Report of the Task Force
Nagaland
Executive Summary:
Nagaland is an agrarian State with over 71% of its population
dependent on agriculture and its allied sectors. Its cultures and traditions are
all symbolic to Agriculture and livestock sector and therefore are essential for a
planned socio-economic development in order to achieved sustainability in all
spheres of development activities in the State through restoring the ecological
balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural resources
such as soil, vegetative cover and water. Basing on these background realities,
the Task Force on Agriculture Development seeks to promote a technically
sound, economically viable, environmentally non-degrading but organic and
socially acceptable sustainable Agricultural Development in the State using the
natural resources, land, water and genetic endowment. The expected
outcomes are, prevention of soil erosion, regeneration of natural vegetation,
recharging of the groundwater. This enables multi-cropping and the
introduction of diverse agro-base activities to the people of the State.
The Department has achieved self-sufficiency in food grains. The
Government of India has consecutively awarded the Krishi Gramin Award to
Nagaland Agriculture Department for the years 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.
Unfortunately, the State has not been able to achieve self-sufficiency in rice
grains, which is the staple food of the State. Hence, Nagaland has aimed to
attain food sufficiency by the year 2025 even in the area of rice grain. The
detail strategies adopted by each division under the Agriculture Allied sectors
may be seen as per details enclosed.
Based on the details submitted by the various Agriculture and its allied
sectors, the Task Force on Agriculture Development proposes estimate for the
Agri. Allied Departments for implementation of their respective programmes.
Sl
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Rupees In Lakhs
Amount Proposed
Total
2015-16
2016-17
3688.23 7027.05
10715.28
1550.00 1710.00
3260.00
500.00
600.00
1100.00
12500.00 13000.00
25500.00
500.00
600.00
1100.00
2800.00 3300.00
6100.00
1500.00 2000.00
3500.00
23000.00 25000.00
48000.00
750.00
850.00
1600.00
Name of the Department
Agriculture
Horticulture
Soil & Water Conservation
Land Resource
Sericulture
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary
Fisheries
Irrigation & Flood Control
Cooperation
Forest
1
11
12
13
14
15
Nagaland Bamboo Development
Agency
Nagaland Beekeeping & Honey
Mission
Nagaland Bio Resource Mission
Nagaland Empowerment of People
through
Energy
Development
(NEPeD)
Nagaland Empowerment of People
through Economic Development
(NEPED)
Total Amount:-
1650.00
1450.00
3100.00
350.00
400.00
750.00
420.00
200.00
480.00
230.00
900.00
430.00
100.00
130.00
230.00
49508.23 56777.05
106285.28
Content
1. Agriculture
2. Horticulture
3. Soil & Water Conservation
4. Land Resource
5. Sericulture
6. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary
7. Fisheries
8. Irrigation & Flood Control
9. Cooperation
10.Forest
11.Nagaland Bamboo Development
Agency
12.Nagaland Beekeeping & Honey
Mission
13.Nagaland Bio Resource Mission
14.Nagaland Empowerment of People
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Pages
1-5
5-10
10-11
11-13
13-16
16-18
19-20
21
22-24
24-26
27-33
:
:
33-37
37-39
through Energy Development (NEPeD)
15.Nagaland Empowerment of People
through Economic Development (NEPED)
:
39-42
:
43-46
16. Constrains
:
46-47
2
REPORT FOR TASK FORCE ON AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Introduction:
Nagaland State is largely a hilly state endowed with rich forest soil and rich biodiversity with favourable agro-climatic conditions varying from sub-tropical to temperate
and altitude ranging from 300 MSL to 3000 MSL. Some of the basic information of the State
with reference to Agriculture is shown as follows:BASIC INFORMATION
Population Census (2011)
Total population
Rural population
Total farming household
Total Geographical Area
Total cultivable area
Gross cropped area
Double cropped area
Net cropped area
Gross irrigated area
Net irrigated area
Food-grain Production (2014-15)
Oilseeds Production
(2014-15)
Commercial Production (2014-15)
Foodgrain productivity (2014-15)
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
19,80,602
14,06,861
2,50,360
16,579 Sq.km
7,21,924 ha.
4,22,000 ha.
96,750 ha.
3,25,250 ha.
1,06,150 ha.
97,250 ha.
6,51,270 MT (Anticipated)
69,500 MT (Anticipated)
4,57,000 MT (Anticipated)
2060 kg/ha
1. AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT:
Agriculture is the major economic activity in Nagaland with more than 70% of the
population employed in agriculture. Scope of agriculture production to a commercial level is
of high potentiality but hilly terrain and topography of the state gives limitations. Principal
crops include rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and ginger etc.
Being basically an agricultural State, the economy of Nagaland is dependent on
development of agriculture. In order to bring agriculture development in the fore front, it is
necessary to utilize all the available resources as well as application of the modernization
technology in the field of agriculture to achieve the maximum level of development in the
sector to meet the goal of food security.
Agriculture, being the priority sector of development, participatory development in
agricultural arena is to be adopted to uplift the productivity of agricultural crops.
1.1 Strategies for Hill Agriculture Development in Nagaland
Food grain production enhancement:
3
The state need to enhance production of foodgrains to meet the demands and
requirements of the ever increasing population. Hence, the department has taken up the
following strategies:
 To provide quality seeds to farmers by strengthening of State seed farms, adoption of
seed villages and also to procure high yielding varieties from NSC/ SFC.
 To bring more areas under cultivation (WTRC).
 Approach to Compact Area Development
 Double cropping wherever feasible including in jhum fields.
 Adoption of SRI Method wherever feasible.
 To promote economy through Organic agriculture.
 Farm mechanization wherever feasible.
 To provide irrigation facility (pump set, shallow tube well & surface water)
wherever feasible.
 To increase uses of manures & fertilizers through INM.
 To provide better Plant protection measures through IPM.
 Better Agricultural Roads connectivity to potential areas and market outlets.
 Strengthening of Marketing facility and Post Harvest Management.
 Effective transfer and adoption of appropriate technology through extension services
such as trainings and demonstrations etc.
1.2 Seed farms Development:
At present there are 3 seed farms for seed production in Nagaland. These are
1. State seed farm Merapani: The farm has an area of 534 ha. The farm is engaged in
production of paddy, other cereals, pulses, oilseeds and spices seeds of improved
varieties.
2. Seed farm Tizit: the farm has an area of 70 ha. And at present producing. the farm is
producing mainly Paddy seed. Beside paddy the farm is also producing mustard,
linseed, gram etc.
3. Regional Potato seed farm Helipong: The farm has a total area of 180 ha. The farm
is at present producing disease and virus free potato seed.
All these farms are contributing only a little quantity of quality seeds to the farming
community. But with the development of infrastructure and proper management practices
these farms may be able to produce good quantity of quality seeds. The state government
is to establish more such seed farms as quality seed production and multiplication units.
These Seed Farms were established in order to multiply quality and high yielding
varieties of seeds particularly paddy, mustard and potato etc. to meet the requirement of
the State. The main object of the farms is to produce quality seeds and planting materials
and made available to the farmers to boost up the food grain and other crops production in
the State. At the moment these farms are contributing only a little quantity of quality seeds
to the farmers. However, there is potential to produce 60-70% of quality seeds requirement
with infrastructural development and proper management practices to ensure state own
seeds for production and food security in the state. Further, more of such seed farms may
be established for production of better quality seeds to meet the demands of the farming
community.
This will promote seed replacement policy which is progressing in a slow pace
because of non availability of quality seed.
4
1.3 Hill Agriculture Development:
Shifting cultivation (Jhum) is a traditional agricultural practice in the state. In old days
the Jhum was not so detrimental because of long periodicity of Jhum cycle because the soil
regains its lost fertility. But due to increased population pressure the Jhum cycle has been
reduced to 3-5 years and as a result soil is becoming unproductive. Therefore, proper
planning and management of Jhum cultivation is urgently required and gradual shift towards
settled cultivation is the need of the hour to feed the ever growing population. It is not
possible to eradicate Jhum cultivation because it is a social custom of the people of the
state. However a more modern method is that of preparing terraced field for cultivation.
Due to the hilly terrain of the state, the nature and topography of the jhum field
must be taken into consideration. The soil on the hill slope is highly unstable with high
chances of soil erosion. Soil being the storehouse of moisture and the plant nutrients; it is
very essential to preserve it at any cost if one wants to have a stable agriculture. Because by
preserving the moisture and the nutrients we can ensure the crop growth and a stable
income. Therefore, the following may be consider for adoption of alternatives to shifting
cultivation,








Permanent farm land
Permanent soil conservation
Water conservation
Permanent structuring of the land
Establishment of perennial crops
Multiple cropping
Crop rotations
Mulching and organic matter recycling
1.4 Organic food production in the state:
The earlier chemical approach technology has disturbed the biological composition of
soil, which might have lasting adverse impact on equilibrium. Unless the disturbed natural
resource base equilibrium is restored, sustainable agricultural growth with competitive edge
will not be possible. Restoration of soil health and fertility through appropriate organic
package would be crucial with the following strategic steps in mind:
 A drive should be launched for augmenting production and use of non-chemical
fertilizer suited to different farming situations. This would need appropriate thrust on
research and extension programmes.
 Organic Farming Systems should be identified for each agro-climatic region,
scientifically analyzed and recommended through a special publication entitled
Organic Package of Practices.
 Organic Seed Banks should be opened.
 Besides ongoing Organic certification of kholar crops, other crops should also be
identified for certification.
1.5 Cold chain/value addition/market linkage:
Cold Storage is a special kind of storage facility use to preserve the perishable
commodities of food items for a longer period with retention of the original colour, flavour
and taste.
5
The state of Nagaland has enormous potential for producing season and off season
agricultural crops, fruits and vegetables which are having high demand and prices not only
in the state but also in the adjoining states, but due to lack of proper storage and
postharvest handling, there is a huge loss specially for the perishable items.
Therefore, construction of cold storage in major production areas for safe storage of
perishable commodities is to be considered.
Nagaland produces a number of crops including several fruits, vegetables, pulses etc.
Agriculture is a major source of income for rural masses constituting 70% of the State's
population. It is a major contributor to State's economy. However, there has been an ever
increasing trend in cost of production of all crops but stagnation in prices for farm produce.
There is a high level of post-harvest losses and an uncertainty of market price due to market
glut. These factors have reduced the farm income to a great extent. In these circumstances,
the farmers of Nagaland, like rest of the country have very few options but to improve their
post-harvest management practices so that the present high levels of post-harvest losses of
25-30% could be brought down to a reasonable level of 5% or so. And secondly, they have
to add value through processing to their farm produce for better remunerative prices. These
steps can lead to better returns with increased market demand for agricultural produce and
better chances of marketing. Therefore, priority should be given to post harvest
management, food and agro processing, agri-business and agriculture marketing etc.
Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMC) can play a vital role in marketing of
agricultural produces.
1.6 Research and Development.
The agro-climatic and soil conditions of the region may be responsible for low yield.
However, another reason may be attributed to yield gap between Research and farmers
field and hence strong extension support is required to transfer appropriate technologies.
Promotion of Agricultural Research becomes very important for the growth and
development of agriculture in the state.
Extension for sustainable agriculture system should therefore emphasize helping
individual farmers critically assess their situations and promote local corporation and
coordination of common resources. In order to move from a teaching paradigm towards a
learning paradigm, highly participatory interaction and knowledge sharing among all players
is critical for extension personnel and services delivery.
Also the agricultural science is developing day by day and farming system is rapidly
modifying to produce maximum with the limited land resource. In other words, the
production of crop is increasing vertically. Agriculture in the state is also undergoing rapid
transformation and hence, speedy development of agricultural sector is essential for the
state like Nagaland, dependent on agrarian’s economy. The state is having one State
Agricultural Research Station at Yisemyong, Mokokchung which was established with the
intention to evolve the best practices which are within the reach of farmers of the state. The
SARS is working closely in number of collaborated research works with the agencies like
NEPED research, TPS with international Potato centre, ICRISAT, ICAR, AICRIP, Spices Board of
India, ICRAF etc.
The state government is to provide more funds for research during the years to
come for extensive and intensive research to bring further improvement in sectors like
6
agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery, dairy etc. A special requirement in agriculture is the
development of high altitude rain fed varieties suitable for jhum cultivation.
1.7 Farm Machineries/Equipments:
Agricultural operation in the state is still labour intensive. Use of farm machinery,
equipment and implements are still limited to a few progressive farmers because of low
purchasing power of the resource poor farmer. Mechanization is also difficult due to hilly
terrains. But without farm mechanization it is not possible to go for intensive agriculture.
Farm mechanization aims at achieving timely farm operation, efficient use of inputs,
improvement in quality of produce and safety and comfort of farmers and reduces loss of
production.
However, although there is a demand for machineries and equipments, the state
does not have high purchasing capacity due to fund constraints.
Therefore, more fund provision is required for purchase of machineries and
equipments with reasonable and affordable subsidy policy.
1.8 Agril. Link Road:
Providing of road connectivity to the rural areas assumes greater importance to
sustain the agrarian based economy. Connectivity to the potential areas from the village and
from village to highways and then to markets will boost the economy of the rural farmers.
Timely availability of inputs, disposal of produces is crucial issues in agriculture and for the
rural economic growth. Rural roads will facilitate timely agricultural inputs as well as
marketable surplus produce to reach the market outlets. It is therefore imperative to
provide road connectivity to the rural villages with agricultural potential areas. This will
provide access for agricultural produce area to reach the market centres and also facilitate
increase and easy availability of agricultural inputs.
Hence construction of rural roads will change rural economy at faster pace having
long term socio-economic development by improving economy and living standard of rural
farming community.
2. REPORT ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE THROUGH HORTICULTURAL
ACTIVITIES
The people of Nagaland rely heavily on Agriculture and other natural resources to
meet their livelihood needs. Jhum cultivation (or Shifting cultivation) is an intrinsic part of
the Naga culture which is deeply rooted in our culture, customs and beliefs It has been
reported that in every 100 farming households, there are 52 households practicing Jhum
cultivation, 30 households doing Jhum cultivation together with settled cultivation and only
18 households practicing settled farming alone. Jhum cultivation is said to be the most
primitive form of cultivation, least productive and most destructive to natural resources
such as land and vegetation. Yet, farmers practise it mainly because of its one most
7
important advantage. That is, according to them, in jhum cultivation most of their domestic
needs can be obtained by mixing as many crops as possible in a unit field.
The Horticulture sector encompasses a wide range of crops e.g., fruit crops, vegetable
crops, potato and tuber crops, ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic crops, spices and
plantation crops. Over the years, horticulture has emerged as one of the potential
agricultural enterprise in accelerating the growth of the State’s economy. Its role in the
State’s nutritional security, poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes is
becoming increasingly important. It offers not only a wide range of option to the farmers for
crop diversification, but also provides ample scope for sustaining a large number of Agroindustries which generate huge employment opportunities.
As a result of a number of thoughtful research, technological and policy initiatives and
inputs, horticulture in Nagaland, today, has become a sustainable and viable venture for the
small and marginal farmers. It is a matter of satisfaction that their food consumption levels
and household income have increased. Besides, this sector has also started attracting
entrepreneurs for taking up horticulture as a commercial venture as is evident from a large
number of private entrepreneurs blossoming in the State. Therefore there is a great scope
for the horticulture industry to grow and flourish in the State and the opportunities for
development of horticulture based farming system in the State are endless and it is time to
explore this multi-facet sector for improving the livelihood and thereby the socio-economic
condition of the people of the State.
There is no further scope for horizontal expansion of land for cultivation and because
of fragmentation and subdivision of land and increase in population there is Continuous
decline in the per capita availability of land day by day only alternative to reclaim the
problem soil, horizontally and shift toward vertical expansion and diversification of farm
enterprises which have less demand on space and time particularly for small and marginal
farmers with very limited resources especially in rainfed areas.
The past decade has seen a rise in the area and production of horticultural crops
largely due to the intervention of the Horticulture Department through the Horticulture
Mission for North East and Himalayan States (HMNEH, now sub-sumed into MIDH)
Programme, which has been the driving force behind the Development of Horticulture in
the State. Under the programme, large scale area expansion of potential focused crops like
pineapple, banana, passion fruit, ginger, turmeric, large cardamom, Naga chilli, vegetables
etc has been undertaken, which has greatly increased the coverage of horticultural crops in
the State (Area and Production of various horticultural crops annexed as annexure-I) . This
program has been successfully implemented in the State and has positively changed the
economic status of the farmers thereby uplifting the socio-economic condition of the State.
Horticulture can play a key role in the “Food for all” and in achieving a growth rate in
excess of 4% per annum in the agriculture and allied sector as envisioned in the Vision 2025
document with investments that seek to:

