness, add salt.
Kacihtawhutuc wuyôhkpuwôk: Let them finish dinner.
Tômwihtawush uyôtowáwôk: Save the language.
The Conjunct Paradigm
As was said at the beginning of the verb section a sentence can have two parts.
An independent clause and
A dependent clause, which is optional.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 46
A dependent clause is a part of a larger sentence. The clause is only meaningful
in relation to the rest of the sentence. In Mohegan grammar verbs that are in a dependent
clause are said to be in the conjunct. The dependent clauses in the following sentences
are underlined.
The girl ran into the house and shouted, “The bear that came into our yard
before has come back!”
When the girl ran into the house, the bear was right behind her.
The bear, who just wanted to play, bounded onto the porch.
The verbs in italics in the dependent clauses would be translated into the
Mohegan conjunct.
Conjunct verbs have the same numbers of persons for each verb, but,
you will notice, they don’t have prefixes, only suffixes. So all the person
information is at the end of the word. Yáhshá- ‘breathe’ is typical stem for an
AI verb that takes on normal conjunct forms.
Person
1st person singular
Conjunct verbs:
animate intransitive
Mohegan forms
yáhsháyôn
Translation
that I breathe
2nd person singular
yáhsháyan
3rd person singular
2nd person plural
yáhshát
yáhsháyak
yáhsháyáq
3rd person plural
yáhsháhutut
that you (more than one)
breathe
that they breathe
3rd person plural participle
indefinite subject
yáhshácik
yáhshámuk
that someone breathes
1st person plural (incl. & excl)
that you breathe
.
that he/she breathes
that we breathe
those who breathe
Kut'huyômun pásuq ôyawi páhkisut: We call him the one who
is very clean.
Mô yáyuw maci ákacuyôn: It was so bad that I am ashamed.
Nutuyuqun ihtôqatash mátapuyak taspowôkanuk: He tells
stories to us when (we) sit at the table.
Côci kiyaw wikuq wôk, ôtay mus nápuyan kutap mantuwuk:
You must be good too, then when you die you will rest in
heaven. FF
When in the conjunct form if the first vowel of the word is a short
vowel, that is, /a/ or /u/, it changes to a long /á/.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 47
Again the transitive verbs with inanimate objects take on nothing but a
suffix. The suffix tells who is performing the action. As with other forms of
the TI verbs these endings come in the three types according to how the stems
end. The first chart is for building words in which the stem ends in /-m-/ or
/-n-/.
1st person singular
Conjunct verbs:
transitive inanimate – -m/n-Stem
Mohegan forms
tákatamôn
2nd person singular
tákataman
that you strike it
3rd person singular
tákatak
that he/she strikes it
1st person plural
tákatamak
that we strike it
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
tákatamáq
tákatamhutut
that you (more than one) strike it
3rd person plural participle
tákatakik
those who strike it
Indefinite subject (passive)
tákatamuk
that someone strikes it, it is struck
Person
Translation
that I strike it
that they strike it
Patáhqáhamôk uy makáyuw mus pátamhutut aspumi sâp:
The thunder is so great that they will hear it still tomorrow.
Uy nukumat awáhkôman wámi kisk: It is so easy that you use
it every day.
Sôcum sháyumáw ôkhukik: The sachem hates those who cover
it.
As with other forms of the TI verbs these endings come in the three
types according to how the stems end. The second chart is for building words in
which the stem ends in /-o-/.
Conjunct verbs:
transitive inanimate – long-vowel stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
st
that I bring it
pátoyôn
1 person singular
that you bring it
pátoyan
2nd person singular
rd
that
he/she brings it
pátôk
3 person singular
that we bring it
pátoyak
1st person plural
that you (more than one) bring it
pátoyáq
2nd person plural
that they bring it
pátow’hutut
3rd person plural
those who bring it
pátôkik
3rd person plural participle
Indefinite subject (passive)
that
someone
brings it, that it is
pátomuk
brought
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 48
Apuw sqôtuk paci kacihtomuk : He waits at the door until it is
finished.
Pahkacihtaw’hutuc wuyôkpuwôk waci-páhkitoyan taspowôk:
Let them finish (it) dinner so that we may clean (it) the table.
Kutayakunum wutqun waci-tômwihtomuk: You paint the
wood that it is preserved.
The transitive verbs with inanimate objects take on nothing but a suffix.
The suffix tells who is performing the action. As with other forms of the TI
verbs these endings come in the three types according to how the stems end.
This final chart is for building words in which the stem ends in /-u-/.
Conjunct verbs:
transitive inanimate – short-vowel Stem
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
that I eat it
micuwôn
1st person singular
nd
that
you eat it
micuwan
2 person singular
that he/she eats it
micuk
3rd person singular
that we eat it
micuwak
1st person plural
that you (more than one) eat it
micuwáq
2nd person plural
that they eat it
mic’hutut
3rd person plural
rd
they
who eat it
micukik
3 person plural participle
Indefinite subject (passive)
that someone eats it, that it is
micumuk
eaten
Nutôkosumun micumuk: We pray that someone eats it.
Nuwômôhtam micuwan numicuwôk: I love that you eat (it) my
food.
Aposuw sôht putukunik wikimicuk: He baked blueberry bread
that she liked to eat.
Conjunct Transitive Animate Verbs
Transitive animate verbs can be found in either the independent part of
the sentence or in the dependent clause. In the conjunct because all of the
information about who is doing the action is in the ending, it is an easier form to
remember.
If you look comparatively at the conjunct charts you will only see minor
changes in the suffixes. When the stem ends in a vowel the suffix begins with
a consonant. When the stem ends in a consonant, the suffix begins with a
vowel. The first of the next set of charts shows how the transitive animate
conjunct is built when it has a third person object.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 49
Conjunct transitive animate –
third person objects
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular subject (1>3)
that I strike him/her
tákamak
2nd person singular subject (2>3)
that you strike him/her
tákamat
3rd person singular subject (3>3)
that he/she strikes him/her
tákamôt
1st person plural subject
that we strike him/her
tákamakut
(11/12>3)
2nd person plural subject (22>3)
3rd person plural subject (33>3)
3rd person plural subject (33>3),
participle
tákamáq
tákamáhutut
tákamôcik
that you (pl.) strike him/her
that they strike him/her
those who strike him/her
Nunatskawáw tuqsáhs mohak: I chase the rabbit that I might eat him.
Ayôp nusihs náhshôt musháyuw: The buck that my uncle killed was big.
Nunáwôwak mukacuksak mô táhqunáhutut citsah: I see (them) the
boys that caught the bird.
This chart is how you build a transitive animate verb when the subject is the 3rd
person. In other words this is just the opposite of the chart above where the object is the
3rd person. Now it’s the 3rd person who gets to act.
Conjunct transitive animate –
inverse forms
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
that he/she strikes me
tákamuqiyôn
1st person singular object (3>1)
nd
that
he/she strikes you
tákamuqiyan
2 person singular object (3>2)
that he/she (obv.) strikes him/her
tákamuqut
3rd person singular object (3'>3)
1st person plural object (3>11/12)
that he/she strikes us
tákamuqiyak
that he/she strikes you (pl.)
tákamuqiyáq
2nd person plural object (3>22)
1st person plural object
those who strike us
tákamuqiyakuk
(33>11/12), participle
Kotumcá sqáhsihsah ôcimohkawuqiyôn ihtôqat: She teaches the girl
that told me the story.
Yôhtum kucusumuqut skôk wuyi: She thinks that she cleaned (him) the
skunk well.
Nuwahô skitôp áyasunuqiyak i áhsit: I know the person that leads us to
the river.
Same transitive animate verbs in the conjunct only this time the subject and
objects are you and me.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 50
Conjunct transitive animate –
'you and me' forms
Person
Mohegan forms
second person singular subject,
tákamiyan
first singular object (2>1)
second person plural subject, first
singular object (22>1)
second person subject, first person
plural object (2>11)
First person singular subject,
second person singular object
(1>2)
First person singular subject,
second person plural object
(1>22)
first person plural subject, second
person object (11>2)
Translation
that you (sg.) strike me
tákamiyáq
that you (pl.) strike me
tákamiyak
that you strike us
tákamuyôn
that I strike you (sg.)
tákamuyáq
that I strike you (pl.)
tákamuyak
that we strike you
Nuwihqitumawô wicáwuyáq i mutákôwôk: I asked that you accompany
me to the dance.
Wikôtam wihkumuyak: He likes that we summoned you.
Mutu wikun wisuyôn: It is not good that I hurt you.
Y-stem transitive animate verbs when used in a dependent clause have the same
ys change as in other forms of the verb. When you are the subject and I am the object
the /-y-/ at the end of the stem turns to /-s-/. /-y-/ remains the same when I am the subject
and you are the object. When we have the ys change the /s/ sounds like the /s/ at the
end of the word dogs.
Conjunct transitive animate –
'you and me' forms, y-stems
Person
Mohegan forms
second person singular subject,
misiyan
first singular object (2>1)
second person plural subject, first
singular object (22>1)
second person subject, first person
plural object (2>11)
First person singular subject,
second person singular object
(1>2)
First person singular subject,
second person plural object
(1>22)
first person plural subject, second
person object (11>2)
Translation
that you (sg.) give to me
misiyáq
that you (pl.) give to me
misiyak
that you give to us
miyuyôn
that I give to you (sg.)
miyuyáq
that I give to you (pl.)
miyuyak
that we give to you
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 51
Wáhtôw áhusiyan Nutáh Wiksapákat: He knows that you call
me My Sweet Heart.
Mô iwá wisayuyôn? : Did he say that I scared you?
A passive sentence shows itself when the person who is the receiver of
the action becomes the subject and the original subject (or the person who does
the action) disappears altogether or is tacked on the end of the sentence with the
word ‘by’. This can happen in an independent sentence or in a dependent
clause. The following chart shows how the verb must be built for a passive
sentence.
Conjunct transitive animate –
passive forms
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular passive
that
I am struck
tákamucôn
2nd person singular passive
that you are struck
tákamucan
3rd person passive
that
he
is struck, that they are
tákamut
3rd person singular passive
participle
1st person plural passive
2nd person plural passive
3rd person plural passive
participle
tákamut
struck
he who is struck
tákamucak
tákamucáq
tákamucik
that we are struck
that you (pl.) are struck
they who are are struck
Kisi mô wáhtôw awáyáhsak áhsamucik, katawi kawi: After
she knew that the animals (they) were fed, she went to sleep.
Nuputamumun winu cáhsháyumut in: We heard that he is an
extremely hated man.
Kuwáhto mô pásawucôn yotay qá nákayucôn: You know that
I was brought here and left.
Questions
When questions are asked two things usually happen. One is that an
interrogative word such as who, what, when, where or how starts the sentence.
The second thing is that the suffix -ás needs to go on the end of the primary
verb of the sentence. Sometimes the -ás is all that is needed. For example, if
you wanted to ask if the food your son was eating tastes good you might say:
wihpqatás? Wihpqat means it tastes good; wihpqatás means Does it taste
good?
The interrogative words are:
Who – awán
How – tôn
What – cáqan
How much, many – cáhsuw (animate)
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 52
When – cimak
Where – cáhak
Why – t’wuci
How much, many – cáhshi (inanimate)
Is it – sun
Isn’t it – sunamutu
Awán swukanumás wusqik? Who threw the book?
Cáqan wustawáwás? What did she make for him?
T’wuci ponamás nitay? Why did he put it there?
If the root word ends in a vowel a glide (either -w- or -y-) must be
inserted between the root and the suffix -ás. The roots ending in -a-. -á-. -o-, ô- and -u- would be followed by -w-, while those roots ending in -i- would be
followed by a -y-.
Cáhsuw municônak piyôwás sáp? How many children came
yesterday?
Cáhak wápáyuwás? Where is it windy?
Cimak suqiyas? When did he come in?
The Wishing Mode…I wish to…
The sentiment of the verb phrase I wish to is shown instead as the adverb
-tuh, which is affixed to the end of a verb after all its other prefixes and suffixes
are in their proper places. It seems only I can do the wishing.
Ciqunapuwtuh: I wish she were sitting still.
Siwôpayuwtuh : I wish it were blue.
Numihkunuqtuh: I wish he would hold me.
The Supposing Mode…If….
If your sentence starts with if, or if it has if in the middle, then the phrase
containing the if is called the Suppositive mode or the Supposing mode. It
comes in two flavors: present and past. Please realize that supposing phrases are
dependent clauses, but they are not put in the conjunct. Also note that the
normal initial prefixes are left off.
When the singular and plural are the same, you can distinguish between
them by adding ni and niyawun for first person singular (I) or plural (we).
Distinguish between you singular or plural with ki and kiyaw. And likewise
distinguish between him and them with nákum and nákumôw.
If the root word ends in a vowel, a glide (either -w- or -y-) must be
inserted between the root and the suffix. The roots ending in -a-. -á-. -o-, -ô-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 53
and -u- would be followed by -w-, while those roots ending in -i- would be
followed by a -y-.
Supposing Mode – 1st Person Singular Subject
Present Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
2nd person singular object
if I strike you
takamunô
3rd person singular object
if I strike him
takamáq
2nd person plural object
if
I strike you all
takamunáq
3rd person plural object
if I strike them
takamuwák
Tákamunô, mus kunup: If I strike you, you will die.
Áhqôhtamaw, mus kuwiyayuw: If I forgive him, you will be
happy.
Witkámuwák, mus cunáyuw: If I dance with them, he will go
crazy.
This continues the supposing mode only in the past tense. The dependent
clause that contains this mode in the past tense, usually is connected to the
independent clause with the word wáh which is a word of possibility and can
mean may, can or would. Just as the present tense if in the dependent clause is
tied to the independent clause with the word mus, which means will, and is a
future marker.
Supposing Mode – 1st Person Singular Subject
Past Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
2nd person singular object
if I struck you
takamunás
3rd person singular object
if
I struck him
takamáqus
2nd person plural object
if I struck you all
takamunáqus
3rd person plural object
if I struck them
takamuwáqus
Áhsamunás, wáh mutu kuyôtum: If I fed you, you would not be
hungry.
Yumwaháqus wuci cáqansh wikimicuk, wáh sipsun tá kawi: If
I filled him with things he liked to eat, he would lie down and
sleep.
Kayoyuwáqus mayuni, wáh tohkik wihcot: If I spoke to them
gently, they would wake up smiling.
Supposing Mode – 1st Person Plural Subject
Present Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
2nd person singular object
if we strike you
takamunáq
3rd person singular object
if we strike him
takamáhkut
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 54
2nd person plural object
3rd person plural object
takamunáq
takamáhkut
if we strike you all
if we strike them
Natawahunáq, mus nunámumun kôkicáyan: If we visit you,
we will see that you are well.
Cupwutonapáhkut, ôhqamamuwôk mus môci: If we kiss him,
the pain will go away.
Kotumunáq, mus kuwáhto máy: If we teach you, you will know
the way.
Supposing Mode – 1st Person Plural Subject
Past Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
2nd person singular object
if
we struck you
takamunáhqus
3rd person singular object
if we struck him
takamunáhkutus
2nd person plural object
if
we struck you all
takamunáhqus
3rd person plural object
if we struck them
takamunáhkutus
Wihkumunáqus, wáh kutayumô sayakatuwôkanuk: If we
summoned you all, you would be in trouble.
Wacônunáhkutus, wáh mutu putuki: If we kept him, he
wouldn’t return.
Áyunamawunáhkutus, wáh kipi kukacihtomun: If we helped
them, we would quickly finish it.
Supposing Mode – 2nd Person Singular Subject
Present Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular object
if you strike me
takamiyan
3rd person singular object
if you strike him
takamáht
1st person plural object
if you strike us
takamiyáq
3rd person plural object
if you strike them
takamáht
Ôcimohkawiyan, mus nukawi: If you tell me a story, I will sleep.
Kayoyáht, mus kukihtamuq: If you talk to him, he will listen to
you.
Áhsamáht, husihsak mus mihkikuwak: If you care for them, the
horses will be strong.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 55
Supposing Mode – 2nd Person Singular Subject
Past Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular object
if you struck me
takamunás
3rd person singular object
if you struck him
takamáqus
1st person plural object
if you struck us
takamunáqus
3rd person plural object
if you struck them
takamáqus
Kinuwáwunás, nusitash wáh mutu wutukáyush: If you carried
me, my feet would not be wet.
Táhqunáqus, wáh mutu kumihkunô: If you caught him, you would
not hold him.
Moháqus nis piyámáqak, wáh kumihkikuw: If you ate two fish,
you would be strong.
Supposing Mode – 2nd Person Plural Subject
Present Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular object
if
you all strike me
takamiyak
3rd person singular object
if you all strike him
takamák
1st person plural object
if you all strike us
takamiyák
3rd person plural object
if
you all strike them
takamák
Nakuskawák, mus kuwikôtamôwun: If you meet him, you will
like him.
Páhiyák, mus muyáyi tápi kutômun: If you wait for us, we can
go together.
Muyôwak skôkak, mawiputaqiq: If you smell (them) skunks, go
and hide!
Supposing Mode – 2nd Person Plural Subject
Past Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular object
if you all struck me
takamiyáhtus
3rd person singular object
if
you all struck him
takamáhkus
1st person plural object
if you all struck us
takamiyákus
3rd person plural object
if
you all struck them
takamáhkus
Natáwôpamáyáhtus, wáh kunámumô nupitkôs: If you all looked
at me, you would have seen my dress.
Pásawiyákus, wáh mutu nusôhsunimun uy: If you had brought
us home, we would not be so tired.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 56
Mutu sháyumáhkus, wáh kot’hkimun wámi uy wikuyak
kucôcitámun: If you did not hate them, we would live all as
good neighbors.
Supposing Mode – 3rd Person Singular Subject
Present Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular object
if he strikes me
takamut
2nd person singular object
if he strikes you
takamuqiyan
3rd person singular object
if
he strikes him
tákamôt
1st person plural object
if he strikes us
takamuqiyáq
2nd person singular object
if
he
strikes you all
takamuqiyáq
3rd person plural object
if he strikes them
takamáhutut
Aniyuhamut, mus mohci sôhká: If he gains on me, he will
surely win.
Squswáwôt noy’hc, wámi tápi kumicumun: If he cuts (him) the
deer into pieces, we all can eat.
Pátawuqiyáq, mus kuqináwusumun mucáq: If he brings it to
you, you will need nothing.
Supposing Mode – 3rd Person Singular Subject
Past Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular object
if he struck me
takamus
2nd person singular object
if
he struck you
takamuqiyas
3rd person singular object
if he struck him
tákamás
1st person plural object
if he struck us
takamuqiyáqus
2nd person singular object
if
he
struck you all
takamuqiyákus
3rd person plural object
if he struck them
takamás
Wisus, wáh mutu nukikátohká yôpi: If he hurt me, I would not
speak to him again.
Kihcapunás ayumihs, ayum wáh cikiyô. Wipi mayun: If he
tormented the puppy, the dog would be violent. But he is gentle.
Wômôyuqiyákus, wôcak wômôsuwak: If he loves you all,
everyone will be kind.
Supposing Mode – 3rd Person Plural Subject
Present Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular object
if
they strike me
takamhutut
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 57
2nd person singular object
3rd person singular object
1st person plural object
2nd person singular object
3rd person plural object
takamuqiyan
takamukahutut
takamuqiyák
takamuqiyák
takamáhutut
if they strike you
if they strike him
if they strike us
if they strike you all
if they strike them
Ahuyuqiyan “Piwi” iyo, kuwisuwôk mus iyaki “Piwi”
mucimi: If they call you “Little” now, your name will be “Little”
forever.
Wômôyukahutut, mus isuk naquti: If they love you, they will be
thus always.
Natskawahutut papômi, wámi mus pasksháhsan
hahanuhutut: If they chase them around, they will all fall down
laughing.
Supposing Mode – 3rd Person Plural Subject
Past Tense – Transitive Animate
Person
Mohegan forms
Translation
1st person singular object
if they struck me
takamihutus
2nd person singular object
if they struck you
takamuqiyas
3rd person singular object
if
they struck him
takamahitus
1st person plural object
if they struck us
takamuqiyáhkus
2nd person singular object
if they struck you all
takamuqiyáhkus
3rd person plural object
if they struck them
takamahutus
Muskawuqiyas taspowôkanuk, côci kutáhsamuqak: If they
found you at the table, they must feed you.
Áhqôhtamawahitus, wáh kicák: If they forgave him, they would
feel better.
Wôkumuqiyáhkus wámi, wáh iwômuw kutayumun wámi nuqut
cáhsháyuwôk: If they embraced us all, it would mean we are all
one family.
Adverbs
Adverbs are words that qualify or describe a verb. They are
immediately followed by the verb they describe. Sometimes they are full and
independent words and sometimes they are in the form of prefixes that are
affixed to the beginning of a word.
pôhsqá-, it is noon
Ciwi pôhsqá, pahkaci numic nutináy sômi yôtumôn: Nearly noon, I already
ate my dinner because I was hungry.FF
ciwi, nearly, almost
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 58
iyo, now
aqu-, he is clothed, dressed
aquwak, they are dressed
Iyo aquwak kukucohkônunônak: Our dolls are dressed now.
máqamtunayo, westward
pumshá-, travel
Occum máqamtunayo pumsháw i Ônayta: Occum traveled westward to
Oneida.
When an adverbial prefix is added to a word, it is added directly to the root
word. Other prefixes are attached after the adverb.
wiki-, likes to
moh-, he eats him
Nuwikimohô piyámáq: I like to eat fish.
wáci-, so that
wuyôkpwu-, he eats dinner
wuyôkpwuyak, we
eat dinner
Côci kutayunumawumô micuwôk mákunumôn, wáciwuyôkpwuyak:
You (all) should help me pick food, so that we can have supper.
mihki-, he is strong
-nôqusuw
Piwiyôn, ôk nutayimihkinôqusuw: When I was little, I was stronger than it
seeed.
ayi-, better, more
Prepositions
Prepositions act pretty much like they do in English. They come
primarily before the noun that they say something about. They locate the noun
or pronoun to the rest of the sentence in space or time. The most often used
prepositions are in, on, and at. In Mohegan these prepositions are marked with
only one syllable…-uk…which is put at the end of the noun or pronoun. This is
called the locative mode. If you want to say:
The water is on the leaf, you would say: Nupi áhta wunipaquk.
The fish is in his mouth, you would say: Piyámaq wutonuk.
He is at the river, you could say: Apuw áhsituk.
or you could say: sipok which brings us to a bit of an exception.
If a noun ends in a vowel you just add /-k/.
So if you are in the water, you say nupik; nupi + k, or
if the flea is on the dog, you say náhtiyák; náhtiyá + k
If the noun or pronoun you are referring to happens to be plural, we would leave
off the pluralization and just add the -uk.
Here is a list of other prepositions available in Mohegan:
akômuk, PREP across, across water, on the other side
aqi, PREP like, similar to
aqu, PREP under
ayômi, PREP inside (of), in
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 59
áyaqáhtuk, PREP in front of something
áyaqapi, PREP in front of someone
i, PREP to
kinuki, PREP among
kuski, PREP near, by, next to
naspi, PREP by, with (as an instrument)
oc, PREP from the origin (this is not often used and it is also used as an
initial that would mean the same thing, such as the word ocituwôk, which
means ancestor.
papaspi, PREP through
papômi, PREP about, around, concerning
qaci, PREP outside (of), outdoors
qipi, PREP round about; all around
waskici, PREP on top of, over, above, upon
wápisi, PREP above (animate?)
wáwápi, PREP above, high up, upward
wici, PREP with, along with (in the sense of accompaniment or along with
(not as for an instrument)
wihqi, PREP as far as
wuci, PREP from, of, for
wuták, PREP behind, in the back of
yaqi, PREP towards, to
yáyôwi, PREP among, in the middle of
yuwi, PREP between, in the middle
There is also the word áyaqapi for in front of someone, which is different than
áyaqáhtuk which means in front of it. Áyaqapi is inflected like a verb, as seen here:
áyaqapi, PREP in front of someone
in front of me áyaqapih,
in front of you sg áyaqapiyan,
in front of her/him áyaqapi,
in front of us áyaqapih,
in front of you pl áyaqapiyak,
in front of them áyaqaphutut
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 60
The cardinal numbers are the basic numbers: one, two, three. The
ordinal numbers are how things are numbered: first, second, third.
Numbers
Cardinal
Ordinal
Mohegan
nuqut
English
one
Mohegan
nikôni
English
first
nis
two
nahahtôwi
second
shwi
three
shwut
third
yáw
four
yáwut
fourth
nupáw
five
nupáwut
fifth
qutôsk
six
qutôskut
sixth
nisôsk
seven
nisôskut
seventh
shwôsk
eight
shwôskut
eighth
pásukokun
nine
pásukokunut
ninth
páyaq
ten
páyaqut
tenth
naponuqut
eleven
naponis
naposhwi
twelve
thirteen
[napo plus the
appropriate number
for tens]
“
“
nisnicak
twenty
shwinicak
yáwnicak
thirty
forty
animate
pásuq
mitônak
inanimate
pásuqash
mitônash
[literally: two hands
meaning counting both
hands twice]
nisnicak
inanimate
hundred
thousand
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 61
In the Mohegan to English dictionary there are superscripted letters at the end of
some of the sample sentences. These sentences are ascribed to people in our
history. They stand for:
FF
Fidelia Fielding
GT
Gladys Tantaquidgeon
SU
Sachem Uncas
EF
SO
Eliphalet Fielding
Samson Occom
Gen1:12
is a quote from the Eliot Bible. The first three letters refers to the book, the first
number is the chapter and the second number is the verse. So this would be Genesis
1:12.
The King James Bible was used for the English translation. Wunneetupanatamwe Up
Biblum God was translated in 1685 by John Eliot and his Native informants into what is
now known as the Wampanoak language. Mohegan linguist Stephanie Fielding translated
the Wampanoak into Modern Mohegan in 2012.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 62
Mohegan to English
A
acá-, VAI he hunts, goes on a hunt
I hunt nutacá, he hunts acá,
you and I hunt kutacámun,
Hunt! sg acásh, Hunt! pl acáq,
let’s hunt! acátuk,
that he is hunting ácát
Yôpi acáq noy’hcák: Let’s hunt deer
again.
acáwôk, NI a hunt, hunting
hunts acáwôkansh,
on a hunt acáwôkanuk
Mus kunáwômun naspi Acáwôk
Wiyon: We will see by the Hunting
Moon.
acokayihs, NA blackbird
blackbirds acokayihsak,
on the blackbird acokayihsuk
Acokayihs towush táhkák, sákák
tupkuwuk: Blackbird fly into the cold,
dark night!
-ahak, NI DEP body, self (used as the
Mohegan reflexive pronoun)
unknown person’s body mahak,
unknown people’s bodies mahakák,
my body, myself nahak,
his body, himself wahakáh,
your and my bodies kahakánônash, your
bodies kahakáwôwak,
their bodies wahakáwôwah
Niwuci iyo áhqi niyuwantamoq, asu
áhqi musqôhtamoq kahakáwôwak:
Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry
with yourselves.Gen.45:5 Qut mutu
tapinumomunok, kuwuyohtiyôk
ôpôcumosh i kahakák: but if it be not
worthy, let your peace return to
you.Matt.10:13
Tápi nutayunamaw nahak: I can help
myself. FF
ahuy-, VTA he calls him (something),
names him
I call him something nutahuyô,
he calls him something ahuyáw,
you and I call him something
kutahuyômun,
that he calls him something áhuyôt
Tôn kutahuyô ôkutakanuk?: What else
can you call him?
akacu-, VAI he is ashamed
I am ashamed nutakac,
he is ashamed akacuw,
you and I are ashamed kutakacumun,
Be ashamed! sg akacush,
Be ashamed! pl akacuq,
that he is ashamed ákacut
…niwuci niyuwantam wuci Davidah,
niwuci ohshah ákacut: for he grieved
for David, because his father had done
him shame.1Sam.20:34
akasq, NA woodchuck, groundhog
woodchucks akasqak,
on the woodchuck akasquk
Akasq nám wutôkát: The groundhog
saw his shadow.
akisu-, VAI he counts, does counting;
also, play rushes, straw game
I count nutakis, he counts akisuw,
you and I count kutakisumun,
Count! sg akisush, Count! pl akisuq,
that he counts ákisut
Nutakis, kiyaw ôkhumoq kuski
suquwôwash: I will count, you cover
your eyes; Akisutuk!: Let’s count!
akitusu-, VAI he reads
I read nutakitus, he reads akitusuw,
you and I read kutakitusumun,
Read! sg akitusush,
Read! pl akitusuq,
that he reads ákitusut
Awán tápi akitusuw, ôtay mus wáhtôw
cáqan ayuwát Manto iwát: Anyone can
read, then he will know everything is as
God says. FF
akowôk, NI coat, jacket
coats akowôkansh,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 63
in the coat akowôkanuk
Yo wutakowôk: This is her coat. Cáhak
kutakowôk? : Where is your coat?
akôhsihsu-, VAI they are few in number,
not many (of people or animals)
we (excl) are few nutakôhsihsumun,
we (incl) are few kutakôhsihsumun,
you (pl) are few kutakôhsihsumuw, they
are few akôhsihsuwak,
that you (pl) are few ákôhsihsuyáq,
that they are few ákôhsihs'hutut
Wikuw skitôp akôhsihsuwak: A good
man is few in number. FF
akômuk, PREP across, across water, on
the other side
Nuqáy akômuk qá náwáw mucimi: She
looked across the water and she saw
forever.
aniks, NA chipmunk
chipmunks aniksak,
on the chipmunk aniksuk
Aniksak w’hpsqanuwôwash
mômôyisuwak: Chipmunks’ backs are
striped.
aniyá-, VAI he exceeds, is beyond,
superior to
I exceed nutaniyá,
s/he exceeds aniyá,
you and I exceed kutaniyámun,
Go beyond! sg aniyásh,
Go beyond! pl aniyáq,
let’s go beyond! aniyátuk
that he exeeds ániyát
Mô quni-yôwat in uyôhtum wáhtôk
aniyá páwáwtawôkash ôk Cáhnamit:
Once [long ago] there was a man who
thought he was superior in his tricks than
Cáhnamit.
aniyuham-, VTA he has an advantage
over (him), gains on (him)
I gain on him nutaniyuham,
he gains on him aniyuham,
you and I gain on him kutaniyuhamun,
that he gains on him ániyuhamôt
Let’s gain on him aniyuhamutuk
Mutáwi sayakati cimáw aniya ôk
ásqam, qá paswôsi aniyuhamôt yôpi:
He paddled harder than ever, and soon
began to gain on her again.
-anonaw, DEP NI cheek
my cheek nanonaw,
your cheeks kanonawash,
on my cheek nanonawuk
his/her cheek wanonaw,
unknown person’s cheek manonaw
Pohpohqutihs ayuw pátuqák,
môpamuqák wakak qá wompák
wanonawash: The bobwhite has a
round, brown body and white cheeks.
anôhcum, NI acorn
acorns anôhcumunsh,
in the acorn anôhcumuk
Anôhcumunsh micuwak mushaniqak:
Squirrels eat acorns.
anu-, VAI he is sneezing
I sneeze nutan,
s/he sneezes anuw,
you and I sneeze kutanumun,
Sneeze! sg anush,
Sneeze! pl anuq,
Let’s sneeze! anutuk,
that he sneezes ánut
Kusutá wiyon, uy nutanuw: It is the
moon of the hot suns, so I am sneezing.
anuwôk, NI a sneeze, a sneezing
sneezes anuwókansh
in the sneeze anuwôkanuk
Wutanuwôkansh wutukáyush qá
miykisuw: His sneezes were wet and
powerful.
apiq, NA flea
fleas apiqak, on the flea apiquk
Apiq kipi qihshô: The flea jumps
quickly.
apon, NA oyster
oysters aponak,
in the oyster aponuk
Tôn kumohô aponak: How do you eat
oysters? Nuponam sát nutaponuk
kisutacik: I eat salt on my cooked
oysters.
aposu-, VAI he cooks, bakes
I cook nutapos, s/he cooks aposuw,
you and I cook kutaposumun,
Cook!d sg aposush,
Cook! pl aposuq,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 65
let’s cook! aposutuk,
that he cooks áposut
Naspi yoht mô aposuwak sôp
Mohiksinak: Mohegans used to cook
cornmeal mush on a fire. Kôkci nikômo
kuwacônômun qá mámusi ayôp
kutaposumun: We will have a great
feast and cook a whole buck.
apqáhs, NA a mouse
mice apqáhsak,
on the mouse apqáhsuk
Wôks uyáw áhsupanah, “Apqáhsah
mohwáwak wôksak!”: Fox said to
raccoon, “Foxes eat mice!”
apqá-, VTI he puts over (it) as a covering
I cover it nutapqá,
s/he covers it apqá,
you and I cover it kutapqámun,
Cover it! sg apqásh,
Cover it! pl apqáq,
Let’s cover it! apqátuk,
that he uses it ápqát
Apqá susupôkamuqash mihtuqash: He
covered the walls on the inside with
wood.
apqáwôk, NI a covering (something that
would protect a person from the
elements)
coverings apqáwôkansh
on the covering apqáwôkanuk
Hákáts iyaki apqáwôk wuci qaci
wiqám: The outer bark becomes a
cover for the outside of the wigwam.
apqôs, NI a tent, the covering of a tent, a
covert
tents apqôsash
in the tent apqôsuk
Qá pish iyaki apqôs wuci mushuyôn tá
wuci sokuyôn: And there shall be…a
covert from storm and from rain.
apqôsu-, VII it covers, he puts on that
which covers
it covers apqôsuw,
they are covered apqôsush
that it is covered ápqôsák,
that they are covered ápqôsáks
Apqôsuw wik naspi cikup: He covers
the house with cedar.
apsun-, VAI he lies upon it
I lie upon it nutapsun,
he lies upon it apsun,
you and I lie upon it kutapsunun
Lie on it! (sing) apsunsh,
Lie on it! apsunoq,
Let’s lie on it! apsunutuk
that he lies on it ápsuk,
that they lie on it ápsukik
Paswôsi nám cáqan apsun apunuk, qá
kôkci wutqun mák, ô i kucohkônah:
Soon he saw that something was lying in
bed, and taking a big stick, he went over
to it.
apu-, VAI he is located, sits, stays, is at a
place
I am located nutap,
he is located apuw,
you and I sit kutapumun,
Stay! sg apsh, Stay! pl apuq,
Let’s sit aputuk
that he sits áput
Awán tápi akitusuw, ôtay mus wáhtôw
cáqan apuwát Manto iwát: Anyone can
read, then he will know everything is as
God says. FF
apun, NI bed
beds apunásh, in the bed apunák
Qá upáhsonáquwôwash áhtásh wáwápi
nishnah apunák: And above every bed
are shelves. Wutapunáwôwuk
wutapuwôwuk: They are in their beds.
aqi, PREP like, similar to
Aqi cáqan yo máhsunuman?: What is
this like when you touch it?
aqu, PREP under
Aqu piyôkut áhtá taspowôk: The table
is under the blanket.
aqu-, VAI he is clothed, dressed, gets
dressed, wears (something)
I am dressed nutaq,
s/he is dressed aquw,
you and I kutaqumun,
Get dressed! sg aqush,
Get dressed! pl aquq,
that he is dressed áqut
Pitkôs côhtam áqunuk: She wants to
wear a dress. Mukacuks aquw wáci
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 66
kon: The boy is dressed for snow.
aquniwôqat-, VII it resembles, looks like
it looks like aquniwôqat,
have it look like aquniwôqatash,
it looks like áquniwôqáhk,
they look like áquniwôqáhks
Wacuw aquniwôqat nokunáhs: The
mountain resembles my grandfather.
aqunum-, VTI he puts it on (of clothes),
wears it
I wear it nutaqunum,
he wears it aqunum,
you and I wear it kutaqunumumun,
Wear it! sg aqunumsh,
Wear it! pl aqunumoq,
that he wears it áqunuk
Cáqan átwun côci aqunum?: Which
pants should he wear? Pitkôs côhtam
áqunuk: She wants to wear a dress. Yo,
aqunumsh ni.: Here, put it on.
aquy, PHRASE hello, greetings
[traditional spelling: aquai, aquay]
Aquy! Tôn kutay: Hello! How are you?
aquyá, NI peace; refrain from fighting
in the peace aquyák
Aquyá wáhsumun, as ayitiyuwôk
páhkinum: Peace is light, whereas war is
darkness
1
2
3
as, ADV while , still , before
Iyo Cáhnamit wikôtam áput yôwaput
wuci wikun wuci qániqôpáks, as nush
wiyokanah mutu wáhtôk cáqan i, asu
totay áyôt: Now Cáhnamit liked staying
away from home for a long time, during
which his wife did not know what he did,
or where he went.
askasqáyu-, VII it is green
it is green askasqáyuw,
they are green askasqáyush,
that which is green áskasqák,
that which are green áskasqáks
Askasqáyuw yo pôhpaskôk: This ball is
green. Askasqáyush yosh
pôhpaskôkansh: These balls are green.
Sokuyôn wustow wámi cáqansh
áskasqáks: Rain makes everything
green.
askasqisu-, VAI he is green
I am green nutaskasqis,
s/he is green askasqisuw,
you and I are green kutaskasqisumun,
that he is green áskasqisut,
that they are green áskasqis'hutut
Askasqisuw yo cits: This bird is green.
Askasqisuwak yok citsak: These birds
are green. Shwi áskasqisácik citsak
misum: Give me three green birds.
askiqutam, NA snail
snails askiqutamak,
on the snails askiqutamuk
Askiqutamah mohwáwak qiqikumak:
Ducks eat snails.
asokikámá-, VAI he deceives him,
cheats him
I cheat him nutasokikámô,
he deceives him asokikámáw,
you and I cheat him kutasokikámômun,
Deceive him! sing asokikámáw,
Deceive him! pl asokikámáwohq,
Let’s cheat him asokikámáwutuk,
that he cheats him ásokikámôt
Nunuqusunáq, ahqi kutáhash
asokikámác: take heed, that your heart
be not deceived…Deut.11:16
asoku-, VAI he is foolish, stupid
I am foolish nutasok,
s/he is foolish sg asokuw,
you and I are foolish kutasokumun,
Be stupid! sg asoksh,
Be stupid! pl asokuq,
Let’s be stupid asokutuk,
that he is stupid ásokut
Natôks asokuw sqáwhs: My cousin is a
foolish young woman.
aspumi, ADV still, yet
Aspumi kuwuskinumun iyo: We are
still young now.
asqitiyá-, VAI he remains
I remain nutasqitiyá,
s/he remains asqitiyá,
you and I remain kutasqitiyámun,
Remain! sg asqitiyásh,
Remain! pl asqitiyáq,
let’s remain! asqitiyátuk
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 67
that he remains ásqitiyát
Shwi wimatah nupuwak, wipi Ayaqs
asqitiyá: Three brothers died, only
Ayaqs remains.
asqitiyám-, VTA he leaves him behind
I leave him behind nutasqitiyámô,
s/he leaves him behind asqitiyámáw,
you and I leave him behind
kutasqitiyámômun,
leave him behind! sg asqitiyám,
leave him behind! pl asqitiyámohq,
Let’s leave him behind! asqitiyámutuk
that s/he leaves him behind ásqitiyámôt
Nuqaqi uy kipi, ôkutakanak
asqitiyámak: I run so fast, that I leave
the others behind.
asqshôk, NI the remainder, what is left
in the remainder asqshôkanuk
Wôcak mô micuwak; mamsh asqshôk:
Everyone ate; you take what is left.
asqshôt, NA he who remains
they who remain asqshôtak
on he who remains asqshôtuk
Asqshôt mihkunum môsk: He who
remains holds the fort.
asu, CONJ or, either (mut asu: nor,
neither)
Sápahik mut asu kusaputá asu
sôyôqat: The soup was neither hot nor
cold. Mucáq ayômi kisuquk asu áhkik
wipi Manto tápáyat: Nothing in the
heavens or in the earth but God suffices.
Niwuci iyo áhqi niyuwantamoq, asu
áhqi musqôhtamoq kahakáwôwak:
Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry
with yourselves.Gen.45:5
-atan, NI DEP buttocks, rump
our rumps natanunônash
in his buttocks watanuk
Kikum takamáw watanuk: The arrow
hit him in his buttocks.
átamôkan, NA dragonfly
dragonflies átamôkanak
on the dragonfly átamôkanuk
Átamôkan towuw ciqunapi akômuk
nupsapáq: The dragonfly flew quietly
across the pond.
-atôks, NA DEP cousin (natôks: my
cousin)
my cousins natôksak,
on my cousin natôksuk
your cousin katôks,
his/her cousin watôksah,
your and my cousin katôksun
Katôksuwôwak nákumôw: They are
your (plural) cousins.
-atôq, NA DEP brother-in-law (natôq:
my brother-in-law)
my brothers-in-law natôqak,
in my brother-in-law natôquk
your brother-in-law katôq,
his/her brother-in-law watôqah,
your and my brother-in-law katôqun
Numihsihs na, tá natôq: This is my
sister and brother-in-law.
awan- VII it is foggy, there is fog
it is foggy awan,
that it is foggy áwak,
whenever it is foggy áwaks
Mutu awan: It is not foggy.
awasu- VAI he warms himself, warms
up
I warm up nutawas,
s/he warms up awasuw,
you and I warm up kutawasumun,
Warm yourself! sg awasush,
Warm yourself! pl awasuq,
Let’s warm ourselves! awasutuk,
that he warms up áwasut
Piyôq! Awasuq naspi yoht: Come!
Warm yourselves by the fire.
awáhcá-, VTI he uses it, uses something
I use it nutawáhcá,
s/he uses it awáhcá,
you and I use it kutawáhcámun,
Use it! sg awáhcásh,
Use it! pl awáhcáq,
Let’s use it! awáhcátuk,
that he uses it áwáhcát
Awáhkômsh takôk tumusum
wutqunsh: Use the hatchet to cut the
branches.
awáhsh, NA hawk
hawks awáhshák,
on the hawk awáhshák
Musqayan qipi papômi tahqunáwôk:
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 68
The hawk is circling her prey.
awáhsohs, NA bear
bears awáhsohsak,
on the bear awáhsohsuk
Kunamsh awáhsohsak: Look out for the
bears!
awán, PRON who (in questions),
someone, anyone, whosoever
everyone awának
Awán nákum?: Who is she? Manto
wikuw, sômi ni mut nuwacônô awán
cánaw Manto: God is good, because I
do not have anyone only God. FF
awáyáhs, NA animal
animals awáyáhsak,
on the animals awáyáhsuk
Awáyáhsak yok: These are animals.
ayakunum-, VTI he paints it
I paint it nutayakunum,
s/he paints it ayakunum,
you and I paint it kutayakunumumun,
Paint it! sg ayakunumsh,
Paint it! pl ayakunumoq,
Let’s paint it! ayakunumutuk
that he paints it áyakunuk
Nutayakunumun nik: I paint my house.
Nákum ayakunum manotá: She is
painting a basket.
ayaqs, NA star (alternative spelling:
ayaquhs)
stars ayaqsak, in the star ayaqsuk
Nitay yôpôwi ayaqs: There is an early
morning star.
ayáhs, NA seashell, shell
shells ayáhsak, on the shell ayáhsuk
Yo ayáhs cáhsun: This shell is hard.
ayhkôsikamuq, NI office, 'workbuilding'
offices ayhkôsikamuqash,
in the office ayhkôsikamuquk
Iyo Cupanuwôk Ayhkôsikamuquk
kutapumun: Now we are at the Tribal
Office.
ayhkôsu-, VAI he works
I work nutayhkôs,
s/he works ayhkôsuw,
you and I work kutayhkôsumun,
Work! sg ayhkôsush,
Work! pl ayhkôsuq,
Let’s work! ayhkôsutuk,
that s/he works sg áyhkôsut
…tipi mucimi ayhkôsuw: …the devil is
always working. FF
ayhkôsuwôk, NI work, job
works ayhkôsuwôkansh,
on the job ayhkôsuwôkanuk
Qá pish nutôqátiyô i skitôp niyani
nutuyihiyá wutayhkôsuwôkansh: I will
render to the man according to his
works.Prov.24:29
ayi-, INIT better, more, it exceeds,
surpasses
Piwiyôn, ôk nutayimihkinôqusuw:
When I was little, I was stronger than it
seems. Pôqus ayimushqisuw ônk wic:
The moth was bigger than his hand.
ayikanawôk, NI a contest, a competition
contests ayikanawôkansh,
in a contest ayikanawôkanuk
… uy pakatôtámuk mihkunumak
ayikanawôk: so it was decided to hold a
contest.
ayitiyá-, VAI he makes war, fights
I fight nutayitiyá,
s/he fights ayitiyá, you and I
fight kutayitiyámun,
Fight! sg ayitiyásh,
Fight! pl ayitiyáq,
that he fights áyitiyát
…qá ayitiyáw mikônák: and contend
with him in battle.Deut.2:24
Kutayitiyámô, qá kumikôtiyámô, qut
mutu kutáhtawumô, niwuci mata
kuwihqitumamô: ye fight and war, yet
ye have not, because ye ask not.Jas.4:2
ayitiyawin, NA a soldier, one who
battles
soldiers ayitiyawinak
on the soldier ayitiyawinuk
Ayitiyawin wikut isuw in wuci
qutuyônumuwôk: A good soldier is a
man of honor.
ayitiyawôtowuwôk, NI an alarm of war
alarms of war ayitiyawôtowuwôkansh
in the alarm of war
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 69
ayitiyawôtowuwôkanuk
Popowutáhuk, sáhqutáháyuk uy,
ômohkun ayitiyawôtowuwôk: The
drum, when sounded thus, raises the
alarm of war.
ayitiyuwôk, NI war, a battle
wars ayitiyuwôkansh
in the war ayitiyuwôkanuk
Ayitiyuwôk ayitiyáw miyacuk: A
battle waged on the left side.
ayiyukôná-, VTA he goes against him,
makes war on him
I goes against him nutayiyukôná,
s/he goes against him ayiyukônáw,
you and I goes against him
kutayiyukônámun,
Let’s make war on him! ayiyukônátuk
Make war on him! sg ayiyukônásh,
Make war on him! pl ayiyukônáq, that
he goes against him áyiyukônát
Fidelia uyôhtum Tipi áyiyukônát
Mantok: Fidelia thinks that the Devil
makes war on God.
ayiyukôni, ADV against, in opposition
Mutôm spunum wic ayiyukôni nákum:
He never lifted his hand against her.
ayon, NI an arrowhead
arrowheads ayonash
on the arrowhead ayonuk
Muskam shwi ayonash Shantokanuk:
He found three arrowheads at Shantok.
-ayômanic, NI DEP palm (inside of the
hand)
palms nayômanicish
in the palm nayômanicik
Manto wuw kumihkunumuq
wayômanicik: May God hold you in his
palm.
ayômi, PREP inside (of), in
Ayômi nicishuk áhtásh wômansh: The
eggs are in my hands.
ayôp, NA buck, male deer
bucks ayôpák, in the buck ayôpuk
Ayôp wihkum quniqah: The buck called
the doe.
ayôpshay, NA buckskin
buckskins ayôpshayák,
on the buckskin ayôpshayuk
Wupitkôsonuk ayôpshay ôkhuk wuci
isuwák môsôpish, tá ayáhsak: Her
garment was buckskin, covered with
colored beads, and shells.
ayôtam, VAI he thinks, purposes, wills
I think nutayôtam,
s/he thinks ayôtam,
you and I think kut ayôtamumun,
Think! sg ayôtamsh,
Think! pl ayôtamuq,
that s/he thinks áyôtamut
Nutayôtam, niwuci, nutay: I think,
therefore, I am. Kôkci kucohkônah
takamáw aqu shayuk, áyôhtak wuw
áyut wiyokanah: He struck the large
doll that was under the robes, thinking
that it might be his wife.
ayu-, VAI he is, exists (not used with
location)
I am nutay, s/he is ayuw,
you and I are kutayumun,
Be! sg ayush, Be! pl ayuq,
that s/he is áyut
Tôn kutay? : How are you? Kôkci
Manto iwa ‘Nutay Áyuyôn.’: The Great
Spirit said, ‘I am that I am.’ Manto ayuw
wámi pômkokik: God exists in all the
world. FF
ayuwôk, NI a place
places ayuwôkansh
in the place ayuwôkanuk
Wôk nipás paspushá, qá nipas wayô,
qá kipshô i ayuwôk áhta páspishôt:
The sun also rises, and the sun goes down
and hastens to his place where he
arose.Eccl.1:5
ayum-, VTI he makes it
I make it nutayum,
s/he makes it ayum,
you and I make it kutayumumun,
Make it! sg ayumsh,
Make it! pl ayumoq,
that he makes it áyuk
Wuski kátshuk Manto ayum kisuk tá
áhki: In the new beginning God created
the heaven and the earth.Gen1:1
ayum, NA a dog
dogs ayumak
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 70
on the dog ayumuk
Ayum náyuwáyuw nátáwôput wuci
micuwôk: The dog wanders about
looking for food.
ayumihs, NA little dog, puppy
puppies ayumihsak,
on the puppy ayumihsuk
Awáhsohs Mátáhkát pásawuqak nis
ayumihsak nikuk: Dancing Bear
brought two puppies to my home.
Á
áhci, ADV exceedingly
Wáh wáhtiyáwô ahci máhsuk
wiyáwituwôk kutiyamôtiyônutuwôk uk
wômôyásuwôk i kahakánônak: He
might show the exceeding riches of his
grace in his kindness towards us.Eph.2:7
áhciyu-, VAI he is diligent, makes effort,
exerts himself
I am diligent nutáhciy,
s/he is diligent áhciyuw, you and
I are diligent kutáhciyumun
that he is diligent áhciyut, that
they are diligent áhciyuhutut
Kucoktun wucshá mitakpu mihtuq, qá
musáhciyuwôk: Our sugar comes from
the maple tree, and great exertion.
-áhkas, NA DEP mother [similar to earth
and father]
our mothers káhkasunônak
on my mother náhkasuk
my mother náhkas
your mother káhkas
his/her mother wáhkas
our mother náhkasun
their mother wáhkasuw
Qutuyánum kohsh tá káhkas: Honor
your father and your mother.Ex.20:12
Sáhkinumhutut wucôquwôwah
áhkasah pocináwuk: …when their souls
were poured out into their mothers’
bosom.Lam.2:12
áhpihs, NA apple (loan from English
'apples')
apples áhpihsak,
in the apple áhpihsuk
Mitsutuk wutáhumunsh, pôcumunsh,
ta ahpihs: Let’s eat strawberries,
cranberries, and an apple.
áhqi, PART (prohibitive particle) don't!,
stop it! (used to make negative
imperatives)
Áhqi mámôciq: Don’t move!; Páwihsa,
iyo áhqi!: Okay, now stop!
áhqi-, VAI he stops (something), quits
I stop nutáhqi, s/he stops áhqi,
you and I stop kutáhqimum,
Stop! sg áhqish, Stop! pl áhqiq,
that he stops áhqit
Niwuci iyo áhqi niyuwantamoq, asu
áhqi musqôhtamoq kahakáwôwak:
Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry
with yourselves.Gen.45:5
áhqôhtam-, VTI he forgives it
I forgive it nutáhqôhtam,
he forgives it áhqôhtam,
you and I forgive it kutáhqôhtamumun,
Forgive it! sg áhqôhtamsh,
Forgive it! pl áhqôhtamoq,
Let’s forgive it! áhqôhtamutuk,
that s/he forgives it áhqôhtak
Áhqôhtamsh numatôpáwôkunônash:
Forgive our sins…
áhqôhtamaw-, VTA he forgives him
I forgive him nutáhqôhtamawô,
s/he forgives him áhqôhtamawáw,
you and I forgive him
kutáhqôhtamawômun,
forgive him! sg áhqôhtamaw,
forgive him! pl áhqôhtamôhq,
Let’s forgive him! áhqôhtamawutuk
that s/he forgives him áhqôhtamawôt
Áhqôhtamawum, kuwihqitumôsh:
Forgive me, please!
áhsam-, VTA he feeds him, gives him
food, provides for him
I feed him nutáhsamô,
s/he feeds him áhsamáw,
you and I feed him kutáhsamômun,
feed him! sg áhsam,
feed him! pl áhsamohq,
Let’s feed him! áhsamutuk
that s/he feeds him áhsamôt
Nusamô awáyásak: I am feeding the
animals; Cáqan kusamôwunônak?:
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 71
What do we feed them? Mus
kutáhsamôwôwak: You (plural) will
feed them; Pohpohs tá náhtiyá
kutáhsam?: Did you feed the cat and
dog?; Nákum áhsamáw náhtiyáh: She
feeds the dog; Áhsamum!: Feed me!;
Áhsamunán!: Feed us!; Áhsam!: Feed
him!
áhsit, NI river
rivers áhsitash, at the river áhsituk
Tumôhq apuw áhsituk: The beaver is in
the river.
-áhsuk, NA DEP husband
my husbands náhsukak,
on my husband náhsukuk,
my husband náhsuk,
her husband wáhsukah,
yours and my husbands káhsukunônak,
their husbands wáhsukuwôwah
Náhsuk tá kohshuw nákum: He is my
husband and your father. Niyok
witukusqáh nákum, tá wáhsukah: She
is my wife’s sister and her husband.
áhsup, NA raccoon
raccoons áhsupanak,
on the raccoon áhsupanuk
Yo ihtôqat papômi áhsup: this is a story
about a raccoon. Cáqan micuwak
áhsupanak?: What do raccoons eat?
áhtá-, VII it is located, it is at a place
it is located áhtá,
they are located áhtásh
that it is located áhták
that they are located áhtáks
Aqu piyôkut áhtá taspowôk: The table
is under the blanket; Wômansh áhtásh
piyôkutuk: The eggs are on the blanket.
-áhtámik, NA DEP first born
our first borns káhtámikanunônak
on my first born náhtámikanuk
his/her first born wáhtámik
Náhtámik ayuw sqáhsihs My first born
is a girl.
áhtôwi, NUM second
Sôcum nikuw ohshah áhtôwi námôn:
The chief was born his father’s second
son.
ákowi, ADV in vain, for no reason,
futilely
Ákowi numukunum wunipaqash: I
gather the leaves in vain.
ákup, NI a little cove or creek
coves akupsh in the cove ákupuk
…qá wacônum nis mushoyash kuski
ákupuk: …and in a cove nearby he kept
two canoes.
ámáwunam-, VTI he takes it away
I take it away nutámáwunam,
s/he takes it away ámáwunam,
you and I take it away
kutámáwunamumun,
take it away! sg ámáwunamsh,
take it away! pl ámáwunamoq,
Let’s take it away ámáwunamutuk,
that s/he takes it away ámáwunak
‘Ámáwunamsh’ uyuwamow yo
kunasuwôk: This mark means to ‘take it
away’
ánakshwá, NI top of the tree
the tops of trees ánakshwásh
in the top of the tree ánakshwák
Ponam wuwac ánakshwák: She put her
nest in the top of the tree.
ápasum, NA an opossum
opposums ápasumak
on the opposum ápasumuk
Ápasum wuniconah nayiyumuk: The
opposum carried her babies on her back.
áqátum-, VTI he decorated it, garnished
it
I decorated it nutáqátum,
s/he decorated it áqátum,
you and I decorated it kutáqátumun,
Decorate it! sg áqátumsh,
Decorate it! plural áqátumoq
Let’s decorate it! áqátumutuk
that he decorates it áqátuk,
that they decorate it áqátumhutut
Wupitkôsonuk ayôpshay. Áqátum
wuci isuwák môsôpish, tá ayáhsak. Her
garment was buckskin. She decorated it
with colored beads, and shells.
áskôn, NA horn, antler
antlers áskônak
on the antler áskônuk
Áskot áhta ayôp wutáskon: The squash
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 72
was on the buck’s his antler.
áskot, NI squash, pumpkin
pumpkins áskotash,
on the squash áskotuk
Awán kutayunumôq áskotash
mákunuman?: Who will help you pick
squash (pl)? Woy, mucáq áskot
putukunik yo wáyôksuk!: Oh, no
pumpkin bread this evening
ásqam, PART before, not yet
Muskamsh nakum ásqam môci: Find
him before he goes away!
átwun, NI trousers, pants (original
meaning: 'breechcloth, apron')
trousers átwunsh,
in the pants átwunuk
Mut yosh átwunsh! Yo átwunsh: Not
those pairs of pants! This pair of pants.
áwipôqat-, VII it is calm weather
that it is calm weather áwipôqahk
whenever it is calm weather áwipôqahks
Áwipôqahks sipo mosáyuw qá wikun:
Whenever it is calm weather the river is
smooth and beautiful.
áwipun, NI a calm of peace
calms of peace áwipunash
in the calm of peace áwipunuk
Áwipun apqôsuw ki: A calm of peace
covered the land.
áwipun-, VII the wind ceases, there is
calm
the winds cease áwipunsh
that the wind stops áwipuk,
that the winds stop áwipuks
Áwipuks, mushoyash mus mutu
mômôcush: When the winds stop, the
boats will not move.
áwipuni, ADV calmly
Áwipuni pumshaw i wus: Calmly he
walked to the edge.
áwipu-, VAI he is calm
I am calm nutáwip,
s/he is calm áwipuw, you and
I are calm kutáwipumun
that he is calm áwiput, that
they are calm áwipuhutut
Cánaw skitôpak yotay kutáwipumun:
We are the only people calm here.
áyaqáhtuk, PREP in front of something
Nipawsh áyaqáhtuk sqôt! : Stand in
front of the door!
áyaqapi, PREP in front of someone, in
his presence
in front of me áyaqapih,
in front of s/he áyaqapi,
in front of you sg áyaqapiyan,
in front of us áyaqapih,
in front of you pl áyaqapiyak,
in front of them áyaqaphutut
Ni pish sôpwiyusuwôk uk áyaqapi
Káwtántowit kumanto: …that shall be
righteousness unto thee before the Lord
thy God.Deut.24:13
áyiks, NA ant
ants áyiksak, on the ant áyiksuk
Áhsup natawaháw áyikhsah: Raccoon
visits ant; Cáqan micuwak áyiksak?:
What do ants eat?
áypônihtu-, VTI he makes it calm
I calm it nutáypôniht,
s/he calms it áypônihtuw,
you and I calm it kutáypônihtumun
Calm it! sg áypônihtush,
Calm it! pl áypônihtuq,
that he calms it áypônihtut
Cánaw Manto áypônihtuw mushuyôn:
Only God calms the storm.
áyunamaw-, VTA he helps him
I help him nutayunamawô,
s/he helps him ayunamawáw,
you and I help him kutayunamawôwun,
help him! sg ayunamaw,
help him! pl ayunamôhq,
Let’s help him! ayunamawutuk
that s/he helps him áyunamawôt
Manto wikuw, numiyuq
numihkikuwôk wáci tápi nutômki qá
nutáyunamô nahak: God is good, he
gives me my strength so that I can get up
FF
and help myself.
Qá ayunamawáw Sáyámanah
wôtamowôk qá owohtamowôk mohci,
qá mushi kushitáh: And He gave
Solomon wisdom and understanding
exceedingly much, and largeness of
heart.1King4:29
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 73
áyuwi, ADV more ('more' in the sense of
modifying qualities, not in quantities
or activities – for the latter, see
ôkutak)
Uwisuwôkanuk Manto, áyuwi
páhkisut, áyuwi páhkisut: In the Name
of God, the most pure, the most pure.
C
cáhak, PART where (in questions) used
in questions, but not relative clauses
(for the latter see /totay/)
Yosh canaw páyaq napni nuqut.
Cáhak áhtá páyaq napni nisut?: There
are only 11 here. Where is the twelfth?
cáhci, ADV half, partly
Cáhci iwák mut wimonáyuw uy iwák:
Half of what they say is not true as they
say it. FF
cáhqin, NI partially subterranean house
with a sod roof, a sod house
sod houses cáhqinsh,
in the sod house cáhqinuk
Yoht áhta wutak cáhqinuk: A fire is
located at the back of the sod house.
cáhsháyuwôk, NI family
families cáhsháyuwôkansh,
in a family cáhsháyuwôkanuk
Nucáhsháyuwôk nákumôw: They are
my family; Inkôtôk wici wámi
kucáhsháyuwôkanun wustawutuk:
Let’s build a picture of our entire family;
Qutôsk nunicônak apuwak yo
cáhsháyuwôkanuk: These are the six
children in this family.
cáhshi, PART how much, how many
(inanimate)
how many cáhshinsh
Kunámumô cáhshinsh wácônumak
yotay?: Do you see how much we have
here?
cáhsun-, VII it is hard, solid, rigid
they are hard cáhsunsh
that it is hard cáhsuk,
that they are good cáhsuks
Wutqun mutáwi cáhsun: The stick is
very rigid.
cáhsuw, PART how much, how many
(animate)
plural cáhsuwak
Cáhsuwak musqalyanák apuwak
mihtuquk: How many red-tailed hawks are
in this tree?
cánaw, ADV only, but, unless
Skitôp mutu wáhtôw cánaw kôcuci uy
wáhôt Manto: A person does not know
but a little unless knowing God.FF
cápiká, NI root
roots cápikásh
on the root cápikák
Nis ayonash táhqunum cápikák: Two
arrowheads were caught in the roots.
cáq, NI swamp, marsh
swamps cáqash, in the swamp cáquk
Côhtam mushoy ô papaspi cáq: They
want a boat to go through the swamp.
cáqan, PRON what, something, thing
things cáqansh
Cáqan kusamôwunônak?: What do we
feed them?; Wámi cáqansh wômôhtam,
wámi skitôpáh wômôyáw: He loves
everything, he loves all people.
cáwhki, NI a minute, a point, a moment
moments cáwhkish
in a minute cáwhkik
Nuwawôtamun yo cawhkuk: I testify at
this moment…
cáyá-, VTA he seeks him
I seek him nucáyá,
s/he seeks him cáyáw,
you and I seek him kucáyômun,
Let’s seek him cáyátuk
Seek him! sg cáyásh,
Seek him! pl cáyôhq,
that he seek him cáyôt
Cáyásh qá pish kumuskaw: Seek and
ye shall find.
cáyhqatum-, VAI he is in a hurry
I am in a hurry nucáyhqatum,
s/he is in a hurry cáyhqatum,
you and I are in a hurry
kucáyhqatumumun,
Hurry up! sg cáyhqatumsh,
hurry up! pl cáyhqatumoq,
let’s hurry! cáyhqatumtuk,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 74
that s/he hurried cáyhqatuk
Cáyhqatumsh! Côci kutômun: Hurry!
We must go.
cáyhs, NA old person, elder, old man
elders cáyhsak, on the elder cáysuk
Qá cáyhsah wikuk nipawak
wutômohkunahutut wuci ahkik: And
the elders of his house stood to raise him
up from the earth.2Sam12:17
cikáhtu-, VII it burns, as a fire or a torch
it burns cikáhtuw,
they burn cikáhtush,
that it burns cikáhtuk,
whenever it burns cikáhtuks
Yoht mus cikátuw paci wayôk: The fire
will burn until sundown.
cikásá-, VTA he burns him
I burn him nucikásá,
s/he burns him cikásáw,
you and I burn him kucikásámun,
Let’s burn him cikásátuk,
Burn him! sg cikásásh,
Burn him! pl cikásáq,
that he burns him cikását
Cits towuw yohtuk qá cikásáw wahak:
The bird flew into the fire and burned
himself.
cikásum-, VTI he burns it
I burn it nucikásum,
he burns it cikásum,
you and I burn it kucikásumumun,
Burn it! sg cikásumsh,
Burn it! pl cikásumoq,
that he burns it cikásumuk
Cikásum shwi uyani wutqunash
witupôhtak wiyohtuk: He burns three
kinds of wood in the sacred fire.
cikásuwôk, NI a burning (active)
burnings cikásuwôkansh
at the burning cikásuwôkanuk
Sayakat áhqit k’hpáy cikásuwôk: It is
difficult to stop a forest burning.
cikáswutuwôk, NI a burn, being
burned (passive)
burnings cikásuwutuwôkansh
at the burning cikásuwutuwôkanuk
Kutáhqunômun nis inak
môwáwikamuq cikásuwutuwôkanuk:
We seized two men at the church
burning.
cikham-, VTA he sweeps him
I sweep him nucikham,
s/he sweeps him cikham,
you and I sweep him kucikhamôwun,
Sweep him! sg cikham,
Sweep him! pl cikhamôhq,
Let’s help him! cikhamôtuk
that s/he sweeps him cikhamôt
Cikham aniks qaci wicuw: She sweeps
the chipmunks out of the house.
cikham-, VTI he sweeps it
I sweep it nucikham,
s/he sweeps it cikham,
you and I sweep it kucikhamumun,
sweep it! sg cikhamsh,
sweep it! pl cikhamoq,
that they sweep it cikhamhutut
Cikham puqi yohtuk: He swept the
ashes into the fire.
cikhamuwôk, NI broom
brooms cikhamuwôkansh
on the broom cikhamuwôkanuk
Mokiks winay mawi ônqshôt
cikhamuwôkansh New Londonuk: An
old Mohegan woman went to sell brooms
in New London.
cikiyu-, VII it is late, after a while, a long
time
it is late cikiyuw,
when it is late cikiyuk,
whenever it is late cikiyuks
Cikiyuw, pakatôtám nákayôt: After a
while, she decided that she would leave
him.
cimá-, VAI he paddles or rows (a boat)
I paddle nucimaw,
s/he paddles cimaw,
you and I paddle kucimanun,
Paddle! sg cimsh,
Paddle! pl cimaq,
that he paddles cimat
Nit tôtáw nuqut wumushoyash, qá
cimáw i kitakamuko: Then he got one
of his canoes, and paddled to the
mainland.
cimak, PART when (in questions only)
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 75
Cimak mus kupiyô? : When you will
come?
cipay, NA spirit, ghost (sometimes also
used as 'devil')
spirits cipayak, in the spirt cipayuk
Mut nuwikináwô skok cipay: I don’t
like to see the snake spirit. FF
cipsawôk, NI astonishment
in the astonishment cipsawôkanuk
Wuwi, Manto! Kotunihtawush
nucipsawôk Kik: Oh, God! Increase my
astonishment in Thee.
cipsayi, ADV in astonishment, in
amazement, amazedly
Kunam wikuk cipsayi. Siwôpáyuw! :
He looked at his house in
astonishment. It was blue!
cipshá-, VAI he is confused, amazed
I am confused nucipshá,
s/he is confused cipshá,
you and I are confused kucipshámun,
be confused! sg cipshásh,
be confused pl cipsháq,
Let’s be confused! cipshátuk
that s/he is confused cipshát
Qá tiyanuk yôksqáhs ômkiw, qá
pumsháw. Qá cipshák mushi
cipsháwôk: And straightway the damsel
arose, and walked; for she was of the age
of twelve years. And they were
astonished with a great
astonishment.Mk.5:42
cipsôtam-, VTI he fears or is amazed by
(it)
I fear it nucipsôtam,
s/he fears it cipsôtam,
you and I fear it kucipsôtamumun,
Fear it! sg cipsôtamsh,
Fear it! pl cipsôtamoq,
that they fear it cipsôtamhutut
Tani cipsôtam wuci mutáwi cáwhkish,
qá wutayôtamuwôkansh
wutamôtamôw: Tani was astonished for
many minutes, and his thoughts troubled
him.
cipusq, NI a single or detached rock or
crag
crags cipusqash
on the crag cipusquk
Sômi wáh kutakatamumun cipusquk,
wôpantoh: Because we might crash on
the rocks, we wished for sunrise.Acts 27:29
ciqunapu-, VAI he is quiet, sits still
I am quiet nuciqunap,
s/he is sitting still ciqunapuw,
you and I are sitting still
kuciqunapumun,
sit still! sg ciqunapsh,
sit still! pl ciqunapuq,
let’s sit still! ciqunaputuk
that s/he is quiet ciqunaput
Mutu, mut mus kunáwuqun yotay,
wipi ciqunapsh, skôt kumuskawuq!:
No, he won't see us here, but be quiet or
he will find you!
ciskicohuwôk, NI towel - 'hand-wiping
tool'
towels ciskicohuwôkansh,
on the towels ciskicohuwôkanuk
Yo ciskicohuwôk, kohpskak
nunshumsh: Here is a towel, dry your
hair.
citawiyu-, VII it is stiff
it is stiff citawiyuw,
they are stiff citawiyush,
that it is stiff citawiyuk,
that they are stiff citawiyuks
Nit kátunum papaspi wicukansh, qá
tiyanuk sáhcitawiyuw nuw qunôhtuq:
Then she drew it through her fingers, and
immediately it became stiff like a spear.
cits, NA bird
birds citsak on the birds citsuk
Siwôpisuw yo cits. Siwôpisuwak yok
citsak: This bird is blue. These birds are
blue. Nuwikináwô citsak: I love to see
the birds. FF
ciwi, ADV nearly, almost
Ciwi pôhsqá, kaci numic nutináy sômi
yôtumôn: Nearly noon, I already ate my
dinner because I was hungry. FF
côci, PART must, have to
Côci kusam kácuc wôk: You must feed
her hay also.