Realize the opportunities of horticultural development
8




Improve food security
Improve nutrition and human health
Provide opportunities for diversification of income
Advance economic and social conditions of the rural poor, particularly women
The recommended per capita requirement for fruits and vegetables is 175
gms/person/day and 325 gms/person/day for fruits and vegetables respectively, which
means that the State will have to produce 257088.19 MT of fruits and 477449.49 MT of
vegetables in order to meet the requirement of the projected population of 4024864 people
by 2025. Thus, leaving a huge responsibility on the State to intensify the development of the
horticulture sector if, the above requirements and the objective of “Food for all” are to be
met.
The following suggestions are made for the development of Horticulture sector in
the State:
1.1 Promotion of Indigenous Crops
The State is rich in its biodiversity and has its own indigenous crops like Naga Mircha,
Naga sweet cucumber, Naga Garlic, Naga Leek etc which have great potential for
development in the State. These indigenous crops are yet to be explored to its fullest
potential and therefore, it will be of great benefit for the State if adequate provisions are
made Promotion of these indigenous crops commercially under the programmes of the
State.
1.2 Converting the Organic by Default into Organic by Design farming system:
The farming system in the State is largely ‘Organic by default’ which means that the
farmers do not use fertilizers or other soil amendments and therefore, with time the soil
loses its fertility leading to low productivity. Moreover, soil testing is not done by the
farmers mostly due to lack of knowledge and partly due to lack of soil testing facilities in the
State. Most of the horticultural crops are heavy feeders of nutrients and thus the soil have
to be replenished with nutrients through fertilizers and manures which do not go well with
the farmers and they are of the view that cultivation of horticultural crops leads to more
expenditure which is in reality just a myth as cultivation of horticultural crops brings more
return within a very short span of time as compared to shifting cultivation. Given the
present situation, it is only logical that this “Organic by Default” may be converted into
“Organic by Design”, in which potential crops may be identified based on the market
potential and brought under Organic farming with certification, so that farmers may get
better income through the sale of their products
1.3 Strengthening of credit linkages in Horticultural production:
The system of land ownership is somewhat complicated with the ownership of land
and the individual rights being governed by what is known a customary law of the
community and in case of any dispute the interpretation of rights is vested in the village
council. As there is no clear cut land ownership pattern in the State, from the point of view
of bank lending, it is risky as there are no definite laws for the bank to rely for security. One
9
of the most important Acts relating to banking sector viz. The Transfer of Property Act has
so far amongst others not been applicable to Nagaland on account of the safeguards
provided under the Indian Constitution through Article 371 (A). The non-applicability of the
Transfer of Property Act in its wake has created a situation wherein land cannot be taken as
collateral and thus offered as security which has led to lack of flow of Ground level credit
and has hampered in the development of Horticulture in the State. The farmers willing to
take up horticultural activity are faced with the problem of absence of credit for meeting
their expenditure from the initial till the gestation period of their horticultural activity and
have become a lacuna in the Development of this sector. Therefore, efforts may be made to
encourage the financial institutions and banks to come forward and assist the farmers
through loans for undertaking horticultural activities
2.4. Strengthening of Marketing and Post harvest Management Infrastructures:
Marketing as a pre-requisite for development should go simultaneously matching with
production and consumption of produce. Marketing is considered to be essential for
development, and adoption of Horticultural technology may revert back if the marketing
system is outmoded, uncertain and risky. Nagaland being constrained by geographical
isolation, socio-political instability has experienced low rate of growth in comparison to
other parts of the country. The basic marketing problems with regard to Horticulture in the
State and which need attention arei)
Marketing density ii)Enactment of Market Legislation iii)Market infrastructures
iv) unorganised Marketing v) Processing facilities vi) Transport bottleneck vii)
Storage facility viii) Market information ix) Post harvest care
It has been observed that the availability of markets is scanty in the State as a result of
which Horticultural produce market are exploitative and devoid of competition. It has been
estimated that in Nagaland the number of wholesale assembling markets is only about 10
while the number of rural markets is only about 29 which is very less considering the
production and demand for the horticultural commodities. This low density of market
directly hampers the production of horticultural crops in the State.
Enactment of Agricultural Produce Market Act in the State has not made much
progress. The structures are lying idle and the farmers are not benefitted from it. The main
reasons are locational disadvantage, non-cooperation of traders and government, lack of
knowledge, deficiency in market structures, lack of initiatives etc. All these reasons have
discouraged the farmers in taking up horticultural production in the State.
The State is weak in organised marketing structures and the co-operative marketing
structure is also weak. Establishment of NERAMAC in this region assumed to alleviate
difficulties in marketing of horticultural produce has not been of much help since its
functioning in the State is not so satisfactory.
Processing facilities are also inadequate for fruits/vegetables and spices. The lone
functioning processing centre is the one located at Dimapur under the Department of
Industries and Commerce while the Fruit Canning Factory at Longnak under Mokokchung
10
District manned by the Department of Horticulture is in the process of Revitalization.
Recently, the Assam Rifles had under Military Civic Action Programme established
a "Pineapple Canning Plant" at Medziphema under Dimapur district. However, these alone
are not adequate to meet the increasing demand for food processing and thus hampers
horticultural production scenario in the state.
The State has poor transport and communication facilities and the farmers are to
walk several kilometres to reach the market for selling off their produce. Besides, rural
market/assembling centres for horticultural produces are connected mostly by kaccha road
and it incurs higher cost of transportation.
Storage facility for horticultural produces is also inadequate in the State. The state
experiences periods of glut and shortage and reports of wastage of horticultural reports
during the peak season of production have been reported in tomatoes in Longkhum village
of Mokokchung district and passion fruit in Wokha district leading to huge losses which
deter the farmers from taking up horticultural activities.
Besides, proper post-harvest care for sorting, grading, packaging etc are lacking in
the State which results to loss from 35 to 51 per cent of fruits and vegetables in transit
leading to high losses and thus detrimental for horticultural production.
Therefore, the State needs to seriously strengthen its marketing and Post harvest
management facilities for giving a facelift to the horticulture scenario in the State. These
facilities need to be prioritized not just under the CSS Schemes but also in the State’s Annual
Action Plan, lest the objectives of Infrastructure Development as contained in the Vision
2025 Documents remains a farce and the goals as envisioned through the development of
the above infrastructures becomes a total failure.
Nagaland Horticulture has the potential to grow rapidly so as to meet the existing
shortages and assume primacy in the national Horticultural economy. The State has
immense Horticultural resources, to facilitate a golden Revolution in the Country. However,
despite the strength of the horticulture sector, the rate of growth has been below its
potential.
There has been a conspicuous failure to exploit those resources to the desired level.
The most important lesson for Nagaland is to capitalize on strength and convert weakness
into opportunity through creation of infrastructure, adoption of technologies, strengthening
of research, agricultural education and market orientation and horticultural enterprises.
Success story of other states could also be tried as mode. The policy of ‘business as usual’
will not do.
The state has to make efforts on a war footing, intensify their activity and implement
the programmes at the ground level. The proper exploitation of opportunities in the State
would be the opportunity for it to emerge as the economically sound State in the country.
This will be based on a dynamic Horticulture sector which is economically viable and
sustainable.
11
Sustainability means every generation should inherit a similar natural environment.
Therefore sustainable development may be defined as the development process that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to
meet their own needs. However, the present system of shifting cultivation widely prevalent
in the State is not in line with sustainability, which means there is a threat to the future
generation from our present activity which should revert back and pave the way for Hortibased farming system which is viable and sustainable vis-à-vis to Shifting cultivation and
should be encouraged which can be an alternative to the existing system and have the
ability to improve the livelihood of the present generation of the State.
3. SOIL SURVEY AND LAND USE PLANNING
Soil Survey and Land Use Planning is one of the flagships programmes of the
Department Of Soil And Water Conservation. It plays a vital role in the developmental
activities being undertaken in different schemes of the department. As a part of the scheme,
survey of Jhum lands has been carried out in all the districts. GPS was employed while
collecting the soil samples which will be tested for fertility and appropriate remedial
measures will be adopted wherever required. With the help of the data collected, soil map
will be prepared which will serve as a data bank and be a rich source of information for end
users.
Survey of Jhum lands will help in determining the length of the Jhum cycle, the crops
being raised, use of chemical fertilizers, if any, and thus, a comparative study of the districts
where Jhum is prevalent can be done. This information will be useful for scholars conducting
research on Jhum farming.
3.2 SOIL SAMPLES COLLECTED UNDER JHUM LAND SURVEY DURING 2014-15.
Sl.
No.
District
Number of villages
covered
Number of Soil
Samples collected
1
Kohima
5
15
2
Wokha
10
70
3
Mokokchung
42
361
4
Tuensang
15
45
12
5
Longleng
5
35
6
Mon
15
105
7
Kiphire
5
35
8
Peren
5
35
9
Zunheboto
15
105
10
Phek
15
105
11
Dimapur
5
15
Total:
137
926
4. Agricultural Development Activities under Department of Land Resources.
The main objective of the Department of Land Resources Department (LRD),
Government of Nagaland is to evolve integrated strategies for better utilization of the
natural resource base and take up activities aimed at reclaiming the degraded lands and
increasing productivity, creating employment opportunities, raising rural incomes and living
standard, restoring ecological balance and thereby promoting over-all economic
development on a sustained basis.
To fulfil these objectives, 2 (two) major schemes are presently implemented by the
Department under both Central and State sponsored scheme.
4.1 CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME :
- INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (IWMP)
The Department is the State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) for implementation of
“Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)” which is a flagship programme of
the Government of India, under Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Land
Resources.
“The main objective of the IWMP is to restore the ecological balance by harnessing,
conserving and developing degraded natural resources such as soil, vegetative cover and
water. The outcomes are prevention of soil run-off, regeneration of natural vegetation, rain
water harvesting and recharging of the ground water table. This enables multi-cropping and
the introduction of diverse agro-based activities, which help to provide sustainable
livelihoods to the people residing in the watershed area”.
IWMP is implemented under the Common Guideline for Watershed Development
‘2008, where watershed development has been restructured by including new components
13
such as dedicated institutions with professional support at all levels, livelihoods for the
assets-less, production systems and micro-enterprises, capacity building of stakeholders and
concurrent monitoring & evaluation. IWMP works in building the rural community’s
capacity to meet future demands of maintaining the ecological balance and addressing
challenges of climate change, while ensuring sustainable growth.
For implementation of IWMP in Nagaland State, State Perspective and Strategic Plan
(SPSP) has been prepared and approved for treatment of a total of 9.25 lakh hectares of
cultivable wastelands in the State during the next 18 years (up to 14 th Five Year Plan). Till
date 4.76 lakhs hectares have been sanctioned for treatment under different Batches.
IWMP is implemented through proper baseline survey, PRA and Capacity Building
involving a range of stakeholders with diverse priorities and capabilities and decentralised
planning and implementation. Holistic and integrated treatment plans are made
scientifically for each micro-watershed projects by using IT, remote sensing techniques &
GIS. IWMP involves multiple stakeholder approach. A great emphasis is given for
cconvergence of activities with schemes of other Department/Ministry is mandatory of the
programme for wider impacts through joint actions and sharing of resources and for
enhanced community partnership.
Following are the main field activities of IWMP under agricultural development sector:
1. Watershed Development Works
 Afforestation
 Management intervention for Natural Regeneration
 Soil & Moisture Conservation Works
o Water Reservoir
o Water Harvesting Structures
o Check Dams
o Irrigation Channels
o Bench Terracing/ Half-moon Terracing
o Contour bunds
o Gully plug, Percolation tanks, Gabion Structures
2. Horticultural Crops (Kiwi, Orange, Banana, Pineapple, Litchi, Apple etc.)
3. Plantation crops (Rubber, Coffee, Sugarcane, Tea, cardamom, Tree-beans, etc.)
4. Spice Crops (Black pepper, Beetle vine, turmeric, ginger, etc.)
5. Field crops and Seasonal vegetables (Kidney Bean, Soya bean, Potato, Cole Crops, etc.)
4.2. STATE SPONSORED SCHEME : RUBBER PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT
Rubber plantation in Nagaland is becoming increasingly popular owing to the high
success rate, associated with high economic returns and employment opportunity from the
plantation. It is also attracting a good number of jhum farmers from rural areas as it
provides permanent settled form of agriculture, thus rubber plantation is turning out to be a
viable alternative to jhum practice.
14
Extensive plantations have been taken up in the recent past in Nagaland through the
initiatives of the Land Resources Department and the Rubber Board, the area under rubber is
rapidly expanding every year. Plantations are mainly confined to the foothills and valley
lands of Dimapur, Wokha, Mokokchung and Peren district. However, it has also been
extending gradually to other suitable areas in Mon, Longleng, Zunheboto and Tuensang
districts.
The State has a potential for 3.80 lakh hectares of rubber plantation, out of which
1,00,000 Ha. is targeted to be brought under cultivation. The present area covered is about
10,000 hectares with about 40 lakh standing trees at various stages of growth. About 3.50
lakh trees (800 Ha.) are under harvest presently which produces about 3500 MT per annum
of rubber during the initial period of harvest. During the next 3 years, at least 10.00 lakh
trees covering an area of 2500 Ha. will attain tapping stage.
Though many rural people are encouraged to take up rubber plantations, majority of
them who are small and marginal farmers, face extreme difficulty to sustain themselves
through the long gestation period, leave alone harvesting and processing of the latex due to
the large capital and labour investment required. Therefore, there is a great need for the
Government to provide adequate support and services to the growers.
The success of rubber plantation in the state has also created avenues for setting up
of rubber-based manufacturing industries in view of the easy availability of high quality
natural rubber in the state. Rubber-based industrial venture will not only improve the
State’s GDP, but through the expansion of economic activities, it would create the much
needed job opportunities thus fulfilling to our avowed objective of alleviation of poverty.
5. Agriculture Developmental Programmes for under Sericulture
Department.
Sericulture is an Agro-based Industry and has great potential to create more
employment opportunities and upliftment of rural economy. It is generally a rural based
activity that is normally practiced by the rural community where the land is readily available.
Favourable climatic and topographic conditions prevailing in the State has provided an
opportunity to practice all the four varieties of silkworm races namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga
and Tasar. The activities can be easily taken up by every member of the family. Sericulture
is thus regarded one of the important sector that offers good opportunity for solving the
socio-economic problem as well as creating regular employment in the society. The most
unique characteristic of Sericulture is its ability for generation of employment opportunity
and income at regular intervals and can be considered as one of remunerative cash crop
activity in the State.
Sericulture activities can be broadly classified into two Sector such as ;
1. Primary Sector or Pre-Cocoon Sector which is agriculture in nature that involves
cultivation of host plant, rearing of silkworm, raising of nursery and seed
preparation.
2. Secondary Sector or Post-Cocoon Sector which involves Spinning & Reeling,
Weaving, Dyeing & Designing and product diversification and Marketing etc.
15
Nagaland being a hilly, land lock and having poor communication system, has put severe
limitation for setting up large scale industries for economic development and employment
generation. Therefore the main focus is to encourage towards development of Agro-based
activities. And amongst the various Agro-based activities, Sericulture being a multi-crop
activity can offer an ample scope for generation of maximum employment opportunity with
handsome returns through its various activities.
More emphasis has been laid by the Government in various fields for creating
employment opportunities especially for the educated unemployed youth. In the absences of
organized Industry in the State, Sericulture, being an Agro-based and labour intensive
Industry, which involves both Agricultural and Industrial sector, provides an ample scope to
generate maximum self employment opportunities to the educated unemployed section and
also to the women folk in the rural areas. It is hope that with proper planning and support,
Sericulture activities can transform the mindset and economy by empowering them with
Human resource Development and regular income generating activity through the multichained activity in the field of raising Plantation, Raising of Seedlings/Saplings, Silkworm
Rearing, Silkworm Seed Preparation, Spinning & Reeling of Silk yarns, Weaving and
product diversification, dyeing and Marketing etc.
To facilitate rapid Sericulture Development in the State, Infrastructural and institutional
support through Skill development for proper utilization of the existing resources from various
stakeholders will go a long way to realize the fruit of development for better living standard of the
people.
The following Agriculture Developmental Programmes aimed at increase in
productivity and cost effective:5.1 STRENGTHENING OF SILKWORM SEED CENTRES :
Silkworm seed is the back bone of Sericulture Industry. Silkworm seed plays a
significant role in increasing the productivity of Sericulture Sector and the cost effectiveness
of sericulture activities lies in increased productivity and higher returns. Silkworm seed
continues to be one among many critical inputs for sustenance of sericulture on a sound
footing. Generation of quality seed cocoons is an important input to meet the objective of
higher returns from silkworm rearings.
The requirement of silkworm seed in the State is met by 3 agencies, viz. The
Department of Sericulture (DOS) of State Government, National Silkworm Seed
Organization (NSSO) of Central Silk Board and private Seed Producers.
The success of various programmes and achievement of target largely depends on the
production and supply of high quality of silkworm seeds to the sericulturist. The timely
supply of quality seed to the commercial rearers ensure crop giving regular handsome returns.
So when the proposed targets are fully implemented besides the ongoing schemes around
50.00 lakhs of Dfls (silkworm seeds) are required to feed the silkworm rearers annually in
the State.
However, with the present infrastructure, in spite of the trained manpower available in
the department, the state could mobilise a production of only 15 to 20 lakh of the total
requirement of Silkworm Seeds and the remaining shortfall is meet from outside source. It
has been estimated that around Rs.1.50 to Rs.2.00 crores is being drained outside the state
16
annually through the purchase of Seed cocoons and silkworm seeds. This bring much lost to
state farmers and at the same time brings lost to State revenue and income. This is attributed
to lack of proper infrastructure and technological set up in the Seed Sector. The department
has been trying to revamp the seed sectors but could not take up the work due to fund
constrains.
The raw Cocoon production Target and corresponding requirement of Silkworm Seed
in the State during the 12th Plan Period is given below ;Sector
Target for Cocoon
Production
(MT)
SEED
400-450
Dfls(Seed) Present level of
Requirement Dfls Production
(Lakh No.)
In the state
(Lakh No.)
50.00
20.00
Demand and
Supply Gap
(Lakh No.)
30.00
In view of the present situation prevailing in the state in regard to Sericulture
Development, the department proposed to revamp/strengthened the seed production centres
in the state with a target to produce 50.00 lakhs Dfls (Disease Free Layings) annually.
The department, therefore proposed an amount of Rs.300.00 lakhs for implementation
of Silkworm Seed Production Centres.
5.2 PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT :Sericulture industry depends solely on the development of host plant plantation being
the feeds of Silkworm. In view of the favourable climatic condition prevailing in the state, all
the varieties of host plant are all abundantly available and for which all the four types of
silkworm races namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga and Tasar can be successfully adopted. During
the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012), the department has given emphasis for development of
Eri Silk registering a steady growth by achieving a production of 300.00 MT in terms of
Cocoon. With the implementation of various viable schemes under both Centrally Sponsored
and State Plan programmes over the past years, about 4800 hectares of land has been
covered under Plantation of host plant and Silkworm rearing. The development of the other
three types is slow but also steadily picking up. The raising of host plant and silkworm
rearing is being practiced simultaneously.
Sericulture practices has been playing a pivotal role in supplementing family income
and generating employment to the rural poor through efficient utilization of Sericulture
products and by-products. The success and growth of Silk Industry largely depends on the
systematic plantation/cultivation of silkworm host plant. The need to evolve and introduce
high yielding varieties, disease resistant, application of modern technology in farming and
silkworm rearing will be the main approach.
With rapid increase in the population, the land use has reached to a saturation point
where the cycle of jhum cultivation has been reduced to 5-6 years and non productive. For
conservation of bio-diversity, raising of silkworm host plant can offer a stable cultivation
practices which will not only generate income and employment but will also conserve and
protect environment and ecology since the host plants are perennial and can live for many
years.
17
. These would be achieved by changing the approach from emphasis on subsidies to
creating an enabling environment. A cluster approach can help increase viability by providing
infrastructure and support services of better quality at lower cost. Furthermore, in order to
improve the competitiveness of small and marginal enterprises, establishment of designs
clinics, providing marketing support and skill up-gradation should be evolved. Special focus
is therefore targeted on this sector so that its potential to create employment and higher
growth is fully realised.
The department therefore propose to cover 5000 Acres under Mulberry, Eri, Tasar
and Muga Plantation and propose an amount of Rs.1000.00 lakhs.
5.3 SKILL DEVELOPMENT:
Sericulture is an Agro-based Industry that generates both employment and economic
up-liftment within a short period of time. Being a labour intensive occupation, it provides
ample employment opportunities to the people in its various stages of the activities. It gives
one handsome productions returns in cash at frequent intervals with low capital investment
in the establishment cost. It also provides additional income to the farmers through its
products and by-products.
Training is one of the key inputs for development, The aim of the training is to
achieve development and change through planned efforts. As it plays a significant role in
entrepreneurship development, training is required for both potential and existing
entrepreneurs. Basically the objectives of training are to increase entrepreneurial spirit, to
provide scope for self development and self directed motivation, to contribute in rapid
economic growth.
In regards to the intensive Sericulture development programme, generation of
technical man-power plays a vital role. The department being the implementing agency,
require adequate number of trained and qualified personnel to manned the departmental
farms as well as to supervise the various activities.
The development of Sericulture Industry fully depends on the commercial private
rearers/entrepreneurs who are mostly common farmers having no technical knowledge in
the handlings of silkworms, maintenance of plantation and post cocoon managements. It is
therefore necessary that farmers/entrepreneurs should be well equipped with technical
know-how of Sericulture activities prior to their involvement as commercial
rearers/entrepreneurs.
In view of the above, the department has been conducting regular trainings under
short and long term courses on a make shift arrangement at Reeling & Twisting Unit
Dimapur. The trainings are mainly targeted towards the youth sector. However, separate
training halls and proper accommodation facilities are lacking at this centre which bring
discomfort to the department as well as to the trainees. To conduct more and effective
trainings on a regular basis, it is felt necessary to have separate trainings halls and
accommodation facilities and fully equipped with modern machineries & equipments.
It is therefore propose an amount of Rs.100.00 Lakh for implementation of the
programme.
6. Task Force on Agriculture Development through Animal Husbandry, with special
focus on Piggery development.
18
6.1. Livestock and poultry farming has been an integral part of the people since time
immemorial and are symbolic to the health and wealth of a Naga family. Animal Husbandry
practices have been playing a pivotal role in supplementing family income and generating
employment to the rural poor apart from efficient utilization of agricultural products &
byproducts not suitable for human consumption. This inherent aptitude of the people needs to
be exploited to provide valuable animal protein essential for maintaining physical health of
the people as well as to provide draft power for cultivation especially in the foot – hill areas