-côcitám, NA DEP neighbor
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 76
my neighbors nucôcitám
on your neighbor kucôcitamuk
Wômôs kucôcitám: Love your neighbor.
côhtam-, VTI he wants it (alternate
spelling: ahcôhtam-)
I want it nucôhtam,
s/he wants it côhtam,
you and I want it kucôhtamumun,
want it! sg côhtamsh,
want it! pl côhtamoq,
that they want it áhcôhtamhutut
Kôkcik manotá nucôhtam: I want the
big basket. Nuks, nucôhtamumun: Yes,
we (exclusive) want it; Kucôhtam
pôhputô?: Do you want to play?;
Kucôhtamumô námáq?: Do you
(plural) want to see it? Pitkôs côhtam
áqunuk: She wants to wear a dress.
Kôkci Manto nanáwshipsuwin, mutu
pish nucôhtam: The Lord is my
shepherd, I shall not want.
cokát, NI sugar
sugars cokátash
in the sugar cokátuk
Kucoktun wucshá cuwkôyisuw wuci
mitakpu mihtuq, qá musáhciyuwôk:
Our sugar comes from the sap of the
maple tree, and great exertion.
-côq, NA DEP soul, spirit of a living
person (alternate spelling:
-cuhcôq)
my soul nucôq,
our souls kucôqunônak,
in someone’s soul mucôquk,
his/her soul wucôqah,
Nápuk, wucôqah putuki Manto: When
he dies, his soul returns to God.FF
-côy, NI DEP nose
my nose nucôy,
unknown people’s noses mucôyash,
on your nose kucôyuk,
his/her nose wucôy,
indefinite possessor mucôy
Kuski kucôy kucusumwuq: Wash near
your nose.
cuh, INTERJ ho! look!
‘Cuh! Ish ni iyo,’ iwá Cáhnamit:
‘Look! Do that now.’ said Cáhnamit.
‘cuk, NI field, farm (alternative spelling:
ahcuhk)
farms cukánsh, in the field cukánuk
my farm nucuk his farm wucuk
yours and my farm nucukánun
their farm wucukánuw
their farms wucukánuwôwash
Sôtay yo kisk, nupito yoht cukánuk:
Sunday today. I put fire in the pasture.FF
c’wáyu-, VII it is warm (of weather)
(alternate spelling: cuhwáyu-)
it is warm c’wáyuw,
when it is warm cáhwáhk,
when they are warm cáhwáhks
Kisusq c’wáyuw, ciwi tupkuw: The sun
is warm, it’s nearly night. FF
cunáyu-, VAI he is crazy
I am crazy nucunáy,
s/he is crazy cunáyuw,
you and I are crazy kucunáyumun,
be crazy! sg cunáyush,
be crazy! pl cunáyuq,
that s/he is crazy cánáyut
Nucunáy!: I am crazy! Cunáyuw
áyôhtak mus tánikutiyáw sáp: He is
crazy thinking he can plant the house
tomorrow.
cupayuwôk, NI tribe
tribes cupayuwôkansh,
in the tribe cupayuwôkanuk
Iyo cupayuwôk ayihkôsikamukanuk
kutapumun: Here we are at the Tribal
Office.
cupáyu-, VII it is (a) part
it is a part cupáyuw,
they are a part cupáyush,
when it is a part cápák,
when they are a part cápáhks
Nupuwôk cupáyuw pumôtamuwôk:
Death is a part of life.
cupisakatôk, NI milk curd
curds cupisakatôkansh
in the curds cupisakatôkanuk
Qá mak kackáy cupisakatôk wici
nákum, kotayáw mihtuq: And taking a
piece of curd with him, he began to climb
a tree.
cupuwicuw, NI room (of a house) 'house
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 77
part'
rooms cupuwicuwash,
in the room cupuwicuwuk
Kaciyásh nucupuwicuw! : Get out of
my room!
cupwutam-, VTI he kisses it
I kiss it nucupwutam,
s/he kisss it cupwutam,
you and I want it kucupwutamumun,
kiss it! sg cupwutamsh,
kiss it! pl cupwutamoq,
that they kiss it cupwutamhutut
Cupwutam munish nahunshásh: He
kissed the money goodbye.
cupwutonap-, VTA he kisses him
I kiss him nucupwutonapô,
s/he kisses him cupwutonap,
you and I kiss him kucupwutonapômun,
Let’s kiss him! cupwutonaputuk
Kiss him! sg cupwutonap,
Kiss him! pl cupwutonapohq,
that he kisses him cápwutonap
Cupwutonap niswi wanonawash: He
kissed you on both cheeks.
cupwutonapawôk, NI a kiss
kisses cupwutonapawôkansh
in the kiss cupwutonapawôkanuk
Kucupwutonapawôkansh wikáyuw:
Your kisses are sweet.
cuwkôyipsuw, NI sap of a tree
saps cuwkôyisuwash
in the sap cuwkôyisuwuk
Kucoktun wucshá cuwkôyisuw wuci
mitakpu mihtuq, qá musáhciyuwôk:
Our sugar comes from the sap of the
maple tree, and great exertion.
you and I laugh kuháhanumun,
laugh! sg háhanush,
laugh! pl háhanuq,
that s/he laughs háhanut
Nikôni wihco, ôtay háhanut
mushôtowi: First he smiled, then he
laughed loudly.
háhanuwôk, NI laughter
in the laughter háhanuwôkanuk
Wicuw yumwáy wuci papususwôk tá
háhanuwôk: The house was full of fun
and laughter.
hákáts, NI outer bark of a tree
bark of different trees hákátsash
on the bark hákátsuk
Hákáts iyaki apqáwôk wuci qaci
wiqám: The outer bark becomes a cover
for the outside of the wigwam.
hitkus, NI stem of a branch
stems hitkusash
on the stem hitkusuk
Piwi wunipaq áhta hitkusuk: A small
leaf was on the stem.
-hkas, NA DEP nail, hoof, claw
my nail n’hkas,
my nails n’hkasak,
on my nails n’hkasuk,
his/her claw kasah,
someone’s hoof m’hkas
M’hkas sihsiwan: Hoof rattle.
-hkôt, NI DEP leg
my leg n’kôt, my legs n’kôtash,
on my leg n’kôtuk, your leg, k’kôt,
his/her leg kôt, someone’s leg m’kôt
Ushpunumsh k’kôt!: Lift up your leg.
Ponamsh k’kôtash nupiyuk: Put your
legs in the water.
-hkunôk, NA DEP head
H
hashap, NI net
nets hashapash
in the nets hashapuk
Hashapsh yumwhatôwash wici
piyamaqak: The nets were filled with
fish.
háhanu-, VAI he laughs
I laugh nuháhan,
s/he laughs háhanuw,
unknown heads m’kunôkansh,
in my head n’kunôkanuk,
my head n’kunôk,
his/her head kunôk,
someone’s head m’kunôk
Waskici n’kunôkanuk áhtá wisq: The
bowl is on top of my head. Ki áhtá
kunôkanuk: Dirt is on your head.
-hkutuq, NA DEP knee
my knee n’kutuq,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 78
my knees n’kutuqash,
on my knee n’kutuquk,
my knee n’kutuq,
his/her knee kutuq,
someone’s knee m’kutuq
Wáskihutuwôk n’kutuquk
nutôhqamam: The wound on my knee
hurts.
-hpicák, NI DEP rib
my rib n’picák,
my ribs n’picákansh,
on my ribs n’picákanuk,
his/her rib picák,
someone’s rib m’picák
Iwômuw: Sqá piyô wuci inah picák: It
is said: woman came from man’s rib.
-hpiq, NA DEP shoulder (alternative
spelling: -hpiqan)
my shoulder n’piq,
my shoulders n’piqanak,
on my shoulder n’piqanuk,
his/her shoulder piqanah,
someone’s shoulder m’piq
Áhqi paskahsháhsansh! K’piq mus
kumihkunush: Don’t fall! I will hold
your shoulder.
-hpôyák, NI DEP chest, breast (not a
woman's breasts)
people’s chests m’pôyákansh,
on a breast m’pôyákanuk,
my chest n’pôyák,
his/her chest pôyák,
indefinite possessor m’pôyák
Wámi nuwutakis, n’pôyák côci
nukucusuto?: I am all wet, should I
wash my chest?
-hpsqan, NI DEP back (of body)
people’s backs m’psqansh,
on someone’s back m’psqanuk,
my back n’psqan,
his/her back psqan,
someone’s back m’psqan
Nutôhqamam n’psqan: My back hurts.
M’psqansh skitôpak páhkshiyush: The
backs of the people are broken.
-hputin, NI DEP arm
my arm n’putin,
my arms n’putinash,
on my arm n’putinuk,
his/her arm putin,
someone’s arm m’putin
Inkáwi n’putin: My right arm. Miyacu
k’putin: Your left arm.
-hshum, NA DEP daughter-in-law
my daughter-in-law n’hshum,
my daughter-in-laws n’hshumak,
on my daughter-in-law n’hshumuk,
his/her daughter-in-law w’hshumah,
our daughter-in-law k’hshumun
W’hshumuwôwah ni: I am their
daughter-in-law.
-htawaq, NI DEP ear
my ear n’tawaq,
my ears n’tawaqash,
in my ear n’tawaquk,
his/her ear w’tawaq,
someone’s ear m’tawaq
Ki kucusutawush k’tawaqash: You
wash your ears.
husihs, NA horse (English loan)
horses husihsak,
on the horse husihsuk
Kácuc nusamô husihs: I feed the horse
some grass.
I
i, PREP to
Wiqômun i náhtôwi pôhput!: Welcome
to the next player!
i-, VAI he does (so)
I do so nuti, s/he does so i,
you and I do so kutimun,
do so! sg ish, do so! pl iq,
let’s do so! ituk, that s/he does it it
Manto wáhtôw wámi cáqansh, tápi i
wámi cáqansh: God knows all things,
can do all things. FF
-ic, NA DEP hand
my hand nic, my hands nicish,
in my hand nicik, his/her hand wic,
someone’s hand mic
Mic popowutáhuk: Hand drum. Nic
nutôhqamam: My hand hurts.
-icuk, NI DEP finger 'hand-bone'
my finger nicuk,
my fingers nicukansh,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 79
on my finger nicukanuk,
his/her finger wicuk,
someone’s finger micuk
Nicukansh nukucusuto: I am washing
my fingers.
-ihsums, NA DEP younger sibling
(brother or sister)
my younger sibling nihsums,
my younger siblings nihsumsak,
on my younger sibling nihsumsuk,
his/her younger sibling wihsumsah
Yo nimat, John; yo nihsums Ben; yok
numihsihsak Donna tá Norma; qá yo
nihsums Martha: This is my older
brother, John; this is my younger brother,
Ben; these are my older sisters, Donna
and Norma; and this is my younger sister,
Martha.
ihtôqat, NI story
stories ihtôqatash,
in the story ihtôqatuk
Nunicôn, kucuwôhtam ihtôqat
ôcimohkôyôn?: My child, would you
like me to tell you a story?
-ik, NI DEP home, house, lodge (see
also: wicuw, cáhqin, kamuq,
wiqám)
my home nik, my homes nikash,
in my home nikuk,
his/her house wik,
our (yours and my) home kikun,
someone’s home mik
Qá cáyhsah wikuk nipawak
wutômohkunahutut wuci ahkik: And
the elders of his house stood to raise him
up from the earth.2Sam12:17
Nuwikôtamumun yo natawahuwôk,
wipi côci nupásawômun páhpohs i
nikuk: We have enjoyed this visit, but
we have to take our baby home.
-imat, NA DEP man's brother (in each
case the possessor is a man)
my brother nimat,
my brothers nimatak,
on my brother nimatuk,
his brother wimatah,
don’t know whose brother mimat
Yo nimat, John; yo nihsums Ben; yok
numihsihsak Donna tá Norma; qá yo
nihsums Martha: This is my older
brother, John; this is my younger brother,
Ben; these are my older sisters, Donna
and Norma; and this is my younger sister,
Martha.
in, NA man
men inak, on the man inuk
Kunawáw sqá inah: The woman is
looking at the man.
in’páwôk, NI tobacco literally:
‘regular/Indian smoking stuff'’
(alternative spelling: inahpáwôk)
tobaccos inpáwôkansh,
in the tobacco inpáwôkanuk
Inpáwôk pátawush!: Bring tobacco!
inkáwi, ADV to the right, on the right
inkáwi nic – my right hand
Inkáwi k’putin: Your right arm.
inôk, NI handle ‘what one holds with’
(alternate: uyunôk)
handles inôkansh,
on the handles inôkanuk
Inôk sôyôqat: The handle is cold.
inskitôp, NA Indian, human ‘regular
person’
persons inskitôpák,
in the person inskitôpák
Mutu cunáyuw; ayuw inskitôp: He is
not crazy; he is a regular person.
-iput, NI DEP tooth
my tooth niput, my teeth niputash,
on my tooth niputuk,
his/her tooth wiput,
someone’s tooth miput
Kucusutawush kiputash: Clean your
teeth!
-ishát, NI DEP a big belly
our big bellies kishátunônash
in my belly nishátuk
His skinny arms and legs didn’t match
his big belly.
-isk, NA DEP elbow
my elbows niskak
on my elbow niskuk
Kusáhqunum niswi kiskak: You broke
both of your elbows.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 80
-isqanákát, FINAL a unit of measurement
the length of the hand to the elbow [a
cubit] preceded by a number
Wuci wihqsh pasuq wuyupaw yin
wihqshuk ôkutak, páyaqisqanákát:
From the uttermost part of the one wing
to the uttermost part of the other were
ten-cubits.1K.6:24
isu-, VAI he is so, is thus (alternate:
uyusu-)
I am thus nutis, s/he is thus isuw,
you and I are thus kutisumun,
be thus! sg isush, be thus! pl isuq,
let’s be thus! isutuk
that he is so isut
Isuw áwipát: He is so calm.
isuwáyu-, ViI it is colored
it is colored isuwáyuw,
they are colored isuwáyush,
that it is colored isuwák,
that they are colored isuwáks
Wupitkôsonuk ayôpshay ôkhuk wuci
isuwák môsôpish, tá ayáhsak: Her
garment was buckskin, decorated with
colored beads, and shells.
-itôp, NA DEP friend
my friend nitôp, my friends nitôpák,
on my friend nitôpák,
his/her friend witôpah,
our friend (yours and mine) kitôpun
Kicawutô wámi yo ásqam kitôpánônak
piyôhutut: let’s get this all cleaned up
before our friends arrive. Ayuw áyuwi
qunáyuw, nitôp: It’s been too long, my
friend.
-itôps, NA DEP sibling of opposite sex
(man's sister or woman's brother)
my opposite sex sibling nitôps,
my opposite sex siblings nitôpsak,
on my opposite sex sibling nitôpsuk,
his/her opposite sex sibling witôpsah
Sqá ahuyáw witôpsah witôp: The
woman calls her brother her friend.
-ituksq, NA DEP a woman's sister
(possessor must be a woman)
my sister nituksq,
my sisters nituksqak,
on my sister nituksquk,
her sister wituksqah,
your and my sister kituksqun
Niyok witukusqáh nákum, tá yo
wáhsukah: She is my wife’s sister and
this is her husband.
iwá-, VAI he says, says so
I say so nutiwá, he says so iwá,
you and I say so kutiwámun,
Say so! sg iwásh, Say so! pl iwáq,
that he says so iwát
‘Kiyaw’ nutiwá, mut ‘ki’, kiyaw niswi
uyuwamow: I said you [all], not ‘you’,
that means both of you! Iyo kiyaw iwáq:
Now you say it.
iwômu-, VII it says (so), means, signifies
it signifies iwômuw,
they signify iwômush
that it signifies iwômuk,
that they signify iwômuks
Iwômuw: Sqá piyô wuci inah picák: It
is said: woman came from man’s rib.
iyaki-, VII it is, it exists (not used with a
location)
it exists iyaki, they exist iyakish,
that it exists iyakik,
that they exist iyakiks
Wutôtunum shayak, qá náwáw iyakak
cánaw kucohkônah: He pulled down the
robes and saw that it was only a doll.
-iyan, NI DEP tongue
someone’s tongue miyan,
some people’s tongues miyansh,
on someone’s tongue miyanuk,
my tongue niyan,
his/her tongue wiyan,
our (yours and mine) tongues
kiyanunônash
Kisqutuyôn, tápatáw niyan: When I am
angry, he cools my tongue.
iyáni, ADV all sorts of, of every kind
Iyakish iyáni citsak: There are many
kinds of birds.
iyo, ADV now alternate: yo
Iyo aquwak kukucohkônunônak: Our
dolls are dressed now. Nik
natawahamutô iyo: Let’s go visit my
house now.
-iyok, NA DEP wife
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 81
my wife niyok,
my wives niyokanak,
on my wife niyokanuk,
his wife wiyokanah,
your and my wives kiyokanunônak
their wives wiyokanuwôwah
Niyok witukusqáh nákum, tá
wáhsukah: She is my wife’s sister and
her husband.
-iyum, NA DEP sister-in-law (originally,
'cross-sibling-in-law')
my sister-in-law niyum,
my sister-in-laws niyumak,
on my sister-in-law niyumuk,
his/her sister-in-law wiyumah
your and my sister-in-law
kiyumunônash
Niyum yo tá wáhsukah: This is my
sister-in-law and her husband.
-iywi, NI DEP navel, bellybutton
our navels kiywinônash,
in my navel kiywik
Puqi yumwáyi niywi: Ashes filled
my navel.
K
k’hpáy, NI forest, woods (alternative
spelling: kuhpáy)
forests k’hpáyash,
in the forest k’hpák
K’hpayuk acá muks: The wolf hunts in
the forest.
kaci, ADV already (indicates
completion)
Ciwi pôhsqá, kaci numic nutináy sômi
yôtumôn: It is nearly noon, already I ate
my dinner because I was hungry . FF
kacihto-, VTI he finishes it
I finish it nukacihto,
s/he finishes it kacihtôw,
you and I finish it kukacihtomun
Finish it! sg kacihtawush,
Finish it! pl kacihtawoq,
when he finishes it kácihtôk
Upihsháw, tápi yo kukacihto?:
Blossom, can you finish this? Tápáks
kukacihtomun: Whenever it is enough,
we are done.
kaciyá-, VAI he goes or comes out of
I go out of nukaciyáw,
s/he goes out of kaciyáw,
you and I go out of kukaciyáwámun,
Go out! sg kaciyásh,
Go out! pl kaciyáq,
Let’s get out! kaciyátuk
that he goes out of kaciyát
Kaciyásh nucupuwicuw: Get out of my
room!
kackáy, NI a piece, a portion, or
fragment of
pieces kackáyash,
on the piece kackák
Qá mak kackáy cupisakatôk wici
nákum, kotayáw mihtuq: And taking a
piece of curd with him, he began to climb
a tree.
kahôk, NA goose
geese kahôkak,
on the goose kahôkuk
Kahôkak towuwak sôwanayo: The
geese are flying south.
kakiwá-, VAI he is drunk
I am drunk nukakiwá,
s/he is drunk kakiwá,
you and I are drunk kukakiwámun,
Get drunk! sg kakiwásh,
Get drunk! pl kakiwáq,
that he is drunk kákiwát
Katawi kukakiwá: You are going to get
drunk.
-kamuq, FINAL an artificial enclosure, a
building not used for a dwelling; also
denoting parts or types of buildings.
buildings -kamuqsh,
at the buildings -kamuquk
Awáyáhsak wacônucik apuwôk wuci
waskicikamuq qunôkan: The animals
were kept in a place with a tall roof.
katawi, INIT he is going to, intends to,
about to
Cáqan katawimicuw áhsup?: What’s
the raccoon going to eat?
katukôm-, VAI he is sleepy
I am sleepy nukatukôm,
s/he is sleepy katukôm,
you and I are sleepy kukatukômumun,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 82
they are sleepy katukômak
Be sleepy! sg katukômsh,
Be sleepy! pl katukômoq,
that he is sleepy kátukôk
Nukatukôm, nukawi: I am sleepy, I am
going to sleep. FF
katumu-, VII it is a year
it is a year katumuw,
they are years katumush, katumsh,
that there is a year kátumuk,
that there are years kátumuks
Áhkihcámuk. Iyo kucshun katumuw:
Planting time. The year begins now.
katumuw, NI a year
years katumuwash,
in the year katumuwuk
Nuqut Mohiks katumuw: One Mohegan
year. Ôkowi kutapumôpa mutáwiyush
katumuwash, wipi iyo kuputukimô qá
yotay kutapumô: You all lived away for
many years, but now you have come back
and you live here.
katunum-, VTI he takes off clothing
I undress nukatunum,
s/he undresses katunum,
you and I undress kukatunumumun,
they undress katunumak
Undress! sg katunumsh,
Undress! pl katunumoq,
Let’s undress! Katunumutuk
that they undress kátunuk
Katunumsh kuwáwôpaks qá
nutôc’tiyáw: Take off your shirt and I
will mend it.
kawi-, VAI he sleeps, is asleep
I am asleep nukawi,
s/he is asleep kawi,
you and I are asleep kukawimun,
Go to sleep! sg kawish,
Go to sleep! pl kawiq,
Let’s sleep! kawituk
when he is asleep káwit
Tápkuks kawiw: At nighttime he sleeps.
Côci nukawi! Kawish!: I need to sleep!
Go to sleep! Nukatukôm, nukawi: I am
sleepy, I go to sleep.FF
Kawtántowit, NA the Creator, the
spiritual force of the universe
in Káwtántowit Káwtántowituk
Káwtántowit kukis’huwáwuqun;
Manto kutatohumuqun: Káwtántowit
made us; Manto owns us.GT Qá
Kawtántowit pish na nitay
anunumáwuquw nanukshayi mutáh, tá
sáwiks muskisuqash: but the Lord shall
give thee there a trembling heart, and
failing of eyes…Deut.28:65
kawus, NI a thorn, a briar
thorns kawusash
on the thorns kawusuk
Kawusash áhta yosh kihcáwôkanuk:
Thorns are on those plants.
kayoy-, VTA he speaks to him
I speak to him nukayoyô,
s/he speaks to him kayoyáw,
you and I speak to him kukayoyômun,
they speak to him kayoyak
Go speak to him! sg kayos,
Go speak to him! pl kayoyohq,
Let’s speak to him! kayoyutuk
that he speaks to him káyoyôt
Nukayoyô in: I am talking to the man.
Kayoyáw muks wiyonah: The wolf is
talking to the moon. Kayos sqá:
(singular you) Talk to the woman.
Kayoyohq sqá: (plural you) Talk to the
woman. Káyoyôt wutqun: Talking stick.
kayoyuwôk, NI word, language
words kayoyuwôkansh,
in the language kayoyuwôkanuk
Kayoyuwôk mihkunum kitiyayôk wuci
wutaymôyin: Language holds the life
force of a nation.
kácitpiyawat, NI trunk of a tree
tree trunks kácitpiyawatash
on the tree trunk kácitpiyawatuk
Shwi skitôpak mihkunumhutut
wicuwôwash mutu tápi-qunupáhtôwak
kácitpiyawat: Three people holding
hands could not encompass the tree
trunk.
káhsh, NA cow
cows káhshunak,
on the cow káhshunuk
Káhsh kusamô: You feed the cow. Cits
káhshuk: The bird is on the cow.
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káhtkôwi, NI a summit or high place, the
top of a hill
summits káhtkôwish,
on the summit káhtkôwik
Wuci káhtkôwik, Wôks tápinam
kiht’han: From the summit, Uncas could
see the ocean.
káhtôpskáwuk, NI the top of a rock, the
summit of a cliff or crag
summits káhtôpskáwukansh
on the summit káhtôpskáwukanuk
Ámáwunamôwôwah i káhtôpskáwuk,
qá skukanumôwôwah wuci
káhtôpskáwuk: They took them to the
top of the rock, and cast them down from
the top of the rock.Chr25:12
káhtôquwuk, NI a pile, a heap, that
which is heaped high, by placing one
above another
heaps káhtôquwukansh
in the pile káhtôquwukanuk
Tamakan nipawash ôyatuh
káhtôquwuk: The floods stood
upright as a heap.Ex 15:8
kátsh, NI the beginning of what
continues to be
beginnings kátshash,
in the beginning kátshuk
Wuski kátshuk Manto ayum kisuk tá
áhki: In the new beginning God created
the heaven and the earth.Gen1:1
Yo uspunawán quni-yôwat, kátshuk
pômkoki: This all happened a very long
time ago, back in the beginning of the
world.
kátunum-, VTI he pulls one thing out of
another
I pull it out nukátunum,
s/he pulls it out kátunum,
you and I pull it out kukátunumun,
Pull it out! sg kátunumsh
Pull it out! pl kátunumoq,
Let’s pull it out! kátunumutuk
that he pulls it out kátunuk
Kipi, spunum wic i kunôk qá wuci
káhtkôwi kunôk kátunum quniwohpsk: Quickly, she lifted her hand to
her head and from the top of her head
pulled out a long hair.
‘ki, NI land, earth, dirt, ground
(alternative spelling: ahki)
lands ‘kish, in the ground ‘kik
my land nuki,
his/her land wuki
your and my land kukiyun
‘Ki áhtá k’kunôkanuk: Dirt is on your
head; Kik áhtá piyôkut: The blanket is
on the ground. Mutu numic wiyawhs
nusáhki ahki: I will eat no flesh while
the world standeth.1Cor.8:13
Kon cáci katawi. Tápi nunáwô ‘ki
yôpowi: Snow half gone. I can see the
ground early this morning.FF
ki, PRON you (singular)
plural kiyaw on you kiyôk
Ki tôn kutay?: How are you? (Ki used
for emphasis.)
kicá-, VAI he recovers, feels better
I feel better nukicá,
s/he recovers kicá,
you and I recover kukicámun,
Feel better! sg kicásh,
Feel better! pl kicáq,
Let’s feel better! kicátuk
that he feels better kicát
Yo kisk nukicá: Today I feel better.
‘kihcá- , VAI do planting, plant
something (alternate spelling:
ahkihcá-)
I plant nukihcá, s/he plants kihcá,
you and I plant kukihcámun,
Plant! sg kihcásh, Plant! pl kihcáq,
Let’s plant! ‘kihcátuk
that he plants ôhkihcát
Kihcátuk yosh masqusitash
tayhkihcáwôkanuk: Let’s plant these
beans in the garden. Inak kihcák
inpáwôk: The men plant the tobacco.
‘kihcáwôk, NI planting, plant(s);
(alternate spelling: ahkihcáwôk)
plantings kihcáwôkansh,
in the planting kihcáwôkanuk
Kihcáwôk Wiyon: planting moon
kihcapun-, VTA he torments him, makes
him suffer
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 84
I torment him nukihcapunô,
s/he torments him kihcapunáw,
you and I torment him kukihcapunômun,
they torment him kihcapunak
let’s torment him! kihcapunôtuk,
torment him! sg kihcapun,
torment him! pl kihcapunohq,
that he torments him kihcapunôt
Kihcapunáw yôtum in naspi wiyawhs:
He tormented the hungry man with the
meat.
kihcu-, VII it is chief, principal, superior
it is chief kihcuw,
they are chief kihcush,
that it is chief kihcuk,
that they are chief kihcuks
T’kikam kihcuw wuci nunupák: The
spring is principal for fresh water.
kiht-, Prenoun chief, principal, greatest
…qut nuqut kucohkôn wustôw
kihtmáhshák ôk ôkutakansh: but one
doll was made larger than the rest.
kihtam-, VTI listen to it (alternative
spelling: kuhkitam-)
I listen to it nukihtam,
s/he listens to it kihtam,
you and I listen to it kukihtamumun,
Let’s listen to it kihtamutuk
Listen to it! sg kihtamsh,
Listen to it! pl kihtamoq,
that he listens to it kihtak
Piyôsh, kihtamsh yo ihtôqat: Come
here, listen to this story.
kihtahan, NI ocean, sea
oceans kihtahansh,
in the ocean kihtahanuk
Qá ôpitak, ôqi ôqanumwihiyô
kihtahan máyuk: And afterward
he did more grievously afflict her
by the way of the sea.Is.9:1
kihtahanupáq, NI seawater
in the seawater kihtahanupáquk
Áhqi wutatamsh kiht’hanupáq: Don’t
drink the seawater!
kihtaw-, VTA he listens to him
I listen to him nukihtawô,
s/he listens to him kihtawáw,
you and I listen to him kukihtawômun,
Let’s listen to him! kihtawutuk
Listen to him! sg kihtaw,
Listen to him! pl kihtôhq,
that he listens to him kihtwôt
Pôhshi mutôm kihtawáwak Manto:
Some never listen to God. FF
-kihtiqáynic, NI DEP the thumb
my thumbs nukihtiqáynicish
on my thumb nukihtiqáynicik
Aquw yôpko wukihtiqáynicik: He
wore a band on his thumb.
-kihtiqáysit, NI DEP the big toe
my big toes nukihtiqáysitásh
on my big toe nukihtiqáysiták
Nahahtôwi nusituk áyuwi qunáyuw ôk
nukihtiqáysit: My second toe is longer
than my big toe.
kikátohká-, VAI he goes on talking,
talks much, babbles
I talk alot nukikátohká,
s/he talks alot kikátohká,
you and I talk alot kukikátohkámun,
Babble! sg kikátohksh,
Babble! pl kikátohkáq,
that he goes on talking kikátohkát
Kikátohká naquti: She babbles
continually.
kikimôqá-, VAI he whispers
I whisper nukikimôqá,
s/he whispers kikimôqá,
you and I whisper kukikimôqámun,
Whisper! sg kikimôqásh,
Whisper! pl kikimôqáq,
that he whispers kikimôqát
Kikimôqásh! Páhpohs kawi:
Whisper! The baby is asleep.
kikum, NI an arrow
arrows kikumash
on the arrow kikumuk
Qáskik áhta kikumuk: Venum was on
the arrow.
kinakinik, NI window
windows kinakinikansh,
in the window kinakinikanuk
Wáhkasah Susiya sáhoqáyuw
kinakinikanuk qá mushôtowáw:
Sisera’s mother looked out the window
and shouted.Judg.5:28
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kinuki, PREP among
Yok pupunashumak pish
máwháwôwak kinuki wámi
pupunashumak nik ahkik: These
are the beasts which you shall eat
among all the beasts that are on the
earth.Lev.11.2
kinum-, VTI he carries it (in the hand)
I carry it nukinum,
s/he carries it kinum,
you and I carry it kukinumumun,
Carry it! sg kinumsh,
Carry it! pl kinumoq,
Let’s carry it! kinumutuk
that he carries it kinuk
Qi wacuwuk wici nahakánônak mus
kukinum wámi ni?: Will you carry all of
that up the hill with us? Piyôq qá
kinumoq yosh áskotash: You (all) come
and carry these pumpkins!
kinumáw-, VTA he carries him
I carry him nukinumáw,
s/he carries him kinumáw,
you and I carry him kukinumáwômun,
Let’s carry him kinumátuk
Carry him! sg kinumásh,
Carry him! pl kinumáq,
that he carries him kinumák
Nusuwi kinumáw kôkci noy’hc: He
carries the huge deer alone.
kipi, ADV quickly, fast, hastily, in a
hurry
Apiq kipi qihshô: The flea jumps
quickly.
kipshô-, VAI he goes fast, quickly
I go fast nukipshô,
s/he goes fast kipshá,
you and I go fast kukipshômun,
Go fast! sg kipshôsh,
Go fast! pl kipshôq,
Let’s go fast! kipshôtuk
that he goes fast kipshôt
Wôk nipás paspushá, qá nipas wayô,
qá kipshô i ayuwôk áhta páspishôt:
The sun also rises, and the sun goes down
and hastens to his place where he
arose.Eccl.1:5
kipunum-, VTI he harvests it
I harvest it nukipunum,
s/he harvests it kipunum,
you and I harvest it kukipunumumun,
let’s harvest it kipunumutuk
Harvest it! sg kipunumsh,
Harvest it! pl kipunumoq,
that he harvests it kipunuk
Mus kukipunumumun askot qáyi wuci
nipuk: We will harvest the squash at the
end of summer.
kipunumuwôk, NI harvest
harvests kipunumuwôkansh,
at the harvest kipunumuwôkanuk
Kipunumuwôk Wiyon: Harvest Moon.
kishtutu-, VAI he washes self, bathes
I bathe nukishtut,
s/he bathes kishtutuw,
you and I bathes kukishtutumun,
Bathe! sg kishtutush,
Bathe! pl kishtutuq,
that he bathes kishtutut
Qáyi wuci kusutá kisk cáquk, côci
nukishtut nahak: At the end of a hot
day in the swamp, I must bathe myself.
kisi-, PREVERB after, finished, completed
Wikáyuwôk wuci kisiwuyôkpuwôk: A
sweet for after dinner.
kisk, NI day [traditional spellings: gisk,
kisuq]
days kiskash, on the day kiskuk
Wikun kisk: Good day. Yo kisk wikun:
Today is good. FF
kisqutu-, VAI he is angry
I am angry nukisqut,
s/he is angry kisqutuw,
you and I are angry kukisqutumun,
let’s be angry! kisqututuk
Be angry! sg kisqutush,
Be angry! pl kisqutuq,
that he is angry kisqutut
Numusqôhtam pátupahshatoyak yôpi
áskotash: I am angry we have dropped
the pumpkins again!
kisukat-, VII it is day, a day (iyo
kisukahk: today)
it is day kisukat,
they are days kisukatash
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whenever it is day kisukáhk,
that they are days kisukáhks
Iyo kisukahk, nimskamwak yohkhik
Mohiksinak: Today, Mohegans get
cornmeal.
kisuq, NI sky, heaven
in the sky kisuquk
Kisuq siwôpáyush: The sky is blue. Yo,
ayaksak pon kisukuk: Here, put the
stars in the sky. Kukátantamowôk iyaki
it pômkokik uyáyuw ôkowi kisuquk:
Thy will be done on earth as it is in
heaven.
kisusq, NA sun
in the sun kisusquk
Kisusq wikuw, pátôhtá wimonák: The
sun is good, rising clear. FF
kisutá-, VII it is cooked, prepared for
eating
it is cooked kisutáw
they are cooked kisutásh
that it is cooked kisuták
whenever it is cooked kisutáks
Wuyôkpuwôk ciwi kisutáw: Supper is
nearly cooked.
kitakamuko, NI mainland
on the mainland kitakamukok
Quni-yôwat in pumôtam munhanuk
yôwatuk wuci kitakamuko: Long ago
there lived a man upon an island far from
the mainland. Sqá wut’hki
kitakamukok: The woman lived on the
mainland.
kitasot, NA king
kings kitasotak
on the king kitasotuk
Qá kitasot qipinum wuskisuq qá
wuyônumôwuqak: And the king turned
his face and blessed them.1K.8:14
kitasotam-, VAI he is king
I am king nukitasotam,
s/he is king kitasotam,
you and I are king kukitasotamun,
Be king! sg kitasotamsh,
Be king! pl kitasotamq,
Let’s be king! kitasotamutuk,
that he is king kitasotamak,
that they are king kitasotamhutut
Ki kitasotamák, páhqáhunáw kahak:
If you are king, save yourself.Lk.23:37
kitiyayôk, NA life; the life principle or
vital force, ‘the soul’
lives kitiyayôkanak,
in the soul kitiyayôkanuk
Sun kisk nit waskitôp ôqanumwihiyô
kitiyayôkah?: Is it a day when a man
torments his soul?Is.58:5
kiyamô, NA spoon
spoons kiyamôk,
in the spoon kiyamôk
Numic sápahik naspi kiyamô: I eat
soup with a spoon.
kiyaw, PRON you (plural)
you (sing) ki on you kiyôk
Iyo kiyaw iwáq: Now you all say it.
kiyawun, PRON we, us (inclusive)
Wici wámi kiyawun inkôtôk: A picture
of all of us.
‘kiyo, ADV earthward, toward the
ground (alternate spelling: ahkiyo)
Musqayan kiyo tuksuni ki: The hawk
falls toward the ground.
koci, ADV it begins, has its origin or
source (marks the beginning of the
action)
Nit wuci koci skitôpak wihkumwak
uwisuwôk Kawtántowit: …then began
men to call upon the name of the
Lord.Gen.4:26
kohkokihs, NA little owl
little owls kohkokihsak,
in the owl kohkokihsuk
Kohkokihsak ayuwak wacuk: The little
owls were in their nest.
‘kohq, NA kettle, cooking pot
(Alternative spelling: kohqihs,
ahkohqihs)
pots kohqak, in the kettle kohquk
Yo kohq mihkunum mutáwi sôp ôk yo
kohqihs: This pot holds more corn soup
than this small pot.
‘kohqihs, NI small kettle, cooking pot
(Alternative spelling: kohq,
ahkohqihs)
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 87
little pots kohqihsak,
in the little pots kohqihsuk
Kohqihs numwáy sôp: The small kettle
is full of corn soup.
kôkciwiwis, NA great owl
great owls kôkciwiwisak,
on the great owl kôkciwiwisuk
Kôkciwiwis acá musqaniksak: The
great owl hunted the squirrels.
kokotayam, NA owl
owls kokotayamak
on the owl kokotayamuk
Kokotayam pásawáw nupuwôk: The
owl brings death.
kon, NA snow (on the ground) (see:
socpo-)
snows konak, in the snow konuk
Kon. Socpow: Snow. It is snowing!
kopayáhs, NA frog
frogs kopayáhsak,
on the frog kopayáhsuk
Kopayáhs apuw nupsapáquk: The frog
is in the pond. Kihtamsh sisikocik
kopayáhsak: Listen to the peeping frogs.
kotum-, VTA he teaches him
I teach him nukotumô,
he teaches him kotumáw,
you and I teach him kukotumômun,
Teach him! sg kotum,
Teach him! pl kotumohq,
Let’s teach him! kotumutuk
that he teaches him kotumôt
Nis Awáhsohsak kotumáw
wunámônah unohumáwôkansh: Two
Bears teaches his son songs.
kotumcá-, VAI he teaches
I teach nukotumcá,
he teaches kotumcá,
you and I teach kukotumcámun,
Teach! sg kotumcásh,
Teach! pl kotumcáq,
Let’s teach! kotumcátuk
that he teaches kotumcát
Kotumcá t’hkamuquk: He teaches at
the beach.
kotunihto-, VTI he adds to it, increases it
I increase it nukotunihto,
s/he increases it kotunihtôw,
you and I increase it kukotunihtomun,
Let’s increase it! kotunihtotuk
Add to it! sg kotunihtawush,
Add to it! pl kotunihtawoq,
that he adds to it kotunihtôk
‘Kotunihtawush’ uyuwamow yo
kunasuwôk: This mark means “add it.”
kow, NA pine, fir
pines kowák, in the pines kowák
Kow mutawi qunôkan: The fir tree is
very tall.
kôcto-, VTI he hides it
I hide it nukôcto,
he hides it kôctôw,
you and I hide it kukôctomun,
Hide it! sg kôctawush,
Hide it! pl kôctawoq,
that he hides it kôctôk
Iyo, cáqan uyutáháwôk nukôctomun
yo kisuq?: Now, which emotion will we
hide today?
kôcuci, ADV a little bit, only a little
Nuwacônô cánaw kôcuci muni: I have
only a little money. FF
kôkci-, INIT big, huge, great [traditional
spellings: gunche, gunci, as in
Gunche Mundo]
Kôkcimanotá nucôhtam: I want the big
basket.
kôkicá-, VAI he is well, healthy
I am well nukôkicá,
s/he is well kôkicá,
you and I are well kukôkicámun,
Be well! sg kôkicásh,
Be well! pl kôkicáq,
Let’s be well! kôkicátuk
that he is well kôkicák
Aquy, nitôp. Nukôkicá. Ki tôn
kutaya?: Greetings, my friend. I am
well! How are you? Kôkicásh, nitôp!
Be well, my friend!
kôkôc, NA crow
crows kôkôcak, on the crow kôkôcuk
Kôkôc sukisuw: The crow is black.
kôkôpus, NA butterfly
butterflies kôkôpusak
on the butterfly kôkôpusuk
Cáhsuw kôkôpusak ayuw cukánuk:
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 88
How many butterflies are in the field?
kôkuton-, VAI he is thirsty
I am thirsty nukôkuton,
s/he is thirsty kôkuton,
you and I are thirsty kukôkutonmun,
Let’s be thirsty! kôkutonutuk,
that he is thirsty kôkutok
Misum nupi! Nukôkuton: Give me
water! I am thirsty.
kôkuw, NI sock, stocking, legging
socks kôkuwansh,
on the socks kôkuwanuk
Yotay nukôkuwansh: Here are my
socks.
kôpako, NI leaves
leaves kôpakok
in the leaves kôpakok
Awáhsohs putaqi kôpakok wuci
mihtuq: The bear was hidden in the
leaves of the tree.
kôq, NA porcupine
porcupines kôqak,
on the porcupine kôquk
Kôq ayuw mihtuquk: The porcupine is
in the tree. Cáqan ayuw kôquk? : What
is on the porcupine?
kôskáyu-, VII it is rough (alternate:
kôshkáyu-)
it is rough kôskáyuw,
they are rough kôskáyush
that it is rough kôskák,
that they are rough kôskáks
Yo sun kôskáyuw: This stone is rough.
kôta, ADV at the same time, in the same
place; in close association
Kôta kitokátuk: Let’s talk together.
kucohkôn, NA a doll, a statue
dolls kucohkônak,
on the doll kucohkônuk
…qut nuqut kucohkôn wustôw kihtmáhshák ôk ôkutakansh: …but one doll
was made larger than the rest. Ciqunapi,
kucshunsh sáhwustow kucohkônak:
Quietly, she set about making some dolls.
Náwôwak kucohkônah qá ô yaqi
pásuq: He saw the dolls and went
towards one.
kucshun-, VII it begins, starts
it begins kucshun,
they begin kucshunsh
that it begins kácshuk,
that they begin kácshuks
Áhkihcámuk. Iyo kucshun katumuw:
Planting time. The year begins now.
kucumôksu-, VAI he is pitiful, poor,
wretched, miserable (alternate spelling:
kucumôkusu-)
I am poor nukucumôks,
s/he is poor kucumôksuw,
you and I are poor kukucumôksumun,
Be miserable! sg kucumôksush,
Be miserable! pl kucumôksuq,
Let’s be miserable! kucumôksutuk
that he is pitiful kácumôksut
Katawi nunáwô kucumôksut
mukacuks pôkasuw: I am going to see
the pitiful boy who is lame. FF
kucusum-, VTA he washes him
I wash him nukucusumô,
s/he washes him kucusumáw,
you and I wash him kukucusutomun,
Wash him! sg kucusum,
Wash him! pl kucusumohq,
Let’s wash him! kucusumutuk
that he washes him kácusumôt
Páhsut tápi kukucusumômô
kahakáwôwak: Later you can wash your
bodies.
kucusuto-, VTI he washes it, cleans it (as
body part)
I clean it nukucusuto,
s/he cleans it kucusutôw,
you and I clean it kukucumôkusumun,
Wash it! sg kucusutawush,
Wash it! pl kucusutawoq,
that he washes it kácucutôk
Kiciwôwash kucusutawoq: Wash your
(pl) hands!
kumotu-, VAI he steals
I steal nukumot,
s/he steals kumotuw,
you and I steal kukumotumun,
Steal! sg kumotush,
Steal! pl kumotuq,
that he steals kámotut
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…kaci tápi kámotuyak: …that they
could steal. FF
Kumotuwin mutu piyo, qut kámotut tá
náhshôt, tá pákowatiyát: The thief
doesn’t come, but to steal and kill and
destroy.John10:10
kunam-, VTI he looks at it
I look at it nukunam,
s/he looks at it kunam,
you and I look at it kukunamumun,
Let’s look at it! kunamutuk,
Look at it! sg kunamsh,
Look at it! pl kunamoq,
that he looks at it kának
Piyôsh tá kunamsh w’sintamawôk
inkôtôkansh: Come and look at the
wedding pictures. Kunicôn mus
numihkunô, wáci tápi kunamáq áyuwi
kuski: I will hold your baby so you can
look more closely.
kunamáchk, NA otter
otters kunamáchkak,
on the otter kunamáchkuk
Kunamáchk páhkshatuw poqáhah
wuyakusuk: The otter breaks clams on
his belly.
kunasuwôk, NI a letter, sign, mark
letters kunasuwôkansh,
in the letter kunasuwôkanuk
‘Kotunihtawush’ uyuwamow yo
kunasuwôk: This mark means “add it.”
Mômansh nunatiniham ôkowi kisuq
wuci kunasuwôkansh: Sometimes I
search beyond the sky for signs.
kunaw-, VTA he looks at him
I look at him nukunawô,
s/he looks at him kunawáw,
you and I look at him kukunawômun,
Let’s look at him kunawutuk,
Look at him! sg kunaw,
Look at him! pl kunôhq,
that he looks at him kánawôt
Kunaw kôkôc pôhput konuk: Look at
the crow playing in the snow!
kuniyáw, VTA he beholds someone
I meet him nukuniyáwô,
s/he meets him kuniyáw,
you and I meet him kukuniyáwômun,
Let’s meet him kuniyáwutuk,
Meet him! sg kuniyáw,
Meet him! pl kuniyáhq,
that he meets him kániyáwôt
Kuniyásh yo wuci wuyituwôk tá
ôqinihuwawôk Manto: Behold therefore
the goodness and severity of God.Rom.11:22
kupat, NI ice
ices kupatunsh,
on the ice kupatunuk
Niqi! Kupat wasapáyuw nupsapáquk:
Dangerous! The ice is thin on the pond.
kupáyu-, VII it is closed, shut
it is closed kupáyuw,
they are closed kupáyush
that it is shut kápák,
whenever it is shut kápáks
Nutáh kupáyuw, ni yáyuw: My heart is
closed, it is so. FF
kup’ham-, VTI he closes it, shuts it
I shut it nukup’ham,
s/he shut it kup’ham,
you and I shut it kukup’hamumun,
Shut it! sg kup’hamsh,
Shut it! pl kup’hamôq,
Let’s shut it! kup’hamutuk
that he shuts it káp’hak
Sokuyôks nukup’ham kinakinikansh:
Whenever it is raining I close the
windows.
kupqat-, VII it is cloudy, overcast
it is cloudy kupqat,
they are cloudy kápqáhk,
when it is cloudy kápqáhks
Mutáwi kupqat: It is very cloudy.
Kupqat wámi kisk tá sokuyôn nupáw
kiskash: It was cloudy all day and it has
rained for five days. FF
kusaputá-, VII it is hot, heated (of
substances or food, not weather)
it is hot kusaputá,
they are hot kusaputásh
that it is hot kásaputák,
when they are hot kásaputáks
Yo nupi kusaputáw: This water is hot.
kusawasikamuq, NI casino ‘gambling
building’
casinos kusawasikamuqash,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 90
in the casino kusawasikamuquk
Yotay kusawasikamuq: Here is the
Casino!
kusawasu-, VAI he gambles, plays at a
betting game
I gamble nukusawas,
s/he gambles kusawasuw,
you and I gamble kukusawasumun,
Let’s gamble! kusawasutuk
Gamble! sg kusawasush,
Gamble! pl kusawasuq,
that he gambles kásawasut
Kusawasuw wucáqin ôkowi: He
gambled his house away.
kusawôk, NI skirt
skirts kusawôkansh,
on the skirt kusawôkanuk
Pitkôs asu kusawôk côhtam áqunuk? :
Does she want to wear a dress or a skirt?
Môsôpish nuponam kusawôkanuk: I
am putting beads on the skirt.
kusáhkôy, NI a summit, point of rock or
earth, a crag, “high hill”
summits kusáhkôyash
on the summit kusáhkôyuk
it flows kusucuwan,
they flow kusucuwanash
that it flows kusucuwak,
that they flow kusucuwaks
Wacuwash pish sáhkátôk tômakanash,
qá wámi Cotá siposh kusucuwan nupi:
The hills will flood with milk, and all the
rivers of Judah will flow with water.Joel3:18
kusutá-, VII it is hot (of weather)
it is hot kusutá,
that it is hot kásuták,
whenever it is hot kásutáks
Wutatamsh nupi! Kásutá yo kisk:
Drink water! It is hot today.
kutomá-, VAI he sings
I sing nukutomá,
s/he sings kutomá,
you and I sing kukutomán,
Sing! sg kutomásh,
Sing! pl kutomáq,
that he sings kátomát
Micuwak yosh Manto miyáw, ôtay
kutomák: They eat these things God
gives them, then they sing. FF
Kusáhkôy spowôk wuci wôpsuqak:
The summit is a refuge for the eagles.
kusápusu-, VAI he is hot, feels hot (used
as in a human experiencing heat)
I feel hot nukusápus,
s/he feels hot kusápusuw,
you and I feel hot kukusápusumun,
Let’s get hot! kusápusutuk
Get hot! sg kusápusush,
Get hot! pl kusápusuq,
that he feels hot kásápusut
Ciwi pôhsqá, kisusq kusápusuw: It is
nearly noon, the sun is hot. FF
kusi, INTERJ lo, behold!
Uyuqôm, qá kusi, táhkotáwôk nipatiyá
ahkik: He dreamed, and behold, a ladder
set up on the earth.Gen.29:12
kuski, PREP near, by, next to (alternate:
kushki)
Kuski nahak mátapsh: Sit near me.
kusucuwan-, VII it flows in a rapid
stream or current, it continues flowing
M
maci-, PRENOUN bad, evil, wicked
Mut iwák macicáqan: They do not say
bad things. FF
macish, ADV at last
Yo wôk wáhtawush, mawmacish
kiskash nunuqi qôpáyuwôkansh pish
piyômush: This know also, that in the
last days perilous times shall come.2Tim.3.1
macisu-, VAI he is an evil doer, is
actively bad
I am an evil doer numacis,
s/he is an evil doer macisuw,
you and I are evil doers kumacisumun
Be an evil doer! sg macisush,
Be an evil doer! pl macisuq,
that he is an evil doer macisut
Nuqusônosh ayumak, nuqusônosh
mácisaq, nuqusônosh kiniyan: Beware
of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware
of a sharp tongue.Phil.3:2
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macitu-, VII it is evil, wicked
it is evil macituw,
that it is evil mácituk,
whenever it is evil mácituks
Tipi macituw; côhtam wámi skitôpak
mácituk. Iwak, wôk: Devil is evil; he
wants all people to be bad. They are,
too! FF
macush, ADV last (in order)
Macush suqi wicuw: He entered the
house last.
makáyu-, VII it is big, great
it is big makáyuw,
that it is big mákák,
whenever it is big mákáks
Wánuksak piyôwak mákák wôpáks
citsuk: White men came on a great white
bird.
makowôk, NI a gift, offering
offerings makowôkansh
in the gift makowôkanuk
Makowôk páhkinuw kôpatam: A gift
blinds the wise.Gen.33:12
mam-, VTI he takes it
I take it numam, s/he takes it mam,
you and I take it kumamumun,
Take it! sg mamsh,
Take it! pl mamoq,
that he takes it mák
Mam wômansh qá ônqshôsh
kákumôw: Take the eggs and sell them.
mam-, VTA he takes him
I take him numamô,
s/he takes him mamáw,
you and I take him kumamumun,
Take him! sg mam,
Take him! pl mamohq,
that he takes him mámôt
Yo, yok mam: Here, take them.
mamitawási-, VAI he pushes out into a
lake or open water
I push out into a lake numamitawási,
s/he pushes out into a lake mamitawási,
you and I push out into open water
kumamitawásimun,
Push out on the lake! sg mamitawásish,
Push out on the lake! pl mamitawásiq,
that he pushes out on the lake
mamitawásit
Wôpak, posiyuw mushoyak qá
mamitawási: When it is dawn, he gets in
his canoe and pushes out on the lake.
Qaci wumushoy, pôsutnasun
takôkansh, nit, mámitawásik nupik,
qihshô mushoyuk yôpi: He jumped off
his canoe, dragged it over the mortars,
then, pushing it back into the water, he
jumped into the canoe again.
mamôyap, NA a spider
spiders mamôyapak,
on a spider mamôyapuk
Mamôyap wuci másqák kunasuwôk
tápi kuwisuq: The spider with the red
mark can harm you.
mamôyapi, ADV of or about a spider
Mamôyapi tôtáw qi mihtuq: He
climbed up the tree like a spider.
mamôyapi hashap, NI spider web
spider webs mamôyapi hashapsh,
in a spider web mamôyapi hashapuk
Mamôyapi táhqunuqak nis
ocáwáhsak mamôyapi hashapuk: The
spider caught two flies in the spider web.
manátawpana, NI an embroidered mat
which women make to line the
wigwam
embroidered mats manátawpanash
on the mat manátawpanuk
Ayumaw wahakah ôqhôkash aqi
manátawpana; wumôyak yohkáyuk tá
pishawák: She makes herself coverings
like tapestry; her clothing is soft and
purple.Prov.31:22
manotá, NI basket
baskets manotásh,
in the basket manoták
Kuwihqitumôsh, manotá nimskamsh:
Please get the basket. Ayômi manoták
ponamsh pawanatôk: put the fan in the
basket.
Manto, NA God [traditional spellings:
Mundu, Mundo; as in Mundu Wigo,
Gunche Mundu]
in God Mantok
Káwtántowit kukis’huwáwuqun;
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Manto kutatohumuqun: Káwtántowit
made us; Manto owns us.GT Manto
wikuw: God is good. FF Manto kôkci,
mutáwi wikuw: God is very great, he is
exceedingly good. FF
manto, NA god, spirit
spirits mantok, in the spirit mantok
Micuwôk tapinôqusuw wuci mantok:
Food fit for the gods.
masqusit, NI bean
beans masqusitash,
in the beans masqusituk
Mus kumukunumumun
wiwáhcumunsh, masqusitash, tá
áskotash: We will pick some corn, beans
and squash. Nuqut masqusit: One bean.
masqusitôp, NA coffee ‘bean liquid’
coffees masqusitôpák
in the coffee masqusitôpuk
Masqusitôp nunimskam: I will get
some coffee.
matantam-, VAI he is unwilling
I am unwilling numatantam,
s/he is willing matantam,
you and I are unwilling kumatantumun,
Be unwilling! sg matantamsh,
Be unwilling! pl matantamq,
Let’s be unwilling! matantamutuk,
that he is unwilling mátantamak,
that they are unwilling mátantamhutut
Nikôni yôksqáhs matantam: At first the
young woman was unwilling.
matantam-, VTI he begrudges (it), he
holds a grudge against (it)
I begrudge it numátantam,
s/he begrudges it matantam,
you and I begrudge it
kumatantamunán,
Begrudge it! sg matantamsh
Begrudge it! pl matantamq,
that he begrudges it mátantamak
Matantam munik wimátah He
begrudged the money his brother had
earned.
matapu-, VAI he sits down, is seated
I sit down numatap,
s/he sits down matapuw,
you and I sit down kumatapumun,
Let’s sit down! mataputuk
Sit down! sg matapsh,
Sit down! pl matapiq,
that he sits down mátaput
Taspowôkanuk mus numatap: I will sit
at the table. Kuski nahak mátapsh: Sit
by me. Mátapiq wuci nahakánônak: Sit
with us, you all!
matôpáwôk, NI evil deed, transgression
evil deeds matôpáwôkansh,
in evil deeds matôpáwôkanuk
Qá áhqôhtamawunán
numatôpáwôkunônash, nánuk uy
áhqôhtamak kihcapunuqiyakuk: And
forgive us our evil doings likewise as we
forgive those who would cause us harm.
matôpi, NI pack basket, tumpline (basket
with cord held over forehead for
carrying)
pack baskets matôpish,
in the pack basket matôpik
Ôtay nuponam numatôpi, qá
nusumuksun: Then I put down my packbasket, and I lied down. FF
matwá-, VAI he is an enemy
I am an enemy matwá,
s/he is an enemy matwá,
you and I are enemies matwámun,
Be an enemy! sg matwásh,
Be an enemy! pl matwáq,
that he is an enemy mátwát
…qá nák qiyunak kisuquk naspi
okatuq, qá wumatáwah
môniyáwak:...and they ascended up to
heaven in a cloud; and their enemies
beheld them.Rev.11.12 Qut paswu
numusinunak ômkik uy matwáw: But
lately my people have risen up as an
enemy.Mic.2:8
mawi, PREV ‘go and’
Kupahkacihtomun;
mawipumôsuwituk: We are finished;
let’s go swimming!
mawmachish, ADV the very last
Yo wôk wáhtawush, mawmacish
kiskash nunuqi qôpáyuwôkansh pish
piyômush: This know also, that in the
last days perilous times shall come.2Tim.3.1
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mawôk, NI a cry, a weeping
cries mawôkansh
in the cry mawôkanuk
Nákumôw pish wápiná pakowônuwôk
wuci mawôk: They shall raise up a cry
of destruction.Is.15:5
mayom, NA wheat, wild rice (‘wild
rice’ the older meaning)
wheats mayomunsh,
in the wheat mayomunuk
Aposush mayom wuci wiyawhs: Cook the
wild rice with meat.
mayuni, ADV slowly, softly, gently
Kihcásh [wuyohtiyôk],
munôqáhtiyásh, qá mayuni
mihkunumsh kuski kutah: Plant it
[peace], fertilize it, and hold it gently
near your heart. SO
máhci-, INIT after, in time; it passes
away, is gone [he has done it]
Wutatam máhcimitsuw: She drinks
after she eats.
máhchumwihtuwôk, NI wasting, a
making of waste
makings of waste
máhshumwihtuwôkansh
in a wasting máhshumwihtuwôkanuk
Wusituwôwash qaqish mácituk,
máhchumwihtuwôk tá pakowônuwôk
máyuk: Their feet run to evil, wasting
and destruction are in their paths.Is.59:7
máhcuná-, VAI he is sick, ill
I am sick numáhcuná,
s/he is sick máhcuná,
you and I are sick kumáhcunámun,
Let’s be sick! máhcunátuk
Get sick! sg máhcunásh,
Get sick! pl máhcunáq,
that he is sick máhcunát
Qá pásowawaw wámi máhcunáhutut
skitôpak ôkapuniyá naspi piyowi
inuniyáwôkansh tá ôqamámowôkansh:
They brought unto him all sick people
that were taken with divers diseases and
torments.Mt.4:24
máhkus, NI shoe, moccasin
moccasins máhkusunsh,
in the moccasin máhkusunuk
his moccasin umáhkus
Winu piwáhcupash umáhkusunsh! :
Her shoes are so little. Pitawush kusit
máhkusunuk: Put your foot in the shoe!
máhshaqát, NI time of famine
times of famine máhshaqátash
in time of famine máhshaqátuk
Qá musikin mutu pish wáhtoyôn kik
niwuci máhshaqát noswutwáwôk
niwuci pish ôqiniyôqát: And the plenty
shall not be known in the land by reason
of that famine following; for it shall be
very grievous.Gen.41:31
máqamtunayo, ADV west; westward
Occom máqamtunayo pumsháw i
Ônayta: Occom traveled westward to
Oneida.
máwhá-, VTA he eats what is alive
I eat what is alive numáwhá,
s/he eats what is alive nimskawáw,
you and I eat what is alive
kumáwháwômun,
Eat what is alive! sg máwháw,
Eat what is alive! pl máwháwohq,
that he eats what is alive máwháwôt
Yok pupunashumak pish
máwháwôwak, kinuki wámi
pupunashumak nik ahkik: These are
the beasts which you shall eat among all
the beasts that are on the earth.Lev.11.2
máy, NI road, path, way
roads máy, in the road máyuk
Qá ôpitak, ôqi ôqanumwihiyô kihtahan
máyuk: And afterward he did more
grievously afflict her by the way of the
sea.Is.9:1
micáhs, NA glove, mitten
gloves micáhsak,
in the glove micáhsuk
Pápoks kutaqunumunán
ôhshoyhqônsh tá micáhsak: Whenever
it is winter we wear hats and mittens.
micu-, VTI he eats it
I eat it numic, s/he eats it micuw,
you and I eat it kumicumun,
Eat it! sg micush, Eat it! pl micuq,
that he eats it micuk
Cáqan katawi-micuw áhsup?: What’s
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the raccoon going to eat? Áhsup uyáw
áyiqsah, “Cáqan micuwak áyiqsak?”:
Raccoon says to Ant, “What do ants eat?”
Kumic sôp yo yôpôwik?: Did you eat
cornmeal mush this morning? Mutu,
mut numicun: No, I did not eat any. Iyo
micutuk sôp: Let’s eat some cornmeal
mush now. Tahniyuk miyak
putukunikanihs, mus umicun: If I give
her a cookie, she will eat it. Micuwak
yosh Manto miyáw, ôtay kutomák:
They eat these things God gives them,
then they sing. FF
micumikamuq, NI a barn, a food house
barns micumikamuqash
in the barn micumikamuquk
Kuwacônumumun kôkci
micumikamuq: We have a great barn.
Awáyáhsak micumikamuquk: The
animals are in the barn.
micumwôk, NI vegetable
vegetables micumuwôkansh,
on the vegetable micumwôkanuk
Pitawush micumuwôkansh kohqihs!:
Put the vegetables in the pot!
micuwôk, NI food
foods micuwôkansh,
in the food micuwôkanuk
Iyo ponamutuk micuwôk
taspowôkanuk: Let's put the food on the
table now! Yo ihtôqat papômi áhsup,
ôkutakanak awáyáhsak, tá
umicuwôkanuw: This is a story about a
raccoon, the other animals, and their
food.
mihkaki, NA youth
youths mihkakik,
on the youth mihkakik
Cupanuwôk mihkakik môwáwiwak
mitsuhutut: The tribal youth gathered to
eat.
mihkawihs, NA a youngster
little ones mihawihsak,
in the little ones mihawihsuk
Yumwáháw mihawihsak wuci
qusháwôk: He filled the youngsters
with fear.
mihkáyu-, VII it is strong
it is strong mihkáyuw,
they are strong mihkáyush
that it is strong mihkák,
whenever it is strong mihkáks
Wutun mihkáyuw yo tápkuk: The wind
is strong tonight. FF
mihki, ADV strongly
Mihki nuwuyôptamun papômi
cáhsháyuwôk: I strongly believe in the
family.
mihkiku-, VAI he is strong
I am strong numihkik,
s/he is strong mihkikuw,
you and I are strong kumihkikumun,
Let’s be strong! mihkikutuk
Be strong! sg mihkikush,
Be strong! pl mihkikuq,
that he is strong mihkikut
Manto mihkikuw ta wámi wáhtôw:
God is strong and all-knowing. FF Manto
wikuw, numiyuq numihkikuwôk wáci
tápi nutômki qá nutáyunamô nahak:
God is good, he gives me my strength so
that I can get up and help myself. FF
mihkun-, VTA he holds him
I hold him numihkunô,
s/he holds him mihkunáw,
you and I hold him kumihkunômun,
let’s hold him! mihkunutuk
Hold him! sg mihkun,
Hold him! pl mihkunohq,
that he holds him mihkunôt
Kunicôn mus numihkunô, wáci tápi
kumamáq áyuwi kuski: I will hold your
baby so you can look more closely. Yo,
wunicônah mihkun: Here, hold her
baby.
mihkunum-, VTI he holds it
I hold it numihkunum,
s/he holds it mihkunum,
you and I hold it kumihkunumumun,
Let’s hold it! mihkunumutuk
Hold it! sg mihkunumsh,
Hold it! pl mihkunumoq,
that he holds it mihkunumak
Kikátohkáwôk mihkunum kitiyayôk
wuci wutaymôyin: Language holds the
life force of a nation. Numihkunum
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siwôpák pôhpaskôk: I am holding the
blue ball. Cáqan kumihkunum nitay?:
What are you holding there? Yo,
mihkunumsh yo: Here, hold this.