of the State.
6.2 Increasing unemployment in the State among the educated youths of the State has been a
subject of great concern. In the absence of any organized industry in the State, Animal
Husbandry & Dairying alone can absorb a large fraction of such vast number of unemployed
in the State Rural migration to urban areas is a continuous and irreversible process. This
makes the life of the already congested urban and semi urban areas tougher and competitive
inviting more anti social elements. This tendency to opt for urban life can be greatly reduced
if the living standard of the rural economy is improved. Thus, Livestock farming in a
scientific and profitable way can play a vital role in improving the rural economy.
6.3. Present Status:- The food habits of the people in the State are mostly non-vegetarian
(90%) and consumption of meat particularly pork & chicken are quite high. Beside, with the
change in diets the consumption of milk and eggs in the state has been steadily growing. The
State Net Domestic Products on these items are unable to meet the requirement of the State
population. For which, import on these items from outside the State is continuing to bridge
the demand and supply gap. During 2013-14, the import quantum into the State stands at over
Rs. 250 crores, and almost 50% of the total requirement of meat, milk and eggs are being
imported from outside the state.
3.1 Vision 1. “Self sufficiency” in Animal Husbandry Products – Milk, Meat & Egg.
2. Produce surplus for “Value Addition” & “Export”.
3. “Create self employment” avenues through livestock & poultry farming and raise
employability.
4. “Intensive Health Care” services at the farmers doorstep.
5. “Genetic improvement” of livestock & poultry breeds through selective breeding,
particularly in piggery sector.
6. “Enhance Feed and Fodder Production” by introducing improved fodder seeds and
increased use of wastelands & pasturelands and also by setting up Feed Plants for
processing of raw materials.
7. “Conservation, Propagation and Development” of indigenous breeds of the State.
6.4. Programmes:- To achieve the above Vision with the Approaches and Strategies
mentioned above, the Department proposes to implement the following programme supported
with effective Veterinary Health Services, Artificial Insemination (AI) services, Fodder
Production etc. beginning from 2015-16 as follows:1. Piggery Development:- For production of quality piglets and finishers by involving
various stakeholder on commercial scale and backyard piggeries. Pork is the
preferred meat for large number of consumers in NE India, including Nagaland. There
is an increasing demand for pork among both traditional and non-traditional pork
eaters. Studies of the pig sub-sector in Assam and Nagaland (Deka et al., 2007; Deka
and Thorpe, 2008) have highlighted the potential for improvement of livelihoods and
19
employment generation among tribal and other marginalized groups, through the
development of the pig sub-sector. The state has the highest per capita consumption of
pork. In 2004-05, the state recorded the slaughter of 386,000 pigs with net yield of
29,350 metric tons of pork meat (Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, Department of
Animal Husbandry & Dairy, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI). Nagaland, however, still
depends heavily for its pork requirement on supply from outside the state. Sample
market survey undertaken in district headquarters indicate that pigs sourced from
outside that state and slaughtered for pork accounts for nearly 10.26 MT with a
monetary value of Rs. 92.5 Crores per annum. This has resulted in huge financial
drain and health risk factors, due to the unknown sources of the pigs. Thus piggery
development should be the primary focus of the state through the following
intervention. :i)
Take up pig genome study and framing of pig breeding policy, for
improvement of the present and local variety available in the state, for better
commercial result.
ii)
Take up piggery in all rural areas as a livelihood program, with good
practices and management.
iii)
Encourage commercial piggery farming in urban semi-urban areas among
progressive farmers.
iv)
Thus creating a market change value from the rural areas to the urban areas
with potentials for export to other states.
v)
Take up intensive AI programs, through establishment of Boars Farm,
and other imports of better genetics.
vi)
Introduce improved feeds, and take up fodder cultivation
vii)
Train Local Service Providers, in all rural areas for immediate first aide
services and imparting of better management techniques.
viii) Provide adequate health services, particularly in the area of swine fever
vaccines, which is in acute shortage in the country.
2. Cattle Development:- Production of quality heifer, induction of superior cattle with
logistic support by involving dairy farmers, milk union, societies, SHG etc. focusing
toward “White Revolution” in the State. The entire operation of production will be
integrated with forward & backward linkage i.e. processing, chilling, packaging and
organised marketing for maximum remuneration of the farmers. For effective
implementation of DEDS, the banks in the state has to be more pro-active.
3. Poultry Development:- It is proposed to produce sufficient LIT birds from the
Department Poultry Farms, which will be linked Satellite Poultry farms at the farmers
level so that farmers / entrepreneurs can take up Finisher Unit or Egg Production Unit
as per the capacity of the farmers.
4. Small Animal Development:- Goatery and Rabbitery are also popular amongst the
farmers, particularly with the women folks. Therefore, production of superior
germplasm of goat and rabbit from the Department farms shall be given priority so as
enable the farmers to set up medium size goatery & rabbitery for commercial purpose.
5. Development of Indigenous Animal:- Nagaland is blessed with indigenous animals
such as Mithun, Phre, Thotho Cattle, Swamp Buffaloes, Desi Pig (Votho/Suwo) Desi
Poultry, Long hair Goat etc. both for meat and drought purposes. Importance will be
20
given for improvement of these animals for enhancement of their production and
productivity for achieving toward self sufficiency.
6. Conclusion:- It is anticipated that the consolidated achievement of the above
programme shall lead toward self sufficiency in the State, provide employment
opportunities, enhance State revenue by stopping import, improve the nutritional and
socio-economic status of the people. Finally, it will also open scope for export to
neighbouring State and also to Mynamar, especially if focus is given in pig/pork
production.
7. A STATUS REPORT ON FISHERIES SECTOR FOR TASK FORCE ON AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE:
INTRODUCTION:
The State Fisheries sector has great potential exists for expanding due to presence of
varied and unique fisheries resources in the form of negligibly utilized water resources like
ponds and tanks, wet terrace paddy fields, lakes and reservoirs, swamps and marshy areas,
streams and rivers etc. Special efforts have been made to promote fish culture by way of
adopting semi-intensive to intensive fish culture, paddy-cum-fish culture, reservoir fisheries,
integrated farming etc. through joint ventures between the fish farmers and the
Department. These efforts have led towards sustainable increase in the fish production,
which directly have supplemented the GSDP growth rate by 4.92%. Fisheries provide
adequate and tangible opportunities towards livelihood development, nutritional security,
revenue generation and employment generation in the country.
A production of 7835 MT has been achieved during the Annual Plan 2014-15 which provided
an average per capita consumption of 3.96 kgs fish through local production. In addition, a
bulk quantity of 3850 MT fish is supplemented by importing from outside the State that
provides total per capita consumption at 5.91 kgs (as per 2011 census). The average
productivity levels of fish envisage to achieve from ponds, paddy-cum-fish culture (earthen
and semi-permanent embankment) and reservoir fisheries is 2050, 335, 500 and 158.5
kgs/ha/yr respectively.
7.2 PRESENT SCENARIO OF FISHERIES IN NAGALAND:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Particulars
Fish production
Fish seed production
Demonstration fish farm
Govt. Carp hatcheries
Prawn hatchery
Training centers
Unit/Nos.
7835 MT
477 lakhs
6
2
1
5
7.3 RESOURCES:
The data presented below indicates the potential areas available for development of Fishery
activities in the State.
21
Sl. Type of Resources
No.
1
A
B
2
Inland Culture Fisheries:
(a) Ponds/Tanks
(b) Integrated Fish culture
Paddy-cum-Fish culture
Livestock-cum-Fish culture
Inland Capture Fisheries
(a) Lakes and Reservoirs
(b) Rivers/ Streams
Fisheries
(c) Marshy/ Swamps
Fisheries etc.
Resource potential
Estimated Utilized
potential
area uptill
total area 2010-11
(ha)
(ha)
3
4
Percentage
Unutilized of Area
utilized till
area
date
(ha)
Total average
productivity
level
(kg/ha/yr)
5
6
7
30,000
3140
26,860
10.47%
2050
82,500
-
3010
-
79,490
-
3.65%
-
335-500
-
2500
1600 kms
2300
-
200
-
92%
-
158.5
-
1500
918
582
61%
-
7.4 STRATEGIES/APPROACH FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES IN THE STATE:
The objective of the Department is to attain the level of self sustenance in fish production
through efficient utilization of available resources by laying special emphasis on human
resource development, diversifying fishery activities and by applying more technological
inputs.
Basing on the topographic nature of the State and to enhance fish production, the
Department envisages implementing the following programs and schemes:
To prioritize availability of quality fish seed for achieving self sufficiency in fish production.
To develop Flow-Through system Fisheriesin potential streams or rivers for augmenting fish
production.
Development of Lakes/Reservoir Fisheries through ranching under replenishment of fish
stocks.
Integrated Fish Farming with other farming for enhancing productivity.
It is also contemplated to develop species diversification to supplement fish production.
To promote and intensify Giant Freshwater Prawn cultures.
To promote Ornamental Fish culture through conservation of endemic and indigenous fish
species of ornamental value.
To develop Post Harvest Technology for facilitating preservation and quality control.
Capacity Building and skill development in fisheries technology to rural farmers.
7.5 ONGOING SCHEMES CONTRIBUTING TO FISH PRODUCTION IN THE STATE:
1. Extension and Training
2. Integrated Fish Farming
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3. Fish and Fish Seed Production
4. Women Empowerment through fisheries
5. Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture
6. National Scheme of Welfare of Fishermen
7. National Fisheries Development Board
8. North Eastern Council Sponsored Scheme
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)/
8. Irrigation & Flood Control Department for the Task Force on Agriculture
Development:
There is no snow fed rivers in the State and the whole water resources of the State
are dependent on the rainfall. Sustainable agriculture production has to be planned in by
taking into account the moisture availability. About 5% of total geographical area falls within
foothill and intermittent valleys which accounts for major agricultural production of the
State. The irrigation potential of the State is projected at 260384 Ha against which the
requirement for cereal, pulses vegetables, oilseeds etc. is estimated at 240758 Ha and fruits
production at 34608 ha respectively for attaining food security in the State (vision 2025). As
such even after harnessing all the irrigation potential of the State, there will be a shortfall of
about 15000 ha. Hence, the Agriculture Planning has to be realistically projected according
to the moisture available.
8.2 To achieve the objective of Agricultural Production in the State, the following thrust
areas are suggested:
1. Construction of permanent structures such as barrage, weir across all rivers
having sustainable discharge for achieving ultimate Irrigation potential in the
State towards providing assured irrigation round the year for double cropping
and multi-cropping.
2. Creation of water bodies by harvesting run-off in the hill slope and intermittent
valley for ground water recharge and surface irrigation.
3. Tapping spring holes, streams in the hill slopes prone to landslide and subsidence
of landmass through pipes for providing better irrigation system to small and
marginal farmers.
4. Providing micro-irrigation system in the hills and undulating slope for enhancing
horticulture crops/ cash crops/ vegetable cultivation.
5. Strengthening the financial support system to WUAs for proper Repair,
Operation & Maintenance (O&M) of irrigation system through Participatory
Irrigation Management System.
6. To take up ground water development in identified potential pockets for
intensive agriculture.
7. Adopt new technology for conservation of energy and water scarce resources
through solar panels for lift irrigation from wells, ponds, rivers and plastic films
for lining canals, ponds, and reservoir.
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8. Adopt measures for protection of fertile agricultural lands particularly in
intermittent valleys and foothills from river meandering, bank erosion and flash
flooding.
9. Consorted coordination and integration of all agricultural and allied activities for
optimum utilization of irrigation potential towards increased agricultural
production and productivity.
9
COOPERATION DEPARTMENT
Cooperative Movement in the State dates back to the year 1946 when two
Cooperative Societies one each in Kohima and Mokokchung were established. However, the
real effort for organizing the Cooperative movement in the State was made only after
Nagaland attained statehood in 1963 and the Office of the Registrar of Cooperative
Societies, Nagaland was established in the year 1966 by bifurcating from Agriculture
Department. Presently activities of the Department has covered the entire state through
sub-ordinate offices in all 11 (eleven) district, 1 (one) sub-divisional office and a training
centre. The Department have also established specialized/focused State-level institutions to
meet specific needs.
As recommendation to the Nagaland State ‘Task Force on Agriculture Development’
constituted under the NITI Aayog, the following report is presented here below for inclusion
in the Report of the State Task Force.
9.1 Focus Area
Cancellation of
cooperative
societies
Re-invigoration of
Cooperative Credit
Streamlining of
Cooperative
Marketing
One Village – One
Society
Boost to
Weaving &
In line with the Cabinet approval, cut down the number of
cooperative societies from the present 7000+ to its half through
stringent cancellation of non-functioning and defunct cooperative
societies.
In order to revitalize the whole credit structure for ensuring adequate
flow of credit to the needy grass root level farmers/entrepreneurs,
schemes for ‘Strengthening of Base-Capital’ is proposed to be
incorporated with the NStCB Ltd. and state level thrift & credit
cooperative federation.
Address the deficit market linkages amongst scattered and
independent farmers by formulating pro-farmers market linkages,
supply chain and go-downs. Strengthen the existing apex cooperative
marketing federation – MARCOFED.
As policy directive, promotion of only one each cooperative society of
various activities in one village as Model Cooperatives for proper
management and administration.
Revitalize the only apex level weaving and Handicrafts cooperative
society – WEAFED.
24
Handicraft
Cooperatives
Cooperative
Education
Infrastructure
Development
Provides employment opportunities to under-educated women and
provide livelihood support avenues.
A paradigm shift in the way cooperative education is propagated in
the State. Training and equipping people/cooperators to face global
environment and act as catalyst in transforming cooperatives into
dynamic income generating enterprises.
Support the ongoing construction of the directorate building.
Construction of office buildings in Dimapur, Wokha, Mokochung,
Peren, Tuensang and Zunheboto districts and in the 3 (three) new
upgraded districts.
9.2 Cancellation of non-functioning cooperative societies
One major reason for the slow growth of cooperative movement in the State is due
uncontrolled growth of cooperative societies, which has chocked the emerging
cooperative movement in the State. Most of these are formed to tap the subsidy
based projects and schemes, many of which lay dormant and defunct without
performing any economic activities. The Department intends to cancel these nonfunctioning cooperatives through systemic and stringent mechanism and bring down
the total number of registered cooperatives by half.
1. Re-invigoration of Cooperative Credit
Cooperative Thrift and Credit activities in the State are basically executed through
a. The apex level cooperative bank viz., the Nagaland State Cooperative Bank
(NStCB) Ltd., and
b. The apex level thrift and credit federation viz., the EATACOL Ltd.
Out of 58 administrative blocks of the State, the NStCB ltd. has a presence
only in 21 blocks. The department intends to extend banking facilities to these
unbanked areas through Short Term agriculture loans and Kisan Credit. Recent
experience with small savings, inculcation of thrift habits and micro-credit in the
districts of Phek, Peren and Kohima has produced satisfactory results. The
department intends to multiply these successful habits in other parts of the State
through the intervention of Entrepreneurs Associates Thrift & Credit Cooperative
Federation Ltd. (EATACOL) and the affiliated PACS.
2. Streamlining of Cooperative Marketing
A significant trait of agri producers in Nagaland is absence of collective marketing.
Produces are usually marketed on an individual capacity where there is hardly any
market regulation. The department intends to take up market intervention through
the existing assets and infrastructures of the revamped Nagaland State Marketing &
Consumers Cooperative Federation Ltd. (MARCOFED) at the apex level, LAMPS and
Mini LAMPS at the district level and PACS at the primary levels.
3. One Village – One Society
25
The hallmark of Panchayati Raj in Nagaland is the success of Village Council and
Village Development Board (VDB). Instances of VDB MPCS/ PACS promulgating
successful agri and horti activities incorporating the whole village, has resulted in
replicating this system across certain pockets in the State. The department intends
to propagate this successful story by promoting One Village – One Cooperative
Society.
4. Boost to Weaving & Handicraft Cooperatives
With the policy of the State Government giving special attention to development of
innate resources like handloom and handicrafts, the Department plans to continue
extending the much needed helping hand to the women folks through the activities
of the WEAFED, which is the premier institution of the Handloom & Artisans in the
Cooperative sector. The department’s activity will be further strengthened by the
establishment of Garment and Apparel Manufacturing Centre at Dimapur, an
outcome of Prime Minister of India visit to Nagaland in Dec. 2014. Systematic plan
action has been put in place for expansion/opening of yarn depots, strengthening of
Capital and Working base. Efforts have also been made to address the problems of
educated/uneducated unemployed women, housewives, women farmers at the
grass-root levels and marginalized women by giving them employment opportunities
through Cooperatives and amply supported by doses of considerable financial
assistance to enable them to support their livelihood during the lean periods.
5. Cooperative Education
The department proposes to bring about a paradigm shift in the way cooperative
education is propagated in the State. Slow growth of cooperative movement in the
state has primarily been attributed to the lack of training and education at many
levels. The department intends to provide persistent education at two levels:
Officers and employees of the department, and Cooperative members of primary
and apex level societies.
Training and equipping these stakeholders to face global environment will act
as catalyst in transforming cooperatives into dynamic income generating enterprises.
6. Infrastructure Development
With the Department of Cooperation’s building (Directorate) outliving its utility
Construction of new Directorate building with a Total Block Cost of ` 20.20 Crores
was initiated during 2011-12. This program was continued during 2012-13 with an
outlay of ` 250.00 Lakhs provided under Negotiated Loan (HUDCO). The Department
proposes to continue this on-going construction of new directorate building at
Pheregei, Kohima (new Capital complex). Support to the ongoing construction of
office building in Mokochung and Peren and proposed construction of new office
buildings in Dimapur, Wokha, Tuensang, Zunheboto districts and in the 3 (three) new
upgraded districts.
10.Role of Forests on Land use by Forest Department:
Forests provide a myriad of services over and above the consumptives services such as
timber and NTFP resources it provides, such as regulation of water regimes, microclimatic
conditions, and stabilization of soil and enhancement of its fertility just to name a few.
26
These are collectively known as eco system services and are intangibles (cannot be
quantified directly into monetary terms). Maintenance of ecological balance is by far the
most important role played by forests. Nagaland is located in one of the identified global
biodiversity hotspots1 and ecologically sensitive areas. Forests, covering 81.21% (FSI 2009
report) of the total landmass, form an important component of the state’s ecosystem.
Although the State of Nagaland has a geographical area of only 16,579 sq km, it harbours
very rich and unique biodiversity with the state being a part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity
hotspot. Nagaland is endowed with salubrious climate and luxuriant and diverse forest
types ranging from alpine in the Saramati to tropical evergreen forests in the foothills which
abound with a large diversity of flora and fauna.
Forests have always been
intrinsically linked to the economy of the Nagas. They support and sustain jhumming,
especially in the fallow cycle by replenishing the fertility of the soil. The rural population
depends on forests for fuel wood, food, medicine and other non-timber forest produce.
With majority of the population dependent on agro forestry for livelihoods, increasing
population, and the aspirations of the state towards a faster developmental growth
trajectory with its concomitant requirement for greater exploitation of its natural resources,
the pressures on ecosystems and hence forests and environment, are enormous. Traditional
practices like jhumming, though sustainable in the past, when the population of the state
was low are contributing to the stress on ecosystems. Over the years, extensive
uncontrolled logging coupled with the practice of extensive jhumming have resulted in loss
of virgin primary forests the reservoir of species and genetic diversity, within which may be
hidden the answers to many of the problems facing the world today, thereby wiping out
vast resources comprising of valuable wild fruit trees, edible shrubs and herbs, medicinal
plants etc. and habitat loss for the diverse faunal population in the state. Other factors such
as increasing population along with a GDP based developmental strategy have further
accentuated this loss. Remedial measures have to be adopted for restoring degraded forests
through afforestation and reforestation in all degraded lands and at the same time
conserving existing forests with active participation of communities.
The result is an imbalance in the ecosystems and their continuous degradation. Of the total
forest cover of the state, only 6171 sq. km (37.22%) remain as very dense or dense forests,
with the remaining classified as open or degraded forests. The loss of forest cover in the
state for the period 2005-2007 has been put as 201 sq. kms by the State of Forest Report,
2009 published by the Forest Survey of India. This degradation of forests has far reaching
consequences and adversely affects the climate, hydrology with many water sources drying
up and agriculture productivity due to loss of soil fertility which in turn affects the livelihood
of a large section of the populace. Water is fast becoming a very scarce commodity in the
state. At present the state especially in urban settlement areas is gripped with scarcity of
water. Water, both quantitative and qualitative, is fast becoming a scarce commodity in
Nagaland. In addition to the general water scarcity experienced, as a result of degradation,
1
This richness is evident in the fact that there are more than 2,431 species of angiosperms (Flowering plants).
Gymnosperms (Non- flowering) also register their presence with 9 species, a large number of these plant
species being endemic to the State or the north-eastern part of India.
27
Jhum cultivation and other factors such as ownership, there is a of failure to manage water
and water sources in Nagaland. Natural water catchment areas have been disturbed owing
to both developmental as well as anthropogenic pressures. As such, perennial water bodies
are now fast becoming seasonal. With the grim spectre of climate change looming in the
horizon appropriate remedial strategies have to be put in place stem the loss of water
catchment areas.
One dimension of the challenge facing Nagaland may be summed as the need to adapt its
land use patterns and production systems for the increasing population pressures while
making them both environmentally and economically sustainable and compatible with local
socio-economic conditions
The earth is faced with the challenge of sustaining rapid development and growth while
dealing with the impending threat of climate change. Climate change may alter the
distribution and quality of the state’s natural resources and adversely affect the livelihood
of its people. With an economy closely tied to its natural resource base and climate sensitive
sectors such as agriculture, water and forestry, Nagaland may face a major threat because
of the projected changes in climate. Adaptation to and mitigation are the two accepted
strategies for combating climate change. The forestry sector is a cross cutting sector
wherein it plays both an adaptive as well as a mitigative role. This sector is also responsible
for the release of GHGs in the form of logging (when trees are harvested, trapped carbon is
released into the atmosphere) as well the natural process of respiration by trees wherein
carbon dioxide is released. However it has been found that the sequestration of carbon
(Indian forests act as sink for around 20 % of Global carbon emission) by far outweighs its
release (Indian forests contribute around 17.4% of the total global carbon emission) into the
atmosphere by forests. Climate projections available with us indicate the lowering of
agricultural productivity in the state due to climate variability. This would in turn lead to
added pressure on forests, as forests play the role of a safety net during distress. The long
term strategy to combat Climate Change would be by mainstreaming low-carbon growth
and development in critical sectors specially development sectors and also evolving sector
specific adaptation strategies, in line with the framework given in the National Action Plan
for Climate Change. Adaptation to, and mitigation of, the effects of climate change, require
inter-sectoral collaboration and greater stress on meeting the needs of the marginalized
sections of society, who are likely to be the most affected due to climate change and the
environmental degradation thereof. There is need for coherence between climate change
strategies at both the national and state levels. Unless addressed adequately, the
development gains by various sectors could be undone and may even be reversed by the
negative impacts of climate change.
The predominantly private/community ownership of natural resources and absence of
‘eminent domain’ rights of the state when coupled with traditional practices pose a
different set of challenges for land and forest management, from traditional forestry issues
and strategies keeping in view the ownership of resources in the state, to look at the much
wider canvas of management of natural resources and environmental planning, harnessing
28
the strengths of, and rising up to the challenges arising out of, the traditional individual and
community forestry ownership systems in the state. Greater emphasis on planning and
facilitation of communities and individuals for management of natural resources, including
forests and conserving biodiversity by using the existing structures of the Department such
as the State Forest Development Agency and the opportunities arising out of the National