Wôcak, piyôkut mihkunumoq:
Everybody, hold the blanket.
mihqônumaw-, VTA he remembers him
I remember him numihqônumawô,
s/he remembers him mihqônumaw,
you and I remember him
kumihqônumawôwun,
Remember him! sg ayunamaw,
Remember him! pl mihqônumôhq,
Let’s remember him! mihqônumawutuk
that s/he remembers him
mihqônumawôt
Manto mihqônumaw Abraham qá
sowunáw Lotah wuci yáyôwi
kiptiyôwôkanuk: God remembered
Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst
of the overthrow.Gen.19:29
mihqônumuwôk, NI memory
memories mihqônumuwôkansh
in the memory mihqônumuwôkanuk
Wumihqônumôwôk pish máhtshiyá
wuci ahki: His remembrance shall perish
from the earth. Job 18:17
mihqôtam-, VTI he remembers it
I remember it numihqôtam,
he remembers it mihqôtam,
you and I remember it
kumihqôtamumun,
Remember it! sg mihqôtamsh,
Remember it! pl mihqôtamoq,
Let’s remember it! mihqôtamutuk,
that s/he remembers it mihqôtak
Numihqôtam nu numacisiyôkash yo
kiskuk: I do remember my faults this
day.Gen.41:9
mihqôtamowôk, NI remembrance, a
memorial
remembrances mihqôtamowôkansh
on the memorial mihqôtamowôkanuk
Mutu mihqôtamowôk wuci pamu
cáqansh: There is no remembrance
for things past.Eccl.1:11
mihtuq, NI tree
trees mihtuqash,
in the tree mihtuquk
Mushaniq apuw mihtuquk: The
squirrel is in the tree.
mikásu-, VAI he strives, contends
I strive numikás,
s/he strives mikásuw,
you and I strive kumikásumun,
Strive! sg mikásush,
Strive! pl mikásuq,
that he strive mikásuk
Awán mus numikásuq?: Who will
contend with me?Is.50:8
mikiskutu-, VAI he is lazy
I am lazy numikiskut,
s/he is lazy mikiskutuw,
you and I are lazy kumikiskutumun,
Let’s be lazy! mikiskututuk
Be lazy! sg mikiskutush,
Be lazy! pl mikiskutuq,
that he is lazy mikiskutut
Mikiskutut pasuq nukayáw: The lazy
one is left behind.
mikôná-, VTA he contends with him,
strives against him
I contend with him numikôná,
s/he contends with him mikônáw,
you and I contend with him
kumikônámun,
Let’s contend with him mikônátuk
contend with him! sg mikônásh,
contend with him! pl mikônohq,
that he contends with him mikônát
…qá ayitiyáw mikônohq: and
contend with him in battle.Deut.2:24
mikôtiyá-, VAI he makes war, contends,
fights
I make war numikôtiyá,
s/he make wars mikôtiyá,
you and I make war kumikôtiyámun,
Make war! sg mikôtiyásh,
Make war! pl mikôtiyáq,
that he makes war mikôtiyát
Kutayitiyámô, qá kumikôtiyámô, qut
mutu kutáhtawumô, niwuci mata
kuwihqitumamô: ye fight and war, yet
ye have not, because ye ask not.Jas.4:2
mikucut, NI feces, dung, shit, manure
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in the feces mikucutuk
Kuwacônum mikucut kumáhkus: You
have dung on your shoe. Kutôtanihkun
náhtiyá mikucutuk: You stepped in dog
feces.
minkiyi, ADV harder, firmer
Qino minkiyi squnum uy wásqak wus
wuci sun squswáw wic paci
musqihiyôkani: Soon he squeezed so
hard that the sharp edges of the stone cut
his hand until it bled.
miqun, NA feather
feathers miqunak,
on the feather miqunuk
Yo miqun piwsihsuw: This feather is
small.
musinun, NA a man; a captive or
tributary
people musinunak
on the captive musinunuk
Qut paswu numusinunak ômkik uy
matwáw: But lately my people have
risen up as an enemy. Mic.2:8
mitsu-, VAI he eats, dines
I dine numits, s/he dines mitsuw,
you and I dine kumitsumun,
Dine! sg mitsush, Dine! pl mitsuq,
that he dines mitsut
Kisukahks numits: Whenever it is
daytime I eat. Kuwihqitumôsh,
mátapsh qá mitsush: Please, sit and
eat!. Mitsutuk: Let’s eat!
mitsuwôk, NI meal
meals mitsuwôkansh,
in the meal mitsuwôkanuk
Winu wikun mitsuwôk: Very good
meal!
miy-, VTA he gives it to him
I give it to him numiyô,
s/he gives it to him miyáw,
you and I give it to him kumiyômun,
Let’s give it to him! miyutuk
Give it to him! sg mis,
Give it to him! pl miyohq, that he gives it
to him miyôt
Tahniyuk miyak putukunikanihs, mus
umicun: If I give her a cookie, she will
eat it. Wôpák pôhpaskôk misum: Give
me the white ball.
miyac, NI left, left side (to the left of left
side)
on my left niyacuk, my left numiyac,
his/her left umiyac,
their left umiyacanuwôw
Páhqasunan wuci sipakimo áyaqapih
niyawun, tá wutak niyawun, wáwápi
n’hkunôkunônak, nutunukun,
numiyacun, aqu nusitunônashun:
Protect us from what lies in front of us,
and behind us, above our heads, to our
left, to our right, below our feet…
miyaco, ADV left, leftward
Piyôsh káhtkôwi qá miyaco qipi: Go to
the top of the hill and turn left.
miyatam, VTI he vomits it up
I vomit it up numiyatam,
s/he vomit it up miyatam,
you and I vomit it up
kumiyatamumun,
Vomit it up! sg miyatamsh,
Vomit it up! pl miyatamôq,
that he vomits it up miyatak
Miyatamsh! Ni maciwiyawhs:
Vomit it up! That is bad meat.
miyatamowôk, NI vomit, a bout of
vomiting
vomiting bouts miyatamowôkansh,
in the vomit miyatamowôkanuk
Wutqun miyatamowôkanuk: A stick
was in the vomit.
miyunôk, NI woman’s breast milk
in the milk miyunôkanuk
Nonôtam wuci wáhkasah áhsamôt
miyunôk: He sucks the breast for his
mothers sustaining milk.
moh-, VTA he eats him (something
animate)
I eat him numohô,
s/he eats him moháw,
you and I eat him kumohômun,
Eat him! sg moh,
Eat him! pl mohohq,
Let’s eat him! mohutuk
that he eats him mohôt
Qiqikum uyáw áhsupanah,
“Askiqutamah mohwáwak
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qiqikumak!” : Duck says to raccoon,
“Ducks eat snails.”
mohci, ADV certainly, sure, definitely
Kiyawun mohci nik: That is definitely
us!
mohiks, NA Mohegan, Mohegan Indian
(Fidelia Fielding's 20th century word.
Fielding's form moheeksnug is simply
mohiks with inak 'men' used after it)
Mohegans mohiksak,
Mohegan men mohiksinak,
on Mohegans mohiksuk
Áhsup natawaháw Mohiksah: Raccoon
visits a Mohegan, Nuqut Mohiks
katumuw: One Mohegan year. Yohkhik
mô wustôwak Mohiksinak: Mohegans
used to make cornmeal.
mos, NA moose
mooses mosak, on the moose mosuk
Mos kôkci-awáyáhs: The moose is a huge
animal.
mosáyu-, VII it is smooth
it is smooth mosáyuw, they are smooth
mosáyuwash
that is is smooth mosák, whenever it is
smooth mosáks
Yo sun mosáyuw: This stone is smooth.
moski-, VAI he arises, comes into
existence, emerges, appears
I arise numoski,
s/he comes into existence moski,
you and I emerge kumoskimun,
Appear! sg moskish,
Appear! pl moskiq,
Let’s arise! moskituk
when he emerges moskit
Moski wuci awan aqi cipay: He
emerged from the fog like a ghost.
moskimo-, VII it arises, comes forth
it arises sáhkimo,
they arise sáhkimosh,
when it arises sáhkimok,
whenever it arises sáhkimoks
Nit moskimo kikitokawôk yáyôwi
kinuki nákumôw: Then there arose a
reasoning among them.Lk.9:46
moyahikaniw, NA Mohegan, Mohegan
Indian (older term, attested in the
colonial sources)
Mohegans moyahikaniwak,
on the Mohegan moyahikaniwuk,
Moyahikaniwak, numtâwimun:
Mohegans, we are many.
mô, PART past tense particle, used to,
was and is no more
Naspi yoht mô aposuwak sôp
Mohiksinak: Mohegans used to cook
cornmeal mush on a fire.
môcanatam-, VTI he wonders at it
I wonder at it numôcanatam,
s/he wonders at it môcanatam,
you and I wonder at it
kumôcanatamumun,
Let’s wonder at it! môcanatamutuk,
Wonder it! sg môcanatamsh,
Wonder at it! pl môcanatamoq,
that he wonders at it môcanatak
Qá wámi nik notáwôcik
môcanatamuwak
owáhtamowôkanowuk tá
yôpohamuwôkanowash: And all that
heard him were astonished at his
understanding and answers.Lk.2:47
môcanatamowôk, NI amazement,
wonder
amazements môcanatamowôkansh
in the amazement môcanatamowôkanuk
Qá yumwahak môcanatamowôk tá
qihqinanatamowôk: And they were
filled with wonder and amazement.Acts3:10
môcanatamwahuwôk, NI a wonder, a
marvel, something that causes
amazement
wonders môcanatamwahuwôkansh
in the wonder
môcanatamwahuwôkanuk
Qá kunasuwôk asu
môcanatamwahuwôk yuw: And the
sign or the wonder come to pass.Deut.13:2
môci-, VAI he goes away, heads off
I go away numôci,
s/he goes away môci, you and I go away
kumôcimun, Go away!
sg môcish, Go away! pl môciq, that he
goes away môcit
Môcish! Kuwus’humô kisqutut: Go
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away! You make me angry.
môhshupsq, NI a flint stone
flint stones môhshupsqash
on the flint stone môhshupsquk
Pátawush môhshupsq potawát: Bring
the flint stone to start the fire.
mômansh, ADV sometimes
Mômansh nunatiniham ôkowi kisuq
wuci kunasuwôk: Sometimes I search
beyond the sky for a sign.
mômôci-, VAI he moves, stirs
I move numômôci,
s/he moves mômôci,
you and I move kumômôcimun,
Move! sg mômôcish,
Move! pl mômôciq,
that he moves mômôcit
Áhqi mámôciq: Don’t move!
môpamuqáyu-, VII it is brown
it is brown môpamuqáyuw,
they are brown môpamuqáyush
that it is brown môpamuqák,
that they are brown môpamuqáks
Môpamuqáyuw yo pôhpaskôk: This
ball is brown. Môpamuqáyush yosh
pôhpaskôkansh: These balls are brown.
môpamuqisu-, VAI he is brown
I am brown numôpamuqis,
someone is brown môpamuqisuw,
you and I are brown
kumôpamuqisumun,
that he is brown môpamuqisut
Môpamuqusuw yo cits: This bird is
brown. Môpamuqusuwak yok citsak:
These birds are brown. Môpamuqusut
cits misum: Give me the brown bird!
môsk, NI a fort, a stronghold
forts môskansh
in the fort môskanuk
Na kiskuk wôk mus kupiyôquw wuci
Assyria, tá môski mushotánash, tá
wuci môsk nuh i sipo, tá kihtahan i
kihtahan, tá wuci wacuw i wacuw: In
that day also he shall come even to thee
from Assyria, and from the fortified
cities, and from the fortress even to the
river, and from sea to sea, and from
mountain to mountain.Micah 7:12
môsôpi, NI bead, wampum shell
beads môsôpish, in beads môsôpik
Môsôpish nuponam kusawôkanuk: I
am putting beads on the skirt
môwáwi-, VAI they gather themselves,
assemble, congregate, attend church
meeting
we gather (excl) numôwáwimun,
we gather (incl) kumôwáwimun
they gather môwáwiwak,
Gather! pl môwáwiq that they
gather môwáwicik
Qá ôkatuq nukámun
môwáwikamuq…And a cloud covered
the tent of the congregation.Ex.24:15-16
môwáwikamuq, NI a gathering place, a
church
churches môwáwikamuqash
in the church môwáwikamuquk
Piyôsh i môwiwikamuq nôwáyuwan! :
Come to church!
môyák, NI cloth, garment, clothing,
clothes
garments môyákansh,
on the clothes môyákanuk
Yo kucohkônak umôyákuwôwash.
Nuqut môyák, nis môyákash: Here are
the dolls’ clothes. One garment, two
garments.
môyhsh, NA hen, female bird
hens môyhshak,
on the hen môyhshuk
Mukunumsh wômansh wuci môyhshak:
Gather eggs from the hens.
môyhsháks, NA chicken
chickens môyhsháksak,
on the chicken môyhsháksuk
Môyusháksak nukatawi-samô: I am
going to feed the chickens.
môyikow, NA medicine man, shaman
shamans môyikowak,
in the shaman môyikowuk
Numawi-pásawô Shaman: I’ll go and
get the shaman.
môyiyam-, VTI he looks intently at it,
observes it
I look at it numôyiyam,
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s/he looks at it môyiyam,
you and I look at it kumôyiyamumun,
Let’s look at it! môyiyamutuk
Look at it! sg môyiyamsh,
Look at it! pl ymôyiyamoq,
that he looks at it it môyiyak
Môyiyam ahkik, qá nanukshan:
musunum wacuwash, qá nish
pukutiyush: He looketh on the earth, and
it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and
they smoke.PS.104:32
môyiyaw-, VTA he looks intently at,
beholds him
I look at him numôyiyawô,
s/he look at him môyiyaw,
you and I look at him
kumôyiyawômun,
Let’s look at him! môyiyawutuk
Look at him! sg môyiyaw,
Look at him! pl môyiyôhq,
that he looks at him môyiyawôt
…qá nák qiyunak kisuquk naspi
okatuq, qá umatáwah
môniyáwak:...and they ascended up to
heaven in a cloud; and their enemies
beheld them.Rev.11.12
môyôhks, NA ash tree
ash trees môyôhksak,
in the ash tree môyôhksuk
Pôpayikansh wucshá môyôhks: The
basket splints come from the ash tree.
-msihs, NA DEP older sister
my older sister numsihs,
my older sisters numsihsak,
on my older sister numsihsuk,
his/her older sister umsihsah,
our (yours & my) older sister kumsihsun
Yok numihsihsak Donna tá Norma; qá
yo nihsums Martha: These are my older
sisters Donna and Norma; and this is my
younger sister Martha.
mucáq, PART nothing, none, not any,
gone
Mucáq kon: The snow is gone; Wuw’i!
mucáq áskot putukunik yo wáyôksuk:
Oh! no pumpkin bread this evening.
mucimi, ADV always, forever
Sômi kumantonuk, kumihkikwôk,
mutáwi wikun, mucimi ta mucimi:
Because yours is heaven, yours is
strength, very good, forever and
forever.FF
mukacuks, NA boy (alternate spelling:
muhkacuks)
boys mukacuksak,
on the boys mukacuksuk
…Sarah wô nosáw mukacuksak: that
Sarah should have given children
suck?Gen.21:7
mukihs, NA small child
small children mukihsak
on the small child mukihsuk
Ômkish, qá mamun mukihs tá
áhkasah…:Arise and take the young
child and his mother…Matt.2:13
muks, NA wolf
wolves muksak, on the wolf muksuk his
wolf muksah
Muks Wiyon: Wolf Moon. Kayoyáw
muks wiyonah: The wolf is talking to
the moon. K’payuk putukish muks:
Return the wolf to the forest. Tápkuks
putawáw muksah tá qáqiqihshôtáh:
When it is night he hears the wolves and
the crickets.
mukunum-, VTI he picks it, gathers it (as
of fruit, or other inanimate objects)
I pick it numukunum,
s/he picks it mukunum,
you and I pick it kumukunumumun,
Let’s pick it! mukunumutuk
Pick it! sg mukunumsh,
Pick it! pl mukunumoq,
that he picks it mákunut
Mus kumukunumumun
wiwáhcumunsh, masqusitsh, tá
áskotash: We will pick some corn, beans
and squash. Masqusitsh numáhcimukunum: I am done picking beans.
mumuqunum-, VTI he rubs it
I rub it numumuqunum,
s/he rubs it mumuqunum,
you and I rub it kumumuqunumumun,
Rub it! sg mumuqunumsh,
Rub it! pl mumuqunumoq,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 100
that he rubs it mámuqunuk
Mumuqunumsh sát wiyawhsuk ásqam
nânshuk: Rub the salt on the meat before
drying it.
munhan, NI island
islands munhansh,
on the island munhanuk
Kiht’hanuk áhtá munhan: The island is
located in the ocean. Munhanuk tá otán
môsuqituw naspi tayôsq: The island and
town are joined by the bridge.
muni, NI money (English loan; usually
used in plural)
money munish, on the money munik
Nuwacônô cánaw kôcuci muni: I have
only a little money. FF
mupo-, VII it snows, is snowy
it is snowy mupow,
they are snowy muposh
that it is snowy mápok,
whenever it is snowy mápoks
Sun mupow: Does it snow?C.76/209
mupowi, ADV snowy
Kipô qá n’hsháw quyano pasáhthik
mupowi kiskuk: He went down and
slew a lion in a pit on a snowy
day.1Chr.11:22
muqs, NA awl
awls muqsak, on the awl muqsuk
Tápi kosto puqish shayuk naspi muqs:
You can make holes in the hide with an
awl.
mus, PART future marker, ‘will’
Kunicôn mus numihkunô: I will hold
your baby. Mus kunáwush: See you
later. Côci kiyaw wikuq wôk, ôtay mus
nápuyan kutap mantuwuk, ni iwá
Manto: You must be good too, then
when you die you will rest in heaven, that
says God. FF
mushaki-, VAI he is great, mighty, big
(alternate spelling: muhshaki-)
I am mighty numshaki,
s/he is mighty mushaki,
you and I are mighty kumshakimun,
that he is mighty máhshakit,
that they are mighty máhshakihutut
Yo miqun mushakiyuw: This feather is
big; Wuták nitay wusômi
kumushakimô kiyaw nis: You two are
too big behind there.
mushaniq, NA squirrel
squirrels mushaniqak,
on the squirrel mushaniquk,
his squirrel mushaniqah
Áhsup natawaháw mushaniqah.
“Aquy, mushaniq”: Raccoon visits
squirell. “Hello, Squirrel”. Áhsup uyáw
mushaniqah, “Cáqan micuwak
mushaniqak?”: Raccoon says to
squirrel, “What do squirrels eat?”
mushapqáhs, NA rat
rats mushapqáhsak,
on the rats mushapqáhsuk
Mutáwiwak mushapqáhsak apuw
mushoy: Many rats are on the boat.
musháyu-, VII it is big, large (alternate
spelling: muhsháyu-)
it is big musháyuw,
they are big musháyush
that it is big máhshák,
that they are big máhsháks
Piyôq i máshák wiqam nikômo: Come
to the big wigwam feast!
mushoy, NI boat, canoe
boats mushoyash,
on the boat mushoyak
Côhtam mushoy ok papaspi cáq: They
want a boat to go through the swamp.
mushôtowi, ADV loudly
Kôkci kucohkôn nit onon aniya ôk
mushôtowi ôkutakanakah: The large
doll then screamed more loudly than the
others.
mushqisu-, VAI he is big, large, great
I am great numushqis,
s/he is great mushqisuw,
you and I are great kumushaqumun,
that he is great máshqát,
that they are great máshqis'hutut
Pôqus ayimushqisuw ônk wic: The moth
was bigger than his hand.
mushuyôn-, VII there is a great rain, a lot
of rain, a downpour
that there is a great rain máshuyôhk,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 101
whenever there is a great rain
máshuyôhks
Kupqat; mushuyôn iyo kisk: It is
cloudy; there is a great rain today. FF
mushôc, NA lobster
lobsters mushôcák,
on the lobster mushôcák
Nikôni in mohôt mushôc mutáwi
yôtum: The first man that ate lobster was
very hungry.
muskam-, VTI he finds it
I find it numskam,
s/he finds it muskam, you and I
find it kumskamumun,
Find it! sg muskamsh,
Find it! pl muskamoq,
that he finds it máskak
Ôkutak inkôtôk numuskam: I found
another picture. Mut numskam cáqan: I
cannot find anything. FF
muskaw-, VTA he finds him
I find him numskawô,
s/he finds him muskawáw,
you and I find him kumskawômun,
Let’s find him! muskawutuk
Find him! muskaw,
Find him! muskôhq,
that he finds him máskawôt
Putaqiq, qá kumskôyumô: You all hide
and I will find you. Wikuw skitôp
akôhsihsuwak. Nátskawôt, mut tápi
kumskawô: A good man is not many.
Looking, you cannot find him. FF
muskowôtam-, VAI he rejoices, exults,
is very glad; he is boastful
I rejoice nucáyhqatum,
s/he rejoices cáyhqatum,
you and I rejoice kucáyhqatumumun,
Rejoice! sg cáyhqatumsh,
Rejoice! pl cáyhqatumoq,
let’s rejoice! cáyhqatumtuk,
that s/he rejoices cáyhqatuk
Numuskowôtamumun nikuwôkanuk
wunámônah: We rejoiced at the birth of
his son.C.50
musqaniks, NA red squirrel
squirrels musqaniksak,
on the squirrel musqaniksuk
Musqaniks qihshô káhtôqák
wahakayash: The red squirrel jumped on
the heap of nut hulls.
musqayan, NA red-tailed hawk ‘red bird
tail’
hawks musqayanák,
on the hawk musqayanák
Cáhsuwak musqalyanák apuwak
mihtuquk: How many red-tailed hawks
are in this tree?
musqáyu-, VII it is red [traditional
spelling: squayoh]
it is red musqáyuw,
they are red musqáyush
that it is red másqák,
that they are red másqáks
Musqáyuw yo pôhpaskôk. Musqáyush
yosh pôhpaskôkansh: This ball is red.
These balls are red. Másqák pôpayik
misum: Give me the red splint. Nis
másqáks pôhpaskôkansh misum: Give
me two red balls.
musqi, NI blood
in someone’s blood musqik,
my blood numsqi his blood umsqi
in my blood numsqik
Numsqi siyáhshá qunupki: My blood
was scattered disastrously everywhere.
musqihiyôkani, VAI he is bloody
I am bloody numusqihiyôkani, s/he is
bloody musqihiyôkani, you and I are
bloody kumusqihiyôkanimun, that he is
bloody másqihiyôkanit
Get bloody! sg musqihiyôkanish, Let’s
get bloody musqihiyôkanutuk
Awáhsohs musqihiyôjani: The bear was
bloody.
musqisu-, VAI he is red
I am red numusqis,
s/he is red musqisuw,
you and I are red kumusqisumun,
they are red musqisuwak,
that it is red másqisut,
that they are red másqis'hutut
Musqisuw yo cits. Musqisuwak yok
citsak: This bird is red. These birds are
red. Másqisut cits misum: Give me the
red bird. Shwi másqisucik citsak
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misum: Give me three red birds.
musqôhtam-, VAI he is angry
I am angry numsqôhtam,
s/he is angry musqôhtam,
you and I kumsqôhtamumun,
Let’s be angry! musqôhtamutuk
Be angry! sg musqôhtamsh,
Be angry! pl musqôhtamoq,
that he is angry másqôhtak
Niwuci iyo áhqi niyuwantamoq, asu
áhqi musqôhtamoq kahakáwôwak:
Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry
with yourselves.Gen.45:5 Niwuci Manto yo
wunotamunáyup, qá musqôhtamup:
Therefore God heard this, and was
wroth.Ps.78.21
musqôhtamowôk, NI anger (active)
in anger musqôhtamowôkanuk
Nutômohkun nuputuqunic
musqôhtamowôkanuk: I raised my fist
in anger.
musqôhtamnutuwôk, NI anger (passive)
in anger musqôhtamnutuwôkanuk
Musqôhtamnutuwôk ciqunapi
nukayáw mukôniwôk: Anger quietly
left the assembly.
musunum-, VTI he touches it
I touch it numusunum,
s/he touches it musunum,
you and I touch it kumusunumumun,
Let’s touch it! musunumutuk
Touch it! sg musunumsh,
Touch it! pl musunumoq,
that he touches it másunuk
Aqi cáqan yo máhsunuman?: What is
this like when you touch it?
mutapasqáhs, NA a bat
bats mutapasqáhsak
on the bats mutapasqáhsuk
Mutapasqáhs aquniwôqat apqáhs
towuw, wipi mutu apqáhs: A bat looks
like a mouse that flies, but it’s not a
mouse.
mutáhká-, VAI he dances
I dance numutáhká,
s/he dances mutáhká, you and I
dance kumutáhkámun,
Dance! sg mutáhkásh,
Dance! pl mutáhkáq,
that he dances mátáhkát
Mutáhká paci pisupát: He dances until
he sweats.
mutáhkáwôk, NI a dance
dances mutáhkáwôkansh
in the dance mutáhkáwôkanuk
Wámi skitôpak wácishák wiqômun
mutáhkáwôk: All the people join the
welcome dance.
mutáwi, PART very, really, exceedingly,
much
Mutáwi wikun: Very good! Sokuyôn!
Mutáwi nuwutakis: It is raining! I am
very wet. Mutáwi kon, socpo iyo: Much
snow, it is snowing now. FF
mutáwi-, VAI they are many, much,
plentiful (animate things, people, and
animals)
we are many numutáwimun, they are
many mutáwiwak, that they are many
mátáwihutut
Yo skitôpak mutáwiwak: These people
are many. FF
mutáwiyu-, VII they are many, much,
abundant (inanimate things)
they are many mutáwiyuw, that
they are many mátáwiyuk,
when they are many mátáwiyuks
Ôkowuk kutapumôpa mutáwiyush
katumuwash, wipi iyo kuputukimô qá
yotay kutapumô: You all lived away for
many years, but now you have come
back and you live here.
mutôm, ADV never
Manto mut tápi ayunamawáw awán
mutôm kihtwôt: God cannot help
anyone who never listens. FF
mutu, PART no, not (alternate: mut)
Yôwatuk kutapumô, mutu kutapumô
kuski nahakánônak: You are far away,
you are not close to us.
mutumák, NA a fool
fools mutumákak,
on a fool mutumákuk
Wusuháwak mutumakanuk: He was
making them into fools.
mutunôk, NUM thousand
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Nupáw mutunôk skitôpak mô piyôk i
mutáhkáwôk: Five thousand people
used to come to the dance.
muyáyi, ADV together
…qá kisi ni apuwak muyáyi wuci
qániqôpáks: and after that they lived
together for a long time.
muyôtam-, VTI he smells it, senses its
smell (involuntarily)
I smell it numuyôtam,
s/he smells it muyôtam, you and I
smell it kumuyôtamumun,
that he smells it máyôtak, that they smell
it máyôtamhutut
Numuyôtam upihsháwansh: I am
smelling the flowers. Muyôtam sqá
yoht: The woman is smelling the fire.
muyôw-, VTA he smells him, senses his
smell (involuntarily)
I smell him numuyôwô,
s/he smells him muyôwáw, you and I
smell him kumuyôwômun, that he
smells him máyôwôt, that he smells them
máyôwáhutut
Muyôwáw muks citsah: The wolf
smells the bird.
N
na, DEM that, those (animate)
those nik, obviative nih
Nitay, ni na: There, that’s me. Kiyawun
nik: That’s us. Náy, niyawun nik.
Nuw’sintamawôkanun ni: Yeah, that’s
us. That’s our wedding.
nahunshásh, PART goodbye, farewell
(alternate spelling: nahunuhshásh)
speaking to one nahunshásh,
speaking to more than
one nahunsháq
Môcituk! Nahunshásh, Nohsh: Let’s
go! Goodbye, Father.
nakuskaw-, VTA he meets him
I meet him nunakuskawô, s/he meets
him nakuskawáw,
you and I meet him kunakuskawômun,
Let’s meet him nakuskawutuk,
Meet him! sg nakuskaw,
Meet him! pl nakuskôhq,
that he meets him nákuskawôt
Nuwikôtam nákuskawuyôn, Nis
Náhtiyák tá Wikco Sqá. Mus
kunáwuyumô: I enjoyed meeting you,
Bruce and Kelly. See you all later.
nanô, ADV (it increases) more and more,
increasingly
Nishnuw iwák tápi nanô micuw ôk
ôkutak: Each said that he could eat more
than the other.
nanukshayi-, VAI he is trembling,
trembles
I tremble nunanukshayi,
s/he trembles nanukshayi,
you and I tremble kunanukshayimum,
Tremble! sg nanukshayish,
Tremble! pl nanukshayiq,
that he trembles nanukshayit
Qá Kawtántowit pish na nitay
anunumáwuquw nanukshayi mutáh, tá
sáwiks muskisuqash: but the Lord shall
give thee there a trembling heart, and
failing of eyes…Deut.28:65
nanumayo, ADV north, northward
Nanumayo ôq: Go North!
naquti, ADV continually, all the time,
always
Ohshah naquti ayuw nitay wuci
nákum, oc nupuwôkanuk: Her father
was always there for her, even in death.
naqutiwowôk, NI perseverance,
continuance
continuances naquitiwowôkansh
in the perseverance naquitiwowôkanuk
… naqutiwowôk tá wihqitumuwôk
wuci wámi wuyitupônaták: watching
thereunto with all perseverance and
supplication for all saints…Eph.6:18
naqutiyáhtiyu-, VII it continues to be, it
is continual
it continues naqutiyáhtiyuw,
they continue naqutiyáhtiyush,
that it continues naqutiyáhtiyuk,
that they continue naqutiyáhtiyuks
Qut iyo kutasitumiwôk mutu pish
naqutiyáhtiyáw: But now thy kingdom
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shall not continue…1Sam.13:14
naspi, PREP by, with (as an instrument)
(alternate: nashpi)
Mumuqun kahak naspi kucusumowôk:
Scrub yourself with soap.
natawah-, VTA he visits him
I visit him nunatawahô,
s/he visits him natawaháw,
you and I visit him kunatawahômun,
Let’s visit him! natawahutuk
Visit him! sg natawah,
Visit him! pl natawahohq,
that he visits him nátawahôt
Nahunshásh! Táput ni kunatawahi:
Goodbye! Thanks for visiting me.
natáwôpamá-, VTA he looks for or at
him
I look for him nunatáwôpamá,
s/he looks for him natáwôpamáw,
you and I look for him
kunatáwôpamáwômun, Let’s look for
him! natáwôpamáwôtuk, Look for him!
sg natáwôpamáw, Look for him! pl
natáwôpamáwohq, that he looks for him
nátáwôpamáwôt
Piyôt i wicuw, natáwôpamáw
wiyokanah, wipi mutu muskawáw:
When he got to the house, he looked for
his wife, but did not find her.
natáwôpu-, VTI he looks for or at (it)
I look for it nunatáwôp, s/he looks for it
natáwôpuw, you and I
look for it kunatáwôpumun,
Let’s look for it! natáwôputuk,
Look for it! sg natáwôpush,
Look for it! pl natáwôpuq,
that he looks for it nátáwôput
Nit ô wikuk qá natáwôpuw papômi:
Then he went in and looked around.
natiniham-, VTI he seeks it
I seek it nu natiniham,
he seeks it natiniham,
you and I seek it kunatinihamumun,
Seek it! sg natinihamsh,
Seek it! pl natinihamoq,
that he seeks it nátinihak
Noci natiniham utuyuw
táhqunumuwôk: From thence she
seeketh the prey.Job 39:29
natinitiyá-, VAI he seeks, conducts a
search
I seek nunatinitiyá,
s/he seeks natinitiyáw,
you and I seek kunatinitiyáwômun,
Seek! sg nimskawáw,
Seek! pl natinitiyáwohq,
that he seeks nátinitiyáwôt
Natinitiyáwak shwiquna, qut mutu
muskawak: they sought three days,
but found him not.2K.2:17
natinitiyawôk, NI a search
searches natinitiyawôkansh
in the search natinitiyawôkanuk
Qá nutuyamáp, qá natinitiyawôk
ayumun: I commanded, and a search
hath been made.Ezra4:19
natiniyáw-, VTA he seeks him
I seek him nunatiniyáwô,
s/he seeks him natiniyáw,
you and I seek him natiniyáwômun,
Let’s seek him! natiniyáwutuk,
Seek him! sg natiniyáw,
Seek him! pl natiniyôhq,
that he seeks him nátiniyôt
Qá nusáhki natiniyáw Kawtántowit,
Manto wáyônumôt: And as long as he
sought the Lord, God made him to
prosper. 2Chr.26:5
natotum-, VTA he asks him, questions
him
I ask him nunatotumô,
s/he asks him natotumáw,
you and I ask him kunatotumômun,
Let’s ask him! natotumutuk,
Ask him! sg natotum,
Ask him! pl natotumohq,
that he asks him nátotumôt
Natotum. Páhki wáhtôw, páhki mut:
Ask him. Maybe he knows, maybe not.FF
natskam-, VTI he looks for it
I look for it nunatskam, s/he looks for it
natskam, you and I look
for it kunatskamumun,
Let’s look for it! natskamutuk,
Look for it! sg natskam,
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Look for it! pl natskamoq,
that he looks for it nátskak
Natskam yôpko aponuk: Look for the
jewel in the oyster.
natskaw-, VTA he looks for him, chases
him
I look for him nunatskawô, s/he
looks for it natskawáw, you and I
look for it kunatskawômun,
Let’s look for him! natskawutuk,
Look for him! sg natskaw,
Look for him! pl natskôhq,
that he looks for him nátskawôt
Nátskawôt, mut tápi kumskam:
Looking for him, you cannot find him.FF
nayawi, ADV, INIT freely, free
Tápi piyô qá nayawi ô: He can come
and go freely. Nayawimôci papaspi
k’páy: He freely moved through the
forest.
nayawiyu-, VAI he is free
I am free nunayawiy,
s/he is free nayawiyuw, you and
I are free kunayawiyumun
that he is free náyawiyut, that
they are free náyawiyuhutut
Nunayawiy mámacushiyuwi: I’m free
at last.
náham, NA turkey
turkeys náhamák,
on the turkey náhamák
Náham pawanatôk áhtá wáwápi
piyôkut: The turkey fan is above the
blanket.
náhtiyá, NA dog (alternate: ayum)
dogs náhtiyák, on the dog náhtiyák
obviative náhtiyáh
Pohpohs tá náhtiyá kusamô?: Did you
feed the cat and the dog? Páwihsa,
nusamô pohpohs qá samáw náhtiyá:
Okay, I will feed the cat and he will feed
the dog.
náhtôwi, ADV second, next, for a second
time
Nuqut. Nis. Nikôni kackáy, náhtôwi
kackáy: One. Two. First piece, second
piece.
nákum, PRO he, she, him, her
Nákum numihsihs: She is my older
sister. Nákum wáh ôqatantam: He may
recompense it.Job34:33
nákumôw, PRO they, them
Awánik nákumôw?: Who are they?
nám-, VAI he sees
I see nunám,
s/he sees nám,
you and I see kunámumun,
See! sg námsh,
See! pl námuq,
that s/he sees námut
Qá woshunumuk shwut seali, nunotá
shwut pinashim yowán, “Piyôsh qá
námsh.”
And when he had opened the third seal, I
heard the third beast say, Come and
see.Rev.6.5
nám-, VTI he sees it
I see it nunám,
s/he sees it nám,
you and I see it kunámumun
See it! sg námsh,
See it! pl námoq,
that she sees it nák
Nunám pátupahshatoyôn áskotash: I
see that I have dropped the pumpkins;
Kucuwôhtamumô námáq?: Would you
all like to see it?; Náy, mus wunáwôh,
wusit tápi kunámumun!: Yes, he will
see him, we can see his foot!
-námôn, NA DEP son
my sons nunámônak,
on my son nunámônuk
my son nunámôn,
his son wunámônah, our son (yours
and mine) kunámônun
Yo sqáhsihs nutônihs wôk, qá yo
mukacuks nunámôn wôk: This girl is
my daughter and this boy is also my son.
Ayunamawáw Davidah, kihtasotah,
wôtamwi wunámônah: He gave David,
the king, a wise son.2Chr.2:12
nátiyôh, ADV since
Kawtántowit kuwuyômáq nátiyôh
piyôyôn: the Lord hath blessed thee
since my coming. Gen.30:30
náyáwihtiyi, ADV – safely
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Náyáwihtiyi piyôsh: Go safely!
-nánu, NA DEP grandmother
my grandmothers nunánuk,
on my grandmother nunánuk,
my grandmother nunánu, his
grandmother wunánah, our grandmother (yours and mine) kunánun
Nunánu yo sqá, qá nokunáhs na in: My
grandmother is this woman, and my
grandfather is that man.
nánuk, PART likewise, in the same way,
as also
Nánuk, munámôn tatupiyiyo mohsh:
In the same way, the son is like the
father.
náw-, VTA he sees him
I see him nunáwô, s/he sees
him náwáw, you and I see
him kunáwômun, See him! sg náw,
See him! pl náwohq,
Let’s see him! náwôtuk,
that he sees him náwôt
Mus kunáwush: See you later. Wikun,
mut mus kunáwuqun: Good, he will not
see us. Inkôtôkansh wiyôqahkish nish,
nuwikôtam náwak
kucahshiyuwôkanuw: Those are nice
pictures, I enjoyed seeing your family.
náy, PART yes, yeah (a more casual
variant of nuks)
Náy, mátapsh taspowôkanuk: Yes, sit
at the table.
náyuwáyu-, VAI he wanders around,
strays
I stray nunáyuwáy,
s/he strays náyuwáyuw,
you and I stray kunáyuwáyumun
Stray! sg náyuwáyush,
Stray! pl náyuwáyuq,
that he strays náyuwáyut
Yo wihco náhtiyá náyuwáyuw: This
handsome dog strays.
ni, PRO I, me (pronounced the same as
ni: that; normally used for emphasis)
Ni nukôkicá: I am well.
ni, DEM that, those (inanimate)
(pronounced the same as ni: I, me)
those nish
Ni misum: Give me that; Wámi nish
misum: Give me all of those.
-nicôn, NA DEP (one's) child, offspring
my children nunicônak,
on my child nunicônuk,
my child nunicôn,
his child wunicônah, our child
(yours and mine) kunicônun
Nunicôn nákum wôk: He is my child
also. Nunicônak, wustawutuk yo,
ásqam piyôhutut kitôpánônak: My
children, let’s make these before our
friends arrive. Wunicônuwôwah ni: I am
their child.
nihsh, NA eel
eels nihshôwak,
in the eel nihshôwuk
Utocáyáyo nihshôwak pumôsuwiwak
pusuki kusucuwan: It is the season the
eels swin against the current.
nihto-, VTI he learns it
I learn it nunihto,
s/he learns it nihtôw,
you and I learn it kunihtomun
Learn it! sg nihtosh, Learn it!
pl nihtoq, that he learns nihtôk
Nihtôw nukôni-máy: He learns the old
ways.
nihtokamuq, NI school ‘learning house’
schools nihtokamuqash,
in the school nihtokamuquk
Kisukahks nutô i nihtokamuk:
Whenever it is daytime I go to school.
nihtowôk, NI lesson, teaching
lessons nihtowôkansh
in the lessons nihtowôkanuk
Manto anunumáqah wáhtowôk tá
nihtowôk wami nihtush: God gave them
knowledge and skill in all learning.Dan.1:17
nikôni, ADV first, ahead, before
Nikôni, côci kunakuskawô yok
kucohkônak: First, you should meet
these dolls.
niku-, VAI he is born
I am born nunik, s/he is born nikuw,
you and I are born kunikumun
Be born! sg nikush, Be born!
pl nikuq, that he is born nikut
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Wiyon musqisuw ni qôpak nikut: The
moon was red at the time when he was
born.
nikun-, VII it grows
it grows nikun, they grow nikunash
that it grows nikuk,
that they grow nikuks
Nukihcá wiwáhcum, qá nikun: I plant
the corn, and it grows.
nimskam-, VTI he gets it, fetchs it
I fetch it nunimskam,
s/he fetches it nimskam,
you and I fetch it kunimskamumun
Fetch it! sg nimskamsh,
Fetch it! pl nimskamoq,
that he fetches it nimskak
Mut tápi nimskam: He cannot go get
it.FF
nimskawá-, VTA he goes to get him,
fetches him
I fetch him nunimskawá,
s/he fetches him nimskawáw,
you and I fetch him
kunimskawáwômun,
Fetch him! sg nimskawáw,
Fetch him! pl nimskawáwohq,
that he fetches him nimskawáwôt
Qihshô wumushoyuk qá nimskawáw:
He leaped into his canoe and went to get
her.
ninuqáyu-, VII it is dangerous
it is dangerous ninuqáyuw,
they are dangerous ninuqáyush
when it is dangerous ninuqák,
whenever it is dangerous ninuqáks
…qá iyo ninuqák pômáhám: and when
the sailing was now dangerous… Acts 27:9
nipawu-, VAI he stands, stands up
I stand up nunipaw,
s/he stands up nipawuw,
you and I stand up kunipawumun
Stand up! sg nipawsh,
Stand up! pl nipawuq,
that he stands up nipawut
Yotay nipawsh: Stand here. Áyhqapi
nahak nipawiq: Stand in front of me,
you [all].
nipôwi, ADV at night, during the night
Piyô aqi sukáyuw nipôwi: He comes
like black at night.
nipun-, VII it is summer
it is summer nipun,
that it is summer nipuk,
whenever it is summer nipuks
Nipun: It is summer! Nipun wuci
papususwôk: Summer is for fun!
nipun-, NI the summer
summers nipunsh
in the summer nipunuk
Qá kusi, manotá nipun tayikinôk:
And, behold, a basket of summer
fruit.Amos8:1
nis, NUM two
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun: One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
nishnuw, PRON each one, every one
Ásqam nákatuk, ponam kôcuci nánták
mikucut papômi nishnuw kucohkôn:
Before she left, she put a little dried dung
about each doll.
nisôsk, NUM seven
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun: One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
nisôsk-cahshuncák, NUM seventy
‘seven - how-many-tens’
Shwôsk katumuwuk mus nutay: In
eight years I will be seventy.
nisôskuqunakat, VII it is seven days, a
week, it is Sunday
it is seven days nisôskuqunakat,
that it is seven days nisôskuqunakáhk,
whenever it is seven days
nisôskuqunakáhks
Pish kuôqáwimun nisôskuqunakahks:
We shall gather together in a week.
nisôskut, NUM seventh
Tap’huwin nisôskut piyô: The
Comforter was the seventh to come.
nisuncák, NUM twenty
Káwit nisuncák cáwhkish, uyutáha
mihkikut: When he sleeps for twenty
minutes, he feels strong.
nisuqunakat, VII it is two days, second
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 108
day, Tuesday
it is two days nisuqunakat,
that it is two days nisuqunakáhk
whenever it is Tuesday nisuqunakáhks
Pish kunawôsh nisuqunakat: I shall
see you on the second day.
nisu-, VII it is a pair
it is a pair nisuw
they are a pair nisush
that it is a pair nisuk
whenever they are a pair nisuks
Kucupayuwôkun nisush táqásak: Our
tribe has many pairs of twins.
nisuwak, NA a pair (animate)
inanimate pair nisunash,
in the pair nisuwakanuk
Nihshak pumôsuwi nisuwakanuk: The
eels swim in pairs.
niswi, PRON both
‘Kiyaw’ nutiwá, mut ‘ki’, kiyaw niswi
uyuwamow: I said you [all], not ‘you’,
that means both of you!
nit, ADV then, at that time
…qá nit náwáw wikcot yôksqáhsah
pámshát t’hkamuquk: …and then he
saw that it was a beautiful young woman
walking along the beach.
nitay, PART there, that place
Wuták nitay wusômi kumushakimô
kiyaw nis: You two are too big behind
there.
niwuci, CONJ therefore, because of that,
‘that-from’
Niwuci Manto yo wunotamunáyup, qá
musqôhtamup: Therefore God heard
this, and was wroth.Ps.78.21
niyawun, PRO we, us (exclusive)
Wipi niyawun?: How about us?
niyuwôtam-, VAI he grieves, is
sorrowful
I grieve nuniyuwantam,
s/he grieves niyuwantam,
you and I grieve kuniyuwantamumun,
Grieve! sg niyuwantamsh,
Grieve! pl niyuwantamoq,
Let us grieve! niyuwantamutuk,
that s/he grieves niyuwantak
Niwuci iyo áhqi niyuwantamoq, asu
áhqi musqôhtamoq kahakáwôwak:
Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry
with yourselves.Gen.45:5
niyuwôtam-, VTI he grieves for it, is
sorrowful over it
I grieve for it nuniyuwôtam,
he grieves for it niyuwôtam,
you and I grieve for it
kuniyuwôtamumun,
Grieve for it! sg niyuwôtamsh,
Grieve for it! pl niyuwôtamoq,
Let’s grieve for it! niyuwôtamutuk,
that s/he grieves for it niyuwôtak
…niwuci niyuwantam wuci Davidah,
niwuci ohshah ákacut: for he grieved
for David, because his father had done
him shame.1Sam.20:34
niyuwôtamuwôk, NI grief, sorrow
sorrows niyuwôtamuwôkansh
in grief niyuwôtamuwôkanuk
…qut niyuwôtamuwôk mutáhuk
páhkshuw yáhshá: but by sorrow of the
heart the spirit is broken.Prov.15:13
noci, ADV from that time, therefrom,
henceforth
Noci wutâpináw qunupki ô: From that
time she was able to see him everywhere
he went.
-nonôk, NA DEP mother
some folks’ mothers munonôkanak,
in my mother nunonôkanuk,
my mother nunonôk
his mother wunonôkanah,
our mother (yours and mine)
kunonôkanun
Nunonôk yo: This is my mother. Nuks,
nunámôn ki, kunonôk ni: Yes, you are
my son, I am your mother.
nonôtam-, VAI he sucks, imbibes
I suck nunonôtam,
s/he sucks nonôtam,
you and I suck kunonôtamumun,
Let’s suck! nonôtamutuk,
Suck! sg nonôtamsh,
Suck! pl nonôtamoq,
that he sucks nonôtak
páhpohs nonôtam: a child sucksC.211
nôtam-, VTI he sucks it, (a breast)
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I determine it nunonôtam,
s/he determines it nonôtam,
you and I determine it kunonôtamun,
Let’s determine it! nonôtamutuk,
Determine it! sg nonôtamsh,
Determine it! pl nonôtamoq,
that he determines it nonôtak
Ná pish nonôtam
wutôqáskutuwôkawôwash aspak;
wiyan viper pish n’hsháw: He shall
suck the poison of asps; the viper’s
tongue shall slay him.Job20:16
nosá-, VTA she suckles him
I suckle him nunosá,
s/he suckles him nosáw,
you and I suckle him kunosáwômun,
Suckle him! sg nosáw,
Suckle him! pl nosohq,
that he suckles him nosôt
…Sarah wô nosáw mukacuksak: that
Sarah should have given children
suck?Gen.21:7
nosqatam-, VTI he licks it
I lick it nunosqatam,
s/he licks it nosqatam,
you and I lick it kunosqatamumun
Lick it! sg nosqatamsh,
Lick it! pl nosqatamoq,
that he licks it nosqatak
Noy’hc nosqatam sát: The deer licks the
salt.
notamowôk, NI a hearing
hearings notamowôkansh
in a hearing notamowôkanuk
…qut mutu watáwatôqusuwôk, asu
notamowôk: …but there was neither
voice, nor hearing…2Kings 4:31
notam-, VAI he hears
I hear nunotam,
s/he hears notam,
you and I hear notamumun,
Hear! sg notamsh,
Hear! pl notamuq,
that s/he hears notamut
Niwuci Manto yo wunotamunáyup, qá
musqôhtamup: Therefore God heard
this, and was wroth.Ps.78.21
notá-, VTA he hears him
I hear him nunotá,
s/he hears him notáw,
you and I hear him kunotáwômun,
Let’s hear him! notáwutuk,
Hear him! sg notáw,
Hear him! pl notôhq,
that he hear him notáwôt
Qá woshunumuk shwut seali, nunotá
shwut pinashim yowán, “Piyôsh qá
námsh.”
And when he had opened the third seal, I
heard the third beast say, Come and
see.Rev.6.5
notáhshá, ADV insufficient, not enough
Ni notáhshá: That is not enough.
nowôhtam-, VAI he is sad
I am sad nunowôhtam,
s/he is sad nowôhtam, you and
I are sad kunowôhtamumun,
Let’s be sad! nowôhtamutuk,
Be sad! sg nowôhtamsh,
Be sad! pl nowôhtamoq,
that he is sad nowôhtak
Nowôhtam Ayaks: Ayaks is sad.
noy’hc, NA deer
deer noy’hcák, on the deer noy’hcák
Awáyáhsak yok. Noy’hc, toyupáhs,
skôks, wôpsuq, tá muks: These are
animals. Deer, turtle, skunk, eagle, and
wolf.
nôhtuy-, VTA he shows it to him (ystem)
I show it to him nunôhtuyô,
s/he shows it to him nôhtuyáw,
you and I show it to him
kunôhtuyômun,
Show it to him! sg nôhtus,
Show it to him! pl nôhtuyohq, that he
shows it to him nôhtuyôt
Qá wusqik wuci nusintamawôkanun
nupáto, wáci nôhtuyuyak inkôtôkansh:
And I brought our wedding book to show
you the pictures. Nuks, táput ni
nôhtusiyak kutinkôtôkanuwôwash :
Yes, thank you for showing your family
pictures to us.
-ntôyuks, NA DEP older brother
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my older brothers nuntôyuksak
on my older brother nuntôyuksuk,
my older brother nuntôyuks, his older
brother wuntôyuksah,
our older brother (yours and mine)
kuntôyuksun
Yo nuntôyuks, John; yo nihsums Ben:
This is my older brother, John; this is my
younger brother Ben.
nuhsh-, VTA he kills him
I kill him nunshô, s/he kills
him n’hsháw, you and I
kill him kunshômun,
Kill him! sg n’hsh,
Kill him! pl n’hshohq,
that he kills him náhshôt
Maci skitôpak n’hsháwak yotay
pômkoki: Bad people killed him here on
earth. FF Kumotuwin mutu piyo, qut
kámotut tá náhshôt, tá pákowatiyát:
The thief doesn’t come, but to steal and
kill and destroy.John10:10
nukatum-, VTI he leaves it, abandons it
I leave it nunukatum,
s/he leaves him nukatum,
you and I leave him kunukatumumun,
Let’s leave him! nukatumutuk,
Leave it! sg nukatumsh,
Leave it! pl nukatumoq,
that he leaves it nákatuk
Sáqak wuninôkanah wik nukatum
macinánitiwôk: Whenever he enters his
mother’s house he abandons cursing.
nukay-, VTA he leaves him, abandons
him
I leave him nunukayô,
s/he leaves him nukayáw,
you and I leave him kunukayômun,
Let’s leave him! nukayutuk,
Leave him! sg nukas,
Leave him! pl nukayohq,
that he leaves him nákayôt
Qôpak kásuk kutakamuq, nukas
tiyanuk qá mutu putukish: When your
husband strikes you, leave immediately
and don’t return.
nukámun-, VTI he covers it over,
envelops it, overwhelms it
I covers it nu nukámun,
s/he covers it pôsutnasun,
you and I cover it kunukámunumun,
Cover it! sg nukámunsh,
Cover it! pl nukámunoq,
that he covers it nukámunuk
Qá ôkatuq nukámun môwáwikamuq…
And a cloud covered the tent of the
congregation.Ex.24:15-16
nukôni, INIT old (only of objects, not
people)
Nukônicáhqin áhtá waskici wacuwuk:
The old house is located upon the hill.
nuks, PART yes, even (slightly more
formal variant of náy)
Nuks, nunámôn ki, kunonôk ni: Yes,
you are my son, I am your mother.
nukumat-, VII it is easy
it is easy nukumat,
they are easy nukumatash,
that it is easy nákumáhk,
that they are easy nákumáhks
Nukumat iwát ‘mutu’: It is easy to say
to him ‘no’.
nukumi, ADV easily
Nukumi qaqi papaspi k’pay: He runs
through the forest easily.
nuniqi, ADV dangerous, perilous
Yo wôk wáhtawush, mawmacish
kiskash nuniqi qôpáyuwôkansh pish
piyômush: This know also, that in the
last days perilous times shall come.2Tim.3:1
nunshum-, VTI he dries it
I dry it nununshum,
s/he dries it nunshum,
you and I dry it kununshumumun,
Dry it! sg nunshumsh,
Dry it! pl nunshumoq,
that he dries it nánshuk
Yo ciskicohuw, Piwsihsut Kôkci In,
kohpskak nunshumsh: Here is a towel,
Little Big Man, dry your hair. Iyo
wucshásh qá nunshum kahak wôk:
Now get out and dry yourself, too.
nuntáyu-, VII it is dry
it is dry nuntáyuw,
they are dry nuntáyush
that it is dry nánták,
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that they are dry nántáks
Yo yák nuntáyuw: This sand is dry.
nupáw, NUM five
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun: One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
Misum nupaw: Give me five!Kupqat
wámi kisk tá sokuyôn nupáw kiskash:
It was cloudy all day and it has rained for
five days. FF
nupáw-cahshuncák, NUM fifty 'five how-many-tens'
Nupáw-cahshuncák cáhci pásuq: Fifty
is half of one hundred.
nupáwuqunakat, VII it is five days, the
fifth day, Friday
it is five days nupáwuqunakat,
that it is five days nápáwuqunakáhk,
whenever it is Friday
nápáwuqunakáhks
Mus nunakuskawô nupáwuqunakat: I
will meet him on Friday.
nupáwut, NUM fifth
Niskiniwôqat nupáwut?: Is the fifth one
dirty?
nupi, NI water
waters nupish, in the water nupik
Yo nupi kusapitáw: This water is hot.
Nupish musupskuk: The waters were at
the ankles.Ezek.47:3
nupsapáq, NI lake, pond
lakes nupsapáqash,
in the lake nupsapáquk
Toyupáhs apuw nupsawáquk: The
turtle is in the pond.
nupu-, VAI he dies, is dead
I die nunup, s/he dies nupuw,
you and I die kunupumun,
Die! sg nupush, Die! pl nupuq,
that he dies nápuk
Côci kiyaw wikuw wôk, ôtay mus
nápuyan kutap mantuwuk, ni iwá
Manto: You ought to be good also, then
when you die you live in heaven, this
says God.FF
nuqôhtuk, ADV in peril, in danger
Nuputukunikun nuniqôhtuk
pumôtamuwôkansh…We eat our bread
in peril of our lives… Lam.5:9
nuqusuná-, VAI he is careful, acts
cautiously, takes heed
I am careful nunuqusuná,
s/he is careful nuqusunáw,
you and I are careful kunuqusunámun,
Be careful! sg nuqusunásh,
Be careful! pl nuqusunáq,
that he is careful náqusunát
Nunuqusunáq, ahqi kutáhash
asokikámác: take heed, that your heart
be not deceived…Deut.11:16
nuqusôno-, VTI he takes heed of
something, is aware
I am aware of it nunuqusôno,
s/he is aware of it nuqusônôw,
you and I are aware of it
kunuqusônomun
Beware it! sg nuqusônosh,
Beware it! pl nuqusônoq,
when he is aware of it nuqusônôk
Nuqusônosh ayumak, nuqusônosh
mácisaq nuqusônosh kiniyan: Beware
of dogs, beware of evil workers,
beware of a sharp tongue.Phil.3:2
nuqut, NUM one (accent falls on 2nd
syllable)
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun: One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
nuqutcipay, NI the portion or share of
one person, a share, a part
portions nuqutcipayash
in the portion nuqutcipayuk
…Qá pish áhtawut áhtuwôk
nuqucipay:…and shall have part of the
inheritance…Prov.17.2
nuqutukiyun, NA an only child, son or
daughter
my only child nunuqutukiyun
our only children
kunuqutukiyununônak,
on my only child nunuqutukiyunuk
…sômi ayuw nunuqutukiyun: for he is
mine only child.Lk.9.38
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nuqutuqunakat-, VII it is one day, first
day, Monday
it is one day nuqutuqunakat,
that it is one day náqutuqunakáhk
Whenever it is Monday
náqutuqunakáhks
nusáhki, ADV all the while, so long as
Mutu numic wiyawhs nusáhki ahki:
I will eat no flesh while the world
standeth.1Cor.8:13
nush, PRON which (not in a question)
…as nush wiyokanah mutu wáhtôk
cáqan i, asu totay áyôt: during which
his wife did not know what he did, or
where he went.
nushá-, VAI he goes to be alone,
withdraws
I go to be alone noshá, he goes to be alone
nushá, you and I go to be alone
kunushámun, go to be alone! sg nushásh,
go to be alone! pl nusháq, that he go to be
alone nushát
Nushá wuci yáw kiskash: He went to be
alone for four days.
nusiqôn-, VAI he remains alone
I remain alone nunusiqôni,
s/he remains alone nusiqôni,
you and I remain alone
kunusiqônumun,
remain alone! sg nusiqônush,
remain alone! pl nusiqônuq,
that he remains alone násiqônuk
Nukatum wumicuwôk, násiqônuk wuci
yáw kiskash: He left his food behind,
when he remained alone.
nuskinôqat-, VII it is dirty, unclean
it is dirty nuskinôqat,
they are dirty nuskinôqatash,
that it is dirty náskinôqáhk,
that it is dirty náskinôqáhks
Wipi nuskinôqat yo punitôk: But this
knife is dirty; Nicish niskiniwôqatash:
My hands are dirty.
nuskinôqusu-, VAI he is dirty
I am dirty nunskinôqus,
s/he is dirty nuskinôqusuw,
you and I are dirty kunskinôqusumô,
Let’s get dirty! nuskinôqusutuk,
Get dirty! nuskinôqusush,
Get dirty! pl nuskinôqusuq,
that he is dirty náskinôqusut
Nuskinôqusuwak sômi pôhpuwak
pusakuk: They are dirty because they
played in the mud.
-nuso, NA DEP testicle
my testicles nunusowak
in his testicles wunusok
Nutakamuq nunusok: He struck me
in my testicles.
nusu-, VAI he is alone
I am alone nunus,
s/he is alone nusuw,
you and I are alone kunusumun,
Be alone! sg nusush,
Be alone! pl nusuq,
that he is alone násuk
Wáhsukah ákayôt, winu nusuw: When
her husband left her, she was extremely
alone.
nusuwi, ADV alone, lonely
Muks nusuwi pámshát, onon wiyonuk:
The wolf who walks alone, is howling at
the moon. Nusuwi nukatumsh náhtiya!
Sakipo: Leave the dog alone! He bites.
O
ocáwáhs, NA fly (the insect)
flies ocáwáhsak,
on the fly ocáwáhsuk
Môcish, ocáwáhs! Kunskinôqus: Go away,
fly! You are dirty.
-ocituwôk, NA DEP parent
my ancestors nocituwôkak
on my ancestors nocituwôkuk
Qá ocituwôkah pásahutut uk piyusihs:
And the parents brought in the child.Lk.2:27
-ohkumihs, NA DEP aunt
my aunts nohkumihsak
on my aunt nohkumihsuk,
my aunt nohkumihs
his aunt ohkumihsah,
our aunt (yours and mine) kohkumihsun
Nohkumihs nákum, nusihs nákum: She
is my aunt, he is my uncle. Kusihsuw tá
kohkumihsuw wunicônuwôwah nik
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skitôpák: Those people are your uncle
and aunt’s children.
ohq, NA worm, maggot
maggots ohqák, on the maggot ohqák
Wusômi ohqák ayuw wiyawhsuk: Too
many maggots are in the meat.
-ohs, NA DEP grandchild
grandkids nohsak
on the grandchild nohsuk,
my grandchild nohs
his grandchild ohsah,
our grandchildren (yours and mine)
kohsun
Nuks, ohsuwôwah ki: Yes, you are their
grandchild.
-ohsh, NA DEP father
on my father nohshuk,
my father nohsh,
his father ohshah,
our father (yours and mine) kohshun
Qutuyánum kohsh tá káhkas: Honor
your father and your mother.Ex.20:12
Niwuci niyuwantam wuci Davidah,
niwuci ohshah ákacut: for he was
grieved for David, because his father had
done him shame.1Sam.20:34
-okuns, NA DEP grandfather
my grandfathers nokunsak
on my grandfather nokunsuk, my
grandfather nokuns, his
grandfather okunsáh,
our grandfather (yours and
mine) kokunsun
Nunánu yo sqá, qá nokuns na in: This
woman is my grandmother and this man
is my grandfather.
-ohpsk, NA DEP hair (of the head) –
singular indicates a single strand of
hair
my hair (one strand) nohpsk, my hair
(the whole head) nohpskak,
in my hair nohpskuk,
his/her hair wohpskak,
someone’s hair mohpskak
Yo ciskicohuw, kohpskak nunshumsh:
Here is a towel, dry your hair.
onon-, VAI he screams, yells, howls like
a wild animal
I scream nutonon,
s/he screams onon,
you and I scream kutononun,
Let’s scream! ononutuk
Scream! ononsh, Scream! pl ononoq,
that he screams ononak
Kôkci kucohkôn nit onon aniya ôk
mushôtowi ôkutakanakah: The large
doll then screamed louder than the others.
Qipit kánawôt nuqut kucohkônah,
pásuq wuták nákum ayôtam ononak:
Every time he turned to look at one doll,
the one that was behind him would
scream.
onôptá-, VAI he consents
I consent nutonôptá,
s/he consents onôptáw,
you and I consent kutonôptáwômun,
Let’s consent! onôptáwutuk
Consent! onôptáw,
Consent! pl onôptáwohq,
that he consents onôptáwôt
Nikôni yôksqáhs matantam, qut
Cáhnamit sinitamaw, qá macish
onôptáw: At first the young woman was
unwilling, but Cáhnamit wooed her, and
at last she consented.
otán, NI town
towns otánásh on the town otánák
Kucôhtam i otán ôyan?: Do you want to
go to town? Ôtuk i otán: Let’s go to
town.
owáhtamowôk, NI understanding,
knowledge
in the understanding
owáhtamowôkanuk
Qá wámi nik notáwôcik
môcanatamuwak
owáhtamowôkanowuk tá
yôpohamuwôkanowash: And all that
heard him were astonished at his
understanding and answers.Lk.2:47
owi, INTERJ of sorrow
Owi! Nupuw: Owi! He is dead.
oyôkoway, NI valley
valleys oyôkowayush
in the valley oyôkowayuk
Wacuwuk áhtá oyôkoway: The valley is
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in the mountains.
Ô
ô-, VAI he goes (to a place)
I go nutô, s/he goes ô,
you and I go kutômun, Go! sg ôsh,
Go! pl ôq, Let’s go! ôtuk,
that he goes ôk
Iyo, ayômi k’thanuk ôk: Now they go
into the ocean. Ôtuk i otán: Let’s go to
town.
ôcimohkaw-, VTA he tells something to
someone, tells someone news or a
story
I tell a story to someone
nutôcimohkawô,
s/he gives someone the news
ôcimohkawáw,
you and I tell something to someone
kutôcimohkawômun,
Tell a story to him! sg ôcimohkaw,
Give the news to him! pl ôcimohkôhq,
Let’s tell a story to him!
ôcimohkawutuk,
that he tells a story to him ôcimohkawôt
Nunicôn, ihtôqat ôcimohkôyôn? : My
child, would you like me to tell you a
story? Nuks, ôcimohkawum ihtôqat!:
Yes, tell me a story!
ôcimu-, VAI he tells news, information, a
story
I tell a story nutôcim, s/he tells a story
ôcimuw, you and I tell a
story kutôcimumun, Let’s tell a story!
ôcimutuk, Tell a
story! sg ôcimush, Tell a
story! pl ôcimuq,
that he tells a story ôcimut
Miyawin mucimi ôcimuw: Miyawin
always tells stories.
ôc’tiyá-, VTI he mends it
I mend it nutôc’tiyáw,
she mends it ôc’tiyáw,
you and I mend it kutôc’tiyáwumun,
Let’s mend it! ôc’tiyátuk,
Mend it! sg ôc’tiyásh, Mend it!
pl ôc’tiyáq, that he mends it ôc’tiyák
Katunumsh kuwáwôpaks qá
nutôc’tiyáw: Take off your shirt, and I
will mend it.
ôhkupi, NI rum, alcohol, liquor
liquors ôhkupish, in the rum ôhkupik
Ôhkupi mus wusuh kakiwá: The rum
will make you drunk.
ôhqamamu-, VAI he is in pain, hurts (To
say that a part of your body hurts, use
the AI with the possessed body part
agreeing in person.)
I am in pain nutôhqamam, s/he is in
pain ôhqamamuw,
you and I are in pain
kutôhqamamumun,
that he is in pain ôhqamamut
Nutáh nutôhqamam: my heart aches.FF
ôhshoyhqôn, NI hat, head covering
hats ôhshoyhqônsh
on the hat ôhshoyhqônuk
Aqunumsh ôhshoyhqôn! T’káyuw: Put
on a hat! It is cold.
ôk, CONJ than
Mutáwi sayakati cimáw aniya ôk
ásqam, qá paswôsi aniyuhamôt yôpi:
He paddled harder than ever, and soon
began to catch up again.
ôkát, NA shadow
shadows ôkátak,
in the shadows ôkatuk
Nokimut wuci wiqayash
wohshuwôwah, wici asu mutu
wutôkátak qushkiyôk áhtá: [It] comes
down from the Father of Lights, with no
turning shadows.Jam.1:17
ôkatuq, NA cloud
clouds ôkatuqak,
in the clouds ôkatuquk
Qá ôkatuq nukámun
môwáwikamuq…And a cloud covered
the tent of the congregation.Ex.24:15-16
ôkhum-, VTI he covers it, conceals it
I cover it nutôkhum,
s/he covers it ôkhum,
you and I cover it kutôkhumumun,
Cover it! sg ôkhumsh,
Cover it! pl ôkhumoq,
that he covers it ôkhuk
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Páwihsa, nutakis, kiyaw ôkhumoq
kuskisuquwôwash: Okay, I will count,
you cover your eyes.
ôkosu-, VAI he prays
I pray nutôkos, s/he prays ôkosuw,
you and I pray kutôkosumun,
Pray! sg ôkosush, Pray! pl ôkosuq,
that he prays ôkosut
Ôkosush qá pisupásh pisupôkanuk:
Pray and sweat at the lodge. Ôkosutuk:
Let us pray!
ôkowi, ADV away, beyond, further on
Ôkowi kutapumôpa mutáwiyush
katumuwash, wipi iyo kuputukimô qá
yotay kutapumô: Y'all lived away for
many years, but now you have come back
and you live here!