Mission for a Green India has to become areas of core competency of the department.
It is therefore imperative to have an integrated, state specific approach for treating forests
and thus solve the interlinked problems of food security, livelihood options and
environmental degradation in order to address the issues of deterioration of forest cover
quality, depleting ground and surface water, loss of soil fertility due to erosion and
jhumming, climate change and ecological balance, biodiversity conservation while also
catering to the development requirements of the people of the state in a sustainable
manner.
11.NAGALAND BAMBOO DEVELOPMENT AGENCY VISION 2025
29
PREFACE
Bamboo is a tree like woody plant of the grass family. It is the strongest and
fastest growing woody plant with sizes ranging from miniatures to giant culms over 60
mtrs. It is one of the most beneficial, enduring and versatile natural resources on earth.
There are over a thousand traditional uses for bamboo- food, housing and
shelter, bridges, household articles, agricultural tools and implements, fishing
equipment, charcoal, musical instruments, toys, weapons, fencing, scaffolding, clothing
and textiles and so on. Beside these myriad traditional uses, bamboo has also found
many new applications. It is utilized today as a structural material, a wood substitute,
fuel, filtration medium, acoustics and even medicines. Besides these industries,
traditional bamboo handicrafts constitute a large, economically important area that can
be improved, diversified and industrialized. Other main stream micro and small
enterprise products that rival wood products with strong backward linkages and
benefits are possible. There is considerable potential to set up medium and large scale
industries for generating value added food and wood substitute products. Bamboo has a
very strong relationship with the rural community, allowing them to partake in a larger
proportion of value addition compared with other industrial products and processes.
The ability of bamboo to stitch and repair the degraded soil conserves soil and
soil moisture. An average bamboo clump has the potential to bind over 6 tonnes of soil.
It converts pollutants into plant nutrients. Sequestration of carbon makes it a natural
environment cleansing system, which more than matches its value as an economic
resource.
Eradication of poverty and preservation and enrichment of the environment is
central to development efforts. In this context, bamboo with its multiple beneficial
effects on the environment and the potential as economic resources offers itself as one
of the natural choices.
The Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency shall focus to tap the latent
potential that bamboo has for contributing to the economic growth, upliftment of the
poor, generating employment and ecological well being of the State.
INTRODUCTION:
Nagaland, the sixteenth state of Indian union is located in the North-East of India.
It Lies at 25º 6’ and 27 º 4’ Latitude North of Equator and between the Longitudinal
lines of 93 º 20’ and 95, the state is bounded by Assam in the North and the West by
Mynamar and Arunachal Pradesh in the East and by Manipur in the south.
The Geographical area of the state is 16,579sq.km. Altitudes range between 200 meters
and 3000 meters above mean sea level, with an average rainfall of 2000 millimeters.
The population of the state is 19, 88,636 (2001 census), the density of population is 120
persons sq km. The literacy rate is 67.03% (male 56.33% and 43.67%).The most
important activity is agriculture, which involves 73% of the work force.
The populace of the state is largely dependent on forest for fuel-wood, fodder,
small timber, timber, medicinal and other Non-timber forest produces. Out of
Nagaland’s total area of 16, 57,583 hectare, forest occupies an area of 8, 62,930 which
work out to 52% of the total area. In the view of the unique land ownership system in
the state, 88.3% of the forests are Community or privately owned.
30
Bamboo is an important resource in the socio-economic-ecological-climaticfunctional context for Nagaland and the State has now taken a step in the initiative to
harness the potential of bamboo and its benefits. The State announced its bamboo
policy on 15th March 2004 and with it the Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency
(NBDA) established to undertake the programmes and activities of bamboo with the
objective to foster in ecological security and economic growth through development
and utilization of the bamboo resources.
The development of bamboo in Nagaland is envisaged to be taken up from two
perspectives, Resource development and Enterprise development. Augmenting
existing resources through scientifically managed plantations and regeneration are
areas where the agency is focusing on to develop bamboo resources. Technology
sourcing and dissemination, capacity building and skill up gradation, infrastructural
developments and marketing initiatives are the some areas of focus for enterprise
development. The implementation of the development activities are envisaged to be
taken up in a mission mode through the active support of the Central Government of
India, the State Government and also institutions both from within the country and
aboard.
Bamboo is found extensively all over Nagaland. It is found in pure patches as well
as mixed with deciduous and evergreen tree species. The growing stock of bamboo has
been estimated to be around 8.96 million hectares/90 million tons in the country, out of
which about 5% of the growing stock is assessed to be available in Nagaland. About 46
different bamboo species are known to occur in the State at present. It is evident from
the figures given above that there is vast potential for utilization and development of
bamboo resources in the state.
11.1BAMBOO DEVELOPMENT VISION 2025 APPROACH:
The focus areas of bamboo development in the State are envisaged to be taken
up in three phases. In the 1st phase or inception phase i.e. from 2007 to 2012, the focus
shall be on augmenting existing resources, commoditization of bamboo with trust to
existing industries and other immediately viable industries based on the available
bamboo raw materials, building up infrastructures and institutional frame works. The
2nd phase or growth phase i.e. 2013 to 2017 would encompass trust to newer
applications and augmenting the developments of the 1st phase. The 3rd phase or
consolidating phase i.e. 2018 to 2020. The 4th phase will be for target of maximum
generation of revenue from the resource, both natural and captive. During this phase
with the considerable increase in demand for raw bamboo, further new plantations will
be carried out anticipating a flourishing bamboo industry i.e. 2020 to 2025.
11.2 FIRST PHASE 2007-2012:
Augmenting existing resources:
Bamboo is a natural resource that is abundantly available in the state. It is
estimated that about 5% of the national bamboo resource is available in the State.
Despite of the availability of large resource of bamboo with diverse germplasm, there is
likely to be raw material availability constrains due to knowledge gap related to the raw
material and accessibility problem. In the intended application specific area, adequate
and consistent supply of quality raw material at reasonable cost is required for the
development of value added application and enterprise. Augmenting existing resources
of commercially viable bamboo species through scientifically managed plantations and
regeneration shall therefore be a focus area of activity in the 1st phase.
31
Commoditization of bamboo:
The uniqueness of the bamboo sector as well as its strength is in the involvement
of the community and the utilization of the capabilities of the community towards
primary processing of bamboo. Cluster based series of primary processing units with
trust to existing industries shall be set up in the rural areas. Bamboo
sticks/strips/stats/slivers, bamboo mats, bamboo charcoal, bamboo shoot etc are some
products of primary units. Establishment of other small and micro bamboo enterprise
such as Venation blinds, Incense sticks, toothpicks, charcoal briquettes, furniture,
bamboo structural applications, conversion of plywood industries to bamboo ply-board
industries and industrialization of handicrafts sector shall also be other areas of
priority.
11.3 Establishment of institutional frame works and infrastructures base:
Institutional frame works both in the government and the private sector needs to
be worked and build. The setting up of institutions that would interconnect the various
technical, research and financial institutions with endorsement from the existing
institutions. Development of institutional capacities, Institutional mechanisms like
formalizing the supply chain through contractual systems need to be put in place to
enable the development of bamboo sector. Establishment of infrastructures such as
roads, CFCs, bamboo resource centers, bamboo mini estates, bamboo mandis etc which
are pre requisites to facilitate the growth of the bamboo sector shall be made.
11.4 SECOND PHASE 2013-2017:
Trust to new application of bamboo:
This phase shall emphasis on the higher end new generation bamboo products
through the establishment of secondary line of bamboo processing units that shall
augment the growth of bamboo enterprise in the State.
Augmenting the developments of the 1st phase:
The growth and development of bamboo has to be sustained and therefore the
activities taken up in the 1st phase would require to be augmented as and where
required even in the 2nd phase.
11.5 THIRD PHASE 2018-2020:
Consolidating the developments:
By the end of the 2nd phase it is envisaged that the development and growth of
bamboo enterprise in the State is substantially established. The focus therefore would
be for product branding, marketing and profitability to consolidate the development.
11.6 FOURTH PHASE 2020-2025:
With substantial wealth in bamboo around the State, the Agency will look at
utilizing the vast biomass available through the success of its resource development
initiative. The practical methods to tap the huge bamboo resource are to convert
bamboo to Ethanol for production of bio-fuel on a major scale, which will require
considerable tonnage of bamboo. Secondly, the Agency will promote bamboo tourism
through the application of various ways and means, whereby bamboo will be
extensively used as a building material, as food, as novelty items and for aesthetics and
landscaping.
11.7 Bamboo for bio-ethanol:
32
The scope to produce bio-ethanol from bamboo has been potentially viewed by
the petro chemical companies as a viable prospect. This will result in the utilization of
huge quantum of bamboo on a daily basis. As per Central Government directives, it is
mandatory for petro chemical companies to blend 5 % of ethanol in petrol, as a result of
which the demand for ethanol has increased. Therefore, the NBDA hopes to capitalize
on this requirement through maximum utilization of the available bamboo resource.
This aspect will require collaborating with Petro chemical companies and working out
suitable modalities. The total requirement of bamboo for a refinery has been projected
as approx. 500000 Tons per annum, where the State can also be a substantial shareholder.
11.8 Scope for sustainable revenue generation for the State:
Supposed the requirement of bamboo is 2 Lakhs Metric tonnes per annum for
Bio-Ethanol production by a Petro-chemcial company, the Agency hopes to generate Rs.
60 Lakhs per annum for the State, assuming we derive Rs.3000 per tonne (i.e. 1% of the
total revenue). Moreover, semi-processing units will be set up in the State which will
generate employment for both skilled and unskilled personnel.
11.9 Bamboo tourism:
Bamboo is a tree like woody grass with some 1250 species in 75 genera with size
ranging from miniature to giant culms over 60 metre and is the world’s fastest growing
plant capable of providing ecological, economic and livelihood security to the people.
India is home to the second largest bamboo resources in the world next only to China
with 136 species in 10 genera. Bamboo is found extensively all over Nagaland. It occurs
as a pre-dominant Plant in some portions of the State, while it is readily found mixed
with other forest species in other parts of the state. The growing stock of bamboo been
estimated to be around 8.96 million hectares in the country, out of which about 5% of
the growing stock, consisting of 46 species, is assessed to be available in Nagaland.
11.10 SCOPE OF BAMBOO TOURISM IN NAGALAND:
With the ever increasing popularity in Ecotourism which depends solely on the
natural resources of a place, bamboo is viewed as a prospective avenue to boost the
tourism industry and has significant practical value in a developing country like India
where the needs of impoverished communities may conflict directly with the need to
capitalise on the growing tourism industry, even more so in a state like Nagaland.
Blessed with its rich natural beauty and resources, especially Bamboo, coupled with the
people’s inherent hospitable nature, Nagaland has the potential of becoming a hotspot
destination of choice to promote Eco-tourism and its attributes. The vast Bamboo
plantation across the state has added remarkable aesthetic value to the land with its
evergreen dominance the year-round. Bamboo with its environmental friendly
attributes has created much excitement in the global initiatives dealing with
environmental issues. Hence, Nagaland with its rich Bamboo wealth can easily play host
to conglomerations in addressing these issues.
It is noteworthy that Nagaland is naturally blessed with abundant resources of bamboo
coupled with suitable agro climatic conditions for propagation of bamboo on large scale.
The success in propagation of Bamboo plantations in the state has been far stretched
owing to the intensive resource development initiative of the Nagaland Bamboo
Development Agency, besides the indigenous plantation skills of the local farmers.
The State has many locations with well maintained Bamboo plantations in all its 11
(Eleven) districts. These can serve as favourable venues for establishing Tourist
Resorts/ centres to promote eco-tourism. Most favourably, Bamboo Resorts can be set
33
up, using the finer aesthetic elements of Bamboo and other locally available resources to
fulfil the eco-friendly aspiration of the project.
The Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency through its various activities and
initiatives have been able to capture the imagination of people, which is evident in the