ôkowu-, VII – it is shady
it is shady ôkowuw,
they are shady ôkowush
that it is shady ôkowak,
whenever it is shady ôkowaks
Ókowuw aqu mihtuq: It is shady under
the tree.
ôkum, NA snowshoe
snowshoes ôkumak,
on the snowshoes ôkumuk
Aqunumsh ôkumak ásqam kupumshá
konuk: Put on the snowshoes before you
walk in the snow.
ôkumam-, VAI he walks with
snowshoes, uses snowshoes
I use snowshoes nutôkumam,
s/he uses snowshoes ôkumam,
you and I use snowshoes
kutôkumamumun,
Use snowshoes! sg ôkumamsh,
Use snowshoes! pl ôkumamoq,
that he uses snowshoes ôkumak
Ôkumamuk wiyon: snow wading
month. Socpoks ôkumham: Whenever
it is snowing, he goes snowshoeing.
ôkutak, ADV other, another (‘more’ in
the sense of quantities; see ‘áyuwi’
for qualities)
others ôkutakansh (inanimate),
others ôkutakanak (animate)
Ôkutak wiwáhcum misum: Give me
another ear of corn; Ôkutakansh
wustawutuk: Let’s make some more.
Nunáwô ôkutak kisusq: I see another
sun.FF
ôkutakanuk, ADV otherwise, elsewhere
‘at another’
Tôn ôkutakanuk kut’huyô?: What else
can you call him?
ômki-, VAI he gets up, as out of bed
I get up nutômki,
s/he gets up ômkiw,
you and I get up kutômkimun,
Get up! sg ômkish,
Get up! pl ômkiq,
that he gets up ômkit
Ômkiq! Tôn kukawimô?: Get up! How
did you sleep? Ômkish, qá mamun
mukihs tá áhkasah…:Arise and take the
young child and his mother…Matt.2:13
Nutômki, numic, sômi nuwacônôn
mihkikuwôk wuci Manto: I get up, I
eat, because I have strength from God.FF
ômohká-, VTA he raises him up
I raise him up nutômohká,
s/he raises him up ômohkáw,
you and I raise him up
kutômohkáwômun,
Raise him up! sg ômohkáw,
Raise him up! pl ômohkáwohq,
that he raises him up ômohkáwôt
Qá cáyhsah wikuk nipawak
wutômohkunahutut wuci ahkik: And
the elders of his house stood to raise him
up from the earth.2Sam12:17
ômohkum- VII it rises, arises
it rises ômohkum,
they rise ômohkumsh
that it rises ômohkak,
that they rise ômohkaks
Qá, kusi, nushiwusash ômohkum, qá
ôk : …and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also
stood upright Gen.37.7
ômohkun-, he raises it up
I raise it up nutômohkun,
s/he raises it up ômohkun,
you and I raise it up kutômohkunumun,
Raise it up! sg ômohkunsh,
Raise it up! pl ômohkunoq,
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that he raises it up ômohkuk
Pakowatáwak yo Temple, qá
shwiqunakáhk nutômohkamash:
Destroy this temple, and in three days I
will raise it up.John2:19
ônqshô-, VAI he sells, trades
I sell nutônqshô,
s/he trades ônqshô,
you and I sell kutônqshômun,
Trade! sg ônqshôsh,
Trade pl ônqshôq,
that he sells ônqshôt
Wômansh tápi nutônqshô, nuwacônô
cánaw kôcuci muni, ôtay mut
nunupayon wuci yôtumôk: Eggs I can
sell, I have only a little money so then I
don’t die of hunger.FF
ôp-, INIT back, against, up against
Yok ponáw ôpsusupôkamuq papômi
cupuwicuw, wámi nuw’i kánamáhutut:
These she put against the walls around
the room, all facing the center.
ôpamqay-, VTA he turns himself around,
he turned back
I turn myself around nutôpamqayô,
s/he turns herself around ôpamqayáw,
you and I turn him around
kutôpamqayômun,
they turn themselves around ôpamqayak
Turn yourself around! sg ôpamqas,
Turn yourselves around! pl
ôpamqayohq,
Let’s turn ourselves around!
ôpamqayutuk,
that he turns himself around ôpamqayôt
Páhqáhunáwash kupumôtamuwôk;
áhqi ôpamqayush: Escape for your life;
look not behind thee!Gen.19:17
ôpitak, ADV afterward, after that
Qá ôpitak, ôqi wutôqanumwihiyô
kihtahan máyuk: And afterward he did
more grievously afflict her by the way of
the sea.Is.9:1
ôpôcu-, VAI he returns again, he goes
back [with locative indirect object]
I return nutôpôc,
he goes back ôpôcuw,
you and I return kutôpôcumun,
Return! sg ôpôcush,
Return! pl ôpôcuq,
that he returns ôpôcut
Tuwac kutôpôcuyak wôk
nocumwisuw: How turn ye again
weak?Gal.4:9
ôpôcum-, VII it returns, it goes back
[with locative indirect object]
it returns ôpôcum,
they return ôpôcumosh
when it returns ôpôcumak,
whenever it returns ôpôcaks
Qut mutu tapinumomun,
kuwuyohtiyôk ôpôcumosh i kahakák:
but if it be not worthy, let your peace
return to you.Matt.10:13
-ôpsk, FINAL a stone or rock
-rocks -ôpskansh,
on the ___ -rocks -ôpskanuk
Nákumôw pish táhkotayák
kusôpskanuk: They shall climb upon the
(high) rocks.Jer.4:29
ôqamámowôk, NI physical pain, sorrow,
torment
sorrows ôqamámowôkansh
in the sorrow ôqamámowôkanuk
Qá pásowawaw wámi máhcunáhutut
skitôpak ôkapuniyá naspi piyowi
inuniyáwôkansh tá ôqamámowôkansh:
They brought unto him all sick people
that were taken with divers diseases and
torments.Mt.4:24
ôqamámowi, ADV full of sorrow, in
sorrow
Ôqamámowi pish kunichám: In sorrow
thou shalt bring forth children.Gen.3:16
ôqanumwihiyô-, VAI he causes
affliction, he torments
I torment nutôqanumwihiyô,
s/he torments ôqanumwihiyô,
you and I torment
kuôqanumwihiyômun,
Torment! sg ôqanumwihiyôsh,
Torment! pl ôqanumwihiyôq,
Let’s cause agony! ôqanumwihiyôtuk
that he torments ôqanumwihiyôt
Sun kisk nit waskitôp ôqanumwihiyô
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kitiyayôkah?: Is it a day when a man
torments his soul?Is.58:5
ôqatantam-, VTI he rewards it, gives
recompense
I reward it nukunam,
s/he rewards it kunam,
you and I reward it kukunamumun,
Let’s reward it! kunamutuk,
Reward it! sg kunamsh,
Reward it! pl kunamoq,
that he rewards it kának
Nákum wáh ôqatantam: He may
recompense it.Job34:33
ôqatôk, NI a recompense, wages, or
reward
rewards ôqatôkansh
in the reward ôqatôkanuk
Niwuci tônociwôwak pish wutôqatôk:
For vanity shall be his recompense.Job15:31
ôqánumwun-, VAI he is grieved or
afflicted, in affliction; he is suffering
I am grieved nutôqánumwun,
s/he is grieved ôqánumwun,
you and I are grieved
kutôqánumwunmun,
Grieve! sg ôqánumwunsh
Grieve! pl ôqánumwunoq
Let’s be grieved! ôqánumwunutuk,
that he is grieved ôqánumwut
Qá ôqánumwut wihqitumaw Manto:
And when he was in affliction he
entreated God.2Chr.33.:12
ôqhasuwôk, NI that which makes a
cover or covers
covers ôqhasuwôkansh
on the cover ôqhasuwôkanuk
Qá pish kutayum wiyôkansh tá
ôqhasuwôkansh naspi wikuk gold: And
you shall make dishes and covers with
pure gold.Ex.25:29
ôqhik, NI cover for a dish
dish covers ôqhikash
on the dish cover ôqhikuk
Taspowôkanuk pish sipakinumak
onônak qá wuponamunáw wiyôkansh,
tá kiyamôk, tá wisqash, tá ôqhikash
nishnuw apqôsuwash: Upon the table
they shall spread a blue cloth, and
thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and
the bowls and covers to cover each
one.Num.4:7
ôqhôk, NI a covering, a screen or curtain
coverings ôqhôkash
in the coverings ôqhôkuk
Ayumaw wahakah ôqhôkash aqi
manátawpana; wumôyak yohkáyuk tá
pishawák: She makes herself coverings
like tapestry; her clothing is soft and
purple.Prov.31:22
ôqi, ADV sorely, severely, grievously
Qá ôpitak, ôqi wutôqanumwihiyô
kihtahan máyuk: And afterward he did
more grievously afflict her by the way of
the sea.Is.9:1
ôqinihuwawôk, NI severity
severities ôqinihuwawôkansh
in severity ôqinihuwawôkanuk
Kuniyásh yo wuci wuyituwôk tá
ôqinihuwawôk Manto: Behold
therefore the goodness and severity of
God.Rom.11:22
ôqiniyôqát, VII it is severe
it is severe ôqiniyôqát,
they are severe ôqiniyôqásh
that it is severe ôqiniyôqáhk,
whenever it is severe ôqiniyôqáhks
Qá musikin mutu pish wáhtoyôn kik
niwuci máhshaqát noswutwáwôk
niwuci pish ôqiniyôqát: And the plenty
shall not be known in the land by reason
of that famine following; for it shall be
very grievous.Gen.41:31
ôtanihkun-, VAI he steps
I step nutôtanihkun,
s/he steps ôtanihkun,
you and I step kutôtanihkunun,
Step! sg ôtanihkunsh,
Step! pl ôtanihkunoq,
that he steps ôtanihkunak
Ôtanihkunak wuci wumushoy,
yôksqáhsah iwá: ‘Pish kuwicôsh’:
When he stepped from his canoe, the
young woman said: ‘I will come with
you.’
ôtay, ADV then
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Wámi ôtay mutáwi
kuwuskinumunônupa: We were all
very young then!
ôtômuk, NI womb, matrix
wombs ôtômuk
in the womb ôtômukuk
Papohs ôtômukuk sqáwihs: The baby in
her womb is a girl.
ôtshohkôk, NI myth, legend
myths ôtshohkôkansh,
in the myth ôtshohkôkanuk
Qaci pumshá ôtshohkôk: He walked out
of a legend.
-ôtup, FINAL head
sipôtup: river head
ôyatuh, CONJ as though
Sqáwihs áyaqapih kôkciwin ôyatuh
wunusuw: The girl stands before the
great man as though she has testicles.
Tamakan nipawash ôyatuh
káhtôquwuk: The floods stood upright
Ex.15:8
as a heap.
P
paci, ADV until
Mutu putuki paci yôpôwi: He won’t
return until morning.
pakatôtám-, VAI he determines,
resolves, purposes, decides
I decide nupakatôtám,
s/he decides pakatôtám,
you and I decide kupakatôtámun,
Decide! sg pakatôtámsh,
Decide! pl pakatôtámoq,
that he decides pákatôtámak
Cikiyuw, pakatôtám nákayôt: After a
while, she decided that she would leave
him.
pakatôtám-, VTI he determines it,
resolves, purposes, decides
I determine it nupakatôtám, s/he
determines it pakatôtám, you and I
determine it kupakatôtámun, Let’s
determine it! pakatôtámutuk,
Determine it! sg pakatôtámsh,
Determine it! pl pakatôtámoq,
that he determines it pákatôták
Nishnuw iwák tápi micuw nanô ôk
ôkutak, uy pakatôtámuk mihkunumak
ayikanawôk: Each said that he could eat
more than the other, so it was decided to
hold a contest.
pakáyu-, VII it is thick (Alternative
spelling: kuhpakáyuw)
it is thick sg pakáyuw,
they are thick pakáyush,
that it is thick pákák,
whenever it is thick pákáks
Wutqun aqi pakáyuw wukihtiqáynic:
The stick was as thick as his thumb.
pakcumus, NI white oak
white oaks pakcumusush
in the white oaks pakcumusuk
Tôn wisacumus tá pakcumus nuw? :
How are red oak and white oak alike?
pakitam-, VTI he throws it away, gives it
up, quits it
I give it up nupakitam, s/he gives
it up pakitam, you and I give
it up kupakitamumun,
Let’s give it up! pakitamutuk,
Give it up! sg pakitamsh,
Give it up! pl pakitamoq,
that he gives it up pákitak
Côci nutakamô wáci pakitam
piyámáq: I ought to hit him so that he
would give up the fish. FF
pakowato-, VTI he destroys it
I destroy it nupakowato,
s/he destroys it pakowatow,
you and I destroy it kupakowatomun
Destroy it! sg pakowatush,
Destroy it! pl pakowatoq,
that he destroys it pákowatok
Yo in pish pakowatow ayuwôk: This
man shall destroy this place.Act.6:14
pakowatiyá-, VAI he destroys
I destroy nupakowatiyáw,
s/he destroys pakowatiyáw,
you and I destroy kupakowatiyánun,
Destroy! sg pakowatiyásh,
Destroy! pl pakowatiyáq,
that he destroys pákowatiyát
Kumotuwin mutu piyo, qut kámotut tá
náhshôt, tá pákowatiyát: The thief
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doesn’t come, but to steal and kill and
destroy.John10:10
pakowaw-, VTA he destroys him
I destroy him nupakowaw,
s/he destroys him pakowaw,
you and I destroy him
kupakowawômun,
Let’s destroy him! pakowawutuk
Destroy him! sg pakowaw,
Destroy him! pl pakowahq,
that he destroys him pákowat
Qá pish nupakowawucôn, ni tá nik:
and I shall be destroyed, I and my
house.Gen.34:30
pakowônuwôk, NI destruction
acts of destruction pakowônuwôkansh
in the destruction pakowônuwôkanuk
Wusituwôwash qaqish mácituk,
máhchumwihtuwôk tá pakowônuwôk
máyuk: Their feet run to evil, wasting
and destruction are in their paths.Is.59:7
pamôpakun-, VAI he creeps or crawls,
like an animal
I crawl nupamôpakun,
s/he crawls pamôpakun,
you and I crawl kupamôpakun, Crawl!
sg pamôpakunsh,
Crawl! pl pamôpakunoq,
that he crawks pámôpakunak
…nit tôtáw apunák qá sáhkinum
munáks totay kôkci kucohkôn sipsuk:
…and then crawled into bed and poured
forth her bowels where the large doll lay.
panôpaw-, VTA he gives a gift to him
I give a gift to him nupanôpawô,
s/he gives a gift to him panôpaw,
you and I give a gift to him
kupanôpawômun,
Let’s give a gift to him! panôpawutuk
Give a gift to him! sg panôpaw,
Give a gift to him! pl panôpôhq,
that he gives a gift to him panôpôt
Qá niwuci papanôpaw, qá wani
kupanôpôt: And because of that you
gave gifts to him, and no gifts were given
to you.Ezek.16:34
papaspi, PREP through
Wáhsutá papaspi ôkatuquk: He shines
through the cloud.Job22:13
papaspushá-, VAI he passes through (as
through a place or a country)
I pass through nupapaspushá,
s/he passes through papaspushá,
you and I pass through
kupapaspushámun,
Pass through! sg papaspushásh,
Pass through! pl papaspusháq,
that he dances pápaspushát
Apná qá wutinah pumshák
wôpani…qá papaspushák wámi
Pután: Abner and his men walked all
night…and passed through all of
Bithron.2Sam.2:29
‘papon, NI chair (Alternative spelling:
ahpapon)
chairs paponsh, in the chair paponuk
Yo ôkutak papon: This is another chair;
Nis paponsh áhtásh nikunônuk: There
are two chairs in our house; Nuwikôtam
mátapuyôn kupaponuk: I like sitting in
your chair.
papômi, PREP about, around, concerning
Yo ihtôqat papômi áhsup, ôkutakanak
awáyáhsak, tá umicuwôkanuw: This is
a story about a raccoon, the other
animals, and their food.
papusus-, VII it is fun
it is fun papusus,
they are fun papusush
that it is fun sg pápusáhk,
whenever it is fun pl pápusáhks
Yo papusus: This is fun.
papususwôk, NI fun, mirth
lots of fun papususwôkansh
in fun papususwôkanuk
Wicuw yumwáy wuci papususwôk tá
háhanuwôk: The house was full of fun
and laughter.
pasksháhsan-, VAI he falls down
I fall down nupasksháhsan,
s/he falls down pasksháhsan,
you and I fall down
kupasksháhsanumun,
Fall down! sg pasotsháw,
Fall down! pl pasotsháwohq,
that he falls down pásksháhsak
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Cáqan kutam i pasksháhsak mihtuq? :
What do you say to the fallen tree?
pasotshá-, VAI he goes or comes near,
approaches
I approach nupasotshá,
s/he approaches pasotsháw,
you and I approach kupasotsháwômun,
Approach! sg pasksháhsansh,
Approach! pl pasksháhsanoq,
that he approaches pásotsháwôt
Paswôsi, pasotsháw qá kipi ciwi i
nákum, qá ayôtam táhqunáw: He soon
began to approach her, and quickly he
was almost up to her, and would have
caught her.
paspushá-, VII it breaks through, it
bursts forth, blossoms
it breaks through paspushá,
they break through paspushásh
when it breaks through páspushák,
whenever it breaks through páspusháks
Wôk nipás paspushá, qá nipas wayô,
qá kipshô i ayuwôk áhta páspishôt:
The sun also rises, and the sun goes down
and hastens to his place where he
arose.Eccl.1:5
pasqatam, NI gooseberry
gooseberries pasqatamunash
in the goosberries pasqatamuk
Wustawum cáqan wiksapákáhk wuci
pasqatam! : Make me something sweet
from the gooseberry!
pasuqi-, VAI he gets up, arise (alternate;
ômki-, get up; arise)
I get up nupasuqi,
s/he gets up pasuqi,
you and I get up kupasuqimun
Get up! sg pasuqish,
Get up! pl pasuqiq,
that he gets up pásuqit
Wôcak, pasuqiq: Everyone, get up.
paswáhto-, VII it is near
it is near paswáhto,
they are near paswáhtosh
that it is near paswáhtohk,
whenever it is near paswáhtohks
Kuwáhto siqan paswáhto: You know
the spring is near.Mat.24:32
paswôsi, ADV soon
Paswôsi, pasotsháw qá kipi ciwi i
nákum, qá ayôtam táhqunáw: He soon
began to approach her, and quickly he
was almost up to her, and would have
caught her.
paswu, ADV lately
Qut paswu numusinunak ômkik uy
matwáw: But lately my people have
risen up as an enemy. Mic.2:8
patáhqáham-, VII it thunders, there is
thunder
it thunders patáhqáham,
that it thunders pátáhqáhak
whenever it thunders pátáhqáhaks
Patáhqaham Wiyon: Thunder Moon.
Ciwi tupkuw, patáhqáham: It is nearly
night, there is thunder. FF
patáhqáham, NA thunder
at the thunder patáhqáhamuk
Patáhqáham piyô sokuyôn: Thunder
comes when it rains.
patupáshun-, VII it drips, there is
dripping
it drips patupáshun,
that it drips pátupáshuk,
whenever it drips pátupáshuks
Nupi patupáshun wuci cupisakatôk, qá
patupshatôw kik: Water dripped from
the curds, and fell down on the ground.
patupshato-, VTI he drops it, lets it fall
I drop it nupatupshato,
s/he drops it patupshatôw,
you and I drops it kupatupshatomun,
Let’s drop it! patupshatotuk,
Drop it! sg patupshatawush,
Drop it! pl patupshatawoq,
that he drops it pátupshatôt
Áskotash nupatupahshato: I dropped
the pumpkins. Woy, nunám
pátupahshatoyan áskotash: I see that
you have dropped the pumpkins. Nunám
pátupahshatôk áskotash: I see that he
has dropped the pumpkins. Páwihsa,
mutu mus nupatupahshatomun
áskotash: Okay, we won’t drop the
pumpkins.
páh-, VTA he waits for him
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I wait for him nupáhô,
s/he waits for him páháw,
you and I wait for him kupáhômun,
Let’s wait for him! páhutuk
Wait for him! sg páh,
Wait for him! pl páhohq,
that he waits for him páhôt
Páháw kuski kôkci mihtuq: He waits
for him by the great tree. Páhum kuski
mushoy! : Wait for me by the boat!
páhkáyu-, VII it is clean
it is clean páhkáyuw,
they are clean páhkáyush
that it is clean sg pákák,
whenever it is clean pl pákáks
Nicish páhkayush: My hands are clean.
páhki, ADV maybe, perhaps
Mutu, páhki mutu mus: No, maybe he
won’t. Putukunik mus páhki micuwak:
Maybe bread will they eat.FF
páhkisu-, VAI he is clean
I am clean nupáhkis,
s/he is clean páhkisuw,
you and I are clean kupáhkisumun,
Let’s be clean! páhkisutuk,
Be clean! sg páhkisush,
Be clean! pl páhkisuq,
that he is clean pákisut
Uwisuwôkanuk Manto, áyuwi
páhkisut, áyuwi páhkisut: In the Name
of God, the most pure, the most pure.
páhkito-, VTI he cleans it
I clean it nupáhkito,
s/he cleans it páhkitôw,
you and I clean it kupáhkitomun
Clean it! sg páhkitawush,
Clean it! pl páhkitawoq,
that he cleans it páhkitôk
Nupáhkito nik asikiskôkush: I clean my
home daily.
páhkshu-, VTI he breaks it with violence
I break it nupáhksh,
s/he breaks it páhkshuw,
you and I break it kupáhkshumun,
Break it! sg páhkshush,
Break it! pl páhkshuq,
that he breaks it páhkshuk
…qut niyuwôtamuwôk mutáhuk
páhkshuw yáhshá: but by sorrow of the
heart the spirit is broken.Prov.15:13
páhpohs, NA child, baby
babies páhpohsak
on the babies páhpohsuk
Nuwikôtamumun yo natawahuwôk,
wipi côci nupásawômun páhpohs i
nikun: We have enjoyed this visit, but
we must take our baby home.
páhqáham-, VAI he gets clear, escapes
I escape nupáhqáham,
s/he escapes páhqáham,
you and I escape kupáhqáhamumun,
they escape páhqáhamak
Escape! sg páhqáhamsh,
Escape! pl páhqáhamoq,
that he escapes páhqáhak
Páhqáhunáwash kupumôtamuwôk;
áhqi ôpamqayush: Escape for your life;
look not behind thee!Gen.19:17
páhqáhunáw-, VTA he makes him get
clear, delivers him, helps him escape
I help him escape nupáhqáhunáwô,
s/he help him escape páhqáhunáw,
you and I help him escape
kupáhqáhunáwômun
Let’s help him escape!
páhqáhunáwutuk,
Help him escape! sg páhqáhunáw,
Help him escape! pl páhqáhunáwohq,
that help him escape páhqáhunáwôt
Ki kitasotamák, páhqáhunáw kahak:
If you are king, save yourself.Lk.23:37
páhsut, ADV later, later on, in a while
Páhsut tápi kukucusumômô
kahakáwôwak: Later you can wash your
bodies.
páhto-, VTI he waits for it
I wait for it nupáhto,
s/he waits for it páhtôw,
you and I waits for it kupáhtomun,
Let’s wait for it! páhtotuk,
Wait for it! sg páhtawush,
Wait for it! pl páhtawoq,
that he waits for it páhtôk
Mayunusuwi páhto wuci siqan: He
patiently waits for spring.
pásaw-, VTA he brings him
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I bring him nupásawô,
s/he brings him pásawáw,
you and I bring him kupásawômun,
Let’s bring him! pásawutuk
Bring him! sg pásaw,
Bring him! pl pásôhq,
that he brings him pásawôt
Nunicônun kupásawômun: We brought
our baby. Pawáwôk popowutáhuk
pásawôtuk: Let’s bring the powwow
drum. Yotay piyôsh! Pásawôhutuc:
Come here, let them bring him.
Qá pásowawaw wámi máhcunáhutut
skitôpak ôkapuniyá naspi piyowi
inuniyáwôkansh tá ôqamámowôkansh:
They brought unto him all sick people
that were taken with divers diseases and
torments.Mt.4:24
páskhik, NI gun
guns páskhikansh
in the gun páskhikanuk
Ponamsh pum páskhikanuk: Put oil on
the gun.
pásukokun, NUM nine
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun, páyaq:
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven,
eight, nine, ten.
pásukokun-cahshuncák, NUM ninety
Wohsh pumôtam pásukokuncahshuncák katumuwash: His father
has lived ninety years.
pásukokunut, NUM ninth
Náy, pásukokunut punitôk
niskiniwôqat: Yes, the ninth knife is
dirty.
páskôsq, NI board, floor board
boards pásukôsqash
on the boards pásukôsquk
Yo páskôsq áyin: This floor board is
rotten.
pásuq, NUM hundred (used after the
numbers 1 through 9 to form
multiples of a hundred; also an
alternate term for ‘one’)
Wánuks apuw yotay yaw-pásuq
katumuwash: The white man has been
here four hundred years.
pátaw-, VTA he brings it to him
I bring it to him nupátawô,
s/he brings it to him pátawáw,
you and I kupátawômun,
Let’s bring it to him! pátawutuk
Bring it to him! sg pátaw,
Bring it to him! pl pátôhq,
that he brings it to him pátawôt
Manotásh pátawoq: (You plural) bring
the basket to me.
páto-, VTI he brings it
I bring it nupáto,
s/he brings it pátôw,
you and I bring it kupátomun
Bring it! sg pátawush,
Bring it! pl pátawoq,
that he brings it pátôk
Qá wusqik wuci nuw’sintamawôkanun
nupáto, wáci nôhtuyuyak inkôtôkansh:
And I brought our wedding book to show
you the pictures. Pupiq pátawush: bring
the flute.
pátôhtá-, VII it is sunrise, the sun rises
it is sunrise pátôhtá,
that it is sunrise pátôhták, whenever it is
sunrise pátôhtáks
Wiqáhsun! Ômkish! Pátôhtá: Good
morning! Get up! It is sunrise. Pátôhtá
wimuw. T’kayuw yo yôpôwi: Sun is
rising bright. It is cold this morning. FF
pátunáhshô-, VAI he is made to fly
I am made to fly nupátunáhshô,
s/he is made to fly pátunáhshô,
you and I are made to fly
kupátunáhshôwômun,
Let’s be made to fly! pátunáhshôwutuk
Fly! pátunáhshôw,
Fly! pl pátunáhshôwohq,
that he is made to fly pátunáhshôwôt
Moshup potá, qá mukacuks
pátunáhshô wicawuk: Mooshup blew
heavily, and the boy was made to fly into
the mountains.
páwantôk, NI fan (alternate spelling:
páwanuhtôk)
fans páwantôkansh
on the fan páwantôkanuk
Náham pawanatôk áhtá wáwápi
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 123
piyôkut: The turkey fan is above the
blanket.
páwáwtawôk, NI magic skill
magic skills páwáwtawôkansh
in the magic páwáwtawôkanuk
Mô quni-yôwat in uyôhtum wáhtôk
aniyá páwáwtawôkash ôk Cáhnamit:
Once [long ago] there was a man who
thought he knew more tricks than
Cáhnamit.
páyaq, NUM ten
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun, páyaq,
páyaq napni nuqut, páyaq napni nis,
páyaq napni shwi: One, two, three, four,
five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven,
twelve, thirteen. Páyaq yotay ponamsh:
Put ten here.
páyaq napni nis, NUM twelve
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun, páyaq,
páyaq napni nuqut, páyaq napni nis,
páyaq napni shwi: One, two, three, four,
five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven,
twelve, thirteen.
páyaq napni nuqut, NUM eleven
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun, páyaq,
páyaq napni nuqut, páyaq napni nis,
páyaq napni shwi: One, two, three, four,
five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven,
twelve, thirteen.
páyaq napni shwi, NUM thirteen
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun, páyaq,
páyaq napni nuqut, páyaq napni nis,
páyaq napni shwi: One, two, three, four,
five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven,
twelve, thirteen.
páyaqut, NUM tenth
Páyaqut wunámôn ayuw iyo qunôkan
áywi: His tenth son is now the tallest.
pinowanutuwôk, NI mutual strife,
contention
contention pinowanutuwôkansh,
in the strife pinowanutuwôkanuk
Cáhnamit tá ôkutak inah wacônumak
pinowanutuwôk: Cáhnamit and another
man had a dispute.
piksihs, NI pig
pigs piksihsak on the pig piksihsuk
Cáqan kusamômun piksihs? Wámi
cáqansh: What do you feed the pig?
Everything!
pimunt, NI string, thread (alternate
spelling: pimunuht)
strings pimuntônsh,
on the string pimuntônuk
Pimunt nucôhtam: I want some thread.
pipinacucôhqôk, NI mirror
mirrors pipinacucôhqôkansh,
in the mirror pipinacucôhqôkanuk
Pumshátuk Wicuwuk wuci
Pipinacucôhqôkansh: Let’s go into the
House of Mirrors!
pish, AUX VERB shall, will [a word
signifying the future]
Nákumôw pish táhkotayák
kusôpskanuk: They shall climb upon the
(high) rocks.Jer.4:29
pishawáyu-, VII it is purple, violet
it is purple pishawáyuw,
they are purple pishawáyush,
that is purple pishawák,
when it is purple pishawáyáks
Pôhshi tápqák, kisusq pishawáyuw
wáyôk: On some nights, the sky is purple
when it is sunset.
pishawisu-, VAI he is purple, violet
I am purple nupishawis,
s/he is purple pishawisuw,
you and I are purple kupishawisumun,
that he is purple pishawisut,
that they are purple pishawisut
Poqáh ayáhsak ayuwak pishawisuw tá
wôpisuw: The quohag shells are purple
and white. Ayumaw wahakah ôqhôkash
aqi manátawpana; wumôyak
yohkáyuk tá pishawák: She makes
herself coverings like tapestry; her
clothing is soft and purple.Prov.31:22
pisihs, NA little one
little ones pisihsak
in the little ones pisihsuk
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Pômi pômsháwôk mámusik, pisihs
ciqunapuw: During the whole trip the
little was quiet.
pisupá-, VAI he goes to sweat in a
sweatlodge
I go to sweat nupisupá,
s/he goes to sweat pisupá,
you and I go to sweat kupisupámun,
Let’s go to sweat! pisupátuk
Go sweat! sg pisupásh,
Go sweat! pl pisupáq,
that he goes to sweat pisupát
Ôkosush qá pisupásh pisupôkanuk:
Pray and sweat at the lodge.
pisupôk, NI sweatlodge
lodges pisupôkansh
at the lodge pisupôkanuk
Piyôsh pisupôk: Come to the
sweatlodge! Ôkosush qá pisupásh
pisupôkanuk: Pray and sweat at the
sweatlodge.
pitan, NI a quiver
quivers pitansh
in the quiver pitanuk
Payaq kikumsh áhtásh pitanuk: There
are ten arrows in the quiver.
pitkôs, NI woman's dress
dresses pitkôsonsh
on the dress pitkôsonuk
Pitkôs asu kusawôk côhtam áqunuk?:
Does she want to wear a dress or a skirt?
Nupitkôs, upitkôs: My dress, her dress.
pito-, VTI he puts it in
I put it in nupito,
s/he puts it in pitôw,
you and I put it in kupitomun
Put it in! sg pitawush,
Put it in! pl pitawoq,
that he puts it in pitôk
Pitawush wômansh pitôkanuk: Put the
eggs in the bag!
pitôk, NI - purse, pouch
purses pitôkansh,
in the purse pitôkanuk
Quniyôkát mus kuwustawôq wikun
pitôk: Long Shadow will make for you a
beautiful pouch.
piwáhcu-, VII it is little, small
it is small piwáhcuw,
they are small piwáhcush
that it is small piwáhcuk,
whenever it is small piwáhcuks
Yo manotá piwáhcuk mamsh qá naspi
masqusitsh numwahtawush: Take this
small basket and fill it with beans.
piwi-, VAI he is little
I am little nupiwi, s/he is little piwi,
you and I are little kupiwiwômun,
Be little! sg piwish,
Be little! pl piwiq,
that he is little piwit
Piwiyôn, ôk nutayimihkinôqusuw:
When I was little, I am stronger than it
seems.
piwi-, VII it is little
it is little piwi,
they are little piwish,
that it is little piwik,
whenever it is little piwiks
Munish piwiks, katumuw sayakat:
Whenever money is little, the year is
hard.
piwicuw, NI a little house, cottage
cottages piwicuwash
at the cottage piwicuwuk
Wut’hiwak piwicuwuk qáyi otánuk:
They live in a little house at the edge of
town.
piwsihsu-, VAI he is small
I am small nupiwsihs,
s/he is small piwsihsuw,
you and I are small kupiwsihsumun,
Let’s be small! piwsihsutuk
Be small! sg piwsihsush,
Be small! pl piwsihsuq,
that he is small piwsihsut
Yo miqun piwsihsuw: This feather is
small.
piyawôtam-, VTI he attains something,
he comes to something
I attain it nupiyawôtam,
s/he attains it piyawôtam,
you and I attain it kupiyawôtamumun,
Let’s attain it! piyawôtamutuk
Attain it! sg piyawôtamsh,
Attain it! pl piyawôtamoq,
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that he attains it piyawôtaqak
Utáh kaci piyawôtamak,
pumshátuk nôn qutuhikanuk: To
what we have already attained, let us
walk by the same rule.Phil.3:16
piyámáq, NA fish
fishes piyámáqak
on the fish piyámáquk
Côci nutakamô wáci pakitam
piyámáq: I ought to hit him so that he
would give up the fish. FF
piyámáqcá-, VAI he goes fishing, fish
(verb) ‘gather fish’
I go fishing nupiyámáqcá,
s/he goes fishing piyámáqcá,
you and I go fishing kupiyámáqcámun,
Let’s go fishing! piyámáqcatuk,
Go fishing! sg piyámáqcásh,
Go fishing! pl piyámáqcáq,
that he goes fishing piyámáqcát
Piyámáqcátuk: Let’s go fishing!
piyowi, ADV strange, different,
uncommon; foreign
Qá pásowawaw wámi máhcunáhutut
skitôpak ôkapuniyá naspi piyowi
inuniyáwôkansh tá ôqamámowôkansh:
They brought unto him all sick people
that were taken with divers diseases and
torments.Mt.4:24
piyô-, VAI he comes
I come nupiyô, s/he comes piyô,
you and I come kupiyômun,
Come! sg piyôsh, Come! pl piyôq,
Let’s come! piyôtuk,
that he comes piyôt
Yôpi nupiyômun: We will come again;
Yotay piyôq, kiyaw: Come here, you all.
Náhsuk, nutuyôhtum kitôpánônak
piyôhutut: Husband, I think that our
friends have come.
piyôkut, NI blanket (English loan)
blankets piyôkutash
in the blanket piyôkutuk
Wôcak, piyôkut mihkunumoq:
Everybody, hold the blanket.
Kutapumun waskici piyôkutuk: We are
on top of the blanket.
piyômu-, VII it comes
it comes piyômuw,
they come piyômush
that he comes piyômuk,
whenever he comes piyômuks
Yo wôk wáhtawush, mawmacish
kiskash nunuqi qôpáyuwôkansh pish
piyômush: This know also, that in the
last days perilous times shall come.2Tim.3.1
piyusihs, NA an infant, a child
infants piyusihsak
on the child piysihsuk
Qá ocituwôkah pásahutut uk piyusihs:
And the parents brought in the child.Lk.2:27
pocináw, NI the bosom, the breast
breasts pocináwash
at the breast pocináwuk
Sáhkinumhutut wucôquwôwah
áhkasah pocináwuk: …when their
souls were poured out into their
mothers’ bosom.Lam.2:12
pohpohqutihs, NA quail, bobwhite
quails pohpohqutihsak
on the quails pohpohqutihsuk
Pohpohqutihs ayuw pátuqák,
môpamuqák wakak qá wompák
wanonawash: The bobwhite has a round,
brown body and white cheeks.
pohpohs, NA cat (English loan)
cats pohpohsak
on the cats pohpohsuk
Pohpohs tá náhtiyá kusamô?: Did you
feed the cat and the dog? Páwihsa,
nusamô pohpohs qá samáw náhtiyah:
Okay, I will feed the cat and he will feed
the dog.
pon-, VTA he puts him, places him
I place him nuponô,
he places him ponáw,
you and I place him kuponômun
Put him! sg ponsh,
Put him! pl ponohq,
that he puts him ponôt
K’payuk ponsh muks: Put the wolf in
the forest. Jesus Christ mus pon Tipi
yohtuk: Jesus Christ will put the Devil in
the fire. FF
ponam-, VTI he puts it
I put it nuponam,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 126
S/he puts it ponam,
you and I put it kuponamumun
Put it! sg ponamsh,
Put it! pl ponamoq,
that he puts it ponak
Ponam wáskicipuskquk; mutu
sáhkinum kik: She put it upon the top of
a rock; she poured it not upon the
ground.Ezek.24:7
popowutáhuk, NA drum
drums popowutáhukanak
on the drum popowutáhukanuk
Popowutáhuk pásaw: Bring the drum.
poqáh, NA quahoq, round clam
clams poqáhak,
on the clams poqáhuk
Wôks wustow wôpum wuci poqáh
ayáhsak: Fox makes wampum from
quahoq shells.
posikunáwôk, NI a burial
buryings posikunáwôkansh
at the burying posikunáwôkanuk
Shwi posikunáwôkansh uspunawánsh
tátupi kiskuk: Three burials happened
on the same day.
posikunáw-, VTA he buries him, inters
(him)
I bury him nuposikunáwô,
s/he buries him posikunáw, you and I
bury him kuposikunáwômun,
bury him! sg posikunáw,
bury him! pl posikunôhq,
Let’s bury him! posikunáwutuk,
that s/he buries him posikunáwôt
Kuposikunáwunônak niswi
kocituwôkunônak nis taqôquk: We
buried both parents in two autumns.
potá-, VAI he blows, breathes heavily
I blow nupotá, he blows potá,
you and I blow kupotámun
Blow! sg potásh, Blow! pl potáq,
that he breathes heavily potát
Potá sápahikanuk tápatôk: He blows
on the soup to cool it.
potawá-, VAI he makes a fire
I make a fire nupotawá,
s/he makes a fire potawá,
you and I make a fire kupotawámun,
Let’s make a fire potawátuk
Make a fire! sg potawásh,
Make a fire! pl potawáq,
that he makes a fire potawát
Pápoks kupotawámun: Whenever it is
winter we make a fire.
potôp, NA whale
whales potôpak,
in the whale potôpak
Potôp mutu qutam inah: The whale
didn’t swallow the man.
pôcum, NI cranberry
cranberries pôcumunsh,
on the cranberry pôcumunuk
Apwôsh pohpohqutihs wuci
pôcumunsh tá mayomush: Roast the
quail with cranberries and wild rice.
pôhp-, VTA he plays with him
I play with him nupôhpô,
s/he plays with him pôhpáw,
you and I play with him kupôhpômun,
Let’s play with him! pôhputuk
Play with him! sg pôhp,
Play with him! pl pôhpohq,
that he plays with him pôhpôt
Kunicônunônak nihtok pôhpômuk
wuci nushnuw: Our children learn when
playing with each other.
pôhpaskôk, NI ball
balls pôhpaskôkansh,
on the ball pôhpaskôkanuk
Wôpáyuw yo pôhpaskôk. Wôpáyush
yosh pôhpaskôkansh: This ball is white.
These balls are white.
pôhpu-, VAI he plays
I play nupôhp, s/he plays pôhpuw,
you and I plays kupôhpumun
Play! sg pôhpush, Play! pl pôhpuq,
that he plays pôhput
Wiqamun i na mus pôhput iyo:
Welcome to the one who will play now.
Nuqáhshap pôhpuyôn: I am ready to
play; Kucôhtam pôhpuyan?: Do you
want to play? Nuks, pôhputuk!: Yes,
let's play!
pôhshi, PART some, part (of), half
Pôhshi mutôm kihtawáwak Manto :
Some never listen to God.FF
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pôhsqá-, VII it is noon, midday
it is noon pôhsqá,
that it is noon pôhsqák,
whenever it is noon pôhsqáks
Ciwi pôhsqá, pahkaci numic nutináy
sômi yôtumôn: It is nearly noon, already
I ate my dinner because I was hungry. FF
pôhsqáhpu-, VAI he eats lunch
I eat lunch nupôhsqáhp,
s/he eats lunch pôhsqáhpuw,
you and I eats lunch kupôhsqáhpumun,
Eat lunch! sg pôhsqáhpwush,
Eat lunch! pl pôhsqáhpuq,
that he eats lunch pôhsqáhpwut
Wikun pôsqáhpuwôk: Good lunch!
Páwihsa, pôsqáhpwutuk: Okay, let’s
have lunch.
pôkasu-, VAI he is crippled, disabled
I’m crippled nupôkas,
s/he is crippled pôkasuw,
you and I are disabled kupôkasumun,
that he is disabled pôkasut
Katawi nunáwô kucumôkusuw
mukacuks pôkasuw: I am going to see
the pitiful boy who is lame. FF
pômáhám-, VAI he goes by water, sails
I go by water nupômáhám,
s/he goes by water pômáhám,
you and I go by water
kupômáhámumun,
Go by water! sg pômáhámsh,
Go by water! pl pômáhámoq,
that he goes by water pômáhámak
…qá iyo ninuqák pômáhám: and when
the sailing was now dangerous… Acts 27:9
pômi, ADV during
Cáhak kutay pômi tupkuw? : Where
were you during the night?
pômitu-, VAI he continues to be
I continue to be nupômit,
s/he continues to be pômituw,
you and I continue to be kupômitumun,
Let’s continue to be! pômitutuk,
Continue to be! sg pômitush,
Continue to be! pl pômituq,
that he continues to be pômitut
pômkoki, NI world
worlds pômkokansh
in the world pômkokik
Manto apuw wámi pômkokik: God
lives in all the world. FF
pônaskihtawin, NA a physician, doctor
doctors pônaskihtawinak
on the doctor pônaskihtawinuk
Pônaskihtawin, nitskish kahak:
Physician, heal thyself.Lk.4:23
pônaskihtuwásuwin, NA a dispenser of
medicine, a pharmacist
pharmacists pônaskihtuwásuwinak
on the pharmacist
pônaskihtuwásuwinuk
Suna mutu pônaskihtuwásuwin?: Is
there no dispenser of medicine?Jer.8:22
pôpayik, NI basket splint
splints pôpayikansh,
at the splint pôpayikanuk
Mucáq másqák pôpayik yotay: There is
no red splint here; Iyo, nis ôkutakansh
másqákish pôpayikansh misum: Now,
give me two more red splints.
pôpsk, NI a rock
rocks pôpskash
on the rock pôpskuk
Qá pôpsqash sáhkimohutut pum
siposh: And the rocks poured out rivers
of oil.Job.29:6
pôqus, NA moth
moths pôqusak
on the moth pôqusuk
Pôqus ayimushqisuw ônk wic: The
moth was bigger than his hand.
pôsutnasun-, VTI he drags it over
I drag it over nupôsutnasun,
s/he drags it over pôsutnasun,
you and I drag it over
kupôsutnasunumun,
Drag it over! sg pôsutnasunsh,
Drag it over! pl pôsutnasunoq,
that he drags it over pôsutnasuk
Wipi qaci wumushoy qá pôsutnasun
takôkansh: But he jumped off his canoe
and dragged it over the mortars.
pucuwanumu-, VAI he is proud
I am proud nupucuwanum,
s/he is proud pucuwanumuw,
you and I are proud
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kupcuwanumumun,
Be proud! sg pucuwanumush,
Be proud! pl pucuwanumuq,
that he is proud pácuwanumut
Ki kupucuwanum: You are proud.
Kupcuwanumumun wuci
kunicônunônak: We are proud of our
children.
pukut, NI smoke
in the smoke pukuták
Nik yumwáy pukut: My house is filled
with smoke.
pukutiyá-, VII there is smoke
it smokes pukutiyá,
they smoke pukutiyásh
when it smokes pákutiyák,
whenever it smokes pákutiyáks
Môyiyam ahkik, qá nánukshak:
musunum wacuwash, qá nish
pákutiyáks: He looks on the earth, and it
trembles: he touchs the hills, and they
smoke.PS.104:32
pum, NI grease, oil, butter
in the grease pumik
Áhqi cikohtuw pum: Don’t burn the oil.
pumiyotôk, NI fence, (outdoor) wall
fences pumiyotôkansh,
on fences pumiyotôkanuk
Nukôni-pumiyotôk wustow wuci
sunsh: The old wall was made of stones.
pumôputiyôk, NI toothache
toothaches pumôputiyôkansh,
in the toothache pumôputiyôkanuk
Pumôputiyôk áyuwi nutôhqamam
mutu áyhkôsuyôn: The toothache
was so painful that I could not work.
pumôsuwi-, VAI he swims
I swim nupumôsuwi,
s/he swims pumôsuwi,
you and I swim kupumôsuwimun,
Let’s swim! pumôsuwituk
Swim! sg pumôsuwish,
Swim! pl pumôsuwiq,
that he swims pámôsuwit
Nipuks pumôsuwiwak: Whenever it is
summer they go swimming. K’thanuk
mawi-pumôsuwituk: Let’s go
swimming at the ocean.
pumôtam-, VAI he lives, is alive (not in
the sense of ‘dwell’)
I am alive nupumôtam,
s/he lives pumôtam,
you and I are alive kupumôtamumun,
Let’s live! pumôtamutuk
Live! sg pumôtamsh,
Live! pl pumôtamoq,
that he is alive pámôtak
Qá pish nuhsháw nuqut psuksihsah, ki
wisquk wápisi pámôtak nupik: And he
must kill one small bird, in an earthen
vessel above running (living) water.Lev.14:5
Jesus nupuw wáci mus pumôtamak:
Jesus died that we might live. FF
pumôtamuwôk, NI life
lives pumôtamuwôkansh,
in life pumôtamuwôkanuk
Pumôtamuwôk yumwáy wuci
sayakatomsh: Life is full of mysteries.
pumshá-, VAI he walks, walks along
I walk nupumshá,
s/he walks pumsháw,
you and I walk kupumshámun,
walk! sg pumshásh,
walk! pl pumsháq,
that he walks pámshát
Noah sôpwiyusiwin…qá Noah wici
pumshamun Manto: Noah was a just
man…and Noah walked with God.Gen.6:9
pun, NA potato (alternate spelling:
ahpun)
potatoes punák, on potatoes punuk
Wámi cáqansh wikuwak punák tá
wiwáhcumunsh: All things are good
(like) potatoes and corn.FF
punipakat-, VII leaves fall
leaves fall punipakatash
that leaves fall sg pánipakáhk,
whenever leaves fall pánipakáhks
Punipakat Wiyon: Falling Leaves Moon
punitôk, NI knife
knives punitôkansh,
on the knife punitôkanuk
Wipi niskiniwôqat yo punitôk: But this
knife is dirty! Iyo punitôkansh misum:
Now give me the knives.
punshá-, VII it falls
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it falls punsháw, they fall punshásh
that it falls sg pánshák,
whenever it falls pánsháks
Wisq pánshák, mus páhquy: If the
bowl falls, it will break.
pupiq, NI flute, musical instrument
flutes pupiqansh,
on the flute pupiqanuk
Pupiq pátawush: Bring a flute. Wámi
pupiqansh pátawoq: Bring all the flutes,
you all.
pupamshá-, VAI he travels, continually
walks
I travel nupupamshá,
s/he travels pupamsháw,
you and I travel kupupamshámun,
travel! sg pupamshásh,
travel! pl pupamsháq,
that he travels pápamshát
Wahak papumshá kátwuyisi: He went
about doing good…Acts10:38
pupiqá-, VAI he plays music, plays a
flute
I play music nupupiqá,
s/he plays music pupiqá,
you and I play music kupupiqámun,
Let’s play music! pupiqátuk
Play music! sg pupiqásh,
Play music! pl pupiqáq,
that he plays music pápiqát
Nuputam Mátáhkát Ôkát wuci nik,
pápiqát: I hear Dancing Shadow from
my home, when he plays the flute.
pupiqáwôk, NI music
music pupiqáwôkansh,
on the music pupiqáwôkanuk
Kuqáhshapumun. Pupiqátuk: We are
ready. Let’s play music!
pupon-, VII it is winter
that it is winter pápok,
whenever it is winter pápoks
Pápoks kutaqunumunán
ôhshoyhqônsh tá micáhsak: Whenever
it is winter we wear hats and mittens.
pupon, NI winter
winters puponsh
in the winter puponuk
Puponsh nitay mutáwi t’káyuw: The
winters there are very cold.
pupunashum, NA a beast
beasts pupunashumak
on the beast pupunashumuk
Qá woshunumuk shwut seali, nunotá
shwut pinashim yowán, “Piyôsh qá
námsh.” And when he had opened the
third seal, I heard the third beast say,
“Come and see.” Rev.6.5
pupunshás, NA a fowl, bird
fowls pupunshásak
on the fowls pupunshásuk
Qá i wámi pupunshásak
mamáhcikisuk… wáh numiyuqak wuci
micuwôk nishnuw askasqáyuw
máskiht: And to all fowls of the air…I
have given for meat every green
herb.Gen.1:30
pupusi, NI dust
in the dust pupusik
Wuci kupupusayuw, qá pish
kuqushkum i pupusiyuk: For dust thou
art, and unto dust shalt thou return.Gen.3:19
puqi, NI dust, ashes
in the dust puqiyuk
Mucaq asqshôk wik wipi puqi: Nothing
remained of his home, but ashes.
putam-, VTI he hears it
I hear it nuputam,
s/he hears it putam,
you and I hear it kuputamumun,
Hear it! sg putamsh,
Hear it! pl putamoq,
that he hears it pátak
Nuputam Mátáhkát Ôkát wuci nik,
pápiqát: I hear Dancing Shadow from
my home, when he plays the flute.
putaqi-, VAI he hides, is hidden
I hide nuputaqi, s/he hides putaqi,
you and I hide kuputaqimun,
Hide! sg putaqish,
Hide! pl putaqiq,
that he hides pátaqit
Quniq putaqi k’pák: The doe was
hidden in the woods.
putaw-, VTA he hears him
I hear him nuputawô,
s/he hears him putawáw,
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qiyu-
you and I hears him kuputawômun,
Let’s hear him! putawutuk
Hear him! sg putaw,
Hear him! pl putôhq,
that he hears him pátawôt
Wucinah wihkumiyan, kuputôsh:
When you call me, I hear you. Wucinah
wihkumuyôn, kuputawi: When I call
you, you hear me. Wucinah
wihkumiyak, kuputôyumun: When you
call us, we hear you. Wucinah
wihkumiyáq, kuputôyumô: When you
(all) call me, I hear you. Wucinah
wihkumuyak, kuputawumun: When
we call you, you hear us. Tápkuks
putawáw muksah tá qáqiqihshôtáh:
Whenever it is night, he hears the wolves
and crickets.
putákham-, VTI he covers it over, hides
it by covering
I cover it up nuputákham,
s/he covers it up putákham,
you and I cover it up
kuputákhamumun,
Cover it up! sg putákhamsh,
Cover it up! pl putákhamoq,
that he cover it up putákhak
Kôkci-pásuq ponáw apunuk, qá
putákham wuci shayak: The large one
she put in bed, and covered it up with
robes.
putuki-, VAI he returns, goes back
I return nuputuki,
s/he returns putuki,
you and I return kuputukimun,
Return! sg putukish,
Return! pl putukiq,
that he returns pátukit
Ôkowuk kutapumôpa mutáwiyush
katumuwash, wipi iyo kuputukimô qá
yotay kutapumô: You all lived away for
many years, but now you have come back
and you live here. Kiyawun wámi
wucshák Manto, qá yaqi nákum mus
kuputukimun: We all come from God,
and to him will we return.
putuqáyu-, VII it is round
it is round putuqáyuw,
they are round putuqáyush,
that is round pátuqák,
when it is round pátuqáks
Nupsapáq putuqáyuw kisi-mushuyôn:
The pond was round after the great rain.
putuqunic, NI fist
fists putuqunicash,
in the fist putuqunicuk
Nutômohkun nuputuqunic
musqôhtamowôkanuk: I raised my fist
in anger.
Q
qaci, ADV outside (of), outdoors
(alternate spelling: pahqaci)
Manotá qaci áhtá pawanatôk: The fan
is out of the basket.
qaci-, VAI he goes outside, goes out, gets
off of, exits (alternate spelling:
pahqaci)
I am outside nuqaci,
s/he is outside qaci,
you and I are outside kuqacimun
Go outside! sg qacish,
Go outside! pl qaciq,
that he is outside qácit
Páwihsa, kumuskawi, nuqaci: Okay,
you found me, I’m coming out; Qaciq
wuci nitay: Come out of there!
qaqi-, VAI he runs
I run nuqaqi, s/he runs qaqi,
you and I run kuqaqimun,
Let’s run! qaqituk, Run! sg qaqish,
Run! pl qaqiq, that he runs qáqit
Wikun! Wi kuqaqimô: Good! You all
run well. Qaqiq qi wacuwuk: Run up
the hill.
qá, CONJ and (primarily used for
conjoining verb phrases) see also tá
Iyo wucshásh qá nunshum kahak wôk:
Now get out and dry yourself, too.Tápi
nutômki qá nutáyunamô nahak: I can
get up and help myself.FF
qáhshapu-, VAI he is ready
I am ready nuqáhshap,
s/he is ready qáhshapuw,
you and I are ready kuqáhshapumun,
Let’s get ready! qáhshaputuk
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Get ready! sg qáhshapush,
Get ready! pl qáhshapuq,
that he is ready qáhshaput
Nuqáhshap pôhpuyôn: I am ready to
play. Kuqáhshapumun. Pupiqátuk:
We are ready. Let’s play music.
Qáhshapuwak môcihutut: They are
ready to go.
qámá-, VTA he bites him
I bite him nuqámá,
s/he bites him qámá,
you and I bite him kuqámáwômun,
Let’s bite him! qámáwutuk
Bite him! sg qámásh,
Bite him! pl qámáq,
that he bites him qámát
Mut tápiqáma awán sômi wacônáw
piyámáq wutonuk: He cannot bite
anyone because he has a fish in his
mouth.[FF]
qáqiqihshôt, NA grasshopper, cricket
‘one who repeatedly jumps’
crickets qáqiqihshôták,
on the crickets qáqiqihshôták
Tápkuks putawáw muksah tá
qáqiqihshôtáh: Whenever it is night he
hears the wolves and crickets.
qátqá-, VII it is afternoon (alternative
spelling: qátqahqá)
it is afernoon qátqá, that it is afternoon
qátqák, when it is afternoon qátqáks
Nuks, qátqáw. Pôhputuk: Yes, it’s
afternoon. Let’s play! Wikun qátqáw:
Good afternoon
qi, ADV up, upward (alternate spelling:
kuhkuhqi)
Qi qaqiq: Run up.
qiyu-, VAI he goes up, ascends (alternate
spellings: kuhkuhqiyu-)
I ascend nuqiyuw,
s/he ascends qiyuw,
you and I ascend kuqiyumun,
Ascend! sg qiyush,
Ascend! pl qiyoq,
that he ascends qiyut
I kahak nuqiyumun: We are coming up
to you. Qiyutuk mihtuq! : Let’s go up
the tree!
qihshô-, VAI he jumps
I jump nuqihshô, s/he jumps qihshô,
you and I jump kuqihshômun,
Jump! sg qihshôsh,
Jump! pl qihshôq,
that he jumps qihshôt
Apiq kipi qihshô: The flea jumps
quickly.
qihtam-, VTI he is afraid of it, fears it
I am afraid nuqihtam,
s/he is afraid qihtam,
you and I are afraid kuqihtamumun,
Be afraid! sg qihtamsh,
be afraid pl qihtamoq,
that he is afraid qihtak
Wámi cáqansh qihtam: He is afraid of
everything. Manto wikuw, mut cáqan
nuqihtam nipôwi: God is good, nothing
I fear at night. FF
qiksomu-, VAI he whistles, hisses
I whistle nuqiksom
s/he whistles qiksomuw
you and I whistle kuqiksomumun
Whistle! sg qiksomush
Whistle! pl qiksomuq
Let’s whistle! qiksomutuk
that he whistles qiksomut
Mutu tápi kutomá, wipi tápi
qiksomuw: He cannot sing, but he can
whistle.
qiksomuwin, NA a whistler
whistlers qiksomuwinak
on the whistler qiksomuwinuk
Qiksomuwin ayuw piwi cits wuci
pôyak másqák: The whistler was a small
bird with a red chest.
qiksomuwôk, NI a whistle
whistles qiksomuwôkansh
on the whistle qiksomuwôkanuk
Wustow qiksomuwôk wácshák skan
wuci wôpsuq kôt: He made the whistle
that comes from the bone of an eagle’s
leg.
qináwusu-, VAI he needs, is wanting, is
lacking
I need nuqináwusuw,
s/he needs qináwusuw,
you and I need kuqináwusumun,
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Want! sg qináwusush,
Want! pl qináwusoq,
that he wants qináwusut
In qináwusuw maskanitáháwôk: The
man was lacking courage.
qinhsunôk, NI a pestle
pestles qinhsunôkansh,
on the pestle qinhsunôkanuk
Mushoyak áhtá taqôk tá qinhsunôk tá
wômansh: In the canoe were the mortar,
the pestle and the eggs. Patupshatôw
nupik qá mutáwiyush qinhsunôkansh:
It fell into the water and became many
pestles.
qinô, ADV as soon as; scarcely
Qinô pátupshatôt wômansh nupik,
yosh wômansh mutáwiyush: As soon as
the eggs she dropped the eggs in the
water, these eggs became many.
qintôwáw-, VTA he attacks, comes upon
suddenly and physically
I attack him nuqintôwáwô,
s/he attacks him qintôwáw, you and I
attack him kuqintôwáwômun,
Let’s attack him! qintôwutuk,
Attack him! sg qintôw,
Attack him! pl qintôhq,
that he attacks him qintôwôt
Qá qintôwáwak waskitôp, ôk Látuh:
And they pressed sore upon the man,
even Lot.Gen19.9
qipi-, VAI he turns, rotates; changes his
course
I turn nuqipi,
s/he turns qipi,
you and I turn kuqipimun,
Turn! sg qipish,
Turn! pl qipiq,
Let’s turn! qipôtuk,
that he turns qipit
Qá ô qipi Galilee: And he went all about
Galilee.Mt.4:23
qipi, PREP round about; all around
Qá kawik qipi wikuk: They slept round
about the house.Chr.9:27
qipinum-, VTI he turns it around
I turn it nuqipinum,
s/he turns it qipinum,
you and I turn it kuqipinumumun,
Turn it! sg qipinumsh,
Turn it! pl qipinumoq,
that they turn it qipinumhutut
Qá kitasot qipinum wuskisuq qá
wuyônumôwuqak: And the king turned
his face and blessed them.1K.8:14
qipiwôk, NI a turning, a conversion
conversions qipiwôkansh
in the conversion qipiwôkanuk
Papaspushák Phinus tá Samayiya
wututatum qipiwôkansh wuci Gintuys:
They passed through Phenice and
Samaria declaring the conversions of the
Gentiles.Acts15:3
qiqikum, NA duck
ducks qiqikumak,
on the duck qiqikumuk
Áhsup natawaháw qiqikumah:
Raccoon visits duck. Qiqikum uyáw
áhsupanah, “Askiqutamah mohwáwak
qiqikumak!”: Duck says to raccoon,
“Ducks eat snails!”
qôpak, ADV when (with adverbs of
time)
Qôpak nikuw, siqan: When he was
born, it was spring.
qôpáyu-, VII it is time, be a time
(alternative spelling: ahqôpáyu-)
it is time qôpáyuw,
that it is time qôpák,
whenever it is time qôpáks
Qôpáyuw nuqut wiyon: It has been one
moon. Kisi qôpáyuw: Time is up
qôpáyuwôk, NI time (alternative
spelling: ahqôpáyuwôk)
times qôpáyuwôkansh,
in time qôpbyuwôkanuk
Yo wôk wáhtawush, mawmacish
kiskash nunuqi qôpáyuwôkansh pish
piyômush: This know also, that in the
last days perilous times shall come.2Tim.3.1
qôsqunusowá-, VAI he has broken
testicles
My testicles are broken nuqôsqunus,
his testicles are broken qôsqunusowá,
yours and my testicles are broken
kuqôsqunusowáun,
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Break his testicles! qôsqunusowásh,
Break their testicles! qôsqunusowáq,
that his testicles are broken
qôsqunusowát
Tuksuni kik; qôsqunusowá. He fell on
the ground; his testicles were broken.
qôyowasq, NI bottle, gourd, jar
bottles qôyowasqash,
in the bottle qôyowasquk
Qôyowasqash sihsiwansh pátawoq:
You all bring the gourd rattles.
quci-, VAI he tries, attempts
I am trying nuquci, s/he tries quci,
you and I try kuqucimun,
Try! sg qucish, Try! pl quciq,
that he tries qácit
Sokuyôks nuquci mutu wátukisuyôn:
Whenever it is raining I try not to get
wet. Páwihsa, iyo kiyaw quciq: Okay,
now you try it
qucimôtam-, VTI he smells it
(deliberately), sniffs it
I sniff it nuqucimôtam,
s/he smells it qucimôtam,
you and I smell it kuqucimôtamun,
Let’s smell it! qucimôtamutuk
Sniff it! sg qucimôtamsh,
Sniff it! pl qucimôtamq,
that he sniffs it qácimôtak
Qucimôtamsh upihsháwansh: Smell the
flowers!
qucimôy-, VTA he smells him
(deliberately), sniff him (y-stem)
I smell him nuqucimôyô,
s/he smells him qucimôyáw,
you and I smell him kuqucimôyômun,
Let’s smell him! qucimôyutuk
Smell him! sg qucimôs,
Smell him! pl qucimôyohq, that he
smells him qácimôyôt
Qucimôyáw muks citsah: The wolf
smells the bird.
quctam-, VTI he tastes it (deliberately),
tries the taste of it
I taste it nuquctam,
s/he tastes it quctam,
you and I taste it kuquctamun,
Taste it! sg quctamsh,
Taste it! pl quctamq,
that he tastes it qáctak
Sápahik wikun. Quctamsh! : The soup
is good. Taste it!
qunáyu-, VII it is long
it is long qunáyuw,
they are long qunáyush
that it is long qánák, whenever it is long
qánáks
Cáqan qunayuw?: Which thing is long?
Yosh maskihcuwash qunayush: The
grass is long.
quni-, INIT long
Yo uqunipaponuw. Qunipapon: This is
their long chair (couch). Long chair
(couch). Quniyôwat: Long, long ago…
quniq, NA doe, female deer
does quniqák, on the doe quniqák
Quniq wushay yohkáyuw: The doe’s
hide is soft.
quniqôpáyu-, VII it is a long time
it is a long time quniqôpáyuw, there
have been long times quniqôpáyush,
that it is a long time qániqôpáyuk,
whenever it is a long time qániqôpáyuks
…kisi ni apuwak muyáyi wuci
qániqôpák: …after that they lived
together for a long time.
qunôhqusu-, VAI he is tall, high
I am tall nuqunôhqus,
s/he is tall qunôhqusuw,
you and I are tall kuqunôhqusumun,
Let’s be tall! qunôhqusutuk
that he is tall qánôhqusut,
that they are tall qánôhqus'hutut
Inak nucáhsháyuwôkanuk
qunôhqusuwak: The men in my family
are tall.
qunôhqusuwôk, NI height
heights qunôhqusuwôkansh,
at heights qunôhqusuwôkanuk
Wuqunôhqusuwôk mutu kôkci: His
height isn’t great.
qunôhtuq, NI spear
spears qunôhtuqash,
on the spear qunôhtuquk
Piyámáqcásh naspi qunôhtuq! : Fish
with the spear!
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qunupáhto-, VTI it encompasses,
surrounds, turns itself around or
upside-down
I surround it nuqunupáhto,
s/he surrounds it qunupáhtôw,
you and I surround it kuqunupáhtomun
Surround it! sg qunupáhtawush,
Surround it! pl qunupáhtawoq,
when he surrounds it qánupáhtôk
Waskitôpak qunupáhtôwak cuk: The
warriors surround the farm.
qunupki, ADV everywhere
Qut iyo iwá wami musin qunupki
ayuskoyôtamak: but now [he]
commanded all people everywhere to
repent.Acts17:30
qunôkan-, VII it is tall, high
it is tall qunôkan,
they are tall qunôkansh
that it is tall qánôkak,
that they are tall qánôkaks
Yo mihtuq áywi qunôkan k’hpáy: This
tree is the tallest in the forest.
qushá-, VTA he is afraid of him, fears
him
I am afraid of him nuqshô,
s/he is afraid of him qusháw,
you and I are afraid of him kuqshômun,
Let’s be afraid of him qushátuk
Be afraid of him! sg qush,
Be afraid of him! pl qushohq,
that he is afraid of him qáshôt
Wámi skitôpáh qusháw: He is afraid of
everybody. Nuks, wôcak nuqshô: Yes, I
am afraid of everyone. Na wáskitôp
sôpwisuw qá qáshôt Mantoh: That man
was upright and feared God.Job1:1
Manto wikuw. Nukawi; mut cáqan
piyô mô nuqshôwak: God is good. I
slept; nothing came that I fear.FF
qusháwôk, NI fear
fears qusháwôkansh,
in fear qusháwôkanuk
Qusháwôk tá wômôyuwôk mutu
áhtash nuqut mutáh: Fear and love
cannot stay in one heart.
quskacá-, VAI he crosses, passes over
I cross nuquskacá,
s/he crosses quskacá,
you and I cross kuquskacámun,
Pass over! sg quskacásh,
Pass Over! pl quskacáq,
that he passes over qáskacát
Iyo kuquskacámun tayôsqônuk: Now
we are crossing the bridge.
quski, ADV backward, in return
(alternative spelling: qushki)
Kiyaw, quski piyôq yotay! Quski
piyôq: You (all) come back here! Come
back!
quskiyôk, NI a return, a turning back
returns quskiyôkansh
in a return quskiyôkanuk
Nokimut wuci wiqayash
wohshuwôwah, wici asu mutu
wutôkátak qushkiyôk áhtá: [It] comes
down from the Father of Lights, with no
turning shadows.Jam.1:17
qusqacu-, VAI he is cold
I am cold nuqusqac,
s/he is cold qusqacuw,
you and I are cold kuq(u)sqacumun,
Let’s get cold! qusqacutuk
Get cold! sg qusqacush,
Get cold! pl qusqacuq,
that he is cold qásqacut
Pápoks kuqasqacumun: Whenever it is
winter we are cold.
qusuq, NI rock
rocks qusuqush on the rock qusuquk
Yo qusuq kôskáyuw: This rock is rough.
qusuqan-, VII it is heavy
it is heavy qusuqan,
they are heavy qusuqansh
that it is heavy qásuqak,
whenever it is heavy qásuqaks
Qusuq wusômi qusuqan áspunuk: The
rock was too heavy to lift.
qusuqan-, VAI he is heavy
I am heavy nuqusuqan,
s/he is heavy qusuqan,
you and I are heavy kuqusuqanumun,
Let’s get heavy! qusuqanutuk
Be heavy! sg qusuqansh,
Get heavy! pl qusuqanoq,
that he is heavy qásuqak
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Piyamaq wusômi qusuqan
wátôtunuman nupi: The fish was too
heavy to pull out of the water.
qusuqaniyutôk, NI a stone wall
stone walls qusuqaniyutôkansh
on the stone wall qusuqaniyutôkanuk
Qá qusuqaniyutôk nohkshô: And the
stone wall was broken.Prov.24:31
qut, CONJ but (indicates less sharp
contrast than wipi)
Nutuy kotumcáwin, qut mutu
wikôtam: I told the teacher, but he didn’t
like it.
qutam-, VTI he swallows it
I swallow it nuqutam,
s/he swallows it qutam,
you and I swallow it kuqutamumun,
Let’s swallow it! qutamutuk
Swallow it! sg qutamsh, Swallow it! pl
qutamoq, that he swallows it qátak
Côci qutam masktin kôkicák: He must
swallow the medicine to be well.
qutáh-, VTA he weighs him, measures
him
I weigh him nuqutáhô,
he weighs him qutáháw,
you and I weigh him kuqutáhômun,
Let’s weigh him! qutáhutuk
Weigh him! sg qutáh,
Weigh him! pl qutáhohq,
that he weighs him qátáhôt
Qutáháw wiyawhsash wámi kisk: He
weighs meat every day.
qutáham-, VTI he weighs it, measures it
I weigh it nuqutáham,
s/he weighs it qutáham,
you and I weigh it kuqutáhamumun,
Let’s weigh it! qutáhamutuk
Weigh it! sg qutáhamsh,
Weigh it! pl qutáhamoq,
that he weighs it qátáhak
Qutáhamsh mituq nák
wuqunôhqusuwôk: Measure the tree to
see its height.
qutáshá-, VAI he sinks disastrously, is
drowned
I drown nuqutáshá,
s/he drowns qutásháw,
you and I drown kuqutáshámun,
Let’s drown! qutáshátuk,
Drown! sg qutáshásh,
Drown! pl qutásháq,
that he sinks disastrously qátáshát
Takamáw wuskatuquk, qá tuksuni
paci mushoy qá qutásháw; nupuw: It
hit him in the forehead, and he fell out of
the canoe and sank; he was dead.
-qutôk, NI DEP throat ‘what one
swallows with’
someone’s throat muqutôk,
throats muqutôkansh,
in the throat muqutôkanuk,
my throat nuqutôk,
your throat, kuqutôk,
his/her throat uqutôk,
someone’s throat muqutôk
Piyamaq wuskan t’qunum
uqutôkanuk: The fish bone caught in his
throat.
qutôsk, NUM six
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun: One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
qutôsk-cahshuncák, NUM sixty ‘sixhow-many-tens’
Nutay qutôsk-cahshuncák
katumwahkam nis puponsh asqam: I
was sixty-years two winters ago.
qutôskuqunakat-, VII it is six days, the
sixth day, Saturday
that it is six days qátôskuqunakáhk,
whenever it is Saturday
qutôskuqunakáhks
Pumsháw pomi qutôskuqunakat: He
traveled until Saturday.
qutôskut, ADV sixth
Qutôskut ayuw wuci páyaq
wunicôniyôk: He was the sixth of ten
children.
qutuhikan, NI a rule (literally: measured
between the lines)
rules qutuhikansh
in the rule qutuhikanuk
Utáh kaci piyawôtamak, pumshátuk
nôn qutuhikanuk: To what we have
already attained, let us walk by the same
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 136
rule.Phil.3:16
qutuyôtam-, VTI he honors it, shows
respect to it
I honor it nuqutuyôtam,
he honors it qutuyôtam,
you and I honor it kuqutuyôtamumun,
Honor it! sg qutuyôtamsh,
Honor it! pl qutuyôtamoq,
Let’s honor it qutuyôtamutuk
that he honors it qátuyôtak
Qutuyôtam wuci cupayuwôk: He
shows respect for the tribe.
qutuyánumáw-, VTA he honors, shows
respect to him
I respect him nuqutuyánumáwô,
s/he respects him qutuyánumáw,
you and I respect him
kuqutuyánumáwômun,
Let’s respect him qutuyánumáwutuk,
Respect him! sg qutuyánumáw,
Respect him! pl qutuyánumôhq,
that he respects him qátuyánumáwôt
Qutuyánum kohsh tá káhkas: Honor
your father and your mother.Ex.20:12
S
sakatuwô, NI flower, blossom of a tree
flowers sakatuwôsh
on the flower sakatuwôk
Yo skatuwô wucshá mihtuq, mutu ki:
This flower comes from a tree, not the
earth.
sakôyi, NI tree in blossom
trees in blossom sakôyish
in the blossoming trees sakôyik
Máhciwôpusákáyuw wuci pupon,
pômkoki isuwáyuw wici sakôyish:
After the gray of winter, the world is
colored with trees in blossom.
sakipo-, VAI he bites
I bite nusakipo, s/he bites sakipo,
you and I bite kusakipomun,
Bite! sg sakiposh, Bite! pl sakipoq, that
he bites sakipot
Nusuwi nukatumsh náhtiya! Sakipo:
Leave the dog alone! He bites.
sakipotam-, VTI he bites it
I bite it nukatunum,
s/he bites it katunum, you and
I bite it kukatunumumun,
they bite katunumak
Bite it! sg katunumsh,
Bite it! pl katunumoq,
Let’s bite it! katunumutuk,
that they bite it kátunuk
Nikôni in tá nikôni sqá niswi
wusakipotamunáw áhpihs: First
man and first woman both bit the
apple.
sakipowáw-, VTA he bites him
I bite him nusakipowáwô,
s/he bites him sakipowáw, you and I bite
him kusakipowáwômun,
Let’s bite him! sakipowutuk Bite him! sg
sakipow, Bite him! pl sakipôhq, that he
bites him sakipowôt
Sakipowáw shay wástôk yohkáks: She
bites the hide to make it soft.
saksáhon, NI earring
earrings saksáhonsh
on the earring saksáhonuk
Saksáhonsh wustomuk ayáhsuk: Her
earrings were made of shell.
samakun-, VTI he stretches forth, holds
out his hand or something in his hand
I stretch out my hand nusamakun,
s/he holds out her/his hand samakun,
you and I stretch forth our hands
kusamakunumun,
Let’s stretch forth! samakunutuk,
Qôpak kotayát káhtkôwi wuci mihtuq,
samakun wic qá squnum: When he had
climbed to the top of the tree, he
stretched out his hand and squeezed.
samakun-, VII it is stretched forth, held
out in a hand or something in a hand
the hand is outstretched samakun,
hands are outstretched samakunsh,
when it is outstretched sámakuk,
whenever it is outstretched sámakuks
Sámakuks micish, munish
côhtamôwak: Whenever the hands are
outstretched, they want money.
sawáyu-, VII it is empty
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it is empty sawáyuw,
they are empty sawáyush
that it is empty sáwák,
whenever it is empty sáwáks
Kohqihs sawáyuw: The pot is empty.
sayakat-, VII it is difficult, hard
it is difficult sayakat,
they are difficult sayakatash
that it is difficult sáyakáhk,
whenever it is difficult sáyakáhks
Awan. Sayakat nák: It is foggy. It is
difficult to see.
sáh-, INIT forth from, out from, movement
from the place where or in which the
action of the verb begins.
Ciqunapi, kucshunsh sáhwustow
kucohkônak: Quietly, she set about
making some dolls. Yôpi sáhpasotsháw,
qá ciwi táhqunáw: Again he began to
gain and almost caught her.
sáham-, VAI he goes forth, departs
I depart nusáham,
s/he departs sáham,
you and I depart kusáhamumun,
Depart! sg sáhamsh,
Depart! pl sáhamoq,
that he departs sáhamôk
Kusi áhkihtiyawin sáham áhkitiyát:
Behold, the sower went forth to
sow.Mt.13:3
sáhamowôk, NI a departure, a going
forth
departures sáhamowôkansh
at the departure sáhamowôkanuk
Wiyôqutum sáhamowôk wunicônah:
He spoke of the departure of the
children.Heb.11:22
sáhkátôk, NI milk of animals
in the milk sáhkátôk
Wacuwash pish sáhkátôk tômakanash,
qá wámi Cotá siposh kusucuwan nupi:
The hills will flood with milk, and all the
rivers of Judah will flow with water.Joel3:18
sáhkimo-, VII it is poured out
it is poured out sáhkimo, they are
poured out sáhkimosh,
when it is poured out sáhkimok,
whenever it is poured out sáhkimoks
Sáhkimoks nupi, nupi taspowôkanuk:
Whenever water is poured out, water is
on the table.
sáhkinum-, VAI he pours out (liquid),
pours forth
I pour it out nusáhkinum,
s/he pours it out sáhkinum,
you and I pour it out kusáhkinumumun,
Let’s pour it out! sáhkinumutuk,
Pour it out! sg sáhkinumsh,
Pour it out! pl sáhkinumoq,
that he pours it out sáhkinut
Yonáhqam aqu akuwôk wuci
yôcánumuwôk kuski uqutôk, waci
sáhkinum micuwôk pitôkanuk: He
sewed it under his coat with the opening
near his throat, so that he could pour food
into it. Sáhkinumhutut wucôquwôwah
áhkasah pocináwuk: …when their souls
were poured out into their mothers’
bosom.Lam.2:12
sáhoqáyu-, VAI he looks out (as from a
window or door)
I look out nusáhoqáy,
s/he looks out sáhoqáyuw,
you and I look out kusáhoqáyumun,
Let’s look outside! sáhoqáyutuk,
Look ouside! sg sáhoqáyush,
Look outside! pl ssáhoqáyuq,
that he looks out sáhoqáyut
Wáhkasah Susiya sáhoqáyuw
kinakinikanuk qá mushôtowáw:
Sisera’s mother looked out the window
and shouted.Judg.5:28
sáhqu-, VII it is in small pieces, dust or
powder
it is dust sáhquw,
they are dust sáhqush,
that it is dust sáhquk,
whenever it is dust sáhquks
Nukôni kohqihs sáhquw: The old small
pot broke into small pieces.
sáhqun-, VII it is dusty
it is dusty sáhqun,
they are dusty sáhqunsh
that it is dusty sáhqunak,
whenever it is dusty sáhqunaks
Nunowôhtam wusqikansh sqáqunsh: I
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am sad that the books are dusty.
sáhqunum-, VTI he breaks it in pieces,
pulls it to pieces
I break it in small pieces nusáhqunum,
s/he breaks it in small sáhqunum, you
and I break it kusáhqunumumun,
they break it up small sáhqunumak,
Break it small! sg sáhqunumsh,
Break it small! pl sáhqunumoq,
Let’s break it small! sáhqunumutuk,
that they break it up small sáhqunuk
Sáhqunumutuk kohq! Let’s break the
pot into little pieces.
sáhqusum-, VTI he cuts it into small
pieces
I cut it in small pieces nusáhqusum,
s/he cuts it small sáhqusum, you and I
cut it small kusáhqusumumun, they cut
it into small pieces sáhqusumak, Cut it
small! sg sáhqusumsh, Cut
it small! pl sáhqusumoq, Let’s cut
it small! sáhqusumutuk, that they
cut it small sáhqusuk
Micumuwôkansh wusáhqusumunash:
He cut the vegetables into small pieces.
sáhquswáw-, VTA he cuts him into small
pieces
I cut him into small pieces nusáhquswô,
s/he cuts him into small pieces
sáhquswáw, you and I cut him into small
pieces, kusáhquswômun, Let’s cut him
into small pieces! sáhquswutuk, Cut him
into small pieces! sg sáhquswáw, Cut
him into small pieces! pl sáhquswôhq,
that he cuts him into pieces sáhquswôt
Sáhquswutuk qiqiqum wuci sápahik!
Let’s cut the duck into small pieces for
the soup.
sáhqutáham-, VTI he pounds it, breaks
or beats it into small pieces,
I pound it nusáhqutáham,
s/he pounds it sáhqutáham, you and I
pound it kusáhqutáhamumun, they
pound it sáhqutáhamak, Pound it! sg
sáhqutáhamsh, Pound it! pl
sáhqutáhamoq, Let’s pound it!
sáhqutáhamutuk, that they
pound it sáhqutáhak
Awáhcásh taqôk tá qinhsunôk
sáhqutáhuk wiwáhcumunsh yohkik:
Use the mortar and pestle to pound the
corn into yokeag.
sáhqutáháyu-, VII it is pounded
it is pounded sáhqutáháyuw,
they are pounded sáhqutáháyush,
when it is pounded sáhqutáháyuk,
when they pounded sáhqutáháyuks
Nunonôk, yohkik sáhqutáháyuw:
Mother, the yokeag is pounded.
sákáhtôkanôpsk, NI flint rock, flint
flint rocks sákáhtôkanôpskansh
in the flint sákáhtôkanôpskanuk
Na mô mutu nupi, náh sáhowutát nupi
wuci sákáhtôkanôpskanuk: There was
no water, who was it that brought the
water out of the flinty rock?Deut.8:15
sáp, ADV tomorrow
Sáp kunáwush: See you tomorrow. Sáp
kunáwuyumun: We will see you
tomorrow. Manto wáhtôw wámi
cáqansh qá tápi i wámi cáqansh iyo
kisk tá sáp: God knows all things and
can do all things today and tomorrow.FF
sápahik, NI soup
soups sápahikansh,
in the soup sápahikanuk
Nuwikôtam piyámáq sápahik: I love
fish soup.
sát, NI salt (borrowed from English
‘salt’)
salts sátásh
in the salt sátuk
Mutu wanôhtamsh sát! : Don’t forget
the salt!
sáwim-, VAI he is weary, his strength
fails
I am weary nusáwim,
s/he is weary sáwim,
you and I are weary kusáwimumun,
Be weary! sg sáwimsh,
Be weary! pl sáwimoq,
Let’s be weary! sáwimutuk,
that he is weary sáwimak,
when they are weary sáwihutut
shay, NA hide, skin (alternate spelling:
ahshay)
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hides shayak, on the hide shayuk
my hide nushay,
his/her hide wushayah
Quniq wushay yohkáyuw: The doe’s
hide is soft.
sháyum-, VTA he hates him
I hate him nusháyumô,
s/he hates him sháyumáw,
you and I hate him kusháyumômun,
Hate him! sg sháyum,
Hate him! pl sháyumohq,
that he hates him sháyumôt
Ki kusháyumô: You are hateful.
shôhtam-, VTA he hates it
I hate it nushôhtam,
s/he hates it shôhtam,
you and I hate it kushôhtamumun,
Hate it!sg shôhtamsh,
Hate it! pl shôhtamoq,
that he hates it shôhtak
Shôhtam nukayôw: He hates it when he
is abandoned.
shupiham-, VTI he shovels it (borrowed
from English ‘shovel’)
I shovel it nushupiham,
s/he shovels it shupiham,
you and I shovel it kushupihamumun,
Let’s shovel it! shupihamutuk,
Shovel it! sg shupihamsh,
Shovel it! pl shupihamoq,
that he shovels it shápihak
Socpoks shupiham máy: Whenever it
snows he shovels the path. Wámi kon;
côci awán shupihamak: All snow;
everyone must shovel. FF
shwi, NUM three
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun: One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
shwiqunakat-, VII it is three days, the
third day, Wednesday
that it is three days shwiqunakáhk,
whenever it is Wednesday
shwiqunakáhks
Pakowatáwak yo Temple, qá
shwiqunakáhk nutômohkamash:
Destroy this temple, and in three days I
will raise it up.John2:19
shwôsk, NUM eight
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun: One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
shwôsk-cahshuncák, NUM eighty ‘eight
- how-many-tens’
Shwôsk-cahshuncák katumutuk
mihkikuw: At eighty years he is strong.
shwôskut, ADV eighth
Kutayuw shwôskut náwôt môyikow:
You are eighth to see the doctor.
shwut, ADV third
Yo, shwut micush kackáy: Here, you
eat the third piece.
-sihs, NA DEP uncle (probably originally
‘maternal uncle’)
My uncles nusihsak,
on my uncle nusihsuk,
his/her uncle wusihsah,
yours and my uncles kusihsunak,
their uncles wusihsuwôwah
Nohkumihs nákum, nusihs nákum: She
is my aunt, he is my uncle. Kusihsuw tá
kohkumihsuw wunicônuwôwah nik
skitôpák: Those people are your uncle
and aunt’s children.
sihsiq, NA rattlesnake
rattlesnakes sihsiqák,
in the rattlesnake sihsiqák
Sihsiq awasuw wahakáh sunuk: The
rattlesnake warmed himself on the rock.
sinitam-, VAI he goes a-wooing, seeking
a woman’s love
I go a-wooing nusinitam,
s/he goes a-wooing sinitam,
you and I go a-wooing kusinitamumun,
Let’s go a-wooing sinitamutuk,
Go a-wooing! sg sinitac,
Go a-wooing! pl sinitahutuc,
that he goes a-wooing sinitat
…qut Cáhnamit sinitamaw, qá macish
onôptáw: but Cáhnamit wooed her, and
at last she consented.
sipáhtuwi, ADV continuing, enduring,
continually
Wiyáwituwôkash tá qutuyôtuwôk
nuwicinayiyutam, nuks sipáhtuwi
wiyáwituwôk ôk sôpwiyusiwôk: Riches
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and honour are with me; yea, enduring
riches and righteousness.Prov.8:18
sipo, NI river
rivers siposh, in the river sipok
Nunáwá skok totáy sipok; wacôn
piyámáq wutonuk: I saw a snake near
the river; he had a fish in his mouth. FF
sipowihs, NI brook, stream
brooks sipowihsash,
in the brooks sipowihsuk
Sipowihs wácishá sipo: A stream joins
the river.
sipsun-, VAI he extends himself, lies
down (as on his bed)
I lie down nusipsun,
s/he lies down sipsun,
you and I lie down sipsunumun,
Let’s lie down! sipsunutuk,
Lie down! sg sipsunsh,
Lie down! pl sipsunoq,
that he lies down sipsut
Paswôsi nám cáqan sipsut apunuk, qá
kôkci wutqun mák, ô i kucohkônah:
Soon he saw that something was lying in
bed, and taking a big stick, he went over
to the doll.
siqan-, VII it is spring
that it is spring siqak,
whenever it is spring siqaks
Siqan, iyo kucshun katumuw: Spring,
the year begins now. Siqan wiyhuk
qôpáyuwôk wuci katumuw: Spring is
the best time of the year.
siqan, NI the spring
springs siqansh
in the spring siqanuk
Kuwáhto siqan paswáhto: You know
the spring is nigh.Mat.24:32
-sit, NI DEP foot
My foot nusit, my feet nusitash,
on my foot nusituk,
his/her foot wusit,
someone’s foot musit
Yo nusit: Here is my foot. Kusit
wutôtunumsh: Pull back your foot.
Wusit tápi kunámumun: We can see
his foot.
-situk, NI DEP toe
my toe nusituk,
my toes nusitukansh,
on my toes nusitukanuk,
his/her toe wusituk,
someone’s toe musituk
Wusitukansh côci kucusutôw: He needs
to wash his toes.
siwôhtum-, VAI he is sorry, sorrowful
I am sorry nusiwôhtum,
s/he is sorry siwôhtum,
you and I are sorry kusiwôhtumumun,
Let’s be sorry! siwôhtumutuk
Be sorry! sg siwôhtumsh,
Be sorry! pl siwôhtumoq,
that he is sorry siwôhtuk
Piyômuw! Nusiwôhtum. Yo: It is
coming! I am sorry. Here. Nuwikimohô
piyámáq, qut mut tápi nutqunô.
Nusiwôhtum wuci ni: I like to eat fish,
but I cannot catch one. I am sorry for
that. FF
siwôpáyu-, VII it is blue
it is blue siwôpáyuw,
they are blue siwôpáyush
that it is blue siwôpák,
that they are blue siwôpáks
Siwôpáyuw yo pôhpaskôk. Siwôpáyush
yosh pôhpaskôkansh: This ball is blue.
These balls are blue. Pôhpaskôk
siwôpák mutu putuqáyuw: The blue
ball is not round.
siwôpisu-, VAI he is blue
I am blue nusiwôpis,
he is blue siwôpisuw,
you and I are blue kusiwôpisumun,
they are blue siwôpisuwak,
that he is blue siwôpisut,
that they are blue siwôpis'hutut
Siwôpisuw yo cits. Siwôpisuwak yok
citsak: This bird is blue. These birds are
blue. Yo cits siwôput qusuqan: This
blue bird is heavy.
-siyohs, NI DEP father-in-law
my father-in-laws nusiyohsak,
on my father-in-law nusiyohsuk,
my father-in-law nusiyohs,
his/her father-in-law wusiyohs,
yours and my fathers-in-law
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kusiyohsunak,
their fathers-in-law wusiyohsuwôwah
Nusiyohs yo in tá nusuqs yo sqá: This
man is my father-in-law and this woman
is my mother-in-law.
-skan, NI DEP bone
my bone nuskan,
my bones nuskansh,
in my bones nuskanuk,
his/her bone wuskan,
someone’s bone muskan
Piyamaq wuskan t’qunum
uqutôkanuk: The fish bone caught in his
throat.
-skanôtup, NI DEP a skull, bone head
their skulls wuskanôtupuwôwash
in his skull wuskanôtupuk
Kikum wuskanôtupuk mutu áhqi wuci
káyoyôt: An arrow in his skull didn’t
stop him from speaking.
-skatuq, NI DEP forehead
My forehead nuskatuq,
on my forehead nuskatuquk,
his/her forehead wuskatuq,
someone’s forehead muskatuq
Kucusutawush kuskatuq: Wash your
forehead!
skisho, ADV quick, quickly
Mus skisho kutayunumôsh
mákunuman: I will help you pick
quickly.
-skisuq, NI DEP eye, face
my face nuskisuq,
my eye nuskisuq,
my eyes nuskisuqash,
in my eye nuskisuquk,
his/her eye wuskisuq,
someone’s eye muskisuq
Páwihsa, nutakis, kiyaw ôkhumoq
kuskisuquwôwash: Okay, I will count,
you (pl.) cover your eyes; Qá kitasot
qipinum wuskisuq qá
wuyônumôwuqak: And the king turned
his face and blessed them.1K.8:14
Qá Kawtántowit pish na nitay
anunumáwuquw nanukshayi mutáh, tá
sáwiks muskisuqash: but the Lord shall
give thee there a trembling heart, and
failing of eyes…Deut.28:65
skitôp, NA person
people skitôpák, [traditional spelling:
skeedumbak, skeetompak]
on a person skitôpák
Wámi skitôpák: All the people. Awán
yo skitôp: Who is this person? Qá
pásowawaw wámi máhcunáhutut
skitôpak ôkapuniyá naspi piyowi
inuniyáwôkansh tá ôqamámowôkansh:
They brought unto him all sick people
that were taken with divers diseases and
torments.Mt.4:24
Nik skitôpák cáhci tápi iwák mutáwi,
iwák mut wimonáyuw uy iwák: Those
people who can say much, half of what
they say is not true as they say it. FF
skok, NA snake
snakes skokak, on the snake skokuk
Wiyôko nunáwô sipok skok.
Mihkunáw piyámáq wutonuk:
Yesterday I saw a snake in the river. He
held a fish in his mouth. FF
skôks, NA skunk
skunks skôksak,
on the skunk skôksuk
Awáyáhsak yok. Noy’hc, toyupáhs,
skôks, wôpsuq, tá muks: These are
animals. Deer, turtle, skunk, eagle, and
wolf.
skôt, PART lest, otherwise (alternative
spelling: shkôt)
Pátawush pohshi sôhtásh, skôt
pátawush wutáhumsh: Bring some
blueberries, otherwise bring strawberries.
socpo-, VII it is snowing, it snows
it is snowing socpo, that it is snowing
socpok, whenever it snows socpoks
Kon! Socpo; Snow! It is snowing!
Socpoks ôkumham: Whenever it is
snowing he goes snowshoeing. Mutáwi
kon, socpo iyo: Much snow, it is
snowing now. FF
sokuyôn-, VII it rains, there is rain
it is raining sokuyôn,
that it is raining sokuyôk,
whenever it is raining sokuyôks
Sokuyôn! Mutáwi nuwutakis: It is
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raining! I am very wet! Máhcisokuyôk, uqanaqôn: After it rains, a
rainbow. Sokuyôks nukupham
kinakinikansh: Whenever it rains I close
the windows. Kupqat wámi kisk, qá
sokuyôn nupáw kiskash: It was cloudy
all day, and it has rained for five days. FF
sokuyôn, NI rain
rains sokuyônsh, in the rain sokuyôk
Sokuyôn qusuqan: The rain is heavy.
sokuyôqat-, VII it is rainy
it is rainy sôkuyôqat,
they are rainy sôkuyôqatash
that it is rainy sôkuyôqáhk,
whenever it is rainy sôkuyôqáhks
Kupqat, sokuyônqat, mawi wiyôn: It is
cloudy, it’s been rainy, full moon.FF
sowiná-, VAI he plunges (into whatever),
he casts himself in
I plunge in nusowiná,
s/he plunges in sowiná,
you and I plunge in kusowinámun,
Let’s plunge in sowinátuk,
Plunge in! sg sowinásh,
Plunge in! pl sowináq,
that he plunges in sowinát
Sowiná kiht’hanuk: He plunged into the
ocean.
sowunáw-, VTA he sent him, took him
I sent him nusowunáwô,
s/he took him sowunáw, You and I took
him kusowunáwômun,
Let’s send him! sowunáwutuk,
Send him! sg sowunáw,
Send him! pl sowunoq,
that he sends him sowunôt
qá sowunáwak Cuwsup Iciptuk:
…and they took Joseph into
Egypt.Gen.27:28
sôcum, NA chief, sachem
sachems sôcumôk,
in the sachem sôcumôk
Wôkumohq sôcum áhtáwôkanuk
witupôhtak: Salute the chief in the place
that is sacred.
sôhká-, VAI he wins, triumphs
I win nusôhká, s/he wins sôhká,
you and I win kusôhkámun,
Win! sg sôhkásh, Win! pl sôhkáq,
Let’s win! sôhkátuk,
that he wins sôhkát
Kusôhká somi nipuwan: You triumph
when you stand up.
sôhsuni-, VAI he is tired, weary
I am tired nusôhsuni,
s/he is tired sôhsuni,
you and I are tired kusôhsunimun,
Be tired! sg sôhsunish,
Be tired! pl sôhsuniq,
that he is tired sôhsunit
Nocshá Palmertown wiyôko, winu
nusôhsuni macush wuyôksuw: I went to
Palmertown yesterday, I was extremely
tired last evening. FF
sôht, NI blueberry
blueberries sôhtásh,
in the blueberries sôhták
Pátawush pohshi sôhtásh, skôt
pátawush wutáhumsh: Bring some
blueberries, otherwise bring strawberries.
sômi, CONJ because, because of
Manto wikuw sômi wáhtôw wámi
cáqansh: God is good because he knows
all things. FF
sôp, NI cornmeal mush, corn soup
in the corn soup sôpônuk
Naspi yoht mô aposuwak sôp
Mohiksinak: Mohegans used to cook
cornmeal mush on a fire. Numic nusôp:
I eat my cornmeal mush.
sôpáyu-, VII it is straight, right, proper
it is right sôpáyuw,
they are right sôpáyush
that it is right sôpák,
that they are right sôpáks
Yo wutqun sôpayuw: This stick is
straight.
sôpwisu-, VAI he is straight, upright
I am upright nusôpwis,
s/he is upright sôpwisuw,
you and I are upright kusôpwisumun,
Be upright! sg sôpwisush,
Be upright! pl sôpwisuq,
that he is upright sôpwisut
Na wáskitôp sôpwisuw qá qáshôt
Mantoh: That man was upright and
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feared God.Job1:1
sôpwiyusiwôk, NI uprightness (in
doing), justice, righteousness
Ni pish sôpwiyusuwôk uk áyaqapi
Káwtántowit kumanto: …that shall be
righteousness unto thee before the Lord
thy God.Deut.24:13
sôpwiyusiwin, NA a just man, one who
acts with justice or righteousness
Noah sôpwiyusiwin…qá Noah wici
pumshamun Manto: Noah was a just
man…and Noah walked with God.Gen.6:9
sôpwi, ADV uprightly, straight
…náh sôpwiyusi pumshát, qá sôpwi
áyôt… : he who walks righteously, and
speaks uprightly…Isa.33:15
sôqhuwá-, VAI he overcomes, prevails,
has the mastery
I prevail nusôqhuwá,
s/he prevails sôqhuwá,
you and I prevail kusôqhuwámun,
Prevail! sg sôqhuwásh,
Prevail! pl sôqhuwáq,
that he prevails sôqhuwát
Nusôqhuwá Mohiks uyôtowáwôk: I
have mastered the Mohegan language.
sôwanayo, ADV south, southward
Kahôkak sôwanayo towuwak: The geese
are flying south.
sôyôqat-, VII it is cold (of substances)
it is cold sôyôqat,
they are cold sôyôqatash
that it is cold sôyôqáhk,
whenever it is cold sôyôqáhks
Yo nupi sôyôqát: This water is cold.
Sôyôqat áwan mut wáconôt áwan: It is
too cold for anyone not having
someone.FF
spushá-, VAI he ascends, goes up into
the air
I go up in the air spushá,
s/he go up in the air spushá,
you and I go up in the air
spushámun,
go up in the air! sg spushásh,
go up in the air! pl spusháq,
that he go up in the air spáshát
Máhshák wutun táhqunáw, qá spushá:
A great wind caught him, and he flew up
into the air.
sqá, NA woman
women sqá(wa)k,
on the woman sqá(wu)k
Awán yo sqá?: Who is this woman?
Kunawáw in sqáh: The man is looking
at the woman. Sqák kihtaw: Listen to
the women.
sqáhsihs, NA girl
girls sqáhsihsak,
on the girl sqáhsihsuk
Nihsums yo sqáhsihs wôk: This girl is
also my younger sibling.
sqáwhs, NA young woman
young women sqáwhsak,
on the young woman sqáwhsuk
Natôks asokuw sqáwhs: My cousin is a
foolish young woman.
sqôt, NI door, doorway, gate
doors sqôtásh, at the door sqôták
Sqôt ni. Suqituk: That is the door. Let’s
go inside.
sqôtam-, VTI he spits it, expels water
I spit nusqôtam,
s/he spits sqôtam,
you and I spit kusqôtamun,
that he spits sqôtamôt,
Mus kihcapunuqak sqôtamôcik: He
will torment those who spit at him.
squnum-, VTI he squeezes it
I squeeze it nusqunum,
s/he squeezes it wusqunum,
you and I squeeze it kusqunumumun,
Squeeze it! sg squnumsh,
Squeeze it! pl squnumoq, Let’s squeeze
it! squnumutuk,
that he squeezes it squnuk
Iyo Cáhnamit iwá: ‘Tápi squnum nupi
kaciyák sun?’ : Now Cáhnamit said:
‘Can you squeeze water out of a stone?’
Qôpak kotayát káhtkôwi wuci mihtuq,
samakun wic qá squnum: When he got
[had climbed] to the top of the tree, he
stretched out his hand and squeezed.
squswá-, VTA he cuts him into pieces
I cut him to pieces nusquswá, s/he cuts
him to pieces squswá, you and I cut him
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to pieces kusquswámun, Let’s cut him to
pieces squswátuk,
Cut him to pieces! sg squswásh,
Cut him to pieces! pl squswáq,
that he cuts him to pieces sqáswát
Qino squnum uy minkiyi wásqak wus
wuci sun squswáw wic paci
musqihiyôkani: Soon he squeezed so
hard that the sharp edges of the stone cut
his hand until it bled.
-sucipuk, NI DEP neck
my neck nusucipuk,
people’s necks musucipukansh,
on my neck nusucipukanuk,
his/her neck wusucipuk,
someone’s neck musucipuk
Ki kucusutawush kusucipuk wôk:
Wash your neck too.
sukáyu-, VII it is black
it is black sukáyuw,
they are black sukáyush
that it is black sákák,
that they are black sákáks
Sukáyuw yo pôhpaskôk. Sukáyush
yosh pôhpaskôkansh: This ball is black.
These balls are black. Sákák pôhpaskôk
misum: Give me the black ball.
sukitam-, VTI he urinates on something
I urinate on it nusukitam,
s/he urinates on it wusukitam,
you and I urinate on it kusukitamun,
Urinate on it! sg sukitamsh,
Urinate on it! pl sukitamoq,
Let’s urinate on it! sukitamutuk,
that he urinates on it sukitak
Yo wunicôn cupiyut wuci
wunonôkanah, wusukitam páskôsq:
When this child is separated from her
mother she urinates on the floor.
sukutam-, VAI he urinates
I urinate nusukutam,
s/he urinates sukutam,
you and I urinate kusukutamumun,
Let’s urinate! sukutamutuk,
Urinate! sg sukutamsh,
Urinate! pl sukutamoq,
that he urinates sákutak
Wutatamsh nupi, wáci kusukutam:
Drink water so that you will urinate.
sukuwin, NA he who urinates
urinaters sukuwinak,
on the urinater sukuwinuk
Muskaw skitôp sukuwin yotay: Find
the person who urinates here!
sukisu-, VAI he is black
I am black nusukis,
s/he is black sukisuw,
you and I are black kusukisumun,
that he is black sákisut,
that they are black sákisut
Sukisuw yo cits. Sukisuwak yok citsak:
This bird is black. These birds are black.
Sákisut cits misum: Give me the black
bird.
-suks, NA DEP mother-in-law
my mothers-in-law nusuksak,
on my mother-in-law nusuksuk,
my mother-in-law nusuks,
his/her mother-in-law wusuksah,
yours and my mothers-in-law
kusuksunak,
their mothers-in-law wusuksuwôwah
Nusiyohs yo in tá nusuks yo sqá: This
man is my father-in-law and this woman
is my mother-in-law
suksuw, NA clam, long clam
clams suksuwak, in clams suksuwuk
Tataskáwôtuk poqáhak! : Let’s tread
for clams!
sun, NI stone
stones sunsh, on the stone sunuk
Aqi cáqan yo sun máhsunuman: What
is the stone like when you touch it?
Sunsh kusaputásh kôkci yohtuk: The
stones are heated in a great fire.
Sôhkinum nupi kásaputáks sunuk: He
pours water on the stones. Ni sun totay
kôsuqôm piyôk mut apuw nitay: That
stone, where the witches came, no
[longer] rests there.FF
sun, ADV adverb of asking, signifying
‘is it?’
Sun kucoy?: Is that your nose?
sunamutu, ADV adverb of asking,
meaning ‘is it not?’
Sunamutu cits wuwac? Is it not a bird’s
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nest?
-supsk, DEP NI the ankle
my ankles nusupskash
on my ankle nusupskuk
Nupish musupskuk: The waters were at
the ankles.Ezek.47:3
suqatash, NI succotash whole boiled
corn; a traditional dish made with
cooked corn and beans.
in the succotash suqatashuk
Pitawush ôkutakansh masqusitsh
suqatashuk: Put more beans into the
succotash!
suqi-, VAI he enters, comes in
I enter nusuqi, s/he enters suqi,
you and I enter kusuqimun,
Enter! sg suqish, Enter! pl suqiq,
that he enters sáqit
Áh, nákumôw na, kitôpánônak yotay.
Suqiq! : Oh, it’s them, our friends are
here! Come in! Nuks, sqôt ni. Suqituk:
Yes, that’s the door. Let’s go in;
Náhsuk, nutuyôhtum kitôpánônak
piyôhutut. Suqihutuc: Husband, I think
our friends are here. Let them come in.
Ki Tipi tápi mut kusuqi kisuquk: You,
Devil, you cannot enter heaven.FF
suqi, NI a powder
powders suqish
in the powder suqik
Ponam suqi páhpohs watanuk: She put
powder on the baby’s buttocks.
-susiton, NI DEP a lip
my lips nususitonash
on my lips nususitonuk
Nucupwutonapuq nususitonuk: He
kissed me on my lips.
susupôkamuq, NI wall (of a house)
walls susupôkamuqash,
on the walls susupôkamuquk
Yo susupôkamukansh: Here are the
walls; Nuqut susupôkamuk, ôkutak
susupôkamuk: One wall, another wall.
swukanum-, VTI he throws it (Alternate
spelling: suhkuhkanum)
I throw it nuswukanum,
s/he throws it skukanum,
you and I throw it kuswukanumumun,
Throw it! sg swukanumsh,
Throw it! pl swukanumoq,
that he throws it swáhkanuk
Nutáhqi inak swáhkanumhutut
takôkansh: I stopped the men that were
throwing axes.
swuncák, NUM thirty
Nutay swuncák katumwahkam
nunámôn nikut: I was thirty when my
son was born.
T
t’hkamuk, NI beach, shore
beaches t’hkamukansh,
on the beach t’hkamukanuk
Sqá apuw t’hkamukanuk: The woman
is on the shore.
t’káyu-, VII it is cold, as in the weather
it is cold t’káyuw
they are cold t’kásh
that it is cold t’káhk
whenever it is cold t’káhks
T’káyuw yo yôpôwi, ni yayuw: It is
cold this early morning, that is so.FF
t’wuci, PART why (in questions)
T’wuci kutôpôcuyak wôk
nocumwisuw: Why turn ye again
weak?Gal.4:9
takam-, VTA he hits him, strikes him,
beats him
I hit him nutakamô,
s/he hits him takamáw,
you and I hit him kutakamômun,
Hit him! sg takam,
Hit him! pl takamohq,
that he hits him tákamôt
Takamtuk popowutáhuk! : Let’s beat
the drum! Côci nutakamô wáci
pakitam piyámáq: I ought to hit him so
that he would give up the fish. FF
takatam-, VTI he hits it, strikes it, beats it
I hit it nutakatam,
s/he hits it takatam,
you and I hit it kutakatamumun,
Hit it! sg takatamsh,
Hit it! pl takatamoq,
that he hits it tákatak
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Tatakatam pôyák: He pounds his chest.
takôk, NI axe, hatchet
axes takôkansh,
on the axe takôkanuk
Nutáhqi inak swáhkanumhutut
takôkansh: I stopped the men that were
throwing axes.
-takôq, NI DEP backbone, spine
My spine nutatakôq,
on my spine nutatakôquk,
his/her back wutatakôq,
our backs but not yours
nutakôqunônash
someone’s back mutatakôq
Wutakôq wôkáyuw: His spine is
crooked.
tam-, VTI he says to it, calls it
I say to it nutam, s/he says to it tam, you
and I say to it kutamumun,
Call it! sg tamsh, Call it! pl tamoq, that
he says to it támak
Cáqan kutam i pasksháhsak mihtuq? :
What do you say to the fallen tree?
tanishunimuk, NI stove, oven
stoves tanishunimukansh,
in the oven tanishunimukanuk
Yo nutanishunimuk.: This is my stove
tapiniyáwá-, VTA he accepts him, is
satisfied with him
I accept him nutapiniyáwáw,
s/he accepts him tapiniyáwáw,
you and I accept him
kutapiniyáwáwômun,
Let’s accept him! tapiniyáwáwôtuk,
Accept him! sg natáwôpamáw, Accept
him! pl tapiniyáwáwohq,
that he accepts him tápiniyáwáwôt
Tapiniyawáh Manto, qá tapiniyawá
waskitôpak: he is acceptable to God, and
approved of men.Rom.14:18
tapinumámun-, VII it is worthy
it is worthy tapinumamun,
they are worthy tapinumamunsh,
when it is worthy tapinumamuk,
whenever it is worthy tapinumamuks
Qut mutu tapinumomun,
kuwuyohtiyôk ôpôcumosh i kahakák:
but if it be not worthy, let your peace
return to you.Matt.10:13
taqôk, NI mortar for pounding corn
mortars taqôkansh,
in the mortar taqôkanuk
Squtáham wiwáhcum taqôkuk naspi
qinhsunôk: She pounds the corn in the
mortar with the pestle.
taqôq, NI autumn, fall
autumns taqôqash
in the fall taqôquk
Taqôq: First Frost/Falling Leaves.
T’káyuw yo taqôq: It is cold this fall.
taqôqu-, VII it is autumn, fall
it is fall taqôquw,
that it is fall táqôquk,
whenever it is fall táqôquks
Ciwi taqôquw: It is almost fall.
taspowôk, NI table
tables taspowôkansh,
on the table taspowôkanuk
Aqu piyôkut áhtá taspowôk: The table
is under the blanket. Taspowôkanuk
pish sipakinumak onônak qá
wuponamunáw wiyôkansh, tá
kiyamôk, tá wisqash, tá ôqhikash
nishnuw apqôsuwash: Upon the table
they shall spread a blue cloth, and
thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and
the bowls and covers to cover each
one.Num.4:7
tastukan, NI shelf
shelves tastukansh
on the shelf tastukanuk
Nuponam wusqikansh tastukanuk: I
put the books on the shelf.
tatakámô, NA porpoise
porpoises tatakámôk
on the porpoise tatakámôk
Mukacuks pásawáw i t’hkamuk
psqanuk tatakámô: The boy was
brought to the shore on the back of the
porpoise.
tatamwáwic, NI cup
cups tatamwáwicash
in the cups tatamwáwicuk
Misum wuyacásq tatamwáwic: Give
me the birch cup.
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tatô, PART 'I don't know'
Tatô. Cáqan micuwak áhsupanak? : I
don’t know. What do raccoons eat?
tayák, NA crane
cranes tayákôk,
on the crane tayákôk
Tayák wacônum quni-w’htôtash: The
crane has long legs.
tayhkihcáwôk, NI garden
gardens tayhkihcáwôkansh,
in the garden tayhkihcáwôkanuk
Nipuks ayihkôsuwak
tayahkihcáwôkanuk: Whenever it is
summertime, they work in the garden.
tayikinôk, NI fruit
fruits tayikinôkansh
on the fruit tayikinôkanuk
Qá kusi, manotá nipun tayikinôk: And,
behold, a basket of summer fruit.Amos8:1
tayôsq, NI bridge
bridges tayôsqônsh,
on the bridge tayôsqônuk
Munhanuk tá otán môsuqituw naspi
tayôsq: The island and town are joined
by the bridge.
tá, CONJ and (conjoining a series of
things.)
Yo inkôtôk wici nohkumihs tá nusihs:
Here is a picture of my aunt and uncle.
Numic potin tá sôhtásh: I eat pudding
and blueberries FF
-táh, NI DEP heart
my heart nutáh,
some people’s hearts mutáhash,
in my heart nutáhuk,
his/her heart wutáh,
someone’s heart mutáh
Yo mutah mutu nutah…wipi kutah:
This heart is not my heart…but your
heart.Uncas Nutáh kupáyuw, ni yáyuw:
My heart is closed, it is so. FF
Qá Kawtántowit pish na nitay
anunumáwuquw nanukshayi mutáh, tá
sáwiks muskisuqash: but the Lord shall
give thee there a trembling heart, and
failing of eyes…Deut.28:65
táhkotayá-, VTI he climbs, scales
something
I climb it nutáhkotayáw,
s/he climbs it táhkotayáw,
you and I climb it kutáhkotayáwumun,
Let’s climb it! táhkotayátuk,
Climb it! sg táhkotayásh,
Climb it! pl táhkotayáq,
that he climbs it táhkotayák
Nákumôw pish táhkotayák
kusôpskanuk: They shall climb upon the
high rocks.Jer.4:29
táhkosun-, VAI he climbs
I climb nutáhkosun,
s/he climbs táhkosun,
you and I climb kutáhkosunun,
Let’s scream! táhkosunutuk
Climb! táhkosunsh,
Climb! pl táhkosunoq,
that he climbs táhkosunak
Qaqi, táhkosun, qá qihshô: He runs,
climbs and jumps.
táhkotáwôk, NI ladder
ladders táhkotáwôkansh
on the ladder táhkotáwôkanuk
Uyuqôm, qá kusi, táhkotáwôk nipatiyá
ahkik: He dreamed, and behold, a ladder
set up on the earth.Gen.29:12
táhqun-, VTA he catches him, seizes him
I catch him nutáhqunô,
s/he catches him táhqunáw,
you and I catch him kutáhqunômun,
Let’s catch him! táhqunutuk
Catch him! sg táhqun,
Catch him! pl táhqunohq,
that he catches him táhqunôt
Kutáhqunush: I caught you!
táhqunum-, VTI he catches it, seizes it
I catch it nutáhqunum,
s/he catches it táhqunum,
you and I catch it kutáhqunumumun,
Let’s catch it! táhqunumutuk
Catch it! sg táhqunumsh,
Catch it! pl táhqunumoq,
that he catches it táhqunuk
Piyamaq wuskan táhqunum
uqutôkanuk: The fish bone caught in his
throat.
tápatam-, VTA he thanks him, táput ni:
thank you [traditional spelling: tawbut
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ni, tabut ni, dabutni]
I thank him nutápatamô,
s/he thanks him tápatamáw,
you and I thank him kutápatamômun,
Let’s thank him! tápatamutuk
Thank him! sg tápatam,
Thank him! pl tápatamohq,
that he thanks him tápatamôt
Kutápatamômun Manto wámi kisk:
We thank God every day. Sômi wámi
cáqansh iwák “Táput ni, Manto!”:
Because all things say, “thank you,
God!” FF
tápáyu-, VII it is enough, sufficient
it is enough tápáyuw,
they are enough tápáyush
that it is enough tápák,
whenever it is enough tápáks
Tápáks kupahkacihtomun: Whenever it
is enough, we’re done.
tápi, PART enough, can, able
Mutáwi wikun. Tápi. Táput ni: Very
good. That’s enough. Thank you. Nuks,
kutápimun: Yes, we can.
tápqá, NI night
nights tápqásh in the night tápqák
Yo tápqá páhkinay kupáhkuw: Tonight
the darkness is thick.
táqás, NA a twin
twins táqásak,
on the twin táqásuk
Táqás qináwusuw wimatah: The
twin needs his brother.
-táqásqá, NA DEP twin sister
your twin sisters kutáqásqák
on your twin sister kutáqásqák
Nutáqásqák mutáwi wikco: My twin
sister is very pretty.
tátupi, ADV the same, alike, equally, in
the same way
Táqásak tátupi iwak cáqansh: The
twins say things in the same way.
tátupiyu-, VII it is equal to, same as
it is equal to tátupiyuw,
they are equal to tátupiyush,
that it is equal to tátupiyuk,
when they are equal tátupiyuks
‘Tátupiyuw’ uyuwamow yo
kunasuwôk: This mark means it
is‘equal’.
táyôhqáyu-, VII it is short
it is short táyôhqáyuw,
they are short táyôhqáyush,
that it is short táyôhqák,
when they are short táyôhqáks
Yosh maskihcuwash tayahqayush: This
grass is short.
táyôhqusu-, VAI he is short
I am short nutáyôhqus,
s/he is short táyôhqusuw,
you and I are short kutáyôhqusumun,
Let’s be short! táyôhqusutuk,
Get short! sg táyôhqusush,
Be short! pl táyôhqusuq,
that he is short táyôhqusut
Táyôhqusuw wipi mihkikut: He is short
but strong.
tiyanuk, ADV presently, immediately,
quickly
Pasuq ôpsusupôkamuquk wuták
nákum tiyanuk sahonoyôn:
Immediately the one against the wall
behind him began to scream.
tiyaqi, ADV any
Cáhshi munish kuwacôn? Tiyaqi? :
How much money do you have? Any?
tiyôp, NA a bow
bows tiyôpash
in the bow tiyôpuk
Acá naspi tiyôp tá pitan yumway
kikumsh: He hunts with a bow and a
quiver full of arrows.
tohki-, VAI he is awake, he wakes up
I wake up nutohki,
s/he awakens tohki,
you and I awaken kutohkimun,
Wake up! sg tohkish,
Wake up! pl tohkiq,
that he wakes up tohkit
Kisukahks nutohki: Whenever it is
daytime, I am awake.
tohkun-, VTA he wakes him up
I wake him up nutohkunô,
s/he wakes him up tohkunáw,
you and I wake him up kutohkunômun,
Wake him up! tohkunutuk,
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Wake him up! sg tohkun,
Wake him up! pl tohkunohq,
that he wakes him up tohkunôt
Mutu nupuw; Tohkun! : He’s not dead;
wake him up!
-ton, NI DEP mouth
someone’s mouth muton,
people’s mouths mutonsh,
in my mouth nutonuk, my mouth
nuton, his/her mouth wuton,
your and my mouths kuyonuwôwash,
someone’s mouth muton
Wiyôko nunáwô sipok skok.
Mihkunáw piyámáq wutonuk:
Yesterday I saw a snake in the river. He
held a fish in his mouth.FF
totay, PART where (in relative clauses,
not questions)
Mut nuwahto totay putaqiyôn: I don’t
know where to hide.
towu-, VAI he flies, moves through the
air
I fly nutow,
s/he flies towuw,
you and I fly kutowumun,
Let’s fly! towutuk,
Fly! sg towush,
Fly! pl towuq,
that he flies towut
Towuw papaspi kisuq aqi cits: He flies
through the sky like a bird.
toyupáhs, NA turtle
turtles toyupáhsak,
on the turtle toyupáhsuk
Awáyáhsak yok. Noy’hc, toyupáhs,
skôks, wôpsuq, tá muks: These are
animals. Deer, turtle, skunk, eagle, and
wolf.
tôkam-, VTA he stabs him
I stab him nutôkamô,
s/he stabs him tôkamáw,
you and I stab him kutôkamômun, Let’s
stab him! tôkamutuk,
Stab him! sg tôkamsh,
Stab him! pl tôkamoq,
that he stabs him tôkamôt
Wôcak uyôhtumak Cáhnamit wimuqut
tôkamôt wahak, qut Cáhnamit
háhanuwôt wámi: Everybody thought
that he really stabbed himself, but
Cáhnamit laughed at them all.
tômakan-, VII it is overflowing, there is
a flood
it is flooded tômakan,
they are flooded tômakansh
when it is flooded tômakak,
whenever it is flooded tômakaks
Wacuwash pish sáhkátôk tômakanash,
qá wámi Cotá siposh kusucuwan nupi:
The hills will flood with milk, and all the
rivers of Judah will flow with water.Joel3:18
tômakan, NI a flood
floods tômakanash
in the flood tômakanuk
…ônatu tômakan mushi nupish
tômákák:…as a flood of mighty waters
overflowing.Isa.28:2
tômwihto-, VTI he saves it, preserves it
I save it nutômwihto,
s/he saves it tômwihtôw,
you and I save it kutômwihtomun, Let’s
save it! tômwihtotuk
Save it! sg tômwihtawush,
Save it! pl tômwihtawoq,
that he saves it tômwihtôk
Tômwihtôw wicuw wuci yoht: He saved
the house from the fire.
tôn, PART how (in questions; not used to
translate ‘how much' or ‘how many’)
Tôn kutaya? : How are you? Tôn
kukawimô? : How did you sleep?
-tônihs, NA DEP daughter
my daughter nutônihs,
my daughters nutônihsak,
on my daughter nutônihsuk,
his/her daughter wutônihsah,
our daughter, but not yours nutônihsun
Nunicônak yok. Aquy, nutônihs! Aquy,
nunámôn: These are my children.
Hello, my daughter! Hello, my son!
-tôpkan, NI DEP chin, jaw
my chin nutôpkan,
chins of unknown people mutôpkansh,
on my chin nutôpkanuk,
his/her chin wutôpkan,
someone’s chin mutôpkan
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Kucusutawush kuskatuq, kuskisuqash,
kucôy, kanonawash, tá kutôpihk: Wash
your forehead, eyes, your nose, your
cheeks, and your chin!
tôpôk, NI sled, toboggan
sleds tôpôkansh,
on the sled tôpôkanuk
Matapsh tôpôkanuk kaqak.
Nit…wikáhtiya! : Sit down on the
toboggan at the top of a hill. Then…O
Brave!
tôtá-, VTA he climbs into something
I climbed into it nutôtá,
s/he climbed into it tôtáw,
you and I climbed into it kutôtáwámun,
Let’s climb into it tôtátuk,
Climb into it! sg tôtásh,
Climb into it! pl tôtáq,
that he climbs into it tôtát
Nit tôtáw nuqut wumushoyash, qá
cimáw i kitakamuko: Then he climbed
into one of his canoes, and paddled to the
mainland.
tukow, NA a wave (on water)
waves tukowak,
on the wave tukowuk
Kôkci tukow takatam t’hkamuq: A
great wave hit the shore.
tuksáhs, NA rabbit
rabbit tuksáhsak,
on the rabbit tuksáhsuk
Côci kusamô tuksáhs: You need to feed
the rabbit.
tuksuni-, VAI he falls
I fall nutuksuni, s/he falls tuksuni, you
and I fall kutuksunimun,
Fall! sg tuksunish, Fall! pl tuksuniq,
that he falls táksunit
Mutu tuksunish tayôsq! : Don’t fall off
the bridge!
tukucôpi, NI belt
belts tukucôpish,
on the belt tukucôpik
Cuh! Mucáq tukucôpi: Hey! No belt!
tukunik, NI bread (alternate spelling:
putukunik)
breads tukunikansh,
on the bread tukunikanuk
Nuputukunikun nuniqôhtuk
pumôtamuwôkansh…We eat our bread
in peril of our lives… Lam.5:9
Páhki tukunik mus micuwak: Maybe
bread will they eat. FF
tukunikanihs, NI cookie
cookies tukunikanihsash
in the cookie tukunikanihsuk
Nuwikôtam tukunikanihsash
micuwôn: I enjoy eating cookies.
tumôhq, NA beaver
beaver tumôhqák,
on the beaver tumôhqák
Áhsup uyáw tumôhqáh, “Cáqan
micuwak tumôhqák?”: Raccoon says to
Beaver, “What do beavers eat?”
tumusum-, VTI he cuts it
I cut it nutumusum,
s/he cuts it tumusum,
you and I cut it kutumusumumun,
Cut it! sg tumusumsh,
Cut it! pl tumusumoq,
that he cuts it támusuk
Ray tumusum wutqunsh yotay yo kisk:
Ray cut wood here today. FF
-tunuk, NI DEP right, right side
my right nutunuk,
at my right side nutunkanuk,
the right side of someone mutunuk,
his/her rightside wutunuk,
our right side, but not yours nutunukun
Miyacu. Mutunuk: The Left. The Right.
Matapuw i nutunuk: He sat to my right.
-tup, NI DEP brain
our brains kutupunônash
in my brain nutupuk
Yo mutup sawáyuw: This brain is
empty.
tupku-, VII it is night (yo tápqá: tonight)
it is night tupkuw, that it is night
tápkuk, whenever it is night tápkuks
Wikun tupkuw: Good night. Tápkuks
kawiw: When it is night, he is asleep.
Ciwi tupkuw. Yo tápkuk kisukat
cáyhqatum mô: It is almost night.
Tonight the day hurried away.FF
tutatum-, VAI he declares, commands,
speaks authoritatively
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I declare nututatum,
s/he declares tutatum,
you and I declare kututatumumun,
they declare tutatumak
Declare! sg tutatumsh,
Declare! pl tutatumoq,
that he declares tátatuk
Papaspushák Pinus tá Samayiya
wututatum qipiwôkansh wuci Kintuys:
They passed through Phenice and
Samaria declaring the conversions of the
Gentiles.Acts15:3
Throw it into it! pl unáhtiyoq,
that he throws it into it ánáhtiyok
Qut pamôpakun ôpmushoy, qá
áspunuk takôk, unáhtiyow nupik: But
she crept to the stern of her canoe, and
lifting up the mortar, threw it into the
water.
upihsháw, NI flower
flowers upihsháwônsh,
on the flower upihsháwônuk
Upihsháw namsh! : Look at the flower!
Qucimôtamsh upihsháwansh: Smell the
flowers!
upucacup, NA a gull
U
ukôsu-, VII it is virile, fertile, pertaining
to the organs of generation
it is virile ukôsuw, they are verile
ukôsush that it is fertile ukôsuk, that
they are fertile ukôsuks
Yok wômanish ukôsush: Those eggs are
fertile.
-ukôsuwôk, NI DEP genitalia (both male
and female)
our genitalia kutukôsuwôkansh,
on his genitalia wutukôsuwôkanuk
Ôhqamamuw wutukôsuwôkanuk: He
has a pain in his genitalia.
unáhtiyá-, VTA he throws it to or into
him
I throw it to him nutunáhtiyá,
s/he throws it to him unáhtiyá,
you and I throw it to him
kutunáhtiyámun,
Let’s throw it to him unáhtiyátuk,
Throw it to him! sg unáhtiyásh, Throw it
to him, pl unáhtiyáq,
that he throws it to him ánáhtiyát
Piyôt muhtáwi kuski, mihkunum
wohpskak-qunôhtuq wicuk, qá
unáhtiyáw nákum: When he got quite
near, she held the hair-spear in her hand,
and hurled it at him.
unáhtiyo-, VTI he throws it to or into it
I throw it into it nutunáhtiyo,
s/he throws it into it unáhtiyow,
Let’s throw it into it! unáhtiyotuk,
Throw it into it! sg unáhtiyosh,
gulls upucacupak
in the gull upacacupuk
Upucacup onon qá patupshatôw
mikucut inuk: The gull screamed and
dropped his feces on the men.
uqanaqôn, NA rainbow
rainbows uqanaqônak,
in the rainbow uqanoqônuk
Máhci-sokuyôk, uqanaqôn: After the
rain, a rainbow.
uskawusu-, VAI he is jealous
I am jealous nutuskawus,
s/he is jealous (u)skawusuw,
you and I are jealous kutuskawusumun,
Let’s be jealous! uskawusutuk
Be jealous! sg (u)skawusush,
Be jealous! pl (u)skawusuq,
that he is jealous áskawusut
Nákum uskawusuw, nákum cunáyuw:
He is jealous, he is crazy.
uspunawán-, VTI it happens
it happens uspunawán,
they happen uspunawánsh
when it happens uspunawák, whenever
it happens uspunawáks
Yo uspunawán quni-yôwat, kátshuk
pômkoki: This all happened a very long
time ago, back in the beginning of the
world.
uspunum-, VTI he lifts it
I lift it nutuspunum,
s/he lifts it spunum,
you and I lift it kutuspunumumun,
Lift it! sg spunumsh,
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Lift it! pl spunumoq,
that he lifts it áspunuk
Uspunumoq piyôkut, wôcak: Lift the
blanket, everybody. Uspunumsh k’kôt:
Lift your leg.
usuwáyu-, VII it is called, named
it is called usuwáyuw,
they are named usuwáyush
that he is named usuwák,
when it is called usuwáks
Nunámônak wuci k’hpáy mutôm
tamakôhsowináw ni wánuks usuwák
nakum wáhta: The sons of the woods
never plunge in the flood that the
white man called his own.EF
usuwisu-, VAI he is named, called
I am called nutusuwis,
s/he is named usuwisuw,
you and I are called kutusuwisumun,
Let’s call! usuwisutuk
Call! sg usuwisush,
Call! pl usuwisuq,
that he is named ásuwisut
Tôn kutusuwis: How are you called?
(What is your name?);
utáh, ADV to what, wherein, whether
Utáh kaci piyawôtamak, pumshátuk
nôn qutuhikanuk: To what we have
already attained, let us walk by the same
rule.Phil.3:16
utuyuw, ADV where
Qá ki pish inat cipsawôk… yáyôwi
wámi wutaymôyinash utuyuw
Káwtántowit pish sáhkôpanáwôq: And
thou shalt become an astonishment…
among all nations where the Lord shall
lead thee.Deut.28.37
uy, PART as, in such a way, thus, how, so
(yo uy: this way)
Kuti cáqansh yo uy: You do things this
way.
uy-, VTA say to him, tell him (y-stem)
I say to him nutuyô,
s/he says to him uyáw,
you and I tell him kutuyômun,
Tell him! sg us,
Tell him! pl uyohq,
Let’s tell him! uyutuk
that he tells him áyôt
Us totay piyô: Tell him where to go.
uyasun-, VTA he leads him there, leads
him to a certain place
I lead him there nutuyasunô,
s/he leads him there uyasunáw,
you and I lead him there
kutuyasunômun,
Let’s lead him there! uyasunutuk,
Lead him there! sg uyasun,
Lead him there! pl uyasunohq,
that he leads him there áyasunôt
Mus kutuyasuquw mátqamtunayo
kiht’han: He will lead you to the western
ocean.
uyáyu-, VII it is so, is thus, is that way
it is so (u)yáyuw,
they are so (u)yáyush,
that it is so áyák,
whenever it is so áyáks
Ni yáyuw: It is so. (Often said at the end
of a prayer as ‘Amen’.)
uyihiyá-, VTA he conducts himself
toward or with respect to him, he acts
toward or deals with him
I deal with him nutuyihiyá,
s/he deals with him uyihiyáw,
you and I deal with him
kutuyihiyáwômun,
Deal with him! sg uyihiyáw,
Deal with him! pl uyihiyáwohq,
that he deals with him áyihiyáwôt
Qá pish nutôqátiyô i skitôp niyani
nutuyihiyá wutayhkôsuwôkansh: I will
render to the man according to his
works.Prov.24:29
uyôhtum-, VAI he thinks, thinks so
I think nutuyôhtum,
s/he thinks uyôhtum,
you and I think kutuyôhtumun,
Think! sg yôhtamsh,
Think! pl yôhtamoq,
that he thinks áyôhtak
Náh uyôhtumwak nuskitôpak
wanáytamhiyáhutut nuwisuwôk: They
think they cause my people to forget my
name.Jer.23:27
Wánuksak yôhtumak wáhtôwak wámi:
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White men think they know all. FF
uyôtowá-, VAI he speaks the Indian
language, speaks such a language, has
such a voice
I speak the language nutuyôtowá,
s/he speaks the language uyôtowá,
you and I speak the Indian language
kutuyôtowámun,
Speak the Indian language! sg yôtowásh,
Speak the Indian language! pl yôtowáq,
that he speaks the Indian language
áyôtowát
Áyôtowáyôn, nutuyutáhá noskin:
When I speak the Indian language, I feel
new.
uyôtowáwôk, NI language
languages uyôtowáwôkansh,
in the language uyôtowáwôkanuk
Kuyôtowáwôkun sayakat: Our
language is difficult.
uyuqôm-, VAI he dreams
I dream nutuyuqôm,
s/he dreams uyuqôm,
you and I dream kutuyuqômumun,
Dream! sg uyuqômsh,
Dream! pl uyuqômoq,
that he dreams áyuqôk
Uyuqôm, qá kusi, táhkotáwôk nipatiyá
ahkik: He dreamed, and behold, a ladder
set up on the earth.Gen.29:12
uyuqômuwôk, NI dream
dreams uyuqômuwôkansh,
in the dream uyuqômuwôkanuk
Nuwacônô wicuw uyuqômuwôk: I had
a good dream.
uyutáhá-, VAI he feels so, feels a certain
way (emotionally) ‘one's heart is so,
is thus’
I feel so nutuyutáhá,
s/he feels so uyutáhá,
you and I feel so kutuyutáhámun,
Feel a certain way! sg uyutáhásh,
Feel a certain way! uyutáháq,
Let’s feel a certain way! uyutáhatuk that
he feels a certain way áyutáhát
Áyôtowáyôn, nutuyutáhá noskin:
When I speak the Indian language, I feel
new.
uyutáháwôk, NI emotion, feeling
emotions uyutáháwôkansh,
in the emotions uyutáháwôkanuk
Cáqan uyutáháwôk nukôctomun yo
kisuq?: Which emotion will we hide
today?
W
w’sintamuwôk, NI marriage, wedding
marriages w’sintamuwôkansh,
in a wedding w’sintamuwôkanuk
Náy, niyawun nik.
Nuw’sintamawôkanun ni: Yes, that is
us. That’s our wedding.
w’squni-, VAI he coughs
I cough nohsquni,
s/he coughs w’squni,
you and I cough kohsqunimun,
wacuw
Let’s cough! w’squnituk,
Cough! sg w’squnish,
Cough! pl wucsháq,
that I cough wáhsquniyôn,
that he coughs wáhsqunit
Wáhsqunit, wámawán mus
máhcunáwak: Whenever he coughs,
everyone will be sick.
wac, NI a (bird’s) nest
nests wacash
in the nest wacuk
Kohkokihsak ayuwak wacuk: The little
owls were in their nest.
wacôn-, VTA he has him
I have him nuwacônô,
s/he has him wacônáw,
you and I have him kuwacônômun, Let’s
have him! wacônutuk,
Have him! sg wacôn,
Have him! pl wacônohq,
that he has him wáconôt
Mus wacônáw uy n’hshum: I will have
her for my daughter-in-law. Mut
nuwacônô awán, cánaw Manto: I have
no one, only God. FF
wacônum-, VTI he has it, keeps it
I keep it nuwacônum,
s/he keeps it wacônum,
you and I keep it kuwacônumumun,
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Let’s keep it! wacônumutuk,
Keep it! sg wacônumsh,
Keep it! pl wacônumoq,
that he keeps it wácônuk
Nutaposuwôk-cupukamukanuk,
nuwacônum ahutanishunimuk wôk: In
my kitchen, I have a stove also. Wiqam
mut mô kuwacônum, totay ápuhutut
kukucohkônak: Didn't you have a
[Indian] house where your dolls lived?
Nuwacônumumun yoht wáci napukak:
We keep a fire for the dead. Kunámumô
cahshinsh wácônumak yotay? : Do you
see how much we have here? Cumôkusu
inskitôp mut wacônum munish: Poor
Indian he has no money. FF
wacuw, NI hill, mountain
hills wacuwash, on the hill wacuwuk
Páwihsa, qi wacuwuk wici
nahakánônak mus kukinum wámi ni?
: Okay, will you carry all of that up the
hill with us? Môyiyam ahkik, qá
nánukshak: musunum wacuwash, qá
nish pákutiyáks: He looks on the earth,
and it trembles: he touchs the hills, and
they smoke.PS.104:32
wahakay, NI nut shell, hull, husk, fish
scale
hulls wahakayash,
in the nut shell wahakayuk
Wahakay minkiyuw: The hull is hard.
wanáytam-, VTI he forgot it
I forgot it nuwanáytam,
s/he forgot it wanáytam,
you and I forgot it kuwanáytamumun-,
Let’s forget it! wanáytamutuk,
Forget it! sg wanáytamsh,
Forget it! pl wanáytamoq,
that he forgot it wanáytak
Niwuci Manto mutu payisuw,
wanáytak kutayhkôsuwôkansh: For
God is not so unrighteous to forget your
work. Heb.6:10
wanáytamhiyá-, VTA+Obj he causes
him to forget it
I cause him to forget it
nuwanáytamhiyá,
s/he causes him to forget it
wanáytamhiyáw,
you and I cause him to forget it
kuwanáytamhiyáwômun,
Cause him to forget it! sg
wanáytamhiyáw,
Cause him to forget it! pl
wanáytamhiyáwohq,
that he causes him to forget it
wanáytamhiyáwôt
Náh uyôhtumwak nuskitôpak
wanáytamhiyáhutut nuwisuwôk: They
think they cause my people to forget my
name.Jer.23:27
wani, ADV without, destitute of
Ô nihtokamuq wani muni: He went
to school without money.
wapunak, NA air
in the air wapunakuk
Qá i wámi pupunshásak
mamáhcikisuk… wáh numiyuqak wuci
micuwôk nishnuw askasqáyuw
máskiht And to all fowls of the air…I
have given for meat every green
herb.Gen.1:30
wasapáyu-, VII it is thin, slender
it is thin wasapáyuw,
they are thin wasapáyush
that it is thin wásapák,
that they are thin wásapáks
Wásqak punitôk wasapáyuw: The
sharp knife is slender.
waskici, PREP on the surface of, over,
above, upon
Waskici piyôkut nutap: I am on top of
the blanket.
waskicikamuq, NI roof ‘house top’
roofs waskicikamuqash,
on the roof waskicikamuquk
Yo waskicikamuq: Here is the roof.
waskitôp, NA a man, soldier, warrior
warriors waskitôpak
on a warrior waskitôpuk
Sun kisk nit waskitôp ôqanumwihiyô
kitiyayôkah?: Is it a day when a man
torments his soul?Is.58:5
watáwatôqusuwôk, NI a voice
voices watáwatôqusuwôkansh
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in the voice watáwatôqusuwôkanuk
Mutu pish putamukhtiyá
watáwatôqusuwôk tawomawákanuk:
He shall not cause his voice to be heard
in the street.Is.40:6
watunum-, VTI he receives it, obtains it
I receive it nuwatunum,
s/he receives it watunum,
you and I receive it kuwatunumumun,
Let’s receive it! watunumutuk
Obtain it! sg watunumsh,
Obtain it! pl watunumoq,
that he obtains it wátunuk
Manto kutayunamawuq qá mus
kuwatunum mihkikuwôk wuci Manto:
God helps you and you will get strength
from God. FF
wayô-, VII it is sunset, sundown
it is sunset wayôw,
that it is sunset wáyôk,
whenever it is sunset wáyôks
Wayôw! Wiyôqat wayôwôk! : The sun
is setting! A beautiful sunset!
wáci-, PREVERB in order that, so that, so
as to, for the purpose of
Côci kutayunumawumô micuwôk
mákunumôn, wáciwuyôkpwuyak: You
(all) should help me pick food, so that we
can have supper.
wáh, PREVERB may or can; combined
with a verb it shows possibility
Nákum wáh ôqatantam: He may
recompense it.Job34:33
wáh-, VTA he knows him
I know him nuwáhô,
s/he knows him wáháw,
you and I know him kuwáhômun,
Know him! sg wáh,
Know him! pl wáhohq,
that he knows him wáhôt
Nákumôw nuwáhô, yotay apuwak: I
know them, they are right here!
wáhsumowôk, NI emitted light, a
shining forth
emitted lights wáhsumowôkansh
in the light wáhsumowôkanuk
Wáhsumowôk piyômuw wuci
kinikanik ayômi sákák tupkuwuk: A
light is coming from the window into the
dark night.
wáhsumun-, VII it shines, gives forth
bright light
it shines wáhsumun,
they shine wáhsumunsh,
that it shines wáhsumuk,
whenever it shines wáhsumuks
Qá kihtotán mutu qináwhiko kisusq
asu mut wiyon wáhsumák,
sôhsumuwôk Manto wáhsumun: And
the city did not need the sun or the moon
to light it, the glory of God gave forth
light.Rev.21:23
wáhsumá-, VTI it shines upon it
it shines on it wáhsumá,
they shine on it wáhsumásh,
that it shines on it wáhsumák,
whenever it shines on it wáhsumáks
Niwuci Manto, náh iwanup wiqayuh
wáhsumát wuci páhkinum: For God,
who commanded the light to shine out of
darkness…2Cor.4:6
wáhto-, VTI he knows it
I know it nuwáhto,
s/he knows it wáhtôw,
you and I know it kuwáhtomun,
Know it! sg wáhtawush,
Know it! pl wáhtawoq,
that he knows it wáhtôk
Yo wôk wáhtawush, mawmacish
kiskash nunuqi qôpáyuwôkansh pish
piyômush: This know also, that in the
last days perilous times shall come.2Tim.3.1
Manto wiko sômi wáhtôw wámi
cáqansh: God is good because he knows
all things. FF
wákawunum-, VTI he stirs it
I stir it nuwákawunum,
s/he stirs it wákawunum,
you and I stir it kuwákawunumumun,
Stir it! sg wákawunumsh,
Stir it! pl wákawunumoq,
that he stirs it wákawunuk
Wákawanumsh sápahik naspi kiyamô:
Stir the soup with the spoon.
wámi, PART all, every
Qá pásowawaw wámi máhcunáhutut
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skitôpak ôkapuniyá naspi piyowi
inuniyáwôkansh tá ôqamámowôkansh:
They brought unto him all sick people
that were taken with divers diseases and
torments.Mt.4:24
Wámi cáqansh iwák Manto wustôw
yush: All things say God made them.FF
wánuks, NA white person, white man
white people wánuksak,
on the white person wánuksuk
Wánuksak yôhtumak wáhtôwak wámi:
White men think they know all. FF
wápáyu-, VII it is windy, there is a wind
it is windy wápáyuw,
that it is windy wápák,
whenever it is windy wápáks
T’kayuw yo tupkuw; wápáyuw wámi
yo kisk: Cold tonight; windy all today. FF
wápimá-, VII it arises, goes upward
it arises wápimo,
they arise wápimosh,
when it arises wápimok,
whenever it arises wápimoks
Nákumôw pish wápino pakowônuwôk
wuci mawôk: They shall raise up a cry
of destruction.Is.15:5
wápino-, VAI he arises, goes upward
I arise nuwápino,
s/he arises wápino,
you and I arise kuwápinomun,
Arise! sg wápinosh,
Arise ! pl wápinoq,
that he arises wápinot
Iyo wôk wápino wuski kihtasot Egypt:
Now there arose a new king over
Egypt.Ex.1:8
wápisi, PREP above (animate?)
Qá pish nuhsháw nuqut psuksihsah, ki
wisquk wápisi pámôtak nupik: And he
must kill one small bird, in an earthen
vessel above running (living) water.Lev.14:5
wáskicipuskq, NI the top of a rock, a
cliff
the summit wáskicipuskqash
at the summit wáskicipuskquk
Ponam wáskicipuskquk; mutu
sáhkinum kik: She put it upon the top of
a rock; she poured it not upon the
ground.Ezek.24:7
wátsum-, VTI he roasts it
I roast it nuwátsum,
s/he roasts it wátsum,
you and I roast it kuwátsumumun,
Roast it! sg wátsumsh,
Roast it! pl wátsumoq,
that he roasts it wátsuk
Wátsumtuk kôkci áskot: Let’s roast the
great pumpkin.
wáwápi, PREP above, high up, upward
Wáwápi mihkunumoq : Hold it up.
wáwôpaks, NI shirt
shirts wáwôpaksash,
on the shirt wáwôpaksuk
Katunumsh kuwáwôpaks, qá
nutôc’tiyáw: Take off your shirt, and I
will mend it.
wáwôtam-, VAI he is careful, cunning,
wise
I am careful nuwáwôtam,
s/he is careful wáwôtam,
you and I kuwáwôtamumun, Let’s be
careful! wáwôtamutuk,
Be careful! sg wáwôtamsh,
Be careful! pl wáwôtamoq,
that he is careful wáwôtak
Natotumsh sôcum; wáwôtam: Ask the
chief; he is wise.
wáwôtam, NA wise man
wise men wáwôtamak
on the wise men wáwôtamuk
Niwuci wámi wáwôtamak uk
nutasotamuwôkanuk mutu tápinum
wáhtiyáwahiqô ni uyôhtumuwôk: All
the wise men of mykingdom are not able
to make known unto me the
interpretation.Dan.4:18
wi, ADV well, good
Wikun! Wi kuqaqimô: Good! You all
run well.
wicáw-, VTA he goes with him,
accompanies him
I go with him nuwicáwô, s/he goes with
him wicáwáw, You and I go with him
kuwicawômun, Let’s go with him!
wicáwutuk,
Go with him! sg wicáw,
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Go with him! pl wicáwoq,
that he goes with him wicáwôt
Côci nuwicáwôwak? : Should I go with
him? Táput ni wicáwiyáq: Thanks for
coming with me. Cimi côhtam wámi
skitôpak wicáwak Tipi yaqi yohtuk:
Always he wants all men to go with the
Devil to the fires. FF
wici, PREP with, along with (‘with’ in the
sense of accompaniment or ‘along
with’, not as for an instrument)
Noah sôpwiyusiwin…qá Noah wici
pumshamun Manto: Noah was a just
man…and Noah walked with God.Gen.6:9
wicuw, NI a house, a dwelling-place
houses wicômash,
at the house wicômuk
Wicuw mut mô kuwacônum, totay
ápuhutut kukucohkônak? : Didn't you
have a house where your dolls lived?
wihco-, VAI he smiles
I smile nuwihco, s/he smiles wihco, you
and I smile kumihcomun,
Smile! sg wihcosh, Smile! pl wihcoq,
that he smiles wihcot
Wihcot, niyanusuw kisusq: When she
smiles, it is like the sun.
wihkum-, VTA he calls him, summons
him
I call him nuwihkumô,
s/he calls him wihkumáw,
you and I call him kuwihkumômun,
Let’s call him! Wihkumutuk,
Call him! sg wihkum,
Call him! pl wihkumohq,
that he calls him wihkumôt
Wucinah wihkumiyan, kuputôsh:
When you call me, I hear you; Wucinah
wihkumuyôn, kuputawi: When I call
you, you hear me; Wucinah
wihkumiyak, kuputôyumun: When you
call us, we hear you; Wucinah
wihkumiyáq, kuputôyumô: When you
(all) call me, I hear you; Wucinah
wihkumuyak, kuputawumun: When
we call you, you hear us.
wihpqat-, VII it tastes good, is good to
eat
it tastes good wihpqat,
they taste good wihpqatash
that they taste good wihpqáhk,
that they taste good wihpqáhks
Páhki ni wihpqat, wipi mutu mus
numicun yo kisuq: That sounds good to
eat, but I won't eat any today.
wihqi, PREP as far as
…qá wuci táwiyu wihqi sipok: and
from the desert to the river…Ex.23:31
wihqitumaw-, VTA he asks him for it,
asks it of him (kuwihqitumôsh:
‘please’)
I ask him for it nuwihqitumawô,
s/he asks him for it wihqitumawáw,
you and I ask him for it
kuwihqitumawômun,
Ask him for it! sg wihqitumaw,
Ask him for it! pl wihqitumawôhq, that
he asks him for it wihqitumawôt
Qá ôqánumwut wihqitumaw Manto:
And when he was in affliction he
entreated God.2Chr.33.:12
wihqsh, NI the end, the utmost limit
the limits wihqshash
on the limit wihqshuk
Wuci wihqsh pasuq wuyupaw yin
wihqshuk ôkutak, páyaqisqanákát:
From the uttermost part of the one wing
to the uttermost part of the other were
ten-cubits.1K.6:24
wihqshiyá-, VII it reaches to, ends at
it reaches to wihqshiyát,
they reach to wihqshiyásh
when it reaches to wihqshiyáhk,
whenever it reaches to wihqshiyáhks
Qá susupáwôk i sáhwushá yaqi
kihtahanuk qá wihqshiyáw sipuk: And
their border went up toward the sea and
reached to the river.Josh.19:11
wihshákan, NI body hair (of a person),
hair of an animal singular indicates a
single strand of hair
hairs wihshákansh,
in the hairs wihshákanuk
my hair nuwihshákansh,
his hair uwihshákansh
Áhqi musunumsh wihshákan
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kunôkanuk: Don’t touch a hair on his
head!
wikáyuwôk, NI a sweet, something
sweet
sweets wikáyuwôkansh,
in the sweets wikáyuwôkanuk
Wikáyuwôk wuci kisi wuyôkpuwôk: a
sweet for after dinner Nuwikimic
wikáyuwôkansh: I like to eat sweets.
wikco-, VAI he is good-looking,
handsome, pretty
I am handsome nuwikco,
s/he is handsome wikco,
you and I are handsome kuwikcomun,
Let’s be pretty! wikcotuk,
Be pretty! sg wikcosh
Be pretty! pl wikcoq
that he is handsome wikcot
Wámi wikcupanik: They were all so
handsome. Aspumi kuwikcumun: We
are still good looking. Mut nuwikináwô
skok cipay. Piyámáq wikco: I do not
like to see the snake spirit. The fish is
handsome. FF
wikimicu-, VTI he likes to eat it
I like to eat it nuwikimic, s/he likes to
eat it wikimicuw, you and I like to eat it
kuwikimicumun,
Like to eatit! sg wikimicush,
Like to eat it! wikimicuq,
that he likes to eat it wikimicuk
Nuwikimic wikáyuwôkansh: I like to
eat sweets.
wikimoh-, VTA he likes to eat him
(contains the preverb wiki- ‘likes to’)
I like to eat him nuwikimohô,
s/he likes to eat him wikimoháw,
you and I like to eat him
kuwikimohômun,
Let’s enjoy eating him wikimohutuk,
Like to eat him! sg wikimosh
Like to eat him! pl wikimoq,
that he likes to eat him wikimohôt
Nuwikimohô piyámáq, qut mut tápi
nutqunô. Nusiwôhtum wuci ni: I like to
eat fish, but I cannot catch one. I am
sorry for that. FF
wikôci, ADV often, commonly
Mô wikôci uwustawun nunánu: My
grandmother used to make it often.
wikôtam-, VTI he likes it, enjoys it
I like it nuwikôtam,
s/he likes it wikôtam,
you and I like it kuwikôtamumun,
Like it! sg wikôtamsh,
Like it! pl wikôtamôq,
that he likes it wikôtak
Nuwikôtamumun nátawahuqiyak: We
enjoy it when they visit. Sômi wátukák,
mut nuwikôtam: Because it is wet, I do
not like it. FF
wikôtamuwôk, NI pleasure, enjoyment,
happiness, rejoicing
pleasures wikôtamuwôkansh,
in the enjoyment wikôtamuwôkanuk
Yosh wikôtamuwôk: These are
enjoyable.
wiksapákat-, VII it is sweet
it is sweet wiksapákat,
they are sweet wiksapákatash
that it is sweet wiksapákáhk,
that they are sweet wiksapákáhks
Wiksapákat Wiyon: Maple Sugar
Moon. Sôhtásh wiksapákatash: The
blueberries are sweet.
wiku-, VAI he is good, good-looking,
pretty [traditional spelling: wigo]
I am good nuwik,
s/he is good wikuw,
you and I are good kuwikumun,
Be good! sg wikush,
Be good! pl wikuq,
that he is good wikut
Manto wikuw: God is good.FF
wikun-, VII it is good, beautiful
[traditional spelling: wigun]
it is good wikun,
they are good wikunsh
that it is good wikuk,
that they are good wikuks
Yo apuwôk wikun: Here is a good
place. Yotay ponamsh. Wikun, tápi:
Put it here. Good, enough. Manto
wikuw: God is good. FF
wimonáyu-, VII it is true, correct
it is true wimonáyuw,
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they are true wimonáyush
that it is true wimonák,
whenever it is true wimonáks
Ni wimonáyuw, Awáhsh, mutáwi
wikun: That is correct, Hawk, very
good! Skitôpak tápi iwák mutáwi,
cáhci iwák mut wimonáyuw uy iwák:
People can say much, half of what they
say is not true as they say it.FF
wimôqat-, VII it smells good
it smells good wimôqat,
they smell good wimôqatash
that it smells good wimôqahk,
that they smell good wimôqahks
Pátôk upihsháwônsh, nik wimôqat:
Whenever he brings flowers, my house
smells good.
wimuqut, ADV really, truly, verily
Cánaw ôkutak inah micuw, sômi
Cáhnamit wimuqut pitôw sápahik
pitôkanuk: It was only the other man
who ate, because Cáhnamit was really
stuffing the soup into the bag.
winay, NA old woman, female elder
old women winayak,
on the old women winayuk
Kaci tupkuw. Mawi nunáwô máhcuná
winay: Already night. I went to see the
sick old woman. FF
winom, NI grape
graps winomunash,
on the grapes winomuk
Másqákish winomash wacônumwak
wiyhuk sipáwôk: The red grapes give
the best juice.
winu, PART very, extremely
Winu nuwuskinupa ôtay: I was very
young then.
winuwáhs, NA wild onion
onions winuwáhsak,
in the onion winuwáhsuk
Squsumsh winuwáhs! : Cut the onion
into small pieces!
wipi, CONJ only, but, rather, instead
(indicates sharper contrast than qut)
Qunimunhanuk nitay apupanik ôtay,
wipi iyo apuwak yotay Mohiksuk:
They lived there on Long Island then, but
now they live here in Mohegan.
wipumá-, VTI he eats it with him, he
shares a meal with him
I eat it with him nuwipumá,
s/he eats it with him wipumá,
you and I eat it with him
kuwipumámun,
Eat it with him! sg wipumásh,
Eat it with him! pl wipumáq,
Let’s eat it! wipumátuk,
that he eat it with him wipumát
Niwuci yok wáh nuwipumuqak
pôhshqá: For they can eat with me at
noon.Gen.43:16
wiqanôtik, NI lamp, candle
lamps wiqanôtikansh,
in the lamp wiqanôtikanuk
Qá yo wiqanôtik: And here is a lamp.
Yo nuwiqanôtikanun: Here is our lamp;
Ni kuwiqanôtikanuw: That’s your
(plural) lamp. Kuwiqanôtikanuwôwash:
Our lamps.
wiqay, NI light
lights wiqayash
in the light wiqayuk
Nokimut wuci wiqayash
wohshuwôwah, wici asu mutu
wutôkátak qushkiyôk áhtá: [It] comes
down from the Father of Lights, with no
turning shadows.Jam.1:17
wiqáhsh, NA swan
swans wiqáhshák,
on the swan wiqáhshák
Máhshakit, wôpisut cits usuwisuw
wiqáhsh: The big, white bird is called a
swan.
wiqáhsun, PART good morning!
[traditional spelling: weegwasun]
Wiqáhsun! Ômkish! Pátôhtáw: Good
Morning. Get up now! It's sunrise.
wiqám, NI wigwam, a round dwelling
made of bent saplings tied at the
crotches with braided seagrass,
covered on the outside with bark,
mats, skins or leafed branches,
covered on the inside with mats or
skins, some embroidered or otherwise
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decorated.
wishq)
wigwams wiqámash,
in the wigwam wiqámuk
Wuc’hkapiyuk ôkhum wiqam: Birch
bark covered the wigwam.
bowls wisqash, in bowls wisquk
Taspowôkanuk pish sipakinumak
onônak qá wuponamunáw wiyôkansh,
tá kiyamôk, tá wisqash, tá ôqhikash
nishnuw apqôsuwash: Upon the table
they shall spread a blue cloth, and
thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and
the bowls and covers to cover each
one.Num.4:7
wiqáshum, NI moonlight
in the moonlight wiqáhsumuk
Mutáhkutuk wiqáhsumuk!: Let’s dance
in the moonlight!
wiqômun, PART welcome, greetings
[traditional spelling: wigwomun]
Wiqômun! Kucôhtam pôhpuyan? :
Greetings, do you want to play?
wis-, VTA he hurts him, injures him,
harms him
I hurt him nuwisô,
s/he hurt him wisáw,
you and I hurt him kuwisômun,
Hurt him! sg wis,
Hurt him! pl wisohq,
that he hurt him wisôt
Manto wikuw sômi mut cáqan
piyômuw wáci nuwisuq: God is good
because nothing comes for the purpose of
hurting me. FF
wisacumus, NI red oak
red oaks wisacumusish,
in the red oak wisacumusik
Wisacumus punsháw wikunuwôwuk:
A red oak fell on their house.
wisay-, VTA he scares him, frightens him
(y-stem)
I scare him nuwisayô,
s/he scares him wisayáw,
you and I scare him kuwisayômun,
Let’s scare him! wisayutuk
Scare him! sg wisas,
Scare him! pl wisayohq,
that he scares him wisayôt
Mutu awán mus wisayáw: No one (not
anybody) will frighten him.
wiski, ADV 1newly, new; 2young, 3in the
beginning
Wiski kátshuk Manto ayum kisuk tá
áhki: In the beginning God created the
heaven and the earth.Gen. 1:1
wisq, NI bowl (alternative spelling:
wisôsu-, VAI he is afraid, frightened,
scared
I am afraid nuwisôs,
s/he is afraid wisáw,
you and I are afraid kuwisômun,
Be afraid! sg wisôsush,
Be afraid! pl wisôsuq,
that he is afraid wisôsut
Kuqushush! Ki kuqushush! Nuks,
nuwisôs: I am afraid of you. I am afraid
of you! Yes, I am afraid!
wisôwáyu-, VII it is yellow
it is yellow wisôwáyuw,
they are yellow wisôwáyush
that it is yellow sg wisôwák,
that they are yellow wisôwáks
Wisôwáyuw yo pôhpaskôk.
Wisôwáyush yosh pôhpaskôkansh:
This ball is yellow. These balls are
yellow. Swukanumsh pôhpaskôk
wisôwák: Throw the yellow ball!
wisôwisu-, VAI he is yellow
I am yellow nuwisôwis,
s/he is yellow wisôwisuw,
you and I are yellow kuwisôwisumun,
that he is yellow wisôwisut,
that they are yellow wisôwisut
Wisôwisuw yo cits. Wisôwisuwak yok
citsak: This bird is yellow. These birds
are yellow. Námsh citsuk wisôwisut:
Look at the yellow bird!
wisuwôk, NI name
name wisuwôkansh,
in a name wisuwôkanuk
my name nuwisuwôk,
his name uwisuwôk
Aquy, *** nuwisuwôk: Hello, *** is my
name. Uwisuwôkanuk Manto, áyuwi
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páhkisut, áyuwi páhkisut: In the name
of God, the most pure, the most pure.
Náh uyôhtumwak nuskitôpak
wanáytamhiyáhutut nuwisuwôk: They
think they cause my people to forget my
name.Jer.23:27
witkám-, VTA he dances with someone
I dance with him nuwitkámô,
s/he dances with him witkámáw,
you and I dance with him
kuwitkámômun, Let’s dance with him!
witkámutuk,
Dance with him! sg witkám, Dance with
him! pl witkámohq, that he dances with
him witkámôt
Witkám wici niyawun: Dance with us!
witupôhtam-, VII it is holy, sacred,
blessed
it is holy witupôhtam,
they are holy witupôhtamsh
that it is holy witupôhtak,
that they are holy witupôhtaks
Wôkumohq sôcum áhtáwôkanuk
witupôhtak: Salute the chief in the place
that is sacred.
wiwaqutum-, VTI he talks about it
I talk about it nuwiwaqutum,
s/he talks about it wiwaqutum,
you and I talk about it
kuwiwaqutumumun,
Talk about it! sg wiwaqutumsh,
Talk about it! pl wiwaqutumoq,
that he talks about it wiwaqutuk
Iyo ‘ayômi’ tá ‘pahqaci’
wiwaqutumutuk: Now let’s talk about
“in” and “out”.
wiwáhcum, NI corn, Indian corn (usually
used in plural)
corn wiwáhcumunsh, \
in the corn wiwáhcumunuk
Yosh wiwáhcumunsh, yo áskot, yosh
masqusitsh: Here is corn, here is a
squash, here are some beans. Wámi
cáqansh wikuwak, punák tá
wiwáhcumunsh: All things are good,
potatoes and corn.FF
wiwis, NA screech owl
screech owls wiwisak
in the owls wiwisuk
Cáhsháyuwôk wuci wiwisak
wut’hkak micumikamuquk: A
family of screech owls lives in our
barn.
wiyawhs, NI meat
meats wiyawhsash,
on the meat wiyawhsuk
Mutu numic wiyawhs nusáhki ahki: I
will eat no flesh while the world
standeth.1Cor.8:13
wiyáwituwôk, NI riches, wealth
lots of riches wiyáwituwôkansh
in the wealth wiyáwituwôkanuk
Wiyáwituwôkash tá qutuyôtuwôk
nuwicinayiyutam, nuks sipáhtuwi
wiyáwituwôk ôk sôpwiyusiwôk: Riches
and honour are with me; yea, enduring
riches and righteousness.Prov.8:18
wiyôqutum-, VTI speak of, reason,
consult together [these talks are
reciprocal and collective]
I speak of it nuwiyôqutum,
s/he speak of it wiyôqutum,
you and I speak of it
kuwiyôqutumumun,
Speak of it! sg wiyôqutumsh,
Speak of it! pl wiyôqutumoq,
Let’s speak of it! wiyôqutumutuk
that he speaks of it wiyôqutuk
Wiyôqutum sáhamowôk wunicônah:
He spoke of the departure of the
children.Heb.11:22
wiyôqutôsu-, VAI he is spoken of
I am nuwiyôqutôs,
s/he is spoken of wiyôqutôsuw,
you and I are spoken of
kuwiyôqutôsumun,
Be spoken of! sg wiyôqutôsush,
Be spoken of! pl wiyôqutôsuq,
that s/he is spoken of wiyôqutôsut
Yo wôk náh usit pish wiyôqutôsuw,
wuci mihqôtamowôk nákum: This also
she has done shall be spoken of for a
memorial of her.Mk.14:9
wiyayu-, VAI he is happy
I am happy nuwiyay,
s/he is happy wiyayuw,
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you and I are happy kuwiyayumun,
Let’s be happy! wiyayutuk
Be happy! sg wiyayush,
Be happy! pl wiyayuq,
that he is happy wiyayut
Yo kisk wiyayuw: Today he is happy.
Pásawum nohsak! Nuwus’huqak
wiyayuyôn: Bring my grandchildren!
They make me happy. Nuwus’huwôwak
wiyayuhutut: I make them happy.
Námsh ni! Wiyayuwak: Look at that!
They are happy.FF
wiyámo-, VAI he is healthy, well
I am well nuwiyámo,
s/he is well wiyámo,
you and I are well kuwiyámomun,
Be healthy! sg wiyámosh,
Be healthy! pl wiyámoq,
that he is well wiyámot
Manto wikuw, miyáw wámi wáci
wiyámowôk wáci wiyámot, niwuci
wikuw: God is good, he gives all toward
health for the purpose of being well, so
that one can be good. FF
wiyi, ADV happily
Wiyi sáhqutáham wiwahcumunush:
She happily pounded the corn.
wiyon, NA moon, month
moons wiyonak, in a month wiyonuk
Wiyon kunamsh: Look at the moon. Yo
tupkuw wiyon wikuw: Tonight the
moon is clear. FF
wiyôk, NI dish, plate
dishes wiyôkansh
in the dishes wiyôkanuk
Taspowôkanuk pish sipakinumak
onônak qá wuponamunáw wiyôkansh,
tá kiyamôk, tá wisqash, tá ôqhikash
nishnuw apqôsuwash: Upon the table
they shall spread a blue cloth, and
thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and
the bowls and covers to cover each
one.Num.4:7
wiyôko, ADV yesterday
Kupqat, mucáq kon kisusq pátôhtá
wiyôko: Cloudy day, snow gone at sun
rising yesterday.FF
wiyôqat-, VII it looks like good weather,
it is a nice day
it is a nice day wiyôqat,
they are nice days wiyôqatash
that the day is nice wiyôqáhk,
whenever it is a nice day wiyôqáhks
Wiyôqat, kisusq pátôhtá: Good
weather, sun is rising. FF
woshunumun-, VTI he opens it
I open it nuwoshunumun,
s/he opens it woshunumun,
you and I open it kuwoshunumunumun,
Open it! sg woshunumunsh,
Open it! pl woshunumunoq,
that he opens it woshunumunuk
Qá woshunumuk shwut seali, nunotá
shwut pinashim yowán, “Piyôsh qá
námsh”: And when he had opened the
third seal, I heard the third beast say,
Come and see.Rev.6.5
woyi-, VAI he is happy, secure
I am happy noyi,
s/he is happy woyi,
you and I are happy koyimun,
Be happy! sg woyish,
Be happy! pl woyiq,
that he is happy woyit
Koyi: You are happy.Deut.33:29
wôcak, PRON everybody
Wôcak ôkutak, yokcáwi môciq:
Everybody else, go over there!
wôk, PART also, too
Nukôkicá wôk: I am well too.
Wutayunamaw wámi cáqansh,
skitôpak, wôk: He helps all things,
people too. FF
wôkáyu-, VII it is crooked
it is crooked wôkáyuw,
they are crooked wôkáyush
that it is crooked wôkák,
that they are crooked wôkáks
Yo wutqun wôkayuw: This stick is
crooked.
wôks, NA fox
foxes wôksak, on the fox wôksuk
Áhsup uyáw wôksuk, “Cáqan
micuwak wôksak?”: Raccoon says to
fox, “What do foxes eat?” Nunáwô
wôks yo yôpôwi ta haun natskawáw
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wôksuh: I saw a fox early this morning
and a hound chasing the fox.FF
wôkum-, VTA he greets him, salutes him,
embraces him
I greet him nuwôkumá,
s/he greets him owôkumá, you and I
greet him kuwôkumômun, Let’s greet
him! wôkumutuk, Greet him! sg
wôkum, Greet him! pl wôkumohq, that
he greets him wôkumôt
Wôkumohq sôcum áhtáwôkanuk
witupôhtak: Salute the chief in the place
that is sacred.
wôm, NI egg
eggs wômansh,
on the eggs wômanuk
Kátunamsh wômansh: Take the eggs
out. Wômansh tápi nutônqshô,
nuwacônô cánaw kôcuci muni, ôtay
mut nunupayon wuci yôtumôk: Eggs I
can sell, I have only a little money, so
then I don’t die of hunger.FF
wômiyo, ADV downward
Mutu wômiyo. Qi qaqituk: Not
downward. Let’s run upward.
wômôhtam-, VTI he loves it
I love it nuwômôhtam,
s/he loves it wômôhtam,
you and I loves it kuwômôhtamumun,
Let’s love it! wômôhtamutuk,
Love it! sg wômôhtamsh,
Love it! pl wômôhtamoq,
that she loves it wômôhtak
Wámi cáqansh wômôhtam, wámi
skitôpáh wômôyáw: He loves
everything, he loves everybody. Manto
wustôw wáci Tipi qá maci
wômôhtamak: God made it for the
purpose of the Devil and those who love
evil.FF
wômôsun-, VAI he is kind
I am kind nuwômôsun,
s/he is kind wômôsun,
you and I are kind wômôsunumun,
Be kind! sg wômôsunsh,
Be kind! pl wômôsunuq,
that he is kind wômôsunut
Wômôsunumun wámi cupáyuwôkanuk
wuci pumôtamuwôkansh: We are kind
in all parts of our lives.
wômôsunuwôk, NI kindness
kindnesses wômôsunuwôkansh
in kindness wômôsunuwôkanuk
Pumôtam wômôsunuwôkanuk: She
lives in kindness.
wômôy-, VTA he loves him
I love him nuwômôyô,
s/he loves him wômôyáw,
you and I love him kuwômôyômun,
Let’s love him! wômôyutuk
Love him sg wômôs,
Love him! pl wômôyohq,
that he loves him wômôyôt
Kuwômôyush wôk: I love you too.
Wámi cáqansh wômôhtam, wámi
skitôpáh wômôyáw: He loves
everything, he loves everybody. Nuks,
wámi skitôpák nuwômôyô: Yes, I love
every person (everybody). Niwuci
skitôpak côci wômôyáw Manto: That is
why people must love God.FF
wômôyásu-, VAI he is loving
I am loving nuwômôyás, s/he is loving
wômôyásuw, you and I are loving
kuwômôyásumun,
Be loving! sg wômôyásush, Be loving! pl
wômôyásuq, that he is loving
wômôyásut
Wômôyásush wici kuniconak: Be
loving with your children.
wômôyásuwi, ADV of love, lovingly
Naquti wômôyásuwi kayoyuqak
wucáhsháyuwôk: He always speaks
lovingly to his family.
wômôyáw-, VTA she loves him, is kind
to him
I love him nuwômôyáwô, s/he loves him
wômôyáw, you and I love him
kuwômôyáwômun, love him! sg
wômôyáw, love him! pl wômôyohq,
Let’s love him! wômôyáwutuk that s/he
loves him wômôyáwôt
Wáhtôw wômôyáwôt, sômi wômôyáw:
He knows that she loves him, because
she is kind to him.
wômôyáwôk, NI love (abstract)
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in love wômôyáwôkanuk
Wômôyáwôk mihkunum ayômi
qáshuwtuwôk it wikun: Love holds
within it a promise to do good.
wômôyihtáwi, ADV kindly
Wômôyihtáwi kayoy i awán
nákuskawôt: He speaks kindly to
anyone that he meets.
wômôyutan-, VAI they love each other
we love each other nuwôyôyutanumun,
he loves her wôyôyutan,
Love each other! wôyôyutanoq,
Let’s love each other! wôyôyutanutuk
that they love each other wôyôyutak
Mus wômôyutan mucimi: They will
love each other forever.
wômôyutaniwin, NA lover
lovers wômôyutaniwinak
in the lovers wômôyutaniwinuk
Wômôyutaniwinak wikôci piyôwak
yotay kikátohkahutut: Lovers often
come here to talk.
wômôyutuwôk, NI love (noun) ‘loving
each other’
loves wômôyutuwôkansh,
in love wômôyutuwôkanuk
Nuks, wômôyutuwôkanuk ni! : Yes, I
am in love.
wômsu-, VAI he goes down, descends
I descend nuwôms,
s/he descends wômsuw,
you and I descend kuwômsumun,
Go down! sg wômsush,
Go down! pl wômsuq,
that he goes down wômsut
Páwihsa, i kahak nuwômsumun: Okay,
we are coming down to you.
wômôsunuwôk, NI love (in exercise, or
directed to an object), kindness
(manifested)
kindnesses wômôsunuwôkansh
in the kindness wômôsunuwôkanuk
Wáh wáhtiyáwô ahci máhsuk
wiyáwituwôk kutiyamôtiyônutuwôk uk
wômôyásuwôk i kahakánônak: He
might show the exceeding riches of his
grace in his kindness towards us.Eph.2:7
wôpan-, VII it is sunrise, dawn
it is sunrise wôpan,
that it is sunrise wôpak,
whenever it is sunrise wôpaks
Wôpan qá tohki: It is dawn and he
awakes.
wôpanayo, ADV east, eastward
Wôpanayo ôq: Go east.
wôpani, ADV all night
Apná qá wutinah pumshák
wôpani…qá papaspushák wámi
Pután: Abner and his men walked all
night…and passed through wall of
Bithron.2Sam.2:29
wôpas, NA an elk
elks wôpasak
on the elk wôpasuk
Wôpasak pumsháwak papaspi yo
oyôkoway: The elk travel through this
valley.
wôpáyu-, VII it is white [traditional
spelling: wombi]
it is white wôpáyuw,
they are white wôpáyush,
that it is white wôpák,
that they are white wôpáks
Wôpáyuw yo pôhpaskôk. Wôpáyush
yosh pôhpaskôkansh: This ball is white.
These balls are white. Wôpák
pôhpaskôk misum: Give me the white
ball. Nis wôpáks pôhpaskôkansh
misum: Give me two white balls.
wôpisu-, VAI he is white
he is white nuwôpis,
s/he is white wôpisuw,
you and I are white kuwôpisumun,
that he is white wôpisut,
that they are white wôpisut
Yo cits wôpisuw. Yok citsak
wôpisuwak: This bird is white. These
birds are white. Numihkunô wôpisut
cits: I am holding the white bird. Shwi
wôpis’hutut citsak misum: Give me
three white birds.
wôpsuq, NA eagle, bald eagle (probably
originally the word for the bald eagle,
not the golden eagle)
eagles wôpsuqák,
on the eagle wôpsuqák
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Awáyáhsak yok. Noy’hc, toyupáhs,
skôks, wôpsuq, tá muks: These are
animals. Deer, turtle, skunk, eagle, and
wolf.
wôpum, NI chestnut ‘white nut’
chestnuts wôpumunsh,
in the chestnut wôpumunuk
Wátsumsh wôpumunsh waskici yoht! :
Roast the chestnuts over the fire!
wôpumus, NI chestnut tree
chestnut trees wôpumusash,
in the chestnut tree wôpumusuk
Wôpumus yumwáy wôpum: The
chestnut tree is full of chestnuts.
wôpusákáyu-, VII it is gray
it is gray wôpusákáyuw, they are gray
wôpusákáyush
that it is gray wôpusákáyuk, whenever it
is gray wôpusákáyuks
Kisuq wôpusákáyuw ni kisk: The sky
was gray that day.
wôpusákisu-, VAI he is gray
I am gray nuwôpusákis,
s/he is gray wôpusákisuw,
you and I are gray kuwôpusákisumun,
that he is gray wôpusákisuk
that they are gray wôpusákisut
Misum nis wôpusákisuk citsak: Give
me two gray birds.
wôqutuwôk, NI an embrace, a hug, a
gesture of greeting
hugs wôqutuwôkansh,
in the embrace wôqutuwôkanuk
Iwash ‘Aquy’ qá mis wôqutuwôk! : Say:
‘Hello’ and give him a hug!
wôtamowôk, NI wisdom
wisdoms wôtamowôkansh
in the wisdom wôtamowôkanuk
Qá ayunamawáw Sáyámanah
wôtamowôk qá owohtamowôk mohci,
qá mushi kushitáh: And He gave
Solomon wisdom and understanding
exceedingly much, and largeness of
heart.1King4:29
wôtam-, VAI he is wise
I am wise nuwôtam,
s/he is wise wôtam,
you and I are wise kuwôtamumun,
Be wise! sg wôtamásh,
Be wise! pl wôtamáq,
that he is wise wôtamát
Nit sáhamwak wáh námwak áhta
ayak, qá namihuw wáskitôpah apu
situk qá wôtam: Then they went out to
see what was done, and found the man
sitting at his feet and in his right
mind.Luk.8:35
wôtamwushá-, VAI he becomes wise
I become wise nuwôtamwushá,
s/he becomes wise wôtamwushá,
you and I become wise
kuwôtamwushámun,
Become wise! sg wôtamwushásh,
Become wise pl wôtamwusháq,
Let’s become wise! wôtamwushátuk
that s/he becomes wise wôtamwushát
Qá Peter wôtamwusháw, yowán, “Iyo
páhku nuwáhto”: And when Peter was
come to himself, he said, “Now I know
clearly.”Act.12:11
wôtamwi, ADV wisely
Ayunamawáw Davidah, kihtasotah,
wôtamwi wunámônah: He gave David,
the king, a wise son.2Chr.2:12
wôwistam-, VTI he obeys it
I obey it nuwôwistam,
s/he obeys it wôwistam,
you and I obey it kuwôwistamumun,
Let’s obey it! wôwistamutuk,
Obey it! sg wôwistamsh,
Obey it! pl wôwistamoq,
that he obeys it wôwistak
Mohci, wámi kuwôwistamumun
Manto uwikôtamuwôk: Verily, we will
all obey the will of God.
wôwôsôpshá-, VII there is lightning,
lightning flashes
there is lightning wôwôsôpshá,
that there is lightning wôwôsôpshák,
whenever there is lightning
wôwôsôpsháks
Muskamsh putáqhôk wôwôsôpshák:
Find cover when there is lightning!
wucamq, NI bottom [e.g. the bottom of
the sea]
at the bottom wucamquk
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Cáhnamit pasksháhsan nupik qá
qutásháw wucamquk wuci kihtahan:
Cáhnamit fell into the water and drowned
at the bottom of the ocean.
wuci, PREP from, of, for
Cits kátunaw wuci wisq: Remove the
bird from the bowl. Mut tápi
nuwacônum cáqan cánaw wuci Manto:
I cannot have anything only from God. FF
wucina, PART since, ‘from that’
Mut nunáwô awán wucina Sôtáy Rosse
Skeezucks piyô yotay: I have not seen
anyone since the Sunday Rosse
Skeezucks came here. FF
wucshá-, VII it goes from, comes from (a
place)
it goes from (a place) wucshá,
they go from (a place) wucshásh
that it goes from (a place) wácshák,
that they go from (a place) wácsháks
Micuwôk wucshá ki: Food comes from
the land.
wucshá-, VAI he goes from, comes from
(a place)
I come from (a place) nocshá,
s/he comes from (a place) wucshá,
you and I come from (a place)
kocshámun,
Come from (a place)! sg wucshásh,
Come from (a place)! pl wucsháq,
that he comes from (a place) wácshát
Kiyawun wámi wucshák Manto, qá
yaqi nákum mus kuputukimun: We all
come from God, and to him will we
return.
wunáhcukamuq, NI chimney,
smokehole
chimneys wunáhcukamuqash,
in a chimney wunáhcukamuquk
Wunáhcukamuq áhtá kikuk? : Is there
a chimney on your house? Yo
nuwunáhcukamuq: Here is my
chimney.
wunipaq, NI leaf
leaves wunipaqash,
in the leaves wunipaquk
Numukunum ákowi wunipaqash: I
gather the leaves in vain.
wus, NI edge, rim, hem
edges wusásh, on the edge wusák
Wus wuci wukusawôk nuskinôqat: The
hem of her skirt is dirty. Páhquyuwôk
áhtá wusák wuci tatamwáwic: A break
is on the rim of the cup.
wusámi, ADV too, extremely, very
greatly
Cáhnamit uwisuwôk, wusámi
wikimicuwin, wusámipowin: His name
was Cáhnamit, he loves to eat too much,
the glutton.
wusápi, ADV thinly
…asu wásapi tukunikash
susiqunumuk pum: or wafers
anointed with oil.Lev.2:4
wusámipowin, NA a glutton
gluttons wusámipowinak,
on the glutton wusámipowinuk
Qut Cáhnamit, wusámipowin,
háhanuw qá iwá: ‘Piyôsh! Mutu
áhqish! Mutu nuyumwáhô aspumi.’ :
But Cáhnamit, the glutton, laughed and
said: ‘Come on! Don’t stop! I am not
full yet.’
wuskanim, NI seed, seed corn
seeds wuskanimunsh,
on the seed wuskanimunuk
Maskihc wuskanimunsh micuwak
áyiqsak: Ants eat grass seeds.
wuskáyu-, VII it is new
it is new wuskáyuw,
they are new wuskáyush
that it is new wáskák,
whenever they are new wáskáks
Yosh môyakansh wuskáyuw: These
clothes are new. Wáskáks môyákansh,
wikunsh: Whenever clothes are new,
they look good.
wuskin, NA youth, young man
young men wuskinak,
on the youth wuskinuk
Shwi wuskinak piyô wuci
wuyôkpuwôk sáp: Three young men
are coming for dinner tomorrow.
wuskini, ADV of youth, youthfully
Cáyhsak wuskini mutáhkák
môwáwiwôkanuk: The elders
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danced youthfully at the gathering.
wuskinowôk, NA youth, the season of
youth
seasons of youth wuskinowôkansh,
in his youth wuskinowôkanuk
Kisqutuw wuskinowôkanuk, wipi
iyo wutáh ciqunaput: He was angry
in his youth, but now his heart is
quiet.
wuskinu-, VAI he is young, new
I am young nuwuskin, noskin,
s/he is young wuskinuw,
you and I are young kuwuskinumun,
koskinumun,
that he is young wáskinut
Ôkatuq Áyasunôt nitay. Mutáwi
wuskinuw! Canaw páhpohs: There
is Leading Cloud. She was very
young. She was just a child! Winu
nuwuskin ôtay: I was very young.
wuskhwôsu-, VAI he writes
I write noskhwôs,
s/he writes wuskhwôsuw,
you and I write koskhwôsumun,
Let’s write wuskhwôsutuk
Write! sg wuskhwôsush,
Write! pl wuskhwôsuq,
that I write wáskhwôsuyôn,
that he writes wáskhwôsut
Wuskhwôsuw papômi awipuk, wipi
mutu wuyohtiyôk áhtá wutáhuk: He
writes about the calm of peace, but no
peace is in his heart.
wuskhwôsuwôk, NI pencil, pen ‘what
you write with’
pens wuskhwôsuwôkansh,
on the pen wuskhwôsuwôkanuk
Koskhwôs wuci wuskhwôsuwôk, wipi
mutu tôkamat: A pencil is for writing,
but not for stabbing him.
wuski-, INIT new
Iyo wôk wápino wuskikihtasot Egypt:
Now there arose a new king over
Egypt.Ex.1:8
wuskinu-, VAI he is young, new
I am young nuwuskin, noskin,
s/he is young wuskinuw,
you and I young kuwuskinumun,
koskinumun,
that he is young wáskinut
Ôkatuq Áyasunôt nitay. Mutáwi
wuskinuw! Canaw páhpohs: There is
Leading Cloud. She was very young. She
was just a child! Winu nuwuskin ôtay: I
was very young.
wusômi, PART too much, too many, too
(not too in the sense of also)
Wuták nitay wusômi kumushakimô
kiyaw nis! Áyuwi piwsihsuq: You two
are too big behind there! Make
yourselves smaller.
wusqan-, VII it is sharp
it is sharp wusqan,
they are sharp wusqansh
that it is sharp wásqak,
that they are sharp wásqaks
Wásapak punitôk wusqan: The slender
knife is sharp. Wásqaks punitôk, côci
wutowôtamsh: Whenever the knife is
sharp, you must be careful.
wusqat, NI walnut tree
walnut trees wusqatash,
in the walnut tree wusqatuk
Wusqatômunak apqôsuw ki aqu
wusqat: Walnuts covered the ground
under the walnut tree.
wusqatôm, NA walnut
walnut wusqatômunak,
in the walnut wusqatômunuk
Wusqatômunak apqôsuw ki aqu
wusqat: Walnuts covered the ground
under the walnut tree.
wusqhun, NA a dove
doves wusqhunak
on the dove wusqhunuk
Wusqhunak pátunáhshowak
w’sintamuwôkanuk: The doves were
made to fly at the wedding.
wusqik, NI book, letter, writing
books wusqikansh,
in the book wusqikanuk
Qá wusqik wuci nuw’sintamawôkanun
nupáto, wáci nôhtuyuyak inkôtôkansh:
And I brought our wedding book to show
you the pictures. Kunamsh, mukacuks
uwusqikansh nitay: Look, there are the
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boy's books. Côci awân ayuw nánuk,
iwá Manto wusqikanuk Manto:
Everyone must be likewise, says God in
God’s book. FF
wustaw-, VTA he makes it for him
I make it for him nuwustawô, nostawô,
s/he makes it for him wustawáw,
you and I make it for him
kuwustawômun, kostawômun,
Let’s make it for him! wustawutuk,
Make it for him! sg wustaw,
Make it for him! pl wustawohq,
that he makes it for him wástawôt
Yohkhik mô wástawak Mohiksinak:
Mohegans used to make cornmeal. Mus
katawi wustawáwak yoht, wáci
wustawáwak micuwak: They will be
going to make a fire so that they can
make something to eat. FF
wusto-, VTI he makes it
I make it nuwusto, nosto,
s/he makes it wustow,
you and I make it kuwustomun,
kostomun,
Make it! sg wustawush,
Make it! pl wustawoq,
that I make it wástoyôn
that he makes it wástôk
Yo yôpôwik nuwusto nusôp: This
morning I made my cornmeal mush;
Nunánu mô wustôw sôp: My
grandmother used to make cornmeal
mush. Wámi cáqansh iwák Manto
wustôw yush: All things say God made
them. FF
wusuh-, VTA he makes him
I make him nuwusuhô,
s/he makes him wusuháw,
you and I make him kuwusuhômun,
Let’s make him! wusuhutuk,
Make him! sg wusuh,
Make him! pl wusuhohq,
that he makes him wásuhak
Mut tápi nuwusuhô nahak: I cannot
make myself. FF
wut’hki-, VAI he dwells, lives at ‘have
as one’s land’
I live at nuwut’hki, not’hki,
s/he lives at wut’hki,
you and I live at kuwut’hkimun,
kot’hkimun,
Live (there)! sg wut’hkish,
Live (there)! pl wut’hkiq,
that he lives at wát’hkit
Wut’hkish wuyohtiyôkanuk: Live in
peace.SO
wut’hkiwôk, NI address, residence
addresses wut’hkiwôkansh,
at the address wut’hkiwôkanuk
Cáqan kuwut’hkiwôk: What is your
address?
wutamôk, NA tobacco pipe
pipes wutamôkanak,
in the pipe wutamôkanuk
Wutamôkanak pásaw: Bring the pipe!
wutamôtam-, VTI he is troubled about it,
he cares about it
I care about it nuwutamôtamô,
s/he cares about it wutamôtam,
you and I care about it
kuwutamôtamômun,
Let’s care about it! wutamôtamutuk,
Care about it! sg wutamôtam,
Care about it! pl wutamôtamohq,
that he cares about it wutamôtamôt
Nit kihtasot musi wutamôtam: Then
the king was greatly troubled.Dan.5:9
wutatam-, VAI he drinks
I drink nuwutatam, notatam,
s/he drinks wutatam,
you and I drink kuwutatamumun,
kotatamumun,
Let’s drink! wutuatamutuk
Drink! sg wutatamsh,
Drink! pl wutatamoq,
that he drinks wátatak
Wutatamôhutuc wuci ôpusk
tatamwáwic: Let him drink from the
medicine cup. Áhqi wutatamsh
kiht’hanupáq: Don’t drink the seawater!
wutáhim, NI strawberry ‘heart-berry’
strawberries wutáhimunsh,
on the strawberry wutáhimunuk
Wutáhim Wiyon: Strawberry Moon; Yo
inkôtôk wutáhimunuk nuwikôtam: I
like this strawberry picture.
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wuták, PREP behind, in the back of
Iyo, wuták nahak nipawiq: Now, stand
behind me.
wutaymôyin, NI a nation
nations wutaymôyinash,
in the nation wutaymôyinuk
Kikátohkáwôk mihkunum kitiyayôk
wuci wutaymôyin: Language holds the
life force of a nation.
wutqun, NI branch, stick, piece of wood
branches wutqunsh,
on the branches wutqunuk
Wutqun mutáwi cáhsun: The stick is
very rigid. Ray tumusum wutqunsh
yotay yo kisk: Ray cut wood here
today.FF
wutôtunum-, VTI he withdraws it, pulls
it back, draws it out, away
I withdraw it nuwutôtunum,
notôtunum,
s/he withdraws it wutôtunum,
you and I withdraw it
kuwutôtunumumun, kotôtunumumun,
Let’s withdraw it! wutôtunumutuk,
Withdraw it! sg wutôtunumsh,
Withdraw it! pl wutôtunumoq, that he
withdraws it wátôtunuman
Kusit wutôtunumsh, mus kunáwuq! :
Pull your foot back, he will see you.
wutukáyu-, VII it is wet
It is wet wutukáyuw,
they are wet wutukáyush
that it is wet wátukák,
that they are wet wátukáks
Yo yák wutakáyuw: The sand is wet.
Sômi wátukák, mut nuwikôtam:
Because it is wet, I do not like it. FF
wutukisu-, VAI he is wet, gets wet
I am wet nuwutakis, notakis,
s/he is wet wutakisuw,
you and I are wet kuwutakisumun,
kotakisumun,
Get wet! sg wutakisush,
Get wet! pl wutakisuq,
Let’s get wet! wutukisutuk
that he is wet wátakisut
Sokuyôn! Mutáwi nuwutukis: Rain! I
am very wet. Sokuyôks nuquci mutu
wátukisuyôn: Whenever it is raining, I
try not to get wet. Côci kuwutakisumô,
ásqam kácusumáq kahakáwôwak: You
must get yourselves wet before you clean
yourselves.
wutun, NI a wind
winds wutunsh, in the wind wutunuk
Mucáq wutun: No wind. Wutun
mihkáyuw yo tápkuk: The wind is
strong tonight. FF
wuw-, INIT may or can; combined with a
verb it shows possibility
Nuks, kuwuwicawômun Yes, we can
go with him.
wuw’i, INTERJ of sorrow, of supplication,
of wishing (Oh! that it were!)
Watáwatôqusuwôk yowáp,
“Mushôtowash!” Qá yowán, “Cáqan
wuw’i mushôtowayôn?”: The voice
said, “Cry!” And he said, “What shall I
cry?”Is.40:6
wuyacásq, NI tree bark
tree barks wuyacásqash,
in tree bark wuyacasquk
Apqáw wiqám wuci wuyacásq: He
covers the wigwam with tree bark.
wuyam, NI face paint, body paint,
vermilion
paints wuyamash,
in the paint wuyamunuk
Aquw nis mômôyisuwôkansh wuci
wuyam nusnuw wanonawuk: He wears
two stripes of face paint on each cheek.
wuyihtiyáwun-, VTI he beautifies it, to
render beautiful or pleasing
I beautify it nuwuyihtiyáwun,
s/he beautifies it wuyihtiyáwun,
you and I beautify it
kuwuyihtiyáwunumun,
Beautify it! sg wuyihtiyáwunsh,
Beautify it! pl wuyihtiyáwunoq,
that he beautifies it wuyihtiyáwuk
Náh wuyihtiyáwun nishnuw tiyaq: He
has made every thing beautiful.Eccl.3:11
wuyinihiyán-, VTA he does good for
another
I do good for him nuwuyinihiyánô,
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s/he does good for him wuyinihiyánáw,
you and I do good for him
kuwuyinihiyánômun,
they do good for him wuyinihiyának
let’s do good for him! wuyinihiyánôtuk,
Do good for him! sg wuyinihiyán,
Do good for him! pl wuyinihiyánohq,
that he does good for him wuyinihiyánôt
Wuyinihiyánôtuk wámi: Let us do good
to all men.Gal.6:10
wuyisi, VAI he does good, he does well
I go away numôci,
s/he goes away môci,
you and I go away kumôcimun,
Go away! sg môcish,
Go away! pl môciq,
that he goes away môcit
Wahak papumshá kátwuyisi: He went
about doing good…Acts10:38
wuyituwôk, NI beauty, excellence,
goodness
beauties wuyituwôkansh
in the goodness wuyituwôkanuk
Kuniyásh yo wuci wuyituwôk tá
ôqinihuwawôk Manto: Behold therefore
the goodness and severity of God.Rom.11:22
wuyohtiyôk, NI peace; good and calm
time
calm times wuyohtiyôkansh
in the peace wuyohtiyôkanuk
Qut mutu tapinumomun,
kuwuyohtiyôk ôpôcumosh i kahakák:
but if it be not worthy, let your peace
return to you.Matt.10:13
wuyôkpuwôk, NI supper ‘evening
eating’
suppers wuyôkpuwôkansh,
at supper wuyôkpuwôkanuk
Wuyôkpuwôk ciwi kisutáw: Supper is
nearly cooked.
wuyôksu-, VII it is evening
it is evening wuyôksuw,
that it is evening wáyôksuk,
whenever it is evening wáyôksuks
Wikun wuyôksuw: Good evening.
wuyôkpuwu-, VAI he eats supper
(evening-eat)
I eat supper nuwuyôkup, noyôkup,
s/he eats supper wuyôkpuw,
you and I eat supper kuwuyôkpumun,
koyôkpumun,
Eat supper! sg wuyôkpwush,
Eat supper! pl wuyôkpuq,
Let’s eat supper! wuyôkpuwutuk, that
he eats supper wáyôkpwut
Côci kutayunumawumô micuwôk
mákunumôn, wáci-wuyôkpwuyak: You
(all) should help me pick food, so that we
can eat supper.
wuyôptá-, VAI he believes
I believe nuwuyôptá, noyôptá,
s/he believes wuyôptá,
you and I believe kuwuyôptámun,
koyôptámun,
Believe! sg wuyôptásh,
Believe! pl wuyôptáq,
that he believes wáyôptát
Koyôptámun tátupi Kôkcimantok,
wipi usuwisuw wámi uwisuwôkansh:
You and I believe in the same Great
Spirit, but he is called many names.
wuyômwá-, VAI he speaks the truth, is
correct
I speak the truth nuwuyômwá,
noyômwá,
s/he speaks the truth wuyômwá,
you and I speak the truth
kuwuyômwámun, koyômwámun,
Be correct! sg wuyômwásh,
Be correct! pl wuyômwáq,
that he is correct wáyômwát
Wuyômwá mucimi: He always speaks
the truth.
wuyônum-, VTA he confers blessings
upon (him)
I bless him nuwuyônum, s/he confers
blessings upon him wuyônumôw,
you and I confer blessings upon him
kuwuyônumômun,
Let’s bless him! wuyônumutuk,
Bless him! sg wuyônumsh,
Bless him! pl wuyônumôq,
that he confers blessings upon him
wáyônumôt
Qá kitasot qipinum wuskisuq qá
wuyônumôwuqak: And the king turned
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 171
his face and blessed them.1K.8:14
Y
-yakus, NI DEP stomach, belly, guts
someone’s belly muyakus,
people’s bellies muyakusash,
in someone’s belly muyakusik,
my belly nuyakus,
his/her belly wuyakus,
Nuyakus côci nukucusuto? : Should I
wash my belly? Mutu, páhsut
kukucusutomô kuyakus: No, we will
wash your belly later.
yaqi, PREP towards, to
Kiyawun wámi wucshák Manto, qá
yaqi nákum mus kuputukimun: We all
come from God, and to him will we
return.
yáhshá-, VAI he breathes
I breathe nuyáhshá,
s/he breathes yáhshá,
you and I breathe kuyáhshá,
Breathe! sg yáhshásh,
Breathe! pl yáhsháq,
that he breathes yáhshát
…qut niyuwôtamuwôk mutáhuk
páhkshuw yáhshá: but by sorrow of the
heart the spirit is broken.Prov.15:13
yáhsháwôk, NI breath, spirit
spirits yáhsháwôkansh,
in the spirit yáhsháwôkanuk
Manto wikuw, numiyuq nuyáhsháwôk:
God is good, he gives me my breath. FF
yák, NI sand
in the sand yákôk
Yo yák wutakáyuw: The sand is wet.
Nuyôpko punsháw yákôk: My bracelet
fell in the sand.
yáw, NUM four
Nuqut, nis, shwi, yáw, nupáw, qutôsk,
nisôsk, shwôsk, pásukokun: One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
yáwuncák, NUM forty ‘four - howmany-tens’
Yáwuncák katumuwash mutu ciwi
nupuw: Forty years is not nearly dead.
yáwuqunakat-, VII it is 4th day, four
days, Thursday
it is Tuesday yáwuqunakat,
that it is Tuesday yáwuqunakáhk,
whenever it is Tuesday yáwuqunakáhks
Nakuskawum kamuquk wuci nukôni
cáqansh yáwuqunakáhk: Meet me at
the building of old things (the museum)
when it is Thursday.
yáwut, NUM fourth
Yáwut nihtowôk áywi sayakat: The
fourth lesson was the hardest.
yáyaci, ADV always, usually
Qá, kusi, kuwicawuyumô yáyaci: And,
lo, I am with you always.Matt.28:20
yáyôwi, PREP among, in the middle of
Muskawut yáyôwi muksak: He was
found among the wolves.
yo, DEM this, these (inanimate)
these yosh
Nunicônak, wustawutuk yo, ásqam
piyôhutut kitôpánônak: My children,
let’s make this before our friends arrive;
Yosh manotásh mus kumiyuyumô: I
will give you (all) these baskets; Yosh
wiwáhcumunsh, yo áskot, yosh
masqusitsh: Here is (these) corn, here is
this squash, here are (these) beans.
yo, DEM this, these (animate)
these yok, obviative yoh
Wámi nunicônak yok: These are all my
children. Musqisuw yo cits.
Musqisuwak yok citsak: This bird is
red. These birds are red. Yok skitôpak
mutáwiwak: These people are many. FF
Yo yôpôwi kisusq tápi nunáwô: This
morning I can see the sun. FF
yohkáyu-, VII it is soft
it is soft yohkáyuw,
they are soft yohkáyush
that it is soft yohkák,
that they are soft yohkáks
Quniq wushay yohkáyuw: The doe’s
hide is soft.
yohkik, NI pounded parched corn meal
(uncooked) [traditional spelling:
yokeag]
in the yokeag yohkikanuk
Mamsh yohkik wici kupômsháwôkuk:
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 172
Take yohkhik along on your journey.
yohkhikancá-, VAI make corn meal,
grind corn meal
I make corn meal nuyohkhikancá,
s/he makes corn meal yohkhikancá,
you and I make corn meal
kuyohkhikancámun,
Make corn meal! sg yohkhikancásh,
Make corn meal! pl yohkhikancáq,
that I make corn meal yohkhikancáyôn,
that he makes corn meal yohkhikancát
Yohkik mô wustôwak Mohiksinak:
Mohegans used to get cornmeal.
yoht, NI fire
fires yohtásh, in the fire yohták
Yoht nukihtam: I am listening to the
fire. Sunsh kusaputásh kôkci yohták:
Stones are heated in a great fire. Mus
katawi wustawáwak yoht, wáci
wustawáwak micuwak: They will be
going to make a fire, so that they make
something to eat. FF
yokcôwi, ADV yonder, over there
(implies a further distance away than
nitay: there)
Kutomát Qáqiqihshôt, yokcáwi
nipawsh: Singing Cricket, stand over
there.
yonáhqam-, VTI he sews it
I sew it nuyonáhqam,
s/he sews it yonáhqam,
you and I sew it kuyonáhqamumun,
Let’s sew it! yonáhqamutuk
Sew it! sg yonáhqamsh,
Sew it! pl yonáhqamoq,
that he sews it yonáhqak
Kusawôk nuyonáhqam: I am sewing a
skirt; Kuyonáhqam kusawôk? : Are you
sewing a skirt?
yonáhqôsu-, VAI he sews
I sew nuyonáhqôs,
s/he sews yonáhqôsuw,
you and I sew kuyonáhqôsumun,
Sew! sg yonáhqôsush,
Sew! pl yonáhqôsuq,
that he sews yonáhqôsut
Yonáhqôsuw wikôci: He sews often.
Wômôhtam yonáhqôsut: She loves to
sew. Yonáhqôsush kumôyákansh
kahak! : Sew your clothes yourself!
yotay, PART here
Yotay piyôsh! Pásawôhutuc. Yotay
ponohq: Come here! Let them bring it.
Put it here. Mut nunáwô awán wucina
Sôtáy Rosse Skeezucks piyô yotay: I
have not seen anyone since the Sunday
Rosse Skeezucks came here. FF
yowá-, VAI he says
I say nuyowá,
he says yowá,
you and I say kuyowámun,
Say! sg yowásh,
Say! pl yowáq,
that he says yowát
Qá woshunumuk shwut seali, nunotá
shwut pinashim yowán, “Piyôsh qá
námsh:”And when he had opened the
third seal, I heard the third beast say,
“Come and see.”Rev.6.5
yôcánum-, VTI he opens it
I open it nuyôcánum,
s/he opens it yôcánum,
you and I open it kuyôcánumumun,
Let’s open it yôcánumutuk
Open it! sg yôcánumsh,
Open it! pl yôcánumoq,
that he opens it yôcánuk
Nuyôcánum nuskisuqash; nunám
wámi cáqan yotay: I open my eyes; I
can see all things here. FF
yôkan-, VII it is light in weight, not
heavy
it is light yôkan,
they are light yôkansh
that it is light yôkak,
whenever it is light yôkaks
Wusqik yôkan, wipi
kikátohkáwôkansh qusuqansh: The
book was light, but the words were
heavy.
yôkôp, NA young man, older boy
young men yôkôpák,
on the young men yôkôpák
Yôkôp pôhpuw wi: The young man
played well.
yôksqáhs, NA young woman, older girl
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 173
young women yôksqáhsak,
on the young women yôksqáhsuk
Kunam wuci quniqôpáks qá nit náwáw
wikcot yôksqáhsah pámshát
t’hkamuquk: He looked for some time
and then saw that it was a beautiful
young woman walking along the beach.
yôpi, ADV again
Yôpi nupiyômun: We will come again.
Kaci yôpi tupkuw: Already night
again.FF
yôpko, NI bracelet, band
bracelets yôpkowunsh,
on the bracelet yôpkowunuk
Aquw yôpko inkáwi putinuk: She wore
the bracelet on her right arm.
yôpoham-, VAI he answers, replies
I reply nuyôpoham,
s/he replies pakatôtám,
you and I reply kuyôpohamumun,
Answer! sg yôpohamsh,
Answer! pl yôpohamoq,
that he replies yôpohamak
Nit Cáp yôpoham qá iwá: Then Job
answered and said.Job16:1
yôpohamá-, VTA he answers him
I answer him nuyôpohamá,
s/he answers him yôpohamáw,
you and I answer him kuyôpohamámun,
Let’s answer him yôpohamátuk
Answer him! sg yôpoham,
Answer him! pl yôpohamohq,
that he answers him yôpohamôt
Qá Joseph yôpohamá Pharaohah iwát,
“Mutu nik.”: And Joseph answered
Pharaoh saying, “It is not in me.”Gen.41.16
yôpohamuwôk, NI an answer, reply
answers yôpohamuwôkansh
at the answer yôpohamuwôkanuk
Qá wámi nik notáwôcik
môcanatamuwak
owohtamowôkanowuk tá
yôpohamuwôkanowash: And all that
heard him were astonished at his
understanding and answers.Lk.2:47
yôpôwi, ADV in the morning
T’káyuw yo yôpôwi, ni yayuw: It is
cold this early morning, that is so. FF
yôpôwihpwu-, VAI he eats breakfast
‘morning-eat’
I eat breakfast nuyôpôwihp,
s/he eats breakfast yôpôwihpuw,
you and I eat breakfast
kuyôpôwihpumun,
Eat breakfast! sg yôpôwihpwush,
Eat breakfast! pl yôpôwihpuq,
that he eats breakfast yôpôwihpwut
Yôpôwihpwutuk! : Let’s eat breakfast!
yôtum-, VAI he is hungry
I am hungry nuyôtum,
s/he is hungry yôtum,
you and I are hungry kuyôtumumun,
that he is hungry yôtuk
Yôtumwak qiqikumak. Samôtô: The
ducks are hungry. Feed them. Yo,
qiqikumihs yôtuk: Here, hungry
duckling. Ciwi pôhsqá, pahkaci numic
nutinay, sômi yôtumôn: Nearly noon,
already I ate my lunch, because I was
hungry. FF
yôwapu-, VAI he is far away, far off
I am far off nuyôwap,
s/he is far away yôwapuw,
you and I are far away kuyôwapumun,
that he is far away yôwaput
Mô kuyôwap, qut iyo kuputuki wik:
You were far away, and now you have
returned to your home.
yôwat, ADV a long time ago, since long
ago
Ihtôqat kucshun, “Quni-yôwat…” :
The story began, “Long, long ago…”
yôwatuk, ADV far, far away, distant
Yôwatuk kutapumô, mutu kutapumô
kuski nahakánônak: You are far away,
you are not near to us
yumwáh-, VTA he fills him
I fill him nuyumwáhô,
s/he fills him yumwáháw,
you and I fill him kuyumwáhômun,
Let’s fill him! yumwáhutuk,
Fill him! sg yumwáh,
Fill him! pl yumwáhohq,
that he fills him yumwahôt
Qá yumwahak môcanatamowôk tá
qihqinanatamowôk: And they were
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 174
filled with wonder and amazement.Acts3:10
yumwáhto-, VTI he fills it
I fill it nuyumwáhto,
s/he fills it yumwáhtôw,
you and I fill it kuyumwáhtomun,
Let’s fill it! yumwáhtotuk
Fill it! sg yumwáhtawush,
Fill it! pl yumwáhtawoq,
that he fills it yámwáhtôk
Yo manotá piwáhcuk mamsh qá naspi
masqusitsh yumwáhtawush: Take this
small basket and fill it with beans.
yupaw, NI wing
wings yupawash
on the wings yupawuk
Wutáh ayuw yupawash: Her heart has
wings.
yupáqu-, VAI he cries
I cry nuyupáq,
s/he is cries yupáquw,
you and I are cry kuyupáqumun,
let’s cry! yupáqutuk
Cry! sg yupáqush, Cry! pl yupáquq,
that he is cries yupáqut
Yupáquw sômi ayunamawôw wuci
kisqutuk sipo: He cries because he was
helped from the angry river.
-yuqáhs, NA DEP niece, nephew
my niece nuyuqáhs,
my nephews nuyuqáhsak,
on my niece nuyuqáhsuk,
his niece/nephew wuyuqáhsah,
Wuyuqáhsuwôwah ki: You are their
niece/nephew. Nuwacônô shwôsk
nuyuqáhsak: I have eight nephews.
yuw’i, PREP in the middle, the midst
Nit ô wikuk qá, yuwi cupuwicuwuk,
natáwôpuw papômi: Then he went in
and, in the middle of the room, he looked
around.
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 175
English to Mohegan Word Finder
A
abandon him, leave him, VTA – nukayabandon it, leave it, VTI – nukatumable, can, enough, PART – tápi
about: he turns it about, VTI – qipinumabout: about, around, concerning, PREP –
papômi
about: about to, going to, intend to, PREV katawi
about: it is round about; all around; it turns,
ADV or PREP – qipi
above: above, on top of, over, upon, PREP –
waskici
above: above, (animate) PREP - wápisi
above: above, high up, upward, ADV –
wáwápi
abundant: be many, much, abundant
(inanimate things), VII – mutáwiyuaccept: he accepts him, is satisfied with him,
VTA – tapiniyáwáaccompany: accompany him, go with him,
VTI – wicáwaccompany: Come with me! PHRASE –
wicáwun plural wicáwiq
acorn, NI – anôhcum acorns anôhcumunsh
across, across water, on the other side, PREP
– akômuk
act: he conducts himself with respect to him,
acts or deals with him respectfully, VTA –
uyihiyô
add to it: he adds to it, increases it, VTI –
kotunihto
address, residence, NI – wut’hkiwôk
addresses wut’hkiwôkansh
advantage: he has an advantage over him,
gains on him, VTA, aniyuhamafflict: he causes affliction, he afflicts,
torments, VAI – ôqanumwihiyôafflict: he is grieved or afflicted, in
affliction; he is suffering, VAI –
ôqánumwunafraid: he is afraid of him, fears him, VTA –
qushafraid: he is afraid of it, fears it, VTI –
qihtamafraid: he is afraid, frightened, scared, VAI –
wisôsuafter: after a while, it is late, a long time, VII
– cikiyuafter: after, finished, completed, PREV – kisi
after: after, in time; it passes away, PREV –
máhciafter: afternoon: it is afternoon, VII – qátqáafter: afterward, after that, ADV - ôpitak
again, ADV – yôpi
against: he goes against him, makes war on
him VTA – ayiyukônáagainst: against, in opposition ADV –
ayiyukôni
against: back, against, up against, VII – ôp
ahead, first, before, ADV – nikôni
air, NA – wapunak
alcohol, rum, liquor, NI – ôhkupi
liquors ôhkupish
alike: the same, alike, equally, in the same
way, ADV tátupi
alive: he eats what is alive, VTA – máwháalive: he lives, is alive, VAI – pumôtamalive: living or being alive; the life principle
or vital force, ‘the soul’, NA –
kitiyayôk, souls kitiyawôkak
all, every, PART – wámi
all: all sorts of , of every kind ADV – iyáni
all the time, always, continually, ADV –
naquti
all the while: all the while, so long as, ADV –
nusáhki
almost, nearly, ADV – ciwi
alone: he is alone, VAI – nusualone: he remains alone, VAI – nusiqônialone, ADV – nusuwi
along with, with, PREP – wici
already, (indicates completion) ADV – kaci
also, too, PART – wôk
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 64
also: likewise, in the same way, as also,
PART – nánuk
although, though, even if, CONJ –
táhkônaqi
always, forever, ADV – mucimi
always, all the time, continually, ADV –
naquti
always, ADV – yáyaci
amaze: he fears or is amazed at it VTA –
cipsôtam
amaze: he is astonished, amazed, frightened
VAI – cipsáamaze: amazement, wonder, NI –
môcanatamowôk wonders
môcanatamowôkansh
amaze: a wonder, a marvel, something that
causes amazement, NI –
môcanatamwahuwôk
marvels môcanatamwahuwôkansh
amaze: in astonishment, in amazement,
amazedly ADV – cipsayi
among: among, PREP – kinuki
among: among, in the middle of, PREP –
yáyôwi
ancestors: parent, ancestors, NA –
my parent nocituwôk
my ancestors nocituwôkanak
and: and, (primarily used for conjoining
verb phrases) PART – qá
and: and, PART – tá alternative spelling:
táká
anger: anger (active), NI – musqôhtamowôk
angers musqôhtamowôkansh
anger: anger (passive), NI –
musqôhtamnutuwôk
angers musqôhtamnutuwôkansh
anger: he is angry, VAI – kisqutuanger: he is angry, VAI – musqôhtamanimal, NA – awáyáhs animals awáyáhsak
ankle: the ankle, DEP NI – -supsk
another, other, PRON – ôkutak
others ôkutakansh (inanimate),
ôkutakanak (animate)
answer: he answers, replies, VAI –
yôpohamanswer: an answer, reply, NI –
yôpohamuwôk
answers yôpohamuwôkansh
ant, NA – áyiks, ants áyiksak
antler, horn, NA – áskôn antlers áskônsh
any, ADV – tiyaqi
anyone, who (in questions), someone, PRON
– awán
appear: he arises, comes into existence,
emerges, appears, VAI – moskiapple, NA – áhpihs, apples áhpihsak
approach: he goes or comes near,
approaches, VAI – pasotsháarm, NI DEP – -hputin, my arm n’hputin,
my arms n’hputinsh
arise: arise, as out of bed, get up, VAI –
pasuqiarise: arise, as out of bed, get up, VAI –
ômkiarise: he arises, comes into existence,
emerges, appears, VAI – moskiarise: he arises, goes upward, VAI – wápináarise: it rises, arises, VII – ômohkumarise: it arises, comes forth, VII – moskimoarise: it arises, goes upward, VII – wápimoaround: it goes around, encompasses (a
boundary line), VII – winushiyáaround: around, about, concerning, PREP –
papômi
around: it is round about; all around; it turns,
ADV or PREP – qipi
arrow, NI – kikum
arrowhead, NI – ayon, arrowheads ayonsh
as: as far as, PREP – wihqi
as: as, in such a way, thus, how, so, PART –
uy, ‘this way’ – yo uy
as: as soon as, scarcely, ADV – qinô
as: as though, CONJ – ônatuh
ascend, go up, VAI – qiascend: he ascends, goes up into the air, VAI
– spusháash tree, NA – môyôhks
ash trees môyôhksak
ashamed: he is ashamed, VAI – akacuashes, dust, NI – puqi
ask: he asks him, questions him, VTA –
natotum-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 65
ask him for it, ask it of him, VTA –
wihqitumaw-,
kuwihqitumôsh - 'please'
asleep: sleep, be asleep, VAI – kawiassemble, gather (oneselves), congregate,
attend church meeting, VAI – môwáwi
astonish: he fears or is amazed at it VTA –
cipsôtam
astonish: he is astonished, amazed,
frightened VAI – cipsáastonish: in astonishment, in amazement,
amazedly ADV – cipsayi
at last, finally, ADV – macish
at that time, then, ADV – nit
attack: he attacks, comes upon suddenly and
physically, VTA – qintôwáw
attain: he comes to something, attains
something, VTI – piyawôtamattempt, try, VAI – quciaunt, NA DEP – -ohkumihs, nohkumihsak
autumn, fall, NI – taqôq autumns taqôqash
autumn: it is autumn, fall, VII – taqôquawake, wake up, VAI – tohkiaway, beyond, further on, ADV – ôkowi
awl, NA – muqs, awls muqsak
axe, hatchet, NI – takôk, axes takôkansh
B
baby, child, NA – páhpohs
babies páhpohsak
back (of body), NI DEP – -hpsqan, my back
n’hpsqan their backs psquaniwôwash,
backbone, spine, NI DEP – -takôq
their spines takôquqôwash
back: behind, in the back of, PREP – wuták
back, returning, ADV – quski
back, against, up against, VII – ôpback: he turns himself around, he turned
back, VTA – ôpamqayback: he returns again, he goes back [with
locative indirect object], VAI – ôpôcuback: it returns [with locative indirect
object], VII – ôpôcumbad, evil, wicked, PRENOUN – maci
bake, cook, VAI – aposu-
ball, NI – pôhpaskôk,
balls pôhpaskôkansh
band, bracelet, NI – yôpko
bark: tree bark, NI – wuyacásq,
barks wuyacásqash
bark: inner bark of a tree (used for
medicine), NI – iqipu
bark: rough bark (for non-medicinal uses),
NI – wikpi
barn, ‘a food house’, NI – micumikamuq,
barns micumikamuqsh
basket, NI – manotá, baskets manotásh
basket: basket splint, NI – pôpayik
splints pôpayikansh
bat, NA – mutapasqáhs
bats mutapasqáhsak
bathe: wash oneself, bathe, VAI – kishtutubattle: a soldier, one who battles – NA
ayitiyawin soldiers ayitiyawinak
battle: war, a battle NI – ayitiyuwôk
wars ayitiyuwôkansh
be: to be, exist VAI – ayu-, (not used with
location)
beach, shore, NI – t’kamuq
beaches t’kamuqash
bead, wampum shell, NI – môsôpi
beads môsôpish
bean, NI – masqusit beans masqusitash
bear, NA – awáhsohs, bears awáhsohsak
beast: a beast, NA – pupunashum
beasts pupunashumak
beat: hit him, strike him, beat him, VTA –
takambeat: hit it, strike it, beat it, VTI – takatambeat: he beats it or pounds it, breaks it into
small pieces, VTI – sáhqutáhambeauty: he beautifies it, to render beautiful
or pleasing, VTI - wuyihtiyáwunbeauty: beautifully, well, pleasantly, ADV –
wi
beauty: beauty, excellence, goodness, NI wuyituwôk
beaver, NA – tumôhq beavers tumôhqák
because, because of, ADV – sômi
because of that, therefore, PART – niwuci
bed, NI – apun beds apunásh
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 66
before, not yet, PART – ásqam
before, ahead, first, ADV – nikôni
before, while, still, VII – as
begin: it begins, starts, VII – kucshunbegin: it begins, has its origin or source,
ADV – koci
beginning: the beginning of what continues
to be, NI – kátsh beginnings kátshash
beginning: newly, new, 2young, 3in the
beginning, ADV – wiski
begrudge: he begrudges (it), he holds a
grudge against (it), VTI – matantambehind, in the back of, PREP – wuták
behold: he beholds someone, VTA –
kuniyáwbehold: lo, behold, INTERJ – kusi
belly, stomach, guts, NI DEP – -yakus
somepeople’s bellies muyakusash
bellybutton, navel, NI DEP – -iywi our navels
niywinônash
belt, NI – tukucôpi belts tukucôpish
better: he recovers, feels better, VAI – kicábetting: gamble, play at a betting game, VAI
– kusawasubeyond: he is beyond, exceeds, is superior
to, VAI, aniyábeyond, away, further on, ADV – ôkowi
big: he is great, mighty, big, VAI – mushakibig: it is big, great, VII – makáyubig: it is big, large, VII – sháyubig belly, NI – -ishát your big
bellies kishátuwôwash
big, huge, PRE-NOUN – kôkcibig toe, NI DEP – -kihtiqáysit
bird, NA – cits birds citsak
bird: hen, female bird, NA – môyhsh, hens
moyhshak
bite: he bites, VAI – sakipobite: he bites him, VTA – qáma
bite: he bites him, VTA – sakipowábite: he bites it, VTI – sakipotamblack: he is black, VAI – sukisublack: it is black, VII – sukáyublackbird, NA – acokayihs
blackbirds acokayihsak
blanket, NI – piyôkut (English loan)
blankets piyôkutash
blessed: it is holy, sacred, blessed, VII –
wuyitupôhtamblood, NI – musqi my blood numsqi, his
blood umsqi
blood: he is bloody, VAI – musqihiyôkani
blow: he blows, breathes heavily, VAI –
potáblossom: flower, blossom of a tree, NI –
sakatuwô flowers sakatuwosh
blossom: tree in blossom, NI – sakôyi
trees in blossom sakôyish
blue: he is blue, VAI – siwôpisublue: it is blue, VII – siwôpáyublueberry, NI – sôht blueberries sôhtásh
board, floor board – sukôsq
boards sukôsqash
boastful: he rejoices, exults, is very glad; he
is boastful, VAI - muskowôtamboat, canoe, NI – mushoy, NI
canoes mushoyash
bobwhite, quail, NA – pohpohqutihs quails
pohpohqutihsak
body hair (of a person), hair of an animal, NI
– wihshákan (singular indicates a
singlestrand of hair) the hair on his head
wihshákansh, my hair nuwihshákansh
body, self, NA DEP – -ahak (dependent used
as the Mohegan reflexive pronoun)
myself nahak,
yourselves kahakuwôwash
body paint, face paint, vermilion, NI –
wuyam paints wuyamansh
bone, NI DEP – -skan my bones nuskansh
book, letter, writing, NI – wuskhwik
books wuskhwikansh
born, VAI – nikubosom: the bosom, the breast, NI – pocináw
bosoms pocináwash
both, PART – niswi
bottle, gourd, jar, NI – qôyowasq
gourds qôyowasqash
bottom, NI – wucamq bottoms wucamqash
boundary: it goes around, encompasses (a
boundary line), VII – winushiyábow, NA – tiyôp bows tiyôpásh
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 67
bowl, NI – wisq alternative spelling: wishq
bowls wisqash
boy, NA – mukacuks boys mukacuksak
boy: young man, older boy, NA – yôkôp
older boys yôkôpák
bracelet, band, NI – yôpko bracelets
yôpkosh
brain, NA DEP – -tup someone’s
brains mutupash
branch: branch, NI – susiyáci branches
susiyácish
branch: branch, stick, piece of wood, NI –
wutqun branches wutqunsh
bread, NI – tukunik breads tukunikansh
break: he breaks (an object) with violence,
VTI – páhkshubreak: he breaks it into small pieces, beats it
or pounds it, VTI – sáhqutáhambreak: he breaks it in pieces, pulls it to
pieces, VTI – sáhqunumbreakfast: eat breakfast, VAI – yôpôwihpwubreast: a breast (not a woman's breasts),
chest, NI DEP – -hpôyák chests
m’hpôyákansh
breast: a woman’s breast, NI DEP – yunákan my breasts nuyunákan
breast: the bosom, the breast, NI – pocináw
bosoms pocináwash
breath, spirit, NI – yáhsháwôk
breaths yáhsháwôkansh
breathe, VAI – yáhshábreathe: he blows, breathes heavily, VAI –
potábriar, a thorn, NI – kawus thorns kawusash
bridge, NI – tayôsq alternative spelling:
tayôshq bridges tayôsqônsh
bring him, VTA – pásawbring it, VTI – pátobring it to him, VTA – pátawbrook, stream, NI – sipowihs
brooks sipowihsash
broom, NI – cikhamuwôk
brooms cikhamuwôkansh
brother: older brother, NA DEP – -ntôyuks
older brothers nuntôyuksak
brother: sibling of opposite sex (man's sister
or woman's brother), NA DEP – -itôps
sisters nitôpsak
brother: man's brother, NA – -imat
brothers nimatak
brother: younger sibling (brother or sister),
NA DEP – -ihsums younger
sibling nihsumsak
brother-in-law, NA DEP – -atôq
brothers-in-law natôqak,
his brother-in-law watôqah
brown: he is brown, VAI – môpamuqisubrown: it is brown, VII – môpamuqáyubuck, male deer, NA – ayôp bucks ayôpák
buckskin, NA – ayôpshay
building: a house, a dwelling-place, NI –
wicuw houses wicômash
building: a sod house, NI – cáhqin
sod houses cáhqinsh
building: home, house, lodge, NI – -ik
your houses kikash
building: wigwam, a round Indian dwelling,
NI – wiqám wigwams wiqámsh
building: an artificial enclosure, a building
not used for a dwelling, NI – kamuq
enclosures kamuqsh
burn: it burns, as a fire or a torch VII –
cikáhtuw
burn: he burns him VTA – cikásáw
burn: he burns it VTI – cikásum
burn: a burning (active) NI – cikásuwôk
burn: a burn, being burned (passive) NI –
cikáswutuwôk
bury: a burying, the act of burying, NI –
posikunáwôk
bury: a burial, NI – posikunutuwôk
bury: he buries him, inters him, VTA –
posikunô
but, only, rather, instead, PART – wipi
but, PART – qut (indicates less sharp contrast
than wipi)
butter, grease, oil, NI – pum
buttocks, rump, NI DEP – -atan
by, near, next to, PREP – kuski
by, with (as an instrument), PREP – naspi
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 68
C
call him, summon him, VTA – wihkumcall him (something), name him, VTA –
ahuycall it, say (to) it, VTI – tamcalled: he is named, called, VAI – usuwisucalm: he is calm VAI – áwipuw
calm: he makes it calm VTI – áypônihtuw
calm: it is calm weather VII – áwipôqat
calm: the wind ceases, there is calm VII –
áwipun
calm: peace, good and calm times, NI wuyohtiyôk
calm: a calm of peace NI – áwipun
calm: calmly ADV – áwipuni
can: can, enough, able, PART – tápi
can: may or can; combined with a verb it
shows possibility, PREV – wáhcandle, lamp, NI – wiqanôtik
candles wiqanôtikansh
canoe, boat, NI – mushoy, NI
canoes mushoyash
captive: a man; a captive or tributary, NA –
musinun people musinunak
care: he is troubled about it, he cares about
it, VTA – wutamôtamcareful: he is careful, cunning, wise, VAI –
wáwôtamcareful: he takes heed of something, VTA –
nuqusônocareful: he takes heed, acts cautiously, VAI nuqusunácarry it (in the hand), VTI – kinumcasino, NI – kusawasikamuq ‘gambling
building’ casinos kusawasikamuqsh
cast: he casts himself, he plunges (into
whatever), VAI – sowinácat, NA – pohpohs cats pohpohsak
catch: he catches him, seizes him, VTA –
táhquncatch: he catches it, seizes it, VTI –
táhqunumcause: he causes him to forget it, VTA+OBJ –
wanôhtamwáw
cause: he causes affliction, he afflicts,
torments, VAI – ôqanumwihiyô-
cautious: he takes heed, acts cautiously, VAI
- nuqusunácertainly, sure, definitely, ADV – mohci
chair, NI – papon chairs paponsh
chase him, look for him, VTA – natskawcheat: he deceives him, cheats him, VAI
asokikámácheek, NI DEP – -anonaw
my cheeks nanonawash
chestnut, NI – wôpum ‘white nut’
chestnut tree, NI – wôpumus
chestnut trees wôpumusash
chest, breast (not a woman's breasts), NI DEP
– -hpôyák her breasts w’hpôyákansh
chicken, NA – môyhsháks
chickens môyhsháksak
chief, sachem, NA – sôcum
chiefs sôcumôk
chief: it is chief, principal, superior, VII –
kihcichief: chief, principal, greatest, PRENOUN –
kiht
child: child, baby, NA – páhpohs
babies páhpohsak
child: an infant, a child, NA – piyusihs
infants piyusihsak
child: (one's) child, offspring, NA DEP –
-nicôn my children nunicônak
child: an only child, either gender, NA –
nuqutukiyun
chimney, smokehole, NI – wunáhcukamuq
chimneys wunáhcukamuqash
chin, jaw, NI DEP – -tôpkan
people’s chins mutôpkansh
chipmunk, NA – aniks chipmunks aniksak
church: a gathering place, a church, NI
môwáwikamuq
churches môwáwikamuqsh
clam, long clam, NA – suksuw
clams suksuwak
claw, hoof, nail, NA DEP – -hkas
claws n’hkasak
clean him, wash him, VTA – kucusumclean it wash it, (as body part), VTA –
kucusutoclean: wash oneself, bathe, VAI – kishtutu-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 69
clean it, VTI – páhkitoclean: he is clean, VAI – páhkisuclean: it is clean, VII – páhkáyuclear: he makes him get clear, delivers him,
helps him escape, VTA – páhqáhunáwclear: he gets clear, escapes, VAI –
páhqáhamcliff: the summit of a cliff or crag, the top of
a rock, NI – káhtôpskáwuk
climb: he climbs upon it, VTI – táhkotayáwclimb: he climbs into something, VTI – tôtáclimb: he climbs, VAI – táhkosunclimb: ladder, NI – táhkotáwôk
ladders táhkotáwôkansh
clock, NI – qôpayuwôk
close it, shut it, VTI – kuphamclose: it is closed, shut, VII – kupáyuclothes, garment, clothing, cloth, NI –
môyák garments môyákunsh
clothed: he is clothed, dressed, gets dressed,
wears (something) , VAI – aqucloud, NI – ôkatuq clouds ôkatuqash
cloudy: it is cloudy, overcast, VII – kupqatcoat, jacket, NI – akuwôk
jackets akuwôkansh
coffee, ‘bean liquid’ NI – masqusitôp
cold: he is cold, VAI – qusqacucold: it is cold (of things), VII – sôyôqatcold: it is cold (of weather), VII – t’hkáyucollect: speak of, reason, consult together
[these talks are reciprocal and collective],
VTI - wiyôqutumcolored: it is colored, VII – isuwáyucome: he comes VAI – piyôcome: come! PHRASE – piyôsh! plural
piyôq!
come: it comes, VII – piyômucome: he comes to something, attains
something, VTI – piyawôtamcome: he comes from (a place), goes from,
VAI – wucshácome: it goes from, comes from (a place), VII
– wucshácome: come in, enter, VAI – suqicome: come in: welcome, come in, PHRASE
– wiqômun, suqish! plural wiqômun,
suqiq!
come: he goes or comes near, approaches,
VAI – pasotshácome: come out of or go out of, VAI kaciycome: come with me! PHRASE – wicáwun
plural wicáwiq
come: he arises, comes into existence,
emerges, appears, VAI – moskicome: it arises, comes forth, VII – moskimocommand: he declares, commands, speaks
authoritatively, VAI – tutatumcommonly, often, ADV – wikôci
competition: a contest, a competition , NI
ayikanawôk
completed, finished, after, PREV – kisi
conceal it, cover it, VTI – ôkhumconcerning, around, about, PREP – papômi
conducts: he conducts himself with respect
to him, acts or deals with him
respectfully, VTA – uyihiyô
confused: he is confused, VAI – cipshácongregate, assemble, gather (oneselves),
attend church meeting, VAI – môwáwiconsent: he consents, VAI – onôptáconsult: speak of, reason, consult together
[these talks are reciprocal and collective],
VTI - wiyôqutumcontend: he contends with him, strives
against him, VTA – mikônácontend: he contends, makes war, VAI –
mikôtiyácontend: he strives, contends, VAI – mikásucontend: contention, mutual strife, NI –
pinowanutuwôk,
contentions pinowanutuwôkansh
contest: a contest, a competition , NI
ayikanawôk contests ayikanawôkansh
continue: it flows in a rapid stream or
current, it continues flowing, VII –
kusucuwancontinue: it continues to be, it is continual,
VII – naqutiyáhtiyácontinue: continues going through, it goes
through, VII – puquw
continue: perseverance, continuance, NI –
naqutiwowôk
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 70
continue: he travels, continually walks, VAI
– pupamshácontinue: continually, all the time, always,
ADV – naquti
continue: continually, enduring, ADV –
sipáhtuwi
conversion: a turning, a conversion, NI –
qipiwôk conversions qipiwôkansh
cook, bake, VAI – aposucook: small cooking pot, kettle, NA –
kohqihs little pots kohqihsak
cook:, kettle, cooking pot NA – kohq
kettles kohqak
cookie, NI – tukunikanihs
cookies tukunikanihsh
corn, Indian corn, NI – wiwáhcum
corns wiwáhcumunsh
corn: seed, seed corn, NI – wuskanim corn
seeds wuskanimunsh
corn: whole boiled corn; a traditional dish
made with cooked corn and beans, NI –
suqatash
cornmeal mush, corn soup, NI – sôp
soups sôpish
cornmeal: pounded parched corn meal
(uncooked), NI – yohkhik
cornmeal: make corn meal, grind corn meal,
VAI – yohkhikancácorrect: it is right, true, correct, VII –
wimonáyucorrect: that is right, true, correct, PHRASE –
ni wimonáyuw
correct: speak the truth, be correct, VAI –
wuyômwácottage: a little house, cottage, NI – piwicuw,
cottages piwicuwash
cough, VAI – w’squnicount, does counting; also, play rushes,
straw game, VAI – akisucousin, NA DEP – -atôks (natôks: my
cousin) my cousins natôksak
cove: a little cove or creek, NI, ákup
creeks ákupash
cover: he covers it, conceals it, VTI – ôkhumcover: he covers it over, hides it by
covering, VTI – putákham-
cover: he covers it over, envelops it,
overwhelms it, VTI – nukámuncover: he puts something over it as a
covering, VTI – apqáw
cover: it covers, puts on that which covers
VII – apqôsuw
cover: that which makes a cover or covers,
NI – ôqhasuwôk
covers ôqhasuwôkansh
cover: cover for a dish, NI – ôqhik
covers ôqhikansh
covering: the covering of a tent, a tent, NI –
apqôs, tents apqôsash
covering: a covering, NI – apqáwôk
covering: a covering, NI – ôqhôk
coverings ôqhôkansh
cow, NA – káhsh cows káhshunak
crag: the summit of a cliff or crag, the top of
a rock, NI – káhtôpskáwuk
crag: a high hill, a summit, point of rock or
earth, a crag, NI – kusáhkôy
high hills kusáhkôyash
cranberry, NI – pôcum
cranberries pôcumunsh
crane, NA – tayák cranes tayákôk
crawl: he creeps or crawls, like an animal,
VAI – pampôpakun
crazy: he is crazy, VAI – cunáyu creator: The Creator, the spiritual force of
the universe NA – Kawtántowit
creek: a little cove or creek, NI, ákup
creep: he creeps or crawls, like an animal,
VAI – pampôpakun
cricket, grasshopper, NA – qáqiqihshôt
grasshoppers qáqiqihshôták
crippled: be crippled, disabled, VAI –
pôkasucrooked: be crooked, VII – wôkáyucross, pass over, VAI – quskacácrow, NA – kôkôc crows kôkôc
cry: cry, VAI – yupáqucry: a cry, a weeping, NI – mawôk
cubit: a unit of measurement the length of
the hand to the elbow [a cubit] preceded
by a number, FINAL – -isqanákát
cunning: he is careful, cunning, wise, VAI –
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 71
wáwôtamcup, NI – tatamwáwic
cups tatamwáwicash
curd: milk curd, NI – cupisakatôk
curds cupisakatôkansh
current: it flows in a rapid stream or current,
it continues flowing, VII – kusucuwancut him: he cuts him into pieces, VTA –
squswácut him: he cuts (him) into small pieces, VTA
– sáhquswácut it, VTI – tumusumcut it: he cuts (it) into small pieces, VTI –
sáhqusum-
D
dance, VAI – mutáhkádance with someone, VTA – witkámdance: a dance, NI – mutáhkáwôk
dances mutáhkáwôkansh
danger: it is dangerous, VII - ninuqáyudanger: dangerous, perilous, ADV – nuniqi
danger: in peril, in danger, ADV – nuqôhtuk
daughter, NA DEP – -tônihs
lots of laughter nutônihsak
daughter-in-law, NA DEP – -hshum
my daughter-in-laws n’hshumak
dawn: it is sunrise, dawn, VII – wôpan
day, NI – kisk (yo kisk: today)
days kiskash
day: it is day, a day, VII – kisukatdead: die, he is dead , VAI – nupudeals: he conducts himself with respect to
him, acts or deals with him respectfully,
VTA – uyihiyô
deceive: he deceives him, cheats him, VAI –
asokikámádecide: he determines, resolves, purposes,
decides, VAI – pakatôtám
decide: he determines it, resolves it,
purposes it, decides it, VTI – pakatôtámdeclare: he declares, commands, speaks
authoritatively, VAI – tutatumdecorate: he decorated it, garnished it, VTI –
áqátum
deer, NA – noyuhc deer noy’hcák
deer: buck, male deer, NA – ayôp
bucks ayôpák
deer: doe, female deer, NA – quniq
does quniqák
definitely, certainly, sure, ADV – mohci
deliver: he makes him get clear, delivers
him, helps him escape, VTA –
páhqáhunáwdepart: he goes forth, departs, VAI – sáhamdepart: a departure, a going forth, NI –
sáhamowôk
departures sáhamowôkansh
descend: descend, go down, VAI – wômsudestroy: he destroys him, VTA – pakowaw
destroy: he destroys it, VTI – pakowato
destroy: he destroys, VAI – pakowatiyá
destroy: destruction, NI – pakowônuwôk
determine: he determines, resolves,
purposes, decides, VAI – pakatôtám
determine: he determines it, resolves it,
purposes it, decides it, VTI – pakatôtámdie, he is dead , VAI – nupudifferent: strange, different, uncommon,
ADV – piyowi
difficult: it is difficult, hard, VII – sayakatdiligent: he is diligent, makes effort, exerts
himself VAI – áhciyudine, eat, VAI – mitsudirt: dirt, land, earth, ground, NI – ki
lands kish
dirt: he is dirty, VAI – nuskinôqusudirt: it is dirty, unclean, VII – nuskinôqatdisabled: be crippled, be disabled, VAI –
pôkasudish, plate, NI – wiyôk dishes wiyôkansh
dispenser: a dispenser of medicine, a
pharmacist, NA – pônaskihtuwásuwin
pharmacists pônaskihtuwásuwinak
distant, far, far away, ADV – yôwatuk
do: do (so) , VAI – ido: he does good for another, VTA –
wuyinihiyándo: evil doer, NA – macisiwin
do: what are you doing, PHRASE – cáqan
kutus? d cáqan kutusumô?
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 72
do: what are we (inclusive) doing, PHRASE –
cáqan kutusumun?
do: what are we (exclusive) doing, PHRASE –
cáqan nutusumun?
doctor: a physician, NA – pônaskihtawin
doctors pônaskihtawinak
doe, female deer, NA – quniq
does quniqák
dog, NA – náhtiyá dogs náhtiyák
dog: little dog, puppy, NA – ayumihs
puppies ayumihsak
doll: a doll, a statue, NA kucohkôn
dolls kucohkônak
don't! stop it, (used to make negative
commands), PART – áhqi
door, doorway, gate, NI – sqôt
doors sqôtásh
dove, NA – wusqhun doves wusqhunak
downpour: there is a great rain, a lot of rain,
a downpour, VII – mushuyôn
downward, ADV – wômiyo
drag: he drags it over, VTI – pôsutnasundraw it out, away, pull it back, withdraw it,
VTI – wutôtunumdream, VAI – uyuqômdream, NI – uyuqômuwôk
dress: woman's dress, NI – pitkôs
dresses pitkôsonsh
dressed: he is clothed, dressed, gets dressed,
wears (something) , VAI – aqudrink, VAI – wutatamdrip: it drips, there is dripping, VII –
patupáshundrop it, let it fall, VTI – patupshatodrown: he sinks disastrously, is drowned,
VAI – qutáshádrum, NA – popowutáhuk
drums popowutáhukanak
drunk: be drunk, VII – kakiwádry: it is dry, VII – nunahtáyudry it, VTI – nunshumduck, NA – qiqikum ducks qiqikumash
dung, feces, shit, manure, NI – mikucut
manures mikucutash
during, ADV – pômi
dust: dust, ashes, NI – puqi
dust: dust, NI – pupusi
dust: it is dusty, VII – sáhqi
dust: it is in small pieces, dust or powder, VII
– sáhqudwell, lives at, VAI – wut’hki- 'have as ones
land'– wut’hkiwôk
dwelling: a place, a dwelling place NI –
ayuwôk, places ayuwôkansh
dwelling: a house, a dwelling-place, NI –
wicuw houses wicômash
dwelling: a sod house, NI – cáhqin
sod houses cáhqinsh
dwelling: home, house, lodge, NI – -ik my
homes nikash
dwelling: wigwam, a round Indian dwelling,
NI – wiqám wigwams wiqámsh
E
each one, every one, PRON – nishnuw
eagle, bald eagle, NA – wôpsuq
eagles wôpsuqák
ear, NI DEP – -htawaq
my ears n’htawaqash
earring, NI – saksáhon,
earrings saksáhonsh
earth, dirt, land, ground, NI – ki lands kish
earthward, toward the ground, ADV – kiyo
easily, ADV – nukumi
east, eastward, ADV – wôpanayo
easy: it is easy, VII – nukumateat: like to eat him, VTA – wikimoheat: he eats what is alive, VTA – máwháeat: eat him (animate), VTA – moheat: eat it, VTI – micueat: it tastes good, is good to eat, VII –
wihpqat
eat: like to eat it, VTI – wikimicueat: he eats it with him, he shares a meal
with him, VTI – wipumáeat: eat breakfast, VAI – yôpôwihpwueat: eat, dine, VAI – mitsueat: eat lunch, VAI – pôhshqáhpwueat: eat supper, VAI – wuyôkpwueat: Eat! PHRASE – mitsush! plural mitsuq!
eat: Let’s eat! PHRASE – mitsutuk!
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 73
edge, rim, hem, NI – wus edges wusásh
eel, NA – nihsh eels nihshôwak
effort: he is diligent, makes effort, exerts
himself VAI – áhciyuegg, NI – wôm eggs wômansh
eight, NUM – shwôsk
eighth, ADV – shwôskut
eighty, NUM – shwôsk-shuncák
either, or, CONJ – asu (mut asu: nor,
neither)
elbow, NI DEP – -isk my elbows niskash
elder, old person, old man, NA – cayhs
elders cayhsak
eleven, NUM – páyaq napni nuqut
elk, NA – wôpas elks wôpasak
elsewhere, otherwise, ADV – ôkutakanuk
embrace, a hug, a gesture of greeting, NI –
wôqutuwôk hugs wôqutuwôkansh
embrace, greet him, embrace him, salute
him VTA – wôkumemerge: he arises, comes into existence,
emerges, appears, VAI – moskiemotion, feeling NI – uyutáháwôk
emotions uyutáháwôkansh
empty: it is empty, VII – sawáyuencompass: turns itself about, it
encompasses, surrounds, VTI –
qunupáhtoencompass: it goes around, encompasses (a
boundary line), VII – winushiyáend: the end, the utmost limit, NI – wihqsh
end: it reaches to, ends at, VTI – wihqshiyáendure: continually, enduring, ADV –
sipáhtuwi
enemy: he is an enemy, VAI – matwáw
enemies matwáwash
enjoy: he likes it, enjoys it, VTI – wikôtamenjoyment, pleasure, happiness, rejoicing,
fun, NI – wikôtamuwôk
pleasures wikôtamuwôkansh
enough: it is enough, sufficient, VII –
tápáyuenough: enough, can, able, PART – tápi
enter: enter, come in, VAI – suqienvelops: he covers it over, envelops it,
overwhelms it, VTI – nukámun-
equal: it is equal to, the same as, VII –
tátupiyuequal: the same, alike, equally, in the same
way, ADV tátupi
escape: he makes him get clear, delivers
him, helps him escape, VTA –
páhqáhunáwescape: he gets clear, escapes, VAI –
páhqáhameven, yes, PART – nuks
even if, though, although, CONJ –
táhkônaqi
evening: it is evening, VII – wuyôksuevening-eat, NI – wuyôhpuwôk
dinners wuyôhpuwôkansh
every: every, all, PART – wámi
every: everybody, PRON – wôcak
every: all sorts of, of every kind ADV – iyáni
every: every one, each one, PRON –
nishnuw
every: everywhere, ADV - qunupki
evil deed, sin, transgression, NI –
matôpáwôk sins matôpáwôkansh
evil: it is evil, wicked, VII – macituevil: evil doer, NA – macisiwin
evil: evil, wicked, bad, PRENOUN – maci
exceed: he exceeds, is beyond, is superior to,
VAI, aniyáexceed: exceedingly, ADV – áhci
exceed: very, really, exceedingly, much,
PART – mutáwi
excellent: beauty, excellence, goodness, NI wuyituwôk
exert: he is diligent, makes effort, exerts
himself VAI – áhciyuexist: to be, exist VAI – ayu-, (not used with
location)
exist: he arises, comes into existence,
emerges, appears, VAI – moskiexist: it is, it exists (not used with a
location), VII – iyakiexit: go outside, go out, get off of, exit, VAI –
qaciexpels water, he spits, VAI – sqôtam
extremely, very, PART – winu
exults: he rejoices, exults, is very glad; he is
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 74
boastful, VAI - muskowôtameye, face, NI DEP – -skisuq
my eyes nuskisuqash
F
face, eye, NI DEP – -skisuq
my eyes nuskisuqash
face paint, body paint, vermilion, NI –
wuyam paints wuyamansh
fall, autumn, – taqôq NI
fall: it is autumn, fall, VII – taqôqufall: leaves fall, VII – punipakatfall, VAI – tuksunifall: it falls, VII – punsháfall: drop it, let it fall, VTI – patupshatofall down, VAI – pasksháhsanfamily, NI – cáhsháyuwôk
families cáhsháyuwôkansh
famine: time of famine, NI – máhshaqát
famines máhshaqátash
fan, NI – páwantôk fans páwantôkansh
far: he is far away, far off, VAI – yôwapufar: as far as, PREP – wihqi
far: far, far away, distant, ADV – yôwatuk
farm, field, NI – cuk farms cukánsh
fast, quickly, hastily, in a hurry, ADV – kipi
father, NA DEP – -ohsh my father nohshak,
your father kohsh
father-in-law, NA DEP – -siyohs
my father-in-law nusiyohsak
fear, NI – qusháwôk fears qusháwôkansh
fear: he is afraid of him, fears him, VTA –
qusháfear: he is afraid of it, fears it, VTI – qihtamfeather, NA – miqun
feces, dung, shit, manure, NI – mikucut
manures mikucutash
feed him, give him food, VTA – áhsamfeel hot: he is hot, feels hot, VAI –
kusápusufeel so, feel a certain way (emotionally) ,
VAI – uyutáháfeeling, emotion, NI – uyutáháwôk
emotions uyutáháwôkansh
feels: he recovers, feels better, VAI – kicá-
female elder, old woman, NA – winay old
women winayak
fence, (outdoor) wall, NI – pumiyotôk
fences pumiyotôkansh
fertile: it is fertile, virile (pertaining to the
organs of generation), VII – ukôsuwufetch: he fetches him, he goes to get him,
VTA – nimskawáfetch: he fetches it, goes to get it, VTI –
nimskamfew: be few in number, not many (of people
or animals), VII – akôhsihsufield, farm, NI – cuk fields cukánsh
fifth, NUM – nupáwut
fifth day: it is five days, the fifth day,
Friday, VII – nupáwuqunakat
fifty, NUM – nupáw-shuncák
fights: he makes war, fights VAI – ayitiyáfill: fill him, VTA – yumwahfill: fill it, VTI – yumwáhtofill: filled with, it is full of, VII – yumwáy
finally: at last, finally, ADV – macish
fine: I am fine, PHRASE – nuwiyámo
we are fine kuwiyámomun
find: he finds him, VTA – muskawfind: he finds it, VTI – muskamfinger, NI DEP – -icuk fingers nicukansh
finger: the thumb, NI DEP – -kihtiqáynic
thumbs kihtiqáynicish
finish it, VTI – kacihtofinished, after, completed, PREV – kisi
fir, pine, NA – kow pines kowák
fire: fire, NI – yoht fires yohtásh
fire: make a fire, VAI – potawáfire: it burns, as a fire or a torch VII –
cikáhtuw
firm: harder, firmer, ADV – minkiyi
first, ahead, before, ADV – nikôni
first born, NA DEP – -áhtámik
first day: it is one day, first day, Monday, VII
– nuqutuqunakat
fish: fish, NA – piyámáq fishes piyámáqak
fish: fish scale, husk, hull, nut shell, NI –
wahakay shells wahakayash
fish: fish (verb), go fishing, VAI –
piyámáqcá-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 75
fist, NI – putuqunic
five, NUM – nupáw
five days: it is five days, the fifth day,
Friday, VII – nupáwuqunakat
flea, NA – apiq foxes apiqak
flint: a flint stone, NI – môhshupsq
flint stones môhshupsqash
flint: flint rock, flint, NI – sákáhtôkanôpsk
flint rocks sákáhtôkanôpskansh
flood: it is flooded, there is a flood, VII tômakan
flood: a flood, NI – tômakan
floods tômakanash
floor board, board, NI – sukôsq
boards sukôsqash
flow: it flows in a rapid stream or current, it
continues flowing, VII – kusucuwanflower: flower, blossom of a tree, NI –
sakatuwô flowers sakatuwôsh
flower: flower, NI – upihsháw
flowers upihsháwônsh
flute: flute, musical instrument, NI – pupiq
flutes pupiqansh
flute: he plays music, plays a flute, VAI –
pupiqáfly (the insect), NA – ocáwáhs
flies ocáwáhsak
fly: he is made to fly, VAI – pátunáhshôfly: he flies, moves through the air, VAI –
towufly: he ascends, goes up into the air, VAI –
spusháfog: it is foggy, there is fog, VII – awanfood: feed him, give him food, VTA –
ahsamfood: food, NI – micuwôk foods
micuwôkansh
fool: fool, NA – mutumák fools mutumák
fool: he is foolish, stupid, VAI – asokufoot, NI DEP – -sit my feet nusitash
for, of, from, PREP – wuci
forehead, NI DEP – -skatuq
forest, woods, NI – k’hpáy
forests k’hpáyash
forever, always, ADV – mucimi
forget: he forgets it, VTI - wanôhtam-
forget: he causes him to forget it, VTA+OBJ –
wanôhtamwáw
forgive: he forgives him, VTA –
áhqôhtamawforgive: he forgives it, VTI – áhqôhtam
forth from: forth from, out from, movement
from the place where or in which the
action of the verb begins, INITIAL – sáhfort: a fort, a stronghold, NI – môsk forts
môskash
forty, NUM – yáwuncák
four: four, NUM – yáw
four: four days: it is 4th day, four days,
Thursday, VII – yáwuqunakat
four: fourth, NUM – yáwut
fowl: a fowl, NA – pupunshás
fowls pupunshásak
fox, NA – wôks foxes wôksak
fragment: a piece, a portion, or fragment of,
NI – kackáy
free: he is free, VAI – nayawiyufree: free, PRENOUN – nayawi
free: freely, ADV – nayawi
Friday: it is five days, the fifth day, Friday,
VII – nupáwuqunakat
friend, NA DEP – -itôp
frighten: he frightens him, scares him, VTA –
wisayfrighten: he is afraid, frightened, scared, VAI
– wisôsufrog, NA – kopayáhs frogs kopayáhsak
from: from, of, for, PREP – wuci
from: from that time, therefrom, thenceforth
(marks the beginning of time), ADV –
noci
from: out from, forth from, movement from
the place where or in which the action of
the verb begins, INITIAL – sáhfront: in front of someone, PREP – áyhqapi
front: in front of something, PREP –
áyaqáhtuk
fruit: fruit, NI – tayikinôk
fruits tayikinôkansh
full: it is full of, filled with, VII – yumwáy
full: full of sorrow, in sorrow, ADV –
ôqamámowi
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 76
fun, enjoyment, pleasure, happiness,
rejoicing, NI – wikôtamuwôk,
pleasures wikôtamuwôkansh
further on, beyond, away, ADV – ôkowi
futilely, in vain, for no reason, ADV – ákowi
future marker, ‘will’, PART mus
G
gains: he gains on him, has an advantage
over him, VTA, aniyuhamgamble, play at a betting game, VAI –
kusawasugarden, NI – tayhkihcáwôk
garden tayhkihcáwôkansh
garment, cloth, clothing, clothes, NI –
môyák cloths môyákunsh
garnish: he decorated it, garnished it, VTI –
áqátum
gate, door, doorway, NI – sqôt
doors sqôtásh
gather: gather (oneselves), assemble,
congregate, attend church meeting, VAI –
môwáwigather: gather it, pick it (as of fruit, or other
inanimate objects), VTI – mukunumgather: gathering place, a church, NI
môwáwikamuq
churches môwáwikamuqsh
genitalia (both male and female), NI DEP –
my genitalia nukôsuwôk
our genitalia kukôsuwôkunônash
gently, softly, slowly, ADV – mayuni
gesture of greeting, a hug, an embrace, NI –
wôqutuwôk
get: get off of, go outside, go out, exit, VAI –
qaciget: get up, arise, VAI – pasuqiget: get up, arise, as out of bed, VAI – ômkiget: gets wet, he is wet, VAI – wutukisuget: he comes to something, attains
something, VTI – piyawôtamghost, spirit, NA – cipay ghosts cipayak
gift: a gift, offering, NI – ayhkôsikamuq
offerings ayhkôsikamuqash
gift: he gives a gift to him, VTA – panôpaw
girl, NA – sqáhsihs girls sqáhsihsak
give: give him food, feed him, VTA – ahsamgive: give it to him, VTA – miygive: give it to me, PHRASE – misum!
plural misiq!
give: give it to us, PHRASE – misunán
give: give it up, quit it, throw it away, VTI –
pakitamgive: he gives a gift to him, VTA – panôpaw
give: gives forth bright light, it shines upon,
VTI/VII – wáhsumunglad: he rejoices, exults, is very glad; he is
boastful, VAI - muskowôtamglove, mitten, NI – micáhs gloves micáhsak
glutton, NA – wusámipowin
gluttons wusámipowinak
go: go (to a place), VAI – ôgo: go along, walk along, travel, VAI –
pumshágo: it goes around, encompasses (a boundary
line), VII – winushiyágo: go and, PREV – mawi
go: go away, head off, VAI – môcigo: go back, return, VAI – putukigo: go down, descend, VAI – wômsugo: go fast, quickly, VAI – kipshôgo: go fishing, fish (verb), VAI –
piyámáqcágo: he goes forth, departs, VAI – sáhamgo: a departure, a going forth, NI –
sáhamowôk
departures sáhamowôkansh
go: he goes from, comes from (a place), VAI
– wucshágo: it goes from, comes from (a place), VII –
wucshágo: he goes to get him, fetch him, VTA –
nimskawágo: go get it, fetch it, VTI – nimskamgo near: he goes or comes near, approaches,
VAI – pasotshágo: go out of or come out of, VAI kaciygo: go outside, go out, get off of, exit, VAI –
qacigo: go through, it continues going through,
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 77
VII – puquw
go: go to be alone, he withdraws, VAI –
nushágo: go to sweat in a sweatlodge, VAI –
pisupágo: he arises, goes upward, VAI – wápinágo: go up, ascend, VAI – qigo: go up into the air, he ascends, VAI –
spushágo: go with him, accompany him, VTI –
wicáwgo: it arises, goes upward, VII – wápimogo: where are you going, PHRASE – cáhak
kutihshá? plural cáhak kutihshámô?
go: where are we (inclusive) going, PHRASE
– cáhak kutihshámun?
go: goes a-wooing, VAI – sinitam
go: he goes by water, sails, VAI –
pômáhámgo: going to, intend to, about to, PREV katawi
go: gone, nothing, not any, none, PART –
mucáq
god, NA – manto gods mantowak
God, NA – Manto
good: he does good for another, VTA –
wuyinihiyángood: he does good, he does well, VAI –
wuyisi
good: he is good, looking good, pretty, VAI –
wikugood: it is good, good looking, VII – wikungood: it tastes good, is good to eat, VII –
wihpqat
good: it smells good, VII – wuyimôqat
good: good, well, ADV – wuyi
good: goodbye, PHRASE – nahunshásh
plural nahunsháq
good: good-looking: he is good-looking,
handsome, VAI – wikcogood: beauty, excellence, goodness, NI wuyituwôk
good: peace, good and calm times, NI wuyohtiyôk
good: good morning! PHRASE – wiqáhsun
good: good afternoon, PHRASE – wikun
qátáhqáw
good: good evening, PHRASE – wikun
wuyôksuw
good: good night, PHRASE – wikun tupkuw
good: good day, PHRASE – wikun kisk
good: it looks like good weather, it is a nice
day, VII – wiyôqat
goose, NA – káhôk geese káhôkak
gooseberry, NI – pasqatam
gooseberries pasqatamunsh
gourd, jar, bottle, NI – qôyowasq
gourds qôyowasqash
grandchild, NA DEP – -ohs my grandchildren
nohsak
grandfather, NA DEP – -okunáhs
my grandfather nokunáhsak
grandmother, NA DEP – -nánu
my grandmother nunánuk
grape, NI – winom grapes winomunsh
grasshopper, cricket, NA – qáqiqihshôt
crickets qáqiqihshôták
gray: it is gray, VII – wôpusákáyugray: he is gray, VII – wôpusákisugrease, oil, butter, NI – pum
great: it is big, great, VII – makáyugreat: he is great, mighty, big, VAI –
mushakigreat owl, NA – kôkciwiwis
great owls kôkciwiwis
greatest: chief, principal, greatest, PRENOUN
– kihtgreetings, hello, PHRASE – aquy
greetings, welcome, PART – wiqômun
green: he is green, VAI – askasqisugreen: it is green, VII – askasqáyugreet him, embrace him, salute him, VTA –
wôkumgrieve: he grieves, is sorrowful, VAI –
niyuwôtamgrieve: he is grieved or afflicted, in
affliction; he is suffering, VAI –
ôqánumwungrieve: he grieves for it, is sorrowful, VTI niyuwôtamgrieve: grief, sorrow, NI – niyuwôtamawôk
sorrows niyuwôtamawôkansh
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 78
grieve: sorely, severely, grievously, ADV –
ôqi
grind: cornmeal: make corn meal, grind corn
meal, VAI – yohkhikancáground, earth, dirt, land, NI – ki lands kish
ground: earthward, toward the ground, ADV
– kiyo
groundhog, woodchuck, NA – akasq
groundhogs akasqak
grow: it grows, VII – nikungrudge: he begrudges (it), he holds a grudge
against (it), VTI – matantamgull, NA – upucacup gulls upucacupak
gun, NI – páskhik guns páskhikansh
guts, belly, stomach, NI DEP – -yakus
our bellies kuyakusunônash
H
hair: body hair (of a person), hair of an
animal, NI – wihshákan (singular
indicates a single strand of hair)
my body hair nuwihshákansh,
his body hair uwihshákansh
hair ‘of the head’ (singular indicates a single
strand of hair), NA DEP – -ohpsk
all of my hair nohpskak
half: half, partly, ADV – cáhci
half: half, some, part (of), PART – pôhshi
hand: hand, NI DEP – -ic my hands nicish
hand: fist, NI – putuqunic
handle, NI – inôk handles inôkansh
handsome: he is good-looking, handsome,
pretty, VAI – wikcohappens: it happens, VAI – uspunawánhappens: it happens to him, VAI –
uspunawáhappy: he is happy, VAI – wiyayuhappy: he is happy, VAI - woyihappy: happiness, enjoyment, pleasure,
rejoicing, fun, NI – wikôtamuwôk
pleasures wikôtamuwôkansh
hard: it is difficult, hard, VII – sayakathard: it is hard, solid, rigid, VII – cáhsunharder: harder, firmer, ADV – minkiyi
harm: hurt him, injure him, harm him, VAI –
wisharvest (noun), NI – kipunumuwôk
harvests kipunumuwôkansh
harvest it, VTI – kipunumhastily, fast, quickly, in a hurry, ADV – kipi
hat, NI – ôhshoyhqôn,
hats ôhshoyhqônash
hatchet, axe, NI – takôk, axes takôkansh
hate: he hates him, VTA – sháyumhate: he hates it, VTI – shôhtamhave: he has him, VTA – wacônhave: he has it, keeps it, VTI – wacônumhave: have to, must, PART – côci
hawk, NA – awáhsh hawks awáhshák
he, she, him, her, PRON – nákum
head: he heads off, goes away, VAI – môcihead: head, NI DEP – -hkunôk
peoples’ heads m’hkunôkansh
head: headbone, skull, NI DEP – -skayôtup
peoples’ skulls muskayôtupash
head: head, FINAL – -ôtup
healthy: he is healthy, well, VAI – wiyámohealthy: be well, healthy, VII – kôkicáhealthy: I am in good health, PHRASE –
nukôkicá
heap: a heap, a pile, that which is heaped
high by placing one on top of another, NI
– káhtôquwuk
hear: he hears it, VTI – putamhear: he hears him, VTA – putawhear: he hears him, VTA – notáhear: he hears, VAI – notamhear: a hearing, NI – notamowôk
heart: heart, NI DEP – -táh my heart
nutáhash
heart: heart wood, NI – wikci
heart: heart berry, strawberry, NI – wutáhim
strawberries wutáhimunsh
heat: it is hot, heated (of substances or food,
not weather), VII – kusaputáheaven, sky, NI – kisuq
heavy: he is heavy, VAI – qusuqanheavy: it is heavy, VII – qusuqanheavy: light: it is light in weight, not heavy,
VII – yôkanheed: he takes heed of something, VTA –
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 79
nuqusônoheed: he takes heed, acts cautiously, VAI nuqusunáheight, NI – qunôhqusuwôk
heights qunôhqusuwôkansh
hello, greetings, PHRASE – aquy
help him, VTA – ayunamawhem, edge, rim, NI – wus edges wusásh
hen, female bird, NA - môyhsh
hens moyhshak
henceforth, from that time, therefrom, ADV –
noci
her: he, she, him, her, PRON – nákum
here, PART – yotay
hide, skin, NA – shay
hide: he hides, is hidden, VAI – putaqihide: he hides it, VTI – kôctohigh: he is tall, high, VAI – qunôhqusuhigh: it is tall, high, VII – qunôkanhigh: a summit or high place, the top of a
hill, NI – káhtkôwi
high: a high hill, a summit, point of rock or
earth, a crag, NI – kusáhkôy
high hills kusáhkôyash
high: high up, upward, above, ADV –
wáwápi
hill, mountain, NI – wacuw
hills wacuwash
him: he, she, him, her, PRON – nákum
hisses, he whistles, VAI – qiksomuhit: he hits him, strikes him, beats him, VTA
– takamhit: he hits it, strikes it, beats it, VTI –
takatamho! look! INTERJ – cuh
hold: he holds him, VTA – mihkunhold: he holds it, VTI – mihkunumhold: he stretches forth, holds out his hand
or something in his hand, VTI – samakun
hold: he stretches forth, holds out his hand
or something in his hand, VII – samakun
hold: he begrudges it, he holds a grudge
against it, VTI – matantamhole, NI – puqu
holy: it is holy, sacred, blessed, VII –
wuyitupôhtam-
home: home, house, lodge, NI – -ik
my homes nikash
honor: he honors, shows respect to him, VTA
– qutuyánumáwhonor: he honors, showsrespect to it, VTI qutuyôtamhoof, nail, claw, NA DEP – -hkas
hooves m’hkasak
horn, antler, NA – áskôn horns áskônak
horse, NA – husihs horses husihsak
hot: he is hot, feels hot, VAI – kusápusuhot: it is hot (of weather), VII – kusutáhot: it is hot, heated (of substances or food,
not weather), VII – kusaputáhouse: a house, a dwelling-place, NI – wicuw
houses wicômash
house: a sod house, NI – cáhqin
sod houses cáhqinsh
house: home, house, lodge, NI DEP – -ik my
homes nikash
house: wigwam, a round Indian dwelling, NI
– wiqám wigwams wiqámsh
house: an artificial enclosure, a building not
used for a dwelling, NI kamuq
enclosures kamuqsh
how much, how many (animate), PART –
cáhsuw
how much, how many (inanimate), PART –
cáhshi
how (in questions), PART – tôn
how are you, PHRASE – tôn kutaya
plural tôn kutayamô
how do you say, PHRASE – tôn kutiwá?
plural tôn kutiwámô?
how, as, in such a way, thus, so, PART – uy,
‘this way’ – yo uy
howl: he screams, yells, howls like a wild
animal, VAI – ononhug, an embrace, a gesture of greeting, NI –
wôqutuwôk
huge, big, PRENOUN – kôkcihull, nut shell, husk, fish scale, NI –
wahakay husks wahakayash
human: Indian, human, regular person, NA –
inskitôp people inskitôpák
hundred, NUM (numeral used after the
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 80
numbers 1 through 9 to form multiples of
a hundred; also an alternate term for
'one') – pásuq
hungry: he is hungry, VAI – yôtumhunt, go on a hunt, VAI – acáhunting, hunt (noun), NI – acáwôk
hunts acáwôkansh
hurry: be in a hurry, VII – cáyhqatumhurry: hastily, fast, quickly, in a hurry, ADV
– kipi
hurt: he is in pain, he hurts, VAI –
ôhqamamuhurt: he hurts him, injures him, harms him,
VAI – wishusband, NA – -áhsuk husbands náhsukak
husk, hull, nut shell, fish scale, NI –
wahakay hulls wahakayash
I
I, me, PRON – ni
I don't know, PART – tatô
ice, NI – kupat ices kupatunsh
ill: be sick, ill, perish, VII – máhcunáimbibe: he sucks, imbibes, VAI – nonôtamimmediately, presently, quickly, ADV –
tiyanuk
in, inside (of), PREP – ayômi
in order that, so as to, for the purpose of,
PREV – wáci
increase: he adds to it, increases it, VTI –
kotunihto
increase: more and more, increasingly, ADV
– nanô
injure: hurt him, injure him, harm him, VAI –
wisintend to, going to, about to, PREV – katawi
Indian: Indian, human, regular person, NA –
inskitôp people inskitôpák
Indian: Indian corn, corn, NI – wiwáhcum
corns wiwáhcumunsh
Indian-style house: a sod house, NI – cáhqin
sod houses cáhqinsh
Indian-style house, wigwam, a round Indian
dwelling, NI – wiqám
wigwams wiqámsh
infant: child, baby, NA - páhpohs
babies páhpohsak
infant: an infant, a child, NA – piyusihs
infants piyusihsak
information: tell news, information, a story,
VAI – ôcimuinformation: tell something to someone, tell
someone news or a story, VTA –
ôcimohkawinside (of), in, PREP – ayômi
insufficient, not enough, ADV – notáhshá
intently: he looks intently at him, observes
him, VTA – môyiyawintently: he looks intently at it, observes it,
VTI – môyiyamis: it is located, it is at a place, VII – áhtáis: is it (adverb of asking) , ADV – sun
is: is it not (adverb of asking) , ADV –
sunamutu
is: it is so, is thus, is that way, VII – uyáyuisland, NI – munhan islands munhansh
instead, rather, but, only, PART – wipi
it is, it exists (not used with a location), VII –
iyaki-
J
jacket, coat, NI – akuwôk
coats akuwôkansh
jar, gourd, bottle, NI – qôyowasq
gourds qôyowasqash
jaw, chin, NI DEP – -tôpkan
our chins nutôpkanunônash
jealous: he is jealous, VAI – uskawusujob: work, a job, NA – ayhkôsuwôk
jobs ayhkôsuwôkansh
jump, VAI – qihshôjust: uprightness (in doing), justice,
righteousness, NI – sôpwiyusiwôk
just: a just man, one who acts with justice or
righteousness, NA – sôpwiyusiwin just
men sôpwiyusiwinak
K
keep: keep it, have it, VTI – wacônum-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 81
keep: he keeps watch, he watches, VAI asqitiyáw
kettle: small kettle, cooking pot, NA –
kohqihs little pots kohqihsak
kettle: kettle, cooking pot, NA – kohq kettles
kohqak
kill: he kills him, VTA – nuhshkind: she loves him, is kind to him, VTA –
wômôyákind: kindly, lovingly, ADV – wômôyihtáwi
kind: he is kind, loving, VAI – wômôyásukind: he is kind, VAI – wômôsun
kind: love (in exercise, or directed to an
object), kindness (manifested), NI –
wômôsunuwôk
king: king, NA – kitasot kings kitasotash
king: he is king, VAI – kitasotamkiss: he kisses him, VTA – cupwutonapwá
kiss: he kisses it, VTI – cupwatam knee, NI DEP – -hkutuq
my knees n’hkutuqash
knife, NI – punitôk knives punitôkansh
know: he knows him, VTA – wáhknow: he knows it, VTI – wáhtoknow: I don't know, PART – tatô
know: understanding, knowledge, NI –
owohtamowôk
understandings owohtamowôkansh
L
lack: he is lacking, is wanting, needs, VAI –
qináwusuladder: ladder, NI – táhkotáwôk
ladders táhkotáwôkansh
lake, pond, NI – nupsapáq
ponds nupsapáqash
lamp, candle, NI – wiqanôtik
lamps wiqanôtikansh
land, earth, dirt, ground, NI – ki lands kish
language: language, NI – uyôtowáwôk
languages uyôtowáwôkansh
language: language, word, NI –
kikátohkáwôk
words kikátohkáwôkansh
large: it is big, large, VII – sháyu-
last: last (in order), ADV – macush
last: the very last, ADV – mawmacish
late: after a while, it is late, a long time, VII –
cikiyulate: lately, ADV – paswu
late: later, later on, in a while, ADV – páhsut
laugh: he laughs, VAI – háhanulazy: be lazy, VII – mikiskutulead: he leads him there, leads him to a
certain place, VTA – uyasunleaf: leaf, NI – wunipaq leaves wunipaqash
leaf: leaves fall, VII – punipakatleaf: leaves of a tree, NI – kôpako
learn: he learns it, VTI – nihtoleave: he leaves him, abandons him, VTA –
nukayleave: leave him behind VTA – asqitiyámleave: leave it, abandon it, VTI – nukatumleft: left, left side, NI – miyac
my left numiyac
left: left, leftward, ADV – miyaco
leg, NI – -hkôt my legs n’hkôtash
legend, myth, NI – ôtshohkôk
myths ôtshohkôkansh
legging, stocking, sock, NI – kôkuw
socks kôkuwansh
lest, otherwise, PART – skôt
letter: letter, book, writing, NI – wuskhwik
books wuskhwikansh
letter: letter, sign, mark, NI – kunasuwôk
letters kunasuwôkansh
lick: he licks it, VTI – nosqatamlie: he lies upon it, VAI – apsunlie: he lies down (as on his bed), VAI –
sipsunlife: life, NI – pumôtamuwôk
lives pumôtamuwôkansh
life: life principal: living or being alive; the
life principle or vital force, ‘the soul’,
NA – kitiyayôk souls kitiyawôkak
lift it, VTI – uspunumlight: it is light in weight, not heavy, VII – ,
yôkanlight: light, NI – wiqay
light: moonlight, NI – wiqáshum
light: it shines upon, gives forth bright light
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 82
VTI/VII – wáhsumun-
light: emitted light, a shining forth, NI –
wáhsumowôk
lightning: there is lightning, lightning
flashes, VII – wôwôsôpshálike: he likes it, enjoys it, VTI – wikôtamlike: like to eat him, VTA – wikimohlike: like to eat it, VTI – wikimiculike: like, similar to, PREP – aqi
likewise, in the same way, as also, PART –
nánuk
limb: limb, NI – toshkana
limbs toshkanash
limit: the end, the utmost limit, NI – wihqsh
lip, NI – susiton lips susitonash
liquor, alcohol, rum, NI – ôhkupi
liquors ôhkupish
listen: he listens to him, VTA – kihtawlisten: PHRASE – kihtaw! plural kihtôhq!
listen: let’s listen to him, PHRASE –
kihtawôtuk!
listen: he listens to it, VTI – kihtamlisten: PHRASE – kihtamsh!
plural kihtamoq!
listen: let’s listen to it, PHRASE –
kihtamutuk!
little: he is little, VAI – piwilittle: it is little, VII – piwilittle: it is little, small, VII – piwáhculittle: little bit, only a little, ADV – kôcuci
little: little dog, puppy, NA – ayumihs
puppies ayumihsak
little: little one, NA – pisihs little ones
pisihsak
little: little one, NA – mihkawihs
little ones mihkawihsak
little: little owl, NA – kohkokihs
little owls kohkokihsak
live: he lives, is alive, VAI – pumôtamlive: he lives at, dwells, VAI – wut’hki‘have as one’s land’– wutkiwôk
live: living or being alive; the life principle
or vital force, ‘the soul’, NA – kitiyayôk,
lives kitiyawôkak
lobster, NA – mushôc, lobsters mushôcák
located: he is located, stays, is at a place, VAI
– apu-
located: it is located, it is at a place, VII –
áhtálodge: home, house, lodge, NI – -ik
my homes nikash
lone: he goes to be alone, withdraws, VAI –
nushálone: he is alone, VAI – nusulone: he remains alone, VAI – nusiqônilone: alone, ADV – nusuwi
long: it is long, VII – qunáyulong: it is a long time, VII – quniqôpáyulong: long time: after a while, it is late, a
long time, VII – cikiyulong: long, PRENOUN – qunilong: long time ago, since long ago, ADV –
yôwat
look: look at him, VTA – kunawlook: look at it, VTA – kunamlook: look at him, look for him, VTA –
natáwôpamáwlook: look at it, look for it, VTA – natáwôpulook: look for him, chase him, VTA –
natskawlook: he looks forth, looks out (as from a
window or door), VAI - sáhoqáyulook: he looks for it, VTI – natskamlook: looks like, resembles, VII –
aquniwôqatlook: he looks intently at him, observes him,
VTA – môyiyawlook: he looks intently at it, observes it, VTI –
môyiyamlook: look! ho! INTERJ – cuh
look: he looks out from, he views, VAI –
wusôpi
looking good: he is good, looking good,
pretty, VAI – wikuloudly, ADV – mushôtowi
love: love (abstract), NI – wômôyáwôk
love: he loves him, VTA – wômôylove: he loves it, VTI – wômôhtamlove: loving each other, VAI – wômôyutan
love: love, they love each other NI –
wômôyutuwôk
loves wômôyutuwôkansh
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 83
love: he loves him, is kind to him, VTA –
wômôyálove: he loves it, VTA – wômôhtamlove: he is kind, loving, VAI – wômôyásulove: kindly, lovingly, ADV – wômôyihtáwi
love: of love, loving, ADV – wômôyásuwilove: lover, NA – wômôyutaniwin
love: love (in exercise, or directed to an
object), kindness (manifested), NI –
wômôsunuwôk
love: I love you, PHRASE – kuwômôyush
love: your loving cousin, PHRASE –
Wômôyáw Katôks
lunch: eat lunch, VAI – pôhshqáhp(w)u-
M
maggot, worm, NA – ohq worms ohqák
magic skills, NI – páwáwtawôk
mainland, NI – kitakamuko
make: he makes him, VTA – ayiyaw
make: he makes someone do something, VTA
– ayumawáwmake: he makes it for him, VTA – wustawmake: he makes him, VTA – wusuhmake: he makes something do something,
VTI – ayumawáwmake: he makes it VTI – ayum
make: he makes it, VTI – wustomake: he contends, makes war, VAI –
mikôtiyámake: make a fire, VAI – potawámake: make corn meal, grind corn meal, VAI
– yohkhikancámake: waste, a making of waste, NI –
máhchumwihtuwôk
wastes máhchumwihtuwôkansh
make: that which makes a cover or covers,
NI – ôqhasuwôk
covers ôqhasuwôkansh
man: man, NA – in men inak
man: a man; a captive or tributary, NA –
musinun people musinunak
man: man's brother, NA – -imat
brothers nimatak
man: young man, older boy, NA – yôkôp
young men yôkôpák
manure: manure, dung, feces, shit, NI –
mikucut manures mikucutash
many: be many, much, plentiful (animate
things, people, and animals), VII –
mutáwimany: be many, much, abundant (inanimate
things), VII – mutáwiyumany: be few in number, not many (of
people or animals), VII – akôhsihsumany: how much, how many (animate),
PART – cáhsuw
many: how much, how many (inanimate),
PART – cáhshi
many: too much, too many, too, PART –
wusômi
mark: mark, letter, sign, NI – kunasuwôk
letters kunasuwôkansh
marriage, wedding, NI – w’sintamuwôk
weddings w’sintamuwôkansh
marsh, swamp, NI – cáq swamps cáqash
marvel: a wonder, a marvel, something that
causes amazement, NI –
môcanatamwahuwôk
marvels môcanatamwahuwôkansh
mastery: he has the mastery, he overcomes,
he prevails, VAI – sôqhuwámat: embroidered mats which women make
to line the wigwam, NI – manátawpana
mats manátawpanash
matrix, womb, NI – ôtômuk wombs
ôtômukansh
may: may or can; combined with a verb it
shows possibility, PREV – wáhmaybe, perhaps, ADV – páhki
me, I, PRON – ni
meal: meal, NI – mitsuwôk
meals mitsuwôkansh
meal: he eats it with him, he shares a meal
with him, VTI – wipumámeans: it says so, means, signifies, VII –
iwômumeasure: measure him, weigh him, VTA –
qutahmeasure: measure it, weigh it, VTI –
qutaham-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 84
measure: a rule (literally: measured between
the lines), NI – qutuhikan
rules qutuhikansh
measure: a unit of measurement the length
of the hand to the elbow [a cubit]
preceded by a number, FINAL –
-isqanákát
meat, NI – wiyawhs meats wiyawhsash
medicine: medicine, NI – masktin medicines
masktinsh
medicine: medicine man, shaman, NA –
môyikow medicine men môyikowak
medicine: a dispenser of medicine, a
pharmacist, NA – pônaskihtuwásuwin
pharmacists pônaskihtuwásuwinak
medicine: inner bark of a tree (used for
medicine), NI – iqipu
meet: he meets him, VTA – nakuskawmeet: nice to have met you, PHRASE –
nuwikôtam nákuskôyôn
plural nuwikôtam nákuskôyak
memory: he remembers him, VTA –
mihqônumawmemory: he remembers it, VTI - mihqôtammemory: memory, NI – mihqônumuwôk
memories mihqônumuwôkansh
mend: he mends it, VTI – ôc’tiyámidday: it is noon, midday, VII – pôhshqámiddle: in the middle, in the midst, PREP –
yuw’i
middle of, among, PREP – yáyôwi
mighty: he is great, mighty, big, VAI –
mushakimilk: woman’s milk, NI – miyunôk
milk: milk of animals, NI – sáhkátôk
milk: milk curd, NI – cupisakatôk
minute: a point, a minute, a moment, NI –
cáwhki minutes cáwhkish
mirror, NI – pipinacucôhqôk
mirrors pipinacucôhqôkansh
miserable: he is pitiful, poor, wretched,
miserable, VAI – kucumôkusumitten, glove, NI – micáhs gloves micáhsak
moccasin, shoe, NI – máhkus
shoes máhkusunsh
Mohegan: Mohegan Indian, NA – mohiks
Mohegans mohiksak, mohiks-inak
Mohegan: Mohegan, Mohegan Indian, NA –
moyahikaniw
Mohegans moyahikaniwak
moment: a point, a minute, a moment, NI –
cáwhki minutes cáwhkish
Monday: it is one day, first day, Monday, VII
– nuqutuqunakat
money (English loan; usually used in
plural), NI – muni money munish
moon, month, NA – wiyon moons wiyonak
moose, NA – mos mooses mosak
more, ADV – áyuwi
morning: in the morning, ADV – yôpôwi
mortar for pounding corn, NI – taqôk
mortars taqôkansh
mother, NA – -nonôk my mother nunonôk
mother-in-law, NA – -suks
my mother-in-law nusuksak
mountain, hill, NI – wacuw hills wacuwash
mouse, NA – apqáhs mice apqáhsak
mouth, NI DEP – -ton my mouth nuton
our mouths nutonunônash
move: he moves, stirs, VAI – mômôcimuch: be many, much, plentiful (animate
things, people, and animals), VII –
mutáwimuch: be many, much, abundant (inanimate
things), VII – mutáwiyumuch: very, really, exceedingly, much, PART
– mutáwi
much: how much, how many (animate),
PART – cáhsuw
much: how much, how many (inanimate),
PART – cáhshi
much: too much, too many, too, PART –
wusômi
mush: cornmeal mush, corn soup, NI – sôp
music: music, NI – pupiqáwôk musics
pupiqáwôkansh
music: he plays music, plays a flute, VAI –
pupiqámusic: musical instrument, flute, NI – pupiq
flutes pupiqansh
must, have to, PART – côci
mutual strife, contention, NI –
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 85
pinowanutuwôk
myth, legend, NI – ôtshohkôk
myths ôtshohkôkansh
N
nail, hoof, claw, NA DEP – -hkas
hooves n’hkasak
name: name, NI – wisuwôk names
wisuwôkansh
name: name him, call him (something), VTA
– ahuyname: he is named, called, VAI – usuwisuname: what is your name, what are you
called, PHRASE – tôn kutusuwis?
plural tôn kutusuwisumô?
navel, bellybutton, NI DEP – -iywi
our navels kiywinônash
near: nearly, almost, ADV – ciwi
near: near, by, next to, PREP – kuski
near: it is near, VII – paswáhtoneck, NI DEP – -sucipuk
our necks kusucipukanônash
need: he needs, is lacking, is wanting, VAI –
qináwusuneighbor: neighbor NA DEP – -côcitám my
neighbors nucôcitamak
neither: either, or, CONJ – asu (mut asu:
nor, neither)
nephew, niece, NA DEP – -yuqáhs
my nephew nuyuqáhsak
nest, NI – wac
net, NI – hashap nets hashapash
never, ADV – mutôm
new: he is young, new, VAI – wuskinunew: it is new, VII – wuskáyunew, PRE-NOUN – wuskinew: newly, new, 2young, 3in the beginning,
ADV – wiski
news: tell news, information, a story, VAI –
ôcimunews: tell something to someone, tell
someone news or a story, VTA –
ôcimohkawnext: next to, near, by, PREP – kuski
next: next, second, for a second time, ADV –
naháhtôwi
nice day: it looks like good weather, it is a
nice day, VII – wiyôqat
niece, nephew, NA DEP – -yuqáhs
my nephew nuyuqáhsak
night: it is night, VII – tupkunight: tonight, PHRASE yo tápkuk
night: at night, during the night – ADV
nipôwi
night: all night, ADV – wôpani
nine, NUM – pásukokun
ninety, NUM – pásukokun-shuncák
ninth, NUM – pásukokunut
no: no, not, PART – mutu, mut
no: none, nothing, not any, gone, PART –
mucáq
no: not, no, PART – mutu
no: not many: be few in number, not many
(of people or animals), VII – akôhsihsuno: either, or, CONJ – asu (mut asu: nor,
neither)
no: not enough, insufficient, ADV –
notáhshá
no: not yet, before, PART – ásqam
no: nothing, none, not any, gone, PART –
mucáq
noon: it is noon, midday, VII – pôhshqánorth, northward, ADV – nanumayo
nose, NI DEP – -côy my nose nucôyush
now, ADV – iyo
nut shell, hull, husk, fish scale, NI –
wahakay hulls wahakayash
O
obey: he obeys it, VTI – wôwistamobserve: he looks intently at him, observes
him, VTA – môyiyawobserve: he looks intently at it, observes it,
VTI – môyiyamobtain: he receives it, obtains it, VTI –
watunumocean, sea, NI – kiht’han oceans kiht’hansh
of, from, for, PREP – wuci
offering: a gift, offering, NI –
ayhkôsikamuq
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 86
offerings ayhkôsikamuqash
office, NI –makowôk,
offices ayhkôsikamuqash
offspring: one's child, offspring, NA DEP –
-nicôn my children nunicônak
often, commonly, ADV – wikôci
oil, butter, grease, NI – pum
old (only for objects, not people), PRENOUN
– nukôni
old person, elder, old man, NA – cáyhs
elders cáyhsak
old woman, female elder, NA – winay old
women winayak
older brother, NA DEP – -ntôyuks
older brothers nuntôyuksak
older sister, NA DEP – -msihs
older sisters numsihsak
on top of, over, above, upon, PREP – waskici
one, NUM – nuqut
one, (alternate form of hundred) NUM –
pásuq
one day: it is one day, first day, Monday, VII
– nuqutuqunakat
onion: wild onion, NA – winuwáhs
onions winuwáhsak
only: only, ADV – cánaw
only: only, but, rather, instead, PART – wipi
only: an only child, either gender, NA –
nuqutukiyun
only children nuqutukiyunak
only: only a little, a little bit, ADV – kôcuci
open: he opens it, VTI – woshunumunopen: he opens it, VTI – yôcánumopossum, NA – ápasum
opossums ápasumak
opposition: against, in opposition ADV –
ayiyukôni
or, either, CONJ – asu (mut asu: nor,
neither)
origin: it begins, has its origin or source,
ADV – koci
otherwise, elsewhere, ADV – ôkutakanuk
otherwise, lest, PART – skôt
other, another, PRON – ôkutak
others ôkutakansh (inanimate),
others ôkutakanak (animate)
other side, on the other side, across, across
water, PREP – akômuk
otter, NA – kunamáks otters kunamáksak
out: out from, forth from, movement from
the place where or in which the action of
the verb begins, INITIAL – sáhout: he goes outside, goes out, gets off of,
exits, VAI – qaciout: go outside, outdoors, ADV – qaci
oven, stove, NI – tanishunimuk
ovens tanishunimukansh
over: over, on top of, above, upon, PREP –
waskici
over: over there, yonder, (implies a further
distance away than nitay: there), ADV –
yokcôwi
overcast: it is cloudy, overcast, VII – kupqatovercome: he overcomes, he has the
mastery, he prevails, VAI – sôqhuwáoverwhelm: he covers it over, envelops it,
overwhelms it, VTI – nukámunowl, NA – kokotayam
owls kokotayamak
owl: screech owl, NA – wiwis
screech owls wiwisak
owl: great owl, NA – kôkciwiwis
great owls kôkciwiwis
owl: little owl, NA – kohkokihs
little owls kohkokihsak
oyster, NA – aponah oysters aponahak
P
pack basket, tumpline, (basket with cord
held over forehead) NI – matôpi
pack baskets matôpish
paddle: he paddles or rows (a boat) , VAI –
cimapain: he is in pain, hurts, VAI – ôhqamamupain: physical pain, sorrow, torment, NI –
ôqamámowôk
pains ôqamámowôkansh
paint: he paints it, VTI – ayakunumpair: it is a pair, NI – nisuwak
palm (of the hand), NI DEP – -ayômanic
my palms nayômanic
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 87
pants, trousers, NI – átwun
pairs of pants átwunsh
parent, ancestors, NA – -ocituwôk
my ancestors nocituwôkanak
part: the portion or share of one person, a
share, a part, NI - nuqutcipay
part: it is (a) part, VII – cupáyupart of: some, part (of), half, PART – pôhshi
partly, half, ADV – cáhci
pass: he passes through (as through a place
or a country), VAI – papaspushá
pass: he passes over, crosses, VAI –
quskacápast tense marker, used to, was and is no
more, PART – mô
path, road, way, NI – máy paths máy
peace: aquyá, NI – peace; refrain from
fighting
peace: a calm of peace NI – áwipun
peace: peace, good and calm times, NI wuyohtiyôk
pencil, pen, NI – wuskhwôsuwôk
pencils wuskhwôsuwôkansh
people: a man; a captive or tributary, NA –
musinun people musinunak
perhaps, maybe, ADV – páhki
peril: dangerous, perilous, ADV – nuniqi
peril: in peril, in danger, ADV – nuqôhtuk
perish: he is sick, ill, perishes, VII –
máhcunápersevere: perseverance, continuance, NI –
naqutiwowôk
person: person, Indian, human, regular
person, NA – skitôp people skitôpák
person: who is that person, PHRASE – awán
na skitôp? plural awán na skitôpak
pestle, NI – qinhsunôk
pestles qinhsunôkansh
pharmacist: a dispenser of medicine, a
pharmacist, NA – pônaskihtuwásuwin
pharmacists pônaskihtuwásuwinak
physician: a physician, NA – pônaskihtawin
doctors pônaskihtawinak
pick: he picks it, gathers it (as of fruit, or
other inanimate objects), VTI –
mukunum-
piece: a piece, a portion, or fragment of, NI –
kackáy pieces kackáyash
pieces: he breaks (it) in pieces, pulls (it) to
pieces, VTI – sáhqunumpieces: he breaks it into small pieces, beats it
or pounds it, VTI – sáhqutáhampieces: he cuts (it) into small pieces, VTI –
sáhqusumpieces: he cuts (him) into small pieces, VTA
– sáhquswápig, NA – piksihs pigs piksihsak
pile: a pile, a heap, that which is heaped
high by placing one on top of another, NI
– káhtôquwuk
pine, fir, NA – kow pines kowák
pitiful: he is pitiful, poor, wretched,
miserable, VAI – kucumôkusuplace: he puts him, places him, VTA – ponplace: he is located, stays, is at a place, VAI –
apuplace: it is located, it is at a place, VII – áhtáplace: a place, a dwelling place NI – ayuwôk
places ayuwôkansh
plant: do planting, plant something, VAI –
kihcáplant: planting, plant(s), NI – kihcáwôk
plate, dish, NI – wiyôk plates wiyôkansh
play: he plays, VAI – pôhpuplay: he plays music, plays a flute, VAI –
pupiqáplay: he plays with him, VTA – pôhpplay: he plays at a betting game, gamble, VAI
– kusawasuplay: he plays rushes, straw game; also
count, does counting, VAI – akisuplease: pleasantly, beautifully, well, ADV –
wi
please: please (used for politeness in
requests), PHRASE – kuwihqitumôsh
please: he beautifies it, to render beautiful or
pleasing, VTI - wuyihtiyáwunplease: pleasure, enjoyment, happiness,
rejoicing, fun, NI – wikôtamuwôk
pleasures wikôtamuwôkansh
plentiful: they are many, much, plentiful
(animate things, people, and animals), VII
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 88
– mutáwiplunge: he plunges (into whatever), he casts
himself, VAI – sowinápoint: a point, a minute, a moment, NI –
cáwhki points cáwhkish
pond, lake, NI – nupsapáq
ponds nupsapáqash
poor: he is pitiful, poor, wretched,
miserable, VAI – kucumôkusuporcupine, NA – kôq porcupines kôqak
porpoise, NA – tatakámô
porpoises tatakámôk
porcupine quill, NI – kôwu quills kôwush
portion: a piece, a portion, or fragment of, NI
– kackáy
portion: the portion or share of one person, a
share, a part, NI - nuqutcipay
possible: may or can; combined with a verb
it shows possibility, PREV – wáhpot: kettle, cooking pot NA – kohq
pots kohqak
pot: small kettle, cooking pot, NA – kohqihs
small pots kohqihsak
potato, NA – pun potatoes punák
pouch, purse, NI – pitôk, pouchs pitôkansh
pound: it is dusty, VII – sáhqi
pound: it is pounded, VII – sáhqutáháypound: it is in small pieces, dust or powder,
VII – sáhqupound: he breaks it into small pieces, beats it
or pounds it, VTI – sáhqutáhampound: pounded parched corn meal
(uncooked), NI – yohkhik
pour: he pours forth (water), he pours it out,
VAI – sáhkinumpour: it pours, VII – sáhkimopowder: it is in a powder, VII – suqipowder: it is in small pieces, dust or powder,
VII – sáhqupray: he prays, VAI – ôkosupresently, immediately, quickly, ADV –
tiyanuk
preserve: he saves it, preserves it, VTI –
tômwihtopretty: he is good-looking, handsome, pretty
VAI – wikco-
prevail: he has the mastery, he overcomes,
he prevails, VAI – sôqhuwáprincipal: it is chief, principal, superior, VII –
kihciprincipal: chief, principal, greatest,
PRENOUN – kihtproper: it is straight, right, proper, VII –
sôpáyuprotection from the elements: a covering, NI
– apqáwôk
proud: he is proud, VII – pucuwanumupull: he pulls it back, withdraws it, draws it
away, VTI – wutôtunumpull: he pulls one thing out of another
kátunum-, VTI
pull: he breaks (it) in pieces, pulls (it) to
pieces, VTI – sáhqunumpumpkin, squash, NI – áskot
punpkins áskotash
puppy, little dog, NA – ayumohs
puppies ayumohsak
purple, he is violet, VAI – pishawisupurple, it is violet, VII – pishawáyupurpose: he thinks so, purposes, wills, VAI –
uyôhtumpurpose: for the purpose of, so as to, in order
that, PREV – wáci
purpose: he determines, resolves, purposes,
decides, VAI – pakatôtám
purpose: he determines it, resolves it,
purposes it, decides it, VTI – pakatôtámpurse, pouch, pitôk, NI – purses pitôkansh
push out into a lake or open water, VAI –
mamitawásiput: he puts him, places him, VTA – ponput: he puts it in, VTI – pitoput: he puts it, VTA – ponamput: he puts it there, PHRASE – nitay
ponamsh plural nitay ponamoq
put it: Let’s put it there, PHRASE – nitay
ponomutuk
put: he puts it on (of clothes), wear it, VTI –
aqunum-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 89
Q
quahog, round clam, NA – poqáh
clams poqáhak
quail, bobwhite, NA – pohpohqutihs
quails pohpohqutihsak
question: he asks him, questions him, VTA –
natotumquick: quickly, immediately, presently, ADV
– tiyanuk
quick: quickly, fast, hastily, in a hurry, ADV
– kipi
quick: quick, quickly, ADV – skisho
quick: he goes quickly, fast, VAI – kipshôquiet: he is quiet, sits still, VAI – ciqunapuquill of a porcupine, NI – kôwu
quills kôwush
quill work, NI – kôwun
quill works kôwunsh
quit: he quits, stop (something), VAI – áhqiquit: he quits it, throw it away, give it up, VTI
– pakitamquiver, NI – pitan quivers pitansh
R
rabbit, NA – tuksáhs rabbits tuksáhsak
raccoon, NA – áhsup raccoons áhsupanak
rain: rain, NI – sokuyôn rains sokuyônsh
rain: it rains, there is rain, VII – sokuyôn
rain: it is rainy, VII – sokuyôqatrain: there is a great rain, a lot of rain, a
downpour, VII – mushuyôn
rain: rainbow, NA – uqanaqôn
rainbows uqanaqônak
raise: he raises him up, VTA – ômohkáraise: he raises it up, VTI – ômohkamraise: it rises, arises, VII – ômohkumrat, NA – mushapqáhs rats mushapqáhsak
rather, but, only, instead, PART – wipi
rattlesnake, NA – sihsiq
rattlesnakes sihsiqák
reach: it reaches to, ends at, VTI –
wihqshiyáread: he reads, VAI – akitusuready: he is ready, VAI – qáhshapureally: very, really, exceedingly, much, PART
– mutáwi
reason: speak of, reason, consult together
[these talks are reciprocal and collective],
VTI - wiyôqutumreason: for no reason, futilely, in vain, ADV
– ákowi
receive: he receives it, obtains it, VTI –
watunumrecompense: he gives recompense, rewards,
VTI – ôqatantamrecover: he recovers, feels better, VAI – kicáred: he is red, VAI – musqisured: it is red, VII – musqáyured: red oak, NI – wisacumus
red oaks wisacumusish
red: red squirrel, NA – musqaniks
red squirrels musqaniksak
red: red-tailed hawk, NA – musqayan
red-tailed hawks musqayanák
refrain from fighting: peace; refrain from
fighting – NI aquyá
rejoice: he rejoices, exults, is very glad; he is
boastful, VAI - muskowôtamrejoice: rejoicing, happiness, enjoyment,
pleasure, fun, NI – wikôtamuwôk
pleasures wikôtamuwôkansh
remain: he remains VAI – asqitiyáremain: he who remains NA – asqshôt
remain: the remainder, what is left NI –
asqshôk, remainders asqshôkansh
remember: he remembers him, VTA –
mihqônumawremember: he remembers it, VTI mihqôtamremember: memory, NI – mihqônumuwôk
memories mihqônumuwôkansh
remember: remembrance, a memorial, NI –
mihqôtamowôk
memorials mihqôtamowôkansh
render: he beautifies it, to render beautiful or
pleasing, VTI - wuyihtiyáwunreply: he answers, replies, VAI – yôpohamreply: an answer, reply, NI – yôpohamuwôk
answers yôpohamuwôkansh
resemble: it resembles, looks like, VII –
aquniwôqat-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 90
respect: he honors, shows respect to him,
VTA – qutuyánumáwrespect: he honors, shows respect to it, VTI qutuyôtamrespect: he conducts himself with respect to
him, acts or deals with him respectfully,
VTA – uyihiyô
residence, address, NI – wut’hkiwôk,
addresses wut’hkiwôkansh
resolve: he determines, resolves, purposes,
decides, VAI – pakatôtám
resolve: he determines it, resolves it,
purposes it, decides it, VTI – pakatôtámreturn: he returns, goes back, VAI – putukireturn: he returns again, he goes back [with
locative indirect object], VAI – ôpôcureturn: it returns [with locative indirect
object], VII – ôpôcumreturn: a return, a turning back, NI –
quskiyôk returns quskiyôkansh
return: returning, back, ADV – quski
reward: he gives recompense, rewards, VTI –
ôqatantamrib, NI DEP – -hpicák my ribs n’hpicákansh
rice: wild rice, wheat, NA – mayom
rices mayomunsh
riches: riches, NI - wiyáwituwôk
right: it is right, true, correct, VII –
wimonáyuright: that is right, true, correct, PHRASE – ni
wimonáyuw
right: it is straight, right, proper, VII –
sôpáyuright: uprightness (in doing), justice,
righteousness, NI – sôpwiyusiwôk
right: a just man, one who acts with justice
or righteousness, NA – sôpwiyusiwin just
men sôpwiyusiwinak
right, right side, NI DEP – -tunuk,
our right sides nutunukunônak
right: to the right, on the right, ADV –
inkáwi
rigid: it is hard, solid, rigid, VII – cáhsunrim, hem, edge, NI – wus rims wusásh
rise: it rises, arises, VII – ômohkumrise: it is sunrise, the sun rises, VII –
pátôhtáriver: river, NI – áhsit rivers áhsitash
river: river, NI – sipo rivers siposh
road, path, way, NI – máy roads máy
roast: he roasts it, VTI – wátsumrobin, NA – qiqisquc, robins qiqisucák
rock: rock, NI – qusuq rocks qusuqash
rock: a rock, NI – pôpsk rocks pôpskansh
rock: flint rock, flint, NI – sákáhtôkanôpsk
flint rocks sákáhtôkanôpskansh
rock: the top of a rock, NI – wáskicipuskq
rock: a stone or rock, FINAL – -ôpsk
rock: the top of a rock, the summit of a cliff
or crag, NI – káhtôpskáwuk
roof, NI – waskicikamuq
roofs waskicikamuqash
room (of a house), NI – cupuwicuw
rooms cupuwicuwash
root: a tree root NI – cápiká
rotate: he rotates, turns, VAI – qipirough: it is rough, VII – kôskáyurough: rough bark (for non-medicinal uses),
NI – wikpi
round: it is round, VII – putuqáyuround: it is round about; all around; it turns,
ADV or PREP – qipi
row: he paddles or rows (a boat) , VAI –
cimarub: he rubs it, VTI – mumuqunumrule: a rule (literally: measured between the
lines), NI – qutuhikan
rules qutuhikansh
rum, alcohol, liquor, NI – ôhkupi
rums ôhkupish
rump, buttocks, NI DEP – -atan
our rumps natanunônak
run: he runs, VAI – qaqirushes: he counts, does counting; also, plays
rushes, straw game, VAI – akisu-
S
sachem, chief, NA – sôcum
chiefs sôcumôk
sacred: it is holy, sacred, blessed, VII –
wuyitupôhtam-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 91
sad: he is sad, VAI – nowôhtamsafely, ADV – nánáwihtiyi
sail: he goes by water, sails, VAI –
pômáhámsalt, NI – sát
salute: he salutes him, embraces him, greets
him, VTA – wôkumsame: the same, alike, equally, in the same
way, ADV tátupi
same: it is equal to, the same as, VII –
tátupiyusame: likewise, in the same way, as also,
PART – nánuk
sand, NI – yák
satisfy: he accepts him, is satisfied with him,
VTA – tapiniyáwáSaturday: it is six days, the sixth day,
Saturday, VII – qutôskuqunakat
save: he saves it, preserves it, VTI –
tômwihtosay: he says, says so, VAI – iwásay: he says, VAI – yowásay: it says (so), means, signifies, VII –
iwômusay: what did you say, PHRASE – cáqan
kutiwa? plural cáqan kutiwámô?
say: what did we (inclusive) say, PHRASE –
cáqan kutiwámun?
say: what did we (exclusive) say, PHRASE –
cáqan nutiwámun?
say: how do you say, PHRASE – tôn kutiwá?
plural tôn kutiwámô?
say: he says to him, tells him, VTA – uysay: he says (to) it, calls it, VTI – tamscarcely, as soon as, ADV – qinô
scare: he scares him, frightens him, VTA –
wisayscared: he is afraid, frightened, scared, VAI –
wisôsuschool, NI – nihtokamuq
schools nihtokamuqash
scream: he screams, yells, howls like a wild
animal, VAI – ononscreech owl, NA – wiwis owls wiwisak
sea, ocean, NI – kiht’han seas kiht’hansh
search: he seeks, makes search, VAI –
natinitiyásearch: a search, NI – natinitiyawôk
searches natinitiyawôkansh
seashell, shell, NA – ayáhs shells ayáhsak
seat: sit down, be seated, VAI – matapuseawater, NI – kiht’hanupáq
second, next, for a second time, ADV –
naháhtôwi
see: he sees him, VTA – náwsee you tomorrow! PHRASE – sáp
kunáwush! plural sáp kunáwuyumô
see: we will see you tomorrow PHRASE – sáp
kunáwuyumun
see: he sees it, VTI – námseed, seed corn, NI – wuskanim
seeds wuskanimunsh
seek: he seeks him VTA – cáyáhe seeks him, VTA – natiniyawháseek: he seeks, makes search, VAI –
natinitiyáseek: he seeks it, VTI – natinihamseek: a search, NI – natinitiyawôk
searches natinitiyawôkansh
seize: he seizes him, catchs him, VTA –
táhqunseize: he seizes it, catch it, VTI – táhqunumself, body, NA DEP – -ahak (dependent used
as the Mohegan reflexive pronoun)
myself nahak, ourselves nahakánônak
sell, trade, VAI – ônqshôsend: he sent him, VTA sowunáwsense: he smells him, senses his smell
(involuntarily) , VTA – muyôwsense: he smells it, senses its smell
(involuntarily), VTI – muyôtamseparated: he is separated from someone,
VTA cupiyuseven, NUM – nisôsk
seven days: it is seven days, a week, VII –
nisôskuqunakat
seventh, NUM – nisôskut
seventy, NUM – nisôsk-shuncák
severe: it is severe, VII – ôqiniyôqátsevere: severity, NI – ôqinihuwawôk
severe: sorely, severely, grievously,
ADV – ôqi
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 92
sew: he sews, VAI – yonáhqôsusew: he sews it, VTI – yonáhqamshall, will (signifying futurity), AUX VERB –
pish
shaman, medicine man, NA – môyikow
shamans môyikowak
share: he eats it with him, he shares a meal
with him, VTI – wipumáshare: the portion or share of one person, a
share, a part, NI - nuqutcipay
sharp: it is sharp, VII – wusqanshe: he, she, him, her, PRON – nákum, they,
them nákumôw
shelf, NI – tastukan shelves tastukansh
shell, seashell, NA – ayáhs shells ayáhsak
shine: it shines upon, gives forth bright light
VII – wáhsumunshine: it shines upon it, VTI – wáhsumáshine: a shining forth, emitted light, NI –
wáhsumowôk
shirt, NI – wáwôpaks shirts wáwôpaksash
shit, manure, dung, feces, NI – mikucut
feces mikucutash
shoe, moccasin, NI – máhkus
shoes máhkusunsh
shore, beach, NI – t’hkamuq
beaches t’hkamuqash
short: he is short, VAI – táyôhqusushort: it is short, VII – táyôhqáyushoulder, NA – -hpihq
my shoulders n’hpihqanak
shovel: he shovels it, VTI – shupihamshow: he shows (it) to him, VTA – nôhtuyshow: he honors, shows respect to it, VTI qutuyôtamshut: he shuts it, closes it, VTI – kuphamshut: it is shut, closed, VII – kupáyusibling of opposite sex (man's sister or
woman's brother), NA DEP – -itôps
my siblings nitôpsak
sick: be sick, ill, perish, VII – máhcunásign, mark, letter, NI – kunasuwôk signs
kunasuwôkansh
signify: it says (so), means, signifies, VII –
iwômusimilar to, like, PREP – aqi
sin: evil deed, sin, transgression, NI –
matôpáwôk sins matôpáwôkansh
since, ADV – nátiyôh
since long ago, long time ago, ADV – yôwat
since, PART – wucina
sing: he sings, VAI – kutomásink: he sinks disastrously, is drowned, VAI –
qutáshásister: sibling of opposite sex (man's sister or
woman's brother), NA DEP – -itôps
my opposite sex siblings nitôpsak
sister: woman's sister, NA DEP – -ituksq my
sisters nituksqak
sister: younger sibling (brother or sister), NA
DEP – -ihsums
my younger siblings nihsumsak
sister: older sister, NA DEP – -msihs
my older sisters numsihsak
sister-in-law, NA DEP – -iyum
my sister-in-laws niyumak
sit: he is located, sits, stays, is at a place, VAI
– apusit: he is quiet, sits still, VAI – ciqunapusit: he sits down, is seated, VAI – matapusit down! PHRASE – mátapsh
plural mátapiq
sit next to me, PHRASE – kuski nahak
mátapsh plural kuski nahak mátapiq
sit next to us, PHRASE – kuski
nahakánônak mátapsh
plural kuski nahakánônak mátapiq
six, NUM – qutôsk
six days: it is six days, the sixth day,
Saturday, VII – qutôskuqunakat
sixth, NUM – qutôskut
sixty, NUM – qutôsk-shuncák
skin: hide, skin, NA – shay skins shayak
skirt, NI – kusawôk skirts kusawôkansh
skull, NI – cipiyôtup skulls cipiyôtupsh
skull, head bone, NI DEP – -skayôtup
someones’ skulls muskayôtupash
skunk, NA – skôks skunks skôksak
sky, heaven, NI – kisuq
sled, toboggan, NI – tôpôk
toboggans tôpôkansh
sleep: he sleeps, is asleep, VAI – kawi-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 93
sleepy: be sleepy, VII – katukômslender: it is thin, slender, VII – wasapáyuslowly, softly, gently, ADV – mayuni
small: he is small, VAI – piwsihsusmall: it is little, small, VII – piwáhcusmall pieces: it is in small pieces, dust or
powder, VII – sáhqusmall pieces: he breaks it in pieces, pulls it
to pieces, VTI – sáhqunumsmall pieces: he breaks it into small pieces,
beats it or pounds it, VTI – sáhqutáhamsmall pieces: he cuts him into small pieces,
VTA – sáhquswásmall pieces: he cuts it into small pieces, VTI
– sáhqusumsmell: he smells him (deliberately), sniffs
him, VTA – qucimôysmell: he smells it (deliberately), sniffs it,
VTI – qucimôtamsmell: he smells him, sense his smell
(involuntarily) , VTA – muyôwsmell: he smells it, sense its smell
(involuntarily), VTI – muyôtamsmell: it smells good, VII – wuyimôqat
smile: he smiles, VAI – wihcosmoke: smoke, NI – pukut
smoke: there is smoke, VII – pukutiyawsmoke: smokehole, chimney, NI –
wunáhcukamuq chimneys
wunáhcukamuqash
smooth: it is smooth, VII – mosáyusnail, NA – askiqutam snails askiqutamak
snake, NA – skok snakes skokak
sneeze: he sneezes, VAI – anusneeze, NI – anuwôk sneezes anuwôkansh
sniff: he smells him (deliberately), sniffs
him, VTA – qucimôysniff: he smells it (deliberately), sniffs it, VTI
– qucimôtamsnow (on the ground), NI – kon
snows konak
snow: it is snowing, it snows, VII – socposnow: it is snowy, VII – muposnow: snowy, ADV – mupowisnowshoes: walk with snowshoes, use
snowshoes, VAI – ôkumaham-
snowshoe, NI – ôkum snowshoes ôkumak
so: he is so, is thus, VAI – isuso: it is so, is thus, is that way, VII – uyáyuso: so as to, in order that, for the purpose of,
PREV – wáci
so: so, as, in such a way, thus, how, PART –
uy, ‘this way’ – yo uy
so long: all the while, so long as, ADV nusáhki
sock, stocking, legging, NI – kôkuw
socks kôkuwansh
sod house, NI – cáhqin
sod houses cáhqinsh
soft: it is soft, VII – yohkáyusoftly, slowly, gently, ADV – mayuni
soldier: a soldier, one who battles – NA
ayitiyawin soldiers ayitiyawinak
soldier: warrior, soldier, NA – waskitôp
solid: it is hard, solid, rigid, VII – cáhsunsomeone, anyone, who (in questions), PRON
– awán
something, thing, what, PRON – cáqan
things cáqansh
sometimes, ADV – mômansh
some, part (of), half, PART – pôhshi
son, NA DEP – -námôn
my sons nunámônak
soon, ADV – paswôsi
sorely: sorely, severely, grievously,
ADV – ôqi
sorrow: he grieves, is sorrowful, VAI –
niyuwôtamsorrow: he grieves for it, is sorrowful, VTI niyuwôtamsorrow: physical pain, sorrow, torment, NI –
ôqamámowôk
pains ôqamámowôkansh
sorrow: grief, sorrow, NI – niyuwôtamawôk
sorrows niyuwôtamawôkansh
sorrow: full of sorrow, in sorrow, ADV –
ôqamámowi
sorrow: of sorrow, INTERJ – owi
sorrow: of sorrow, of supplication, of
wishing (Oh! that it were!), INTERJ wuw’i
sorry: he is sorry, sorrowful, VII –
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 94
siwôhtumsorry: I am sorry, PHRASE – nusiwôhtum
sorry: We are sorry, PHRASE –
inclusive kusiwôhtumumun
exclusive nusiwôhtumumun
soul, spirit (of a living person), NA DEP –
-côq, our souls nucôqunônak
soul: living or being alive; the life principle
or vital force, ‘the soul’,
NA – kitiyayôk lives kitiyawôkak
soup, NI – sápahik soups sápahikansh
soup: cornmeal mush, corn soup, NI – sôp
mushes sôpák
source: it begins, has its origin or source,
ADV – koci
south, southward, ADV – sôwanayo
speak: he speaks, talks, VAI – kikátohkáspeak: he speaks the Indian language, speaks
such a language, has such a voice, VAI –
uyôtowáspeak: he is spoken of, VAI – wiyôqutôsuspeak: speak of, reason, consult together
[these talks are reciprocal and collective],
VTI - wiyôqutumspeak: he speaks the truth, is correct, VAI –
wuyômwáspeak: he speaks to him, VTA – kayoyspeak: he declares, commands, speaks
authoritatively, VAI – tutatumspear, NI – qunôhtuq spears qunôhtuqash
spider, NA – mamôyap
spiders mamôyapak
spider: of or about a spider, ADV mamôyapi
spider web, NI – mamôyapi hashap
spider webs mamôyapi hashapash
spine, backbone, NI DEP – -takôq
our spines nutakôqunônak
spirit, breath, NI – yáhsháwôk
spirits yáhsháwôkansh
spirit (of a living person), soul, NA DEP –
-côq our souls nucôqunônak
spirit, ghost, NA – cipay ghosts cipayak
spit: he spits, expels water VAI – sqôtamspoon, NA – kiyamô spoons kiyamôk
spring: it is spring, VII – siqan
squash, pumpkin, NI – áskot
pumpkins áskotash
squeeze: he squeezes it, VTI – squnumsquirrel, NA – mushaniq
squirrels mushaniqak
stab: he stabs him, VAI – tôkam
stand: he stands, stands up, VAI – nipawustar, NA – ayaqs stars ayaqsak
start: it begins, starts, VII – kucshunstatue: a doll, a statue, NA kucohkôn
dolls kucohkônak
stay: he is located, stays, is at a place, VAI –
apusteal: he steals, VAI – kumotustem: smaller stem, NI – susiyihs
smaller stems susiyihsh
step: he steps, VAI – ôtanihkunstick, branch, piece of wood, NI – wutqun
sticks wutqunsh
stiff: it is stiff, VII – citawiyustill: he is quiet, sits still, VAI – ciqunapustill, yet, ADV – aspumi
still, before, while, VII – as
stir: he stirs, moves, VAI – mômôcistir: he stirs it, VTI – wákawunumstocking, sock, legging, NI – kôkuw
stockings kôkuwansh
stomach, belly, guts, NI DEP – -yakus
our bellies nuyakusunônak
stone, NI – sun stones sunsh
stone: a stone or rock, FINAL – -ôpsk
stone: a flint stone, NI – môhshupsq
flint stones môhshupsqash
stone: a stone wall, NI – qusuqaniyutôk
stone walls qusuqaniyutôkansh
stop (something), quit, VAI – áhqistop it, don't! (used to make negative
commands), PART – áhqi
story, NI – ihtôqat stories ihtôqatash
story: tell news, information, a story, VAI –
ôcimustory: he tells something to someone, tells
someone news or a story, VTA –
ôcimohkawstove, oven, NI – tanishunimuk
stoves tanishunimukansh
straight: he is straight, upright, VAI -
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 95
sôpwisustraight: it is straight, right, proper, VII –
sôpáyustraight: uprightly, straight, ADV – sôpwi
strange: strange, different, uncommon, ADV
– piyowi
straw game: count, does counting; also, play
rushes, straw game, VAI – akisustrawberry, ‘heart-berry’, NI – wutáhim
strawberries wutáhimunsh
stray: he strays, wanders around, VAI –
náyuwáyustream, brook, NI – sipowihs
streams sipowihsash
stretch forth: he stretches forth, holds out his
hand or something in his hand, VTI –
samakun
strike: he hits him, strikes him, beats him,
VTA – takamstrike: hits it, strikes it, beats it, VTI –
takatamstring, thread, NI – pimunt
strings pimuntônsh
strive: he strives, contends, VAI – mikásustrive: he contends with him, strives against
him, VTA – mikônástrong: he is strong, VAI – mihkikustrong: it is strong, VII – mihkáyustronghold: a fort, a stronghold, NI – môsk
forts môskash
strongly, ADV – mihki
stupid: he is foolish, stupid, VAI – asoku
succotash: whole boiled corn; a traditional
dish made with cooked corn and beans, NI
– suqatash
such: in such a way, as, thus, how, so, PART
– uy, ‘this way’ – yo uy
sucks: she suckles him, VTA - nosásucks: he sucks, imbibes, VAI – nonôtamsucks: he sucks a breast, VTI - nonôtamsuffer: he torments him, makes him suffer,
VTA – kihcapunsuffer: he is grieved or afflicted, in
affliction; he is suffering, VAI –
ôqánumwunsufficient: it is enough, sufficient, VII –
tápáyusugar NI – cokát sugars cokátash
summer: it is summer, VII – nipun
summer, NI – nipun summers nipunsh
summit: a summit or high place, the top of a
hill, NI – káhtkôwi
summits káhtkôwish
summit: the summit of a cliff or crag, the top
of a rock, NI – káhtôpskáwuk
summit: a high hill, a summit, point of rock
or earth, a crag, NI – kusáhkôy
high hills kusáhkôyash
summon: he summons him, call him, VTA –
wihkumsun, NA – kisusq
sunrise: it is sunrise, dawn, VII – wôpan
sunrise: it is sunrise, the sun rises, VII –
pátôhtásunset: it is sunset, sundown, VII – wayô
superior: he is superior to, is beyond,
exceeds, VAI, – aniyásuperior: it is chief, principal, superior, VII –
kihcisupper, NI – wuyôkpuwôk
suppers wuyôkpuwôkansh
supper: eat supper, VAI – wuyôkpwusupplicate: of sorrow, of supplication, of
wishing (Oh! that it were!), INTERJ wuw’i
sure, definitely, certainly, ADV – mohci
surround: turns itself about, it encompasses,
surrounds, VTI – qunupáhtoswallow: he swallows it, VTI – qutamswamp, marsh, NI – cáq swamps cáqash
swan, NA – wiqáhsh swans wiqáhshák
sweat: go to sweat in a sweatlodge, VAI –
pisupásweatlodge, NI – pisupôk
sweatlodge pisupôkansh
sweep: he sweeps him, VTA – cikham
sweep: he sweeps, VTI cikhamsweet: it is sweet, VII – wiksapákat
sweet: a sweet, something sweet, NI –
wikáyuwôk sweets wikáyuwôkansh
swim: he swims, VAI – pumôsuwi-
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 96
T
table, NI – taspowôk tables taspowôkansh
take: he takes him, VTA – mamtake: he takes it, VTI – mamtake: he takes it away, VTI – ámáwunamtake: he takes it off (of clothing), VTI –
katunumtalk: he talks, speaks, VAI – kikátohkátalk: he talks about it, VTI – wiwaqutumtall: he is tall, high, VAI – qunôhqusutall: it is tall, high, VII – qunôkantaste: it tastes good, is good to eat, VII –
wihpqat
taste: he tastes it (deliberately), tries the taste
of it, VTI – quctamteach: he teaches, VAI – kotumcáteach: he teaches him, VTA – kotumteach: lesson, teaching, NI – nihtowôk
teachings nihtowôkansh
tear: tear, NI DEP – -supiq tears -supiqash
tell: he tells him, says to him, VTA – uytell: he tells news, information, a story, VAI –
ôcimutell: he tells something to someone, tells
someone news or a story, VTA –
ôcimohkawten, NUM – páyaq
tent: the covering of a tent, a tent, NI –apqôs
tenth, NUM – páyaqut
testicles: testicle NA DEP – -nuso
his testicles wunusowak
testicles: he has testicles, VAI – wunusotesticles: he has broken testicles, VAI –
qôsqunusowáw
than, CONJ – ôk
thank: he thanks him, VTA – tápatamthank: he thanks them, PHRASE – tápatam
plural tápatamohq
thank them: Let’s thank them, PHRASE –
tápatamôtô
thank you, PHRASE – táput ni
thank you: I thank you, PHRASE –
kutápatamush
plural kutápatamuyumô
thank you: We thank you, PHRASE –
kutápatamuyumun
that (animate), PRON – na those nik
that: what is that (animate), PHRASE – cáqan
na? plural cáqan nik?
that (inanimate), PRON – ni
those nish
that: what is that (inanimate), PHRASE –
cáqan ni? plural cáqan nish?
that place, there, PART – nitay
that is so, PHRASE – ni yáyuw
that is right, PHRASE – ni wimonáyuw
them, they, PRON – nákumôw
then, ADV – ôtay
then, at that time, ADV – nit
there, that place, PART – nitay
therefore, because of that, PART – niwuci
therefrom, from that time, henceforth, ADV –
noci
these: this (animate), PRON – yo these yok
these: this (inanimate), PRON – yo
these yosh
they, them PRON – nákumôw
thick: it is thick, VII – pakáyuthin: it is thin, slender, VII – wasapáyuthin: thinly, ADV - wusápi
thing, what, something, PRON – cáqan
things cáqansh
think: he thinks, thinks so, purposes, wills,
VAI – uyôhtumthird, ADV – shwut
thirsty: he is thirsty, VII – kôkutonthirteen, NUM – páyaq napni shwi
thirty, NUM – swuncák
this, these (animate), PRON – yo these yok
this, these (inanimate), PRON – yo
these yosh
this: what is this, PHRASE – cáqan yo? what
are these? cáqan yosh?
this way, PHRASE – yo uy
thorn, a briar, NI – kawus thorns kawusash
those: that (animate), PRON – na those nik
those: that (inanimate), PRON – ni
those nish
though, although, even if, CONJ –
táhkônaqi
thousand, NUM – mutunôk
thread, string, NI – pimunt
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 97
threads pimuntônsh
three, NUM – shwi
three days: it is three days, the third day,
Wednesday, VII – shwiqunakat
throat, NI DEP – -qutôk
throats muqutôkansh
through: he passes through (as through a
place or a country), VAI – papaspushá
through: it breaks through, it bursts forth,
blossoms, VII – paspushá
through: through, PREP – papaspi
throw: he throws it, VTI – swukanumthrow it: he throws it to, or into him, VTA –
unáhtiyathrow it: he throws it to, or into it, VTI –
unáhtiyothrow it: he throws it away, give it up, quit
it, VTI – pakitamthumb, NI DEP – kihtiqáynic
thumbs kihtiqáynicish
thunder: it thunders, there is thunder, VII –
patáhqáham
thunder, NA – patáhqáham thunders
patáhqáhamsh
Thursday: it is 4th day, four days, Thursday,
VII – yáwuqunakat
thus: he is so, is thus, VAI – isuthus, so, as, in such a way, how, PART – uy,
‘this way’ – yo uy
time, NI – qôpáyuwôk times qôpáyuwash
time: from that time, therefrom, henceforth,
ADV – noci
time: it is time, be a time, VII – qôpáyutime: it is a long time, VII – quniqôpáyutired: he is tired, weary, VAI – sôhsunito, PREP – i
to, towards, PREP – yaqi
to be: he is, exists, VAI – ayuto what, wherein, whether, ADV – utáh
tobacco, NI – inpáwôk
tobaccos inpáwôkansh
tobacco pipe, NA – wutamôk
pipes wutamôkanak
toboggan, sled, NI – tôpôk
toboggans tôpôkansh
today, ADV – yo kisk
toe, NI DEP – -situk my toes nusitukansh
toe: big toe, NI DEP – -kihtiqáysit
big toes -kihtiqáysitash
together, ADV – muyáyi
tomorrow, ADV – sáp
tomorrow: see you tomorrow! PHRASE – sáp
kunáwush! plural sáp kunáwuyumô
tomorrow: we will see you tomorrow
PHRASE – sáp kunáwuyumun
tongue, NI DEP – -iyan my tongue niyan
our tongues kiyanônash
tonight, PHRASE yo tápkuk
too, also, PART – wôk
too, too much, too many, PART – wusômi
tooth, NI DEP – -iput teeth niputash
toothache, NI – pumôputiyôk
toothaches pumôputiyôkansh
top: a summit or high place, the top of a hill,
NI – káhtkôwi summits káhtkôwish
top: the top of a rock, the summit of a cliff
or crag NI – káhtôpská tops of the rocks
káhtôpskásh
top: the top of a rock, NI – wáskicipuskq
top: top of the tree NI – ánakshwá tree tops
ánakshwásh
torment him, make him suffer, VTA –
kihcapuntorment: he causes affliction, he afflicts,
torments, VAI – ôqanumwihiyôtorment: physical pain, sorrow, torment, NI –
ôqamámowôk
pains ôqamámowôkansh
touch it, VAI – musunumtowards, to, PREP – yaqi
towel 'hand-wiping tool', NI – ciskicohuwôk
towels ciskicohuwôkansh
town, NI – otán towns otánásh
trade: he trades, sells, VAI – ônqshôtransgression, sin, evil deed, NI –
matôpáwôk sins matôpáwôkansh
travel: he travels, goes along, walks along,
VAI – pumshátravel: he travels, continually walks, VAI –
pupamshátree, NI – mihtuq trees mihtuqash
tree: a tree root NI – cápiká
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tree: leaves of a tree, NI – kôpako
tree: trunk of a tree NI – kácitpiyawat
tree: top of the tree NI – ánakshwá tops of
the tree ánakshwásh
tree: bark, tree bark, NI – wuyacásq
barks wuyacásqash
tree: flower, blossom of a tree, NI –
sakatuwô flowers sakatuwôsh
tree: tree in blossom, NI – sakôyi trees in
blossom sakôyish
tree: sap of a tree NI – cuwkôyipsuw
saps cuwkôyipsuwash
tree: outer bark of a tree NI – hákáts outer
barks hákátsash
tree: stem of a branch NI – hitkus stems of a
branch hitkusash
tree: fruit, NI – tayikinôk
fruits tayikinôkansh
tree: limb, NI – toshkana limbs toshkanash
tree: heart wood, NI – wikci
tree: rough bark (for non-medicinal uses), NI
– wikpi
tremble: he is trembling, trembles, VAI –
nikshayitribe, NI – cupanuwôk
tribes cupanuwôkansh
tributary: a man; a captive or tributary, NA –
musinun people musinunak
triumph: he triumphs, wins, VAI – sôhkátrouble: he is troubled about it, he cares
about it, VTA – wutamôtamtrousers, pants, NI – átahwun
trousers átahwunsh
true: it is true, correct, VII – wimonáyuright: that is right, true, correct, PHRASE – ni
wimonáyuw
trunk: trunk of a tree NI – kácitpiyawat
truth: speak the truth, be correct, VAI –
wuyômwátry: he tries, attempts, VAI – qucitry: he tries the taste of it, tastes it
(deliberately), VTI – quctamTuesday: it is two days, second day,
Tuesday, VII – nisuqunakat
tumpline, pack basket, (basket with cord
held over forehead) NI – matôpi
pack baskets matôpish
turkey, NA – náham turkeys náhamák
turn: he turns himself around, he turned
back, VTA – ôpamqayturn: he turns it about, VTI – qipinumturn: turns itself about, it encompasses,
surrounds, VTI – qunupáhtoturn: he turns, rotates, VAI – qipiturn: a return, a turning back, NI – quskiyôk
returns quskiyôkansh
turn: a turning, a conversion, NI – qipiwôk
conversions qipiwôkansh
turn: it is round about; all around; it turns,
ADV or PREP – qipi
turtle, NA – toyupáhs turtles toyupáhsak
twelve, NUM – páyaq napni nis
twenty, NUM – nisuncák
twin, NA – táqás twins táqásak
twin sister, NA – -ituksqás
my twin sisters nituksqásak
two, NUM – nis
two days: it is two days, second day,
Tuesday, VII – nisuqunakat
U
uncle, NA DEP – -sihs uncles nusihsak
unclean: it is dirty, unclean, VII –
nuskinôqatuncommon: strange, different, uncommon,
ADV – piyowi
under, PREP – aqu
understanding, knowledge, NI –
owohtamowôk
understandings owohtamowôkansh
unit: a unit of measurement the length of the
hand to the elbow [a cubit] preceded by a
number, FINAL – -isqanákát
until, ADV – paci
unwilling: he is unwilling, VAI – matantamup, upward, ADV – qi
up against: back, against, up against, VII –
ôpupon, over, on top of, above, PREP – waskici
upright: he is straight, upright, VAI sôpwisu-
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upright: uprightness (in doing), justice,
righteousness, NI – sôpwiyusiwôk
upright: uprightly, straight, ADV – sôpwi
upward: upward: it arises, goes upward, VII –
wápimoupward: upward, high up, above, ADV –
wáwápi
urinate: he urinates, VAI – sukutamurinate: he who urinates, NA – sukuwin
urinators sukuwinak
urinate: he urinates on something, VTA –
sukitamus, we (exclusive), PRON – niyawun
us, we (inclusive), PRON – kiyawun
use, use something, VTA – awáhcáused to, past tense marker, was and is no
more, PART – mô
V
vain: futilely, in vain, for no reason, ADV –
ákowi
valley, NI – oyôkoway
valleys oyôkowayush
vegetables, NI micumwôk
vegetables micumuwôkansh
verile: it is virile, fertile (pertaining to the
organs of generation), VII – ukôsuwuverily, truly, ADV – wimuqut
vermilion, body paint, face paint, NI –
wuyam paints wuyamansh
very, extremely, PART – winu
very: very, really, exceedingly, much, PART
– mutáwi
view: he looks out from, views, VAI –
wusôpi
violence: he breaks (an object) with
violence, VTI – páhkshuviolet, he is purple, VAI – pishawisuviolet, it is purple, VII – pishawáyuvisit him, VTA – natawahvital force: living or being alive; the life
principle or vital force, ‘the soul’,
NA – kitiyayôk souls kitiyawôkak
voice: he has such a voice, he speaks the
Indian language, speaks such a language,
VAI – uyôtowávoice: a voice, NI –
watáwatôqusuwôk
voices watáwatôqusuwôkansh
vomit: he vomits it up, VTI – miyatamvomit: vomit, a bout of vomiting, NI –
miyatamowôk
bouts of vomiting miyatamowôkansh
W
wait: he waits for him, VTA – páhwait: he waits for it, VTI – páhtowake: he wakes him up, VTA – tohkunwake: he wakes up, awakes, VAI – tohkiwalk: he walks along, travels, goes along,
VAI – pumsháwall (of a house), NI – susupôkamuq
walls susupôkamuqas
wall (outdoor), fence, NI – pumiyotôk walls
pumiyotôkansh
walk: he travels, continually walks, VAI –
pupamsháwalk: he walks with snowshoes, use
snowshoes, VAI – ôkumahamwalnut, NA – wusqatôm
walnuts wusqatômunak
walnut tree, NI – wusqat
walnut trees wusqatash
wampum shell, bead, NI – môsôpi
beads môsôpish
wander: he wanders around, strays, VAI –
náyuwáyuwants: he wants it, VTI – côhtamwanting: he is wanting, is lacking, needs,
VAI – qináwusuwar: he goes against him, makes war on him
VTA – ayiyukônáwar: he makes war, fights VAI – ayitiyáwar: a soldier, one who battles – NA
ayitiyawin soldiers ayitiyawinak
war: war, a battle NI – ayitiyuwôk wars
ayitiyuwôkansh
war: an alarm of war – NI
ayitiyawôtowuwôk alarms of war
ayitiyawôtowuwôkansh
war: warrior, soldier, NA – waskitôp
warm: he warms himself, warms up, VAI –
Mohegan Dictionary and Grammar, ©S. Fielding for Mohegan Tribe December 2012 – 100
awasuwarm: it is warm (of weather), VII – c’wáyuwas and is no more, used to, past tense
marker, PART – mô
wash: he washes him, cleans him, VTA –
kucusumwash: he washes it, cleans it (as body VTA –
kucusutowash: he washes himself, bathes, VAI –
kishtutuwaste: waste, a making of waste, NI –
máhchumwihtuwôk
wastes máhchumwihtuwôkansh
watch: he waits and watches for it, VTI –
asquhum
watch: he keeps watch, he watches, VAI –
asqitiyáw
watch: a watch, watching, NI – asqitiyawôk
watches asqitiyawôkansh
watch: of watching, ADV – asqitiyi
water: he goes by water, sails, VAI –
pômáhámwater: water, NI – nupi waters nupish
wave (on water), NA – tukow,
waves tukowak
way, path, road, NI – máy ways máy
we, us (exclusive), PRON – niyawun
we, us (inclusive), PRON – kiyawun
wear: he wears it, puts it on (of clothes), VTI
– aqunumwear: he is clothed, dressed, gets dressed,
wears (something) , VAI – aquweary: he is tired, weary, VAI – sôhsuniweather: it is calm weather VII – áwipôqat
weather: it looks like good weather, it is a
nice day, VII – wiyôqat
weather: it is calm weather VII – áwipôqat
weather: the wind ceases, there is calm VII –
áwipun
wedding, marriage, NI – w’sintamuwôk
marriages w’sintamuwôkansh
Wednesday: it is three days, the third day,
Wednesday, VII – shwiqunakat
week: it is seven days, a week, VII –
nisôskuqunakat
weeping: a cry, a weeping, NI – mawôk
weigh: he weighs him, measures him, VTA –
qutahweigh: he weighs it, measure it, VTI –
qutahamweight: it is light in weight, not heavy, VII –
yôkanwelcome, greetings, PART – wiqômun
welcome: Welcome, come in, PHRASE –
wiqômun, suqish! plural wiqômun,
suqiq!
well: he is well, healthy, VII – kôkicáwell: he is healthy, well, VAI – wiyámowell: he does good, he does well, VAI –
wuyisi
well: be well, PHRASE – kôkicash!
well: well, beautifully, pleasantly, ADV – wi
well: well, good, ADV – wuyi
west: westward, ADV – máqamtunayo
wet: he is wet, gets wet, VAI – wutukisuwet: it is wet, VII – wutukáyuwhale, NA – potáp whales potápák
what: what, something, thing, PRON –
cáqan, things cáqansh
what: what are you doing, PHRASE – cáqan
kutus? plural cáqan kutusumô?
what: what are we (inclusive) doing, PHRASE
– cáqan kutusumun?
what: what are we (exclusive) doing,
PHRASE – cáqan nutusumun?
what: what did you say, PHRASE – cáqan
kutiwa? plural cáqan kutiwámô?
what: what did we (inclusive) say, PHRASE –
cáqan kutiwámun?
what: what did we (exclusive) say, PHRASE –
cáqan nutiwámun?
what: what is this (animate), PHRASE –
cáqan yo? plural cáqan yok?
what: what is this (inanimate), PHRASE –
cáqan yo? plural cáqan yosh?
what: what is that (animate), PHRASE –
cáqan na? plural cáqan nik?
what: what is that (inanimate), PHRASE –
cáqan ni? plural cáqan nish?
wheat, wild rice, NA – mayom
grains mayomunsh
when: when (in questions only), PART –
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cimak
when: when (with adverbs of time) ADV –
qôpak
where: where (in questions), PART – cáhak
where: where, ADV - utuyuw
where: where are you going, PHRASE –
cáhak kutihshá? plural cáhak
kutihshámô?
where: where are we (inclusive) going,
PHRASE – cáhak kutihshámun?
where: where (in dependent clauses, not
questions), PART – totay
whether, wherein, to what, ADV – utáh
which (not in a question), ADV – nush
while: later, later on, in a while, ADV –
páhsut
while: while, before, still, VII – as
whisper, VAI – kikimôqáwhistle: whistle, NI – qiksomuwôk whistles
qiksomuwôkansh
whistle: he whistles, hisses, VAI – qiksomuwhistle: whistler, NA – qiksomuwin
whistlers qiksomuwinak
white: he is white, VAI – wôpisuwhite: it is white, VII – wôpáyuwhite: white oak, NI – pakcumus
white oaks pakcumusush
white: white person, white man, NA –
wánuks white men wánuksak
who: who (in questions), someone, anyone,
PRON – awán
who: who are you, PHRASE – awán ki?
plural awán kiyaw?
who: who is that person, PHRASE – awán na
skitôp? plural awán na skitôpak
why (in questions) , PART – t’wuci
wicked: it is evil, wicked, VII – macituwicked: wicked, bad, evil, PRENOUN – maci
wife: wife, NA DEP – -iyok my wives
niyokanak
wigwam: embroidered mats which women
make to line the wigwam, NI –
manátawpana mats manátawpanash
wigwam: round Indian-style house, NI –
wiqám wigwams wiqámsh
wild onion, NA – winuwáhs
onions winuwáhsak
wild rice, wheat, NA – mayom
grains mayomunsh
will: he thinks so, purposes, wills, VAI –
uyôhtumwill (future marker), PART mus
win: he wins, triumphs, VAI – sôhkáwind, NI – wutun, winds wutunsh
windy: it is windy, there is a wind, VII –
wápáyuwind: the wind ceases, there is calm VII –
áwipun
window, NI – kinakinik
windows kinakinikansh
winter: it is winter, VII – pupon
wise: he is careful, cunning, wise, VAI –
wáwôtamwise: he is wise, VAI – wôtamunáwwise: he becomes wise, VAI –
wôtamwusháwwise: wise man, NA – wáwôtam
wise: wisdom, NI - wôtamowôk
wise: wisely, ADV – wôtamwi
wish: of sorrow, of supplication, of wishing
(Oh! that it were!), INTERJ - wuw’i
with: with, along with, PREP – wici
with: with, by (as an instrument), PREP –
naspi alternative spelling: nashpi
withdraw: he withdraws it, pulls it back,
draws it out, away, VTI – wutôtunumwithdraw: he goes to be alone, withdraws,
VAI – nusháwithout, destitute of, ADV – wani
wolf, NA – muks plural muksak
woman: woman, NA – sqá women sqák
woman: woman's dress, NI – pitkôs
dresses pitkôsonsh
woman: woman's sister, NA DEP – -ituksq
my sisters nituksqak
woman: woman, NA – sqáwhs
women sqáwhsak
woman: young woman, older girl, NA –
yôksqáhs young women yôksqáhsak
woman: woman’s milk, NI – miyunôk
wonder: he wonders at it, VTI – môcanatamwonder: amazement, wonder, NI –
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môcanatamowôk wonders
môcanatamowôkansh
wonder: a wonder, a marvel, something that
causes amazement, NI –
môcanatamwahuwôk
marvels môcanatamwahuwôkansh
wood: heart wood, NI – wikci
wood: stick, branch, piece of wood, NI –
wutqun sticks wutqunsh
woods, forest, NI – k’hpáy
forests k’hpáyash
woodchuck, groundhog, NA – akasq
woodchucks akasqak
wooing: goes a-wooing, VAI – sinitam
word, language, NI – kikátohkáwôk
words kikátohkáwôkansh
work: he works, VAI – ayhkôsuwork, a job, NA – ayhkôsuwôk,
jobs ayhkôsuwôkansh
world, NI – pômkoki, worlds pômkokish
worm, maggot, NA – ohq worms ohqák
worthy: it is worthy, VTI – tapinumomunwretched: he is pitiful, poor, wretched,
miserable, VAI – kucumôkusuwrite: he writes, VAI – wuskhwôsuwriting, book, letter, NI – wuskhwik
books wuskhwikansh
distance away than nitay: there), ADV –
yokcôwi
you, PRON – ki plural kiyaw
you: who are you, PHRASE – awán ki?
plural awán kiyaw?
young: he is young, new, VAI – wuskinuyoung: young man, older boy, NA – yôkôp
young men yôkôpák
young: young woman, older girl, NA –
yôksqáhs young women yôksqáhsak
young: younger sibling (brother or sister),
NA DEP – -ihsums
my younger sibling nihsumsak
young: youngest son, NA – -tásons peoples’
youngest sons mutásonsak
young: newly, new, 2young, 3in the
beginning, ADV – wiski
youth, NA – mihkaki youths mihkakik
youth, NA – wuskin youths wuskinak
youth: of youth, youthfully, ADV – wuskini
youth, the season of youth, NI –
wuskinowôk
seasons of youth wuskinowôkansh
Y
yeah, yes, (casual variant), PART – náy
year: it is a year, VII – katumuyear, NI – katumuw, years katumuwash
yell: he screams, yells, howls like a wild
animal, VAI – ononyellow: he is yellow, VAI – wisôwisuyellow: it is yellow, VII – wisôwáyuyesterday, ADV – wiyôko
yes, even, PART – nuks
yes, yeah (casual variant), PART – náy
yet, still, ADV – aspumi
yonder, over there (implies a further
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