number of people pouring into the Nagaland Bamboo Resource Centre at Dimapur
looking for information on bamboo and its products.
The annual ‘Hornbill Bamboo Carnival’ which is organized every year by the Nagaland
Bamboo Development Agency during the month of December is already a big draw for
tourists and bamboo lovers from across the country.
11.11 The proposed project for promotion of Bamboo tourism shall encompass
the following components as activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Bamboo resorts.
Bamboo cottages/cabins
Bamboo hostels
Bamboo amenity hubs
Bamboo bus stops/ waiting sheds
Bamboo sale depots
Bamboo gardens
Other forms of applications of bamboo.
11.12 BAMBOO DEVELOPMENT 2025 ECONOMIC RIDERS:
BAMBOO RESOURCE:
It is estimated that 5% of the 90 million tons existing bamboo resources valued
at Rs 5000 crores @ Rs 555.56 per ton in the country is available in the State. This
correspondingly works out to 4.5 million tons/Rs 250 crores worth of present bamboo
stock in the State. Even a two fold increase in value addition would mean Rs 500 crores
worth of bamboo economy in the State at the present.
The agency targets to take up scientifically managed plantation in 50,000
hectares during the 11th five year plan and another 50,000 hectares by the 12th five year
plan. About 10.00 lakh tons of quality bamboo raw material from the new plantations is
therefore envisaged to be available for value addition by the end of the 12th five year
plan.
Out of the 10 lakh tons of bamboo raw material envisaged to be available with the
culmination of the plantation programme in the two plan period, 3.5 lakh tons would be
utilized by Tuli paper mill leaving out 4.5 tons for processing other bamboo value added
products and 2 Lakh Tonnes for production of Bio-Ethanol.
The total bamboo economy anticipated to be generated from the resource
development and the subsequent value addition is estimated at Rs 5000 crores.
11.13 BAMBOO ENTERPRISE:
About 1250 bamboo primary processing units with an investment of Rs 2500.00
lakh @ Rs 2.00 lakh each and and 50 units of secondary units with an investment of Rs
3750.00 lakh @ of Rs 75.00 lakh per unit are envisaged to be set up by 2017. Total
investment in bamboo enterprise is envisaged to be in the tune of Rs 6250 lakh.
An overall rate of return of 15-25% of the net worth is likely to accrue from the
investment.
11.14 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION:
34
Employment opportunity in the bamboo sector is anticipated to be generated
from the primary and secondary processing sectors, harvesting of bamboos and in
support activities like training, transport, marketing and communication through
tertiary sector. Anticipated employment generation from the development of bamboo
sector by 2025 is tabled under.
S. NO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
AREA OF ACTIVITY
EMPLOYMENT
Plantation and harvesting
200000 nos
Primary processing
12500 nos
Secondary processing
2500 nos
Support activities
30000 nos
Semi processing of bamboo for bio-ethanol 200 nos
production.
Bamboo tourism
1000 nos.
Total
246200 nos
The Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency, since its establishment has initiated and
implemented number of bamboo developmental programmes in the State under the State
Plan resources as well as with the support of the National Bamboo Mission and other
agencies and organizations.
This report is compiled with the aim to retrospect on the activities and achievements of the
Agency as on date and evaluate the performance of the agency via-a-vis the achievement of
the programmes/schemes objectives, analyze the shortcomings and constrains if any and
formulate reasoned further course of actions with tangible targets.
The report incorporates gist of all the activities undertaken by the agency, a SWOT analysis,
potential areas of development and interventions required from the Agency/Government
and the future course of actions with a perspective of both short term and long term goals.
This exercise was initiated to give further impetus to the development of bamboo as a
sustainable source of livelihood, income and employment for the people of the State as
envisaged in the State Bamboo Policy.
12.REPORT ON BEEKEEPING TOWARDS VISION 2025
INTRODUCTION
Nagaland is an abode of myriad plant species and has a unique distinction of being
one of the botanical hot spot regions of India. About 80% of the total area is cradled with
rich array of biodiversity from natural endowment of forests, orchards and wide ranging
field crops. With the availability of copious perpetual flowering plant which flourish through
the length and breadth of the state provides the variety of bee species to establish a unique
ecological niche for themselves.
The honeybee species such as Rock bees (Apis
dorsata) that thrives in the apparently critical natural
35
resting place of dense forest and steep escarpments, to the Little bees (Apis florea) that nest
in the wild with plumpy honey crest on the twigs of trees & shurbs, to the Asian honey bee
(Apis cerana) that set up their common habitat in the midst of friendly Naga homes, to the
Stingless bees (Trigona
Pic: Rockbee honey harvesting at Kiphire
species) that dwells in the wild as well as
reared simple boxes, tree trunks and logs, crevices, bamboos, underground chambers etc, is
a common sight in the many hamlets of the state.
A visit to any Naga village is a leap to
guide in encountering and sightings of an assorted collection of bee hives of different shape
and sizes.
12.1 BEEKEEPING SCENARIO IN NAGALAND
Beekeeping in Nagaland is presently characterised by low level technology, limited
investment, low productivity, low quality and lack of market initiative. Bees and bee keeping
is not new to Nagas and is an age old tradition. It is roughly estimated that
there are about 1, 20,000 bee colonies reared in the
traditional method reared in simple boxes, tree trunk and
logs, crevices, bamboos, underground chambers etc. out of
which 80,000 is Apis cerana (Asian honey bee) and 40,000
is Trigona/Melipona species (Stingless bees). There are also
Pic: Traditional bee hive around the house
about 30,000 colonies of Apis dorsata/laboriosa (Giant bee) found in the wild in the state.
The present production of honey produce in the state is estimated at about 400 MT
annually, which is mainly for domestic consumption.
Bee keeping as profession has also been gaining tremendous momentum in recent
times in Nagaland. Changing the mindset of the people to minimise Jhumming for apiculture
and other eco friendly agricultural activities, is in fact gaining ground. With the wealth of
knowledge on nature, the people had been in acquaintance with over many generations,
the farmers are readily able to ably the principle of beekeeping to the climate and
vegetation around them. This way apiculture can provide a comfortable living, provided the
farmers work their way to become self reliant and professional producers.
12.2 NBHM INITIATIVES & INTERVENTION ON BEEKEEPING IN NAGALAND
36
The State Government’s realisation of the vast potential of beekeeping ,which needs
to be tapped for generating income in uplifting the rural economy, thereby launched a state
mission “NAGALAND BEEKEEPING & HONEY MISSION” in the year 2007 to exclusively
promote and develop beekeeping into a robust industry. Since its formation, various
promotional activities such as capacity building &
trainings; Publicity, extention & studies; Apiary
development & technology advancement; Post
harvest & marketing services are being carried out
across the State. All activities have been
implementing on a war footing, keeping in mind
on the environmental, economic and social
Pic: Apiary developed under passion fruit cultivation objectives laid down by the mission.
Some of the remarkable impact/output created by the mission’s initiatives since its
inception is given as under:
12.3 Understanding the value of Bees, beekeeping & honey.
 Sensitized the populace on the importance of bees, beekeeping and honey and it’s by
products. Approximately 50,000 people at village, block, and district level were being
covered through this awareness campaign.
 Remarkable increased in numbers of beekeepers in the state.
 Conserving of rich bio diversity associated with large bee foraging area through the role
of bee pollinating service.
 Increased in the level of honey consumption in the state as essential food item in daily
diet from 63gm to 210 gm per capita per annum.
 Notable boost in crop production through bee-pollination.
 Documented and preserved the existing traditional art of rearing bees, honey hunting
and rich culture associated with beekeeping.
 In cooperating Beekeeping course in schools and college curriculum.
12.4
Up gradation of skill and knowledge on Scientific beekeeping
 15,375 Beekeepers trained professionally from traditional to scientific beekeeping.
 25% increase in population of bee colonies in the state.
 Honey production increased from 120 MT to 400 MT.
 Created centre for Quality control of honey(AKMARK &
Organic certification) in the state.
37
 Organized entrepreneurial development.
 Introduced advanced technology for conservation and
Pic: Training the beekeepers
hunting techniques of rockbee in the state.
12.5
Improvement of village Institution for beekeeping.
 Formed 299 Village Beekeeping Committee (VBKC) in all the intervened villages for
overall promotion and development of beekeeping & honey and also serve as a
Legal custodian for operation & maintenance of the infrastructures created in the village.
 Organized centre for honey collection /auction point 21 Common facility centre in the
villages as honey marketing outlet.
12.6
Improving the standard of living of rural poor communities.
 Farmers generating additional income at a minimum of Rs. 20,000/- annually through
beekeeping.
 Created diversified
through
bee
employment
multiplication
avenues
programme,
manufacturing of bee boxes & equipments and
honey trade.
Pic: Local Entrepreneurs selling honey –by
products.
 Promotion on ‘Bee watch tourism’ (different traditional method of bee rearing &
Rockbee honey harvesting in Nagaland).
12.7 ROADMAP ON BEEKEEPING TOWARDS VISION 2025
Nagaland being an agriculture state with 71% of the population directly or indirectly
depends on; there is a scope for convenience and encouragement in adopting beekeeping in
the rural farming areas where bees increases the crop
production & productivity through
bee- pollinating
service. Moreover, Apiculture industry has a great
potential for income generation and employment
generation especially in the rural areas practicing
integrated agriculture. Beekeeping with the other Agri
Pic: Bee – pollinating service in the orchard field.
and allied sector can be one of the
strategies accorded high priority to diversify the farm sub-sector with the objective of
increasing crop production and creating more employment opportunities, incomes and
hence, alleviating poverty.
38
Keeping in view of the above visions and objectives, NBHM has set the following
target to be achieved by year 2025:1. Entire Naga population to be sensitized on the importance of bees, beekeeping and
Honey.
2. At least 150 extension functionaries to be professionally trained.
3. 50,000 beekeepers to be trained professionally on modern beekeeping.
4. 300000 new bee colonies to be developed on scientific line.
5. 20 units of Nucleus stock multiplication centre to be established.
6. 10 units of small and medium sized honey processing plants to be established.
7. 100 common facilities centre for honey
collection, storage, processing & packaging
to be established.
Pic: Centre for Quality control of Honey at
Dimapur.
8. To produce 1500 MT of honey and 5 MT of bees wax annually by year 2025.
Generate income of Rs. 60.00 crores annually from sales of honey and wax.
9. Profitably generate at least 5,000 direct and 20,000 indirect employment through
beekeeping and honey enterprise.
13. Nagaland Bio Resource Mission – Activity & Vision
The State of Nagaland is one of the biodiversity hotspot in the Indo-Burma Region
representing a complex variety of habitats, ecosystem and ethno-biocultures. The region has rich
ethno-biodiversity, agro-ecosystem and high endemism. For decades, Nagas have been closely
intertwined with nature and its resources which have played a crucial role in conserving the bio
resources for their livelihood requirements besides having strong cultural, spiritual and aesthetic
affiliations. This has led to accumulation of time tested knowledge on conservation and
sustainable utilization of our biological resources.
The primary vegetation in extensive areas of Nagaland has been disturbed and modified
by forest fires, frequent landslides, soil erosion and largely by the activity of man; either for
development or daily sustenance. This is exerting heavy pressure on the vast resources of flora
and fauna in the state. Besides, with the growing demand for medicinal and aromatic plants
(MAPs), biopiracy is very much real in the state putting a heavy strain on the existing resources
causing a number of species to be either threatened or endangered.
39
Realizing that the loss of biodiversity is detrimental to the life supporting environment
and the presence of immense opportunity for the stakeholders to balance conservation and
development which will reflect the sustainable use of its resources and ensure livelihood,
Nagaland Bio Resource Mission has been adopting a sustainable integrated approach to achieve
this balance for the last few years.
Out of the estimated 3.04 lakh ha. cropped area and 58,000 ha. of cultivable wasteland,
the state has the potential to cover atleast 20,000 ha area under MAPs cultivation which are
commercially viable. Since 2008, the Mission has been popularizing the cultivation of MAPs in
jhum fields and wastelands and has covered around 3100 ha area till 2014. Based on the agroclimatic conditions, the Mission has identified some MAPs for commercial cultivation such as
Aquilaria agallocha, Valeriana wallichii, Paris polyphylla, Parkia roxburghii, Mucuna pruriens, Ocimum
sanctum, Hodgsonia heteroclite, Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum, Embilica officianalis, Rhus semialata and
Homalomena aromatica.
The Mission is also focusing on domesticating some edible insects and non-conventional
edible aquatic resources like frogs and snails. Rearing of frogs and crickets is under trial whereas
snail farming in TRC fields on commercial scale has already been initiated.
13.2 NBRM’s Activity:

Identified and documented 650 plants found in Nagaland and published in a book form
entitled ‘Plant Resources of Nagaland’

In situ and Ex situ conservation of both flora and fauna with special focus on threatened
and endangered species

Human Resource Development through awareness programmes and trainings

Promotion of MAPs on commercial scale

R & D of edible insects and aquatic resources

Established a microbiological laboratory for developing agar forming fungus

Established an agar & essential oil distillation factory as a joint venture with HSMM
Group, Lao PDR

Promotion of SHGs and local entrepreneurs through post-harvest value addition like
processing and packaging. Some of the products that have found their space on the
market shelves are herbal tea, homemade herbal soaps, aloe vera based soaps &
detergents, powdered zanthoxylum seed husks and nut gall.
Impact:

Ecological restoration through cultivating medicinal and aromatic plants in abandoned
Jhum fields, degraded land and in tree plantation areas
40

Conservation of few threatened medicinal & aromatic plants like Paris polyphylla, Aquilaria
agallocha and Swertia chirata

Conservation of indigenous snail species (Lymnaea sp.) by encouraging snail farming in
TRC fields at a commercial scale

Empowered womenfolk by generating employment

Higher returns through cultivating high value low volume MAPs and adopting as
intercrop in Jhum fields.
13.3 Road Map to 2025:
* Documentation of Mushrooms, Insect resources & Traditional Knowledge on MAPs
* Establishment of herbal gardens which will serve as a gene bank.
* Micro propagation of MAPs for disease-free quality planting materials
* Bring atleast 10,000 ha. of area under MAPs cultivation which are economically viable
* Establishment of value chain for MAPs
* Organic certification of 5000 ha area
* Develop non-conventional insect & aquatic resources into an enterprise.
14. Nagaland Empowerment of People through Energy Development (NEPeD)
Hydroger Initiatives in Nagaland
Shedding light for Rural Economic Development
Introduction:
Energy plays a key role cutting across sectors and impacting various aspects of
development. Different aspects of development social, economic, environment, access to
water, health, education, gender, agricultural productivity and livelihoods are directly or
indirectly impacted by the energy sector. It is also important for this energy to be
sustainable, renewable and environment friendly. There is also a shifting paradigm where
communities and people are being empowered by allowing them to choose how they wish
to develop their resources. The Government here plays the role of a facilitator in
comparison to the traditional role of being a provider. Such initiatives help communities
build greater resilience to negative changes, helps them withstand the onslaught of global
market forces and most important of all, allows them to ensure an assured standard of
quality life.
The previous phases of the Nagaland Empowerment of People through Economic
Development (NEPED), with a focus on livelihoods and the environment, highlighted the
need for energy as an essential requirement for adding value to farm produce. Thus,
“Nagaland Empowerment of People through Energy Development” (NEPeD) was
established as a specialized institution dedicated to providing renewable energy.
14.2 NEPeD and Sustainable livelihood:
There are many villages in Nagaland which have access to small rivers and streams. These
rivers have the potential to develop small hydro power. NEPeD’s mission, therefore is to set
up stand-alone micro/pico-hydro power generation systems in these villages, providing
them with sufficient energy to enhance quality of life through sustainable livelihoods.
NEPeD intends to educate and empower people to help maintain bio-diversity and vital
ecosystem services and simultaneously ensure equitable access to adequate energy supply.
Clean and Green Energy through NEPeD’s efforts, however small, could contribute to the
41
mitigation of global climate change concerns in the Eastern Himalayan region as it decouples the dependence on traditional fossil fuels.
14.3 The Hydroger solution:
Amalgamating the terms “Hydro and Generator”, NEPeD coined the term “Hydroger”. The
Hydroger system is unique in its simplicity. The mechanism comprises of cylindrical cast iron
housing and an alternator which is connected to the turbine through the shaft.
The hydraulic head of the stream or river is used to turn the turbine and this generates
electricity. There are mainly two basic types of turbines used in the Hydroger systems:
 Impulse turbine- For high head low flow volumes- where power is produced
entirely from the momentum of water hitting the turbine runners and creating
a direct push or impulse on the blades

Reaction turbine- For low head and high flow volume sites- Instead of a
direct push the turbine blades turn in reaction to the pressure of the water
falling on them
The most interesting aspect about Hydroger
Systems is that they are not imported from
elsewhere
but
are
indigenously
manufactured in Nagaland itself. NEPeD, in
collaboration with the Nagaland Tool- room
and
Training
Centre
(NTTC),
Dimapur,
ventured into the indigenization of the
3kW Impulse Hydroger
Hydroger system and has been successfully
tested and certified at the Alternate Hydro Energy Centre (AHEC) at Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee.
The Centre of Excellence for Renewable
Energy Studies (CERES) has been setup at
the Industrial Estate Dimapur, Nagaland. It is at
this facility that
3kW
“Impulse” Hydroger
machines are being manufactured. Research &
Development on the 5kW (Both Impulse and
Reaction) machines as well as on the Electronic
Load
Controller
(ELC)
compatible
to
machines are going on.
42
the
Technicians at work at CERES
Today, NEPeD continues its mission to make electricity available to beneficiaries at
feasible sites with greater zeal by installing “Made in Nagaland” Hydrogers. The
efficiency of these machines coupled with the unique locally manufactured ELCs has
proved to be a boon to the beneficiaries of the NEPeD projects.
14.4 Impact:
NEPeD has so far installed hydrogers at 31
sites/villages in Nagaland, 2 in Meghalaya and
1 each in Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. The
low cost, light weight, easy to operate (even by
the villagers) and versatile utility of the
Hydroger systems have allowed widespread
adoption of such systems among rural folks.
Hydroger being transported to the installation site
There are many dimensions to this Hydroger project. Not only does it help address
basic power needs of people living in the villages but it has impacts in the
environment, social and economic sectors. NEPeD ensures that communities where
Hydroger
are
installed
undergo
capacity
building where, apart from training “Rural
Engineers” from the villages for running and
maintaining
the
machines,
issues
of
conservation and environment are also deeply
ingrained as part of this training. Each project
site is also capacitated and facilitated to evolve
its own revenue model. Gender sensitisation
View of an installed site
also plays an important segment in the pre and
post installation process.
The demand of hydroger is ever increasing
from within the State as well as from the
neighbouring States. Setting up of Hydroger
projects have been done following a model
which is holistic, integrated and can be
replicated in other areas as well.
A Rural Engineer in action
43
14.5 Way Forward:
The Hydroger project has successfully evolved
into
a
model
for
sustainable
electricity
generation in the rural areas which is managed
by grassroots groups. Such initiatives are
adding values to people’s lives, improving their
quality of life, improving their livelihoods,
creating unprecedented awareness, community
participation and most importantly is developing
A “hydrogered” village bordering Myanmar
governance units at a decentralized level. The benefits have also been appraised by
neighbouring States who want the same model to be replicated in their home states
and there has also been commercial interest which has been expressed.
For such a model to survive in the long term there has to be focus on sustainability
and continuity of efforts. A cadre of professionals at the rural site level is important to
ensure the longevity of the project. The development of such Rural Engineers or
barefoot engineers is key for not only maintaining operational sites but will also play
a critical role in the upscaling of the Hydroger projects in the future. The cadre of
Rural Engineers so trained will facilitate future site selections, maintenance, and
installation of higher capacity modules. If all these activities are continued as part of
the project then it also becomes a source of employment for technical people at the
grassroots level.
15. Successful programmes, innovations and technologies for
sustainable agriculture (NEPED)
15.1 THE FIRST PHASE:
In the first phase, the premise was two-fold:
Acceptance of the fact, that Jhum cannot be stopped or eradicated completely
Jhum could be made sustainable if measures are taken to address food security by way of
enabling farmers to earn income.
The strategy was simple and straightforward. Since the jhum farmer was already planting a
diverse portfolio of annual crops, why not ask them plant another perennial crop - TREES.
15.2 Some salient features of first phase:
•
NEPED adopted participatory methodologies in planning, designing and
implementation by constantly validating with farmers.
•
1794 farmers’ Test Plots (and not demo plots) were established in 854 villages (out of
44
•
•
•
•
1010 villages) all over Nagaland, covering about 5500 hectares of land. Over 7 million
trees were planted in the first phase.
Survey conducted by an external evaluator in 1999 has recorded that replication of
the NEPED intervention was at a ratio of 1:6 (about 33,000 ha.). This figure is likely
to be much higher now.
The Government of Nagaland declared 1999 as “The year of tree plantation” and
about 2.5 crores was spent in plantation of indigenous species all over Nagaland,
an activity closely coordinated by NEPED staff and the district administration.
As a result of concerted sensitization exercise in the villages and also the
empowerment and leadership training imparted to 213 women from 123 villages,
the village councils allotted 93 test plots to women
The POU has authored more than 25 briefing papers for mass dissemination,
including international journals. It has also authored a 300-page book “Building upon
traditional agriculture in Nagaland, India”, a work that has earned accolades all over
as a reference book.
“Since efforts at containment, management and gradual reduction of shifting cultivation will
have to continue for quite some time and possibility of its elimination in near future is
rather remote, the strategy adopted by NEPED project in Nagaland for improvement of the
practice may perhaps be more appropriate”.
Dr. J.K. Rawat and D.P. Bankhwal - “Forest Policy and Legal Framework in Himachal Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and North Eastern region of India”. Dehra Dun April 2000
15.3 THE SECOND PHASE (MICRO CREDIT):
The second phase is focused on 105 villages equitably spread across all districts of
the state.
The project strategy focuses on the Village Councils (VCs) and Village Development Boards
(VDBs) as the mechanism of delivery. NEPED capacitated these institutions for village level
interventions, instead of merely using them as entry points into local communities. Capacity
is being enhanced in VCs/ VDBs in order for them to:
• Function as grassroots level micro credit institutions facilitating investment in
production.
• Utilize the seed money (corpus fund) as micro credit support to provide low-interest
loans to farmers for incorporating fallow cash crops into jhum cycles.
• Provide, support to farmers for processing and marketing of these cash crops.
• Shift from external subsidy-reliant approaches to self-reliant credit based approaches.
The VDBs have a pivotal role to play in project operations ranging from:
i.
Operating the credit mechanism,
ii.
Assessing the credit need of the participating farmers,
iii.
Deciding upon the modalities of disbursing the credit,
iv.
Ensuring and monitoring the repayment of the loans, and
v.
Revolving the credit to the expanding numbers of the villagers seeking credit
support.
15.4 Project Outcomes:
•
•
Micro business plans are formulated with each loanee to ensure that loaned amount
commensurate with his/ her requirement and a viable repayment schedule is also
worked out.
Review of the first year of the credit mechanism indicates that repayment rates were
45
•
•
•
•
•
high and earlier than anticipated.
For the first time, women are being allowed access to land, either by purchase or
long-term lease. Modalities vary from tribe to tribe, but with a very definitive tilt in
benefit sharing in favour of the women who are organizing themselves in small
formal groups to undertake development activities.
The department of Rural Development has issued a notification to the effect that
women in “NEPED villages” may utilize their share of the grant-in-aid funds to
purchase land. Altogether 18 women SHGs have purchased land under this provision.
Farmers are organizing themselves into formal groups called APMCs (Agriculture
Produce Marketing Committee) for creating marketable surplus and accessing
markets. In some villages, other farmers are also taking to cash crop plantation
without availing loans, thereby creating a “crop zone”.
Cardamom covers approximately half of the total area put under perennial crops by
the project. Cardamom farmers are now confronted with the problem of ‘Curing’ the
raw material on harvest. Accordingly, the project has procured four units of ‘UpDraft-Gasifiers’ developed by ‘Tata Energy Research Institute’ (TERI) for curing; the
same is being put on trial. The project foresees that cardamom shall become a major
exportable item in the near future.
Processing and storage units and other forms of value addition set up.
15.5 THE THIRD PHASE (LIVELIHOODS)
As an alternative to shifting cultivation, NEPED has implemented a project entitled
‘enhancing livelihood through community based piggery’ in 4 districts of Nagaland covering
120 villages. Through this project, 1300 resource poor farmers were benefited. The main
objective of the project is to produce piglets for fattening and breeding purpose through
‘Breeder’s Family Concept’, where each project village becomes a mini pig breeding farm.
The main interventions of the project are:
 Design and construct low cost scientific pig sty
 Purchase and supply of improved breeding stock
 Develop and introduce improved feeds and feeding practices
 Control and prevention of Classical Swine Fever
A prototype of fodder grinder designed by NEPED and coined as ‘Foddorizer’ is fabricated
and manufactured by Nagaland Tool Room & Training Centre, Dimapur. This motorized
fodder grinder can chop/grind 4-5 metric tonne of green forage in a day an equivalent of 10
man days if done manually.
In Nagaland about 12 million trees is fell each year for cooking pig feed. The term
‘Ensilaging’ is described as a controlled microbial fermentation of green fodder. In ensilaging,
firewood is not required hence the end product is safe and environment friendly. NEPED is
promoting the use sweet potato based ensilage feed for pig where wild forages can be
incorporated. This simple and farmer’s friendly technology reduces feed cost by one-third,
rural womenfolk can saves 2 productive hours daily, which is spend in cooking pig feed, saves
forest destruction and an additional net profit of 5000-6000/- per pig as a result of zero
firewood use.
15.6 Project output:
Piglet farrowed
Piglet propagated
Dimapur
4193
8235
Kohima
3405
10314
46
Wokha
1588
6086
Mokokchung Total
1669
10855
7789
32424
Piglet produced
12428
13719
7674
9458
43279
15.7 Visible impact of the project:
Determinants
Baseline Survey (2010)
Project feedback (2014)
Litter size at weaning
6.4
7.2
Incidence of CSF in project villages
35%
Nil
Constraint to pig disease
management- lack of service
48%
30%
Pig insurance
Nil
5%
Income through pig rearing
Rs. 5,800
Rs. 16,000
16. Constrains
A. Transportation Bottlenecks.
1. Realistic Air-freight Facilities of NE.
In order to address the marketing issues of the state in respect of highly perishable
agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables and flowers in the state there is a need to
export the available existing products to various metropolis in the country by the fastest
means, i.e. by air. However the airfreight charges are too high for most on the NE states, as
the charges are based on per sector. For example flowers to be flown to from Dimapur to
Delhi is charged Rs. 38/ per kg, for DMP- KOL sector, and another Rs. 70/ per kg for KOL-DEL
sector. So a farmer pays Rs. 108/ per kg for sending goods to Delhi from Dimapur. Whereas
for Bangalore-Delhi sector, it only cost Rs. 60-70 per kg.
GOI should consider having a special/reduced rate for air- lifting of highly
perishable horticultural products from the NE to metropolis, not based on number of
sectors. This will greatly encourage the marketing of products from the region.
Provision of Cold-room containers/ facilities for Railways.
To support the marketing of less perishable agricultural goods, a refrigerated/cold room
containers be considered from Dimapur station.
Other Issues.
The NHB schemes maybe made more NE friendly for small holding farmers. As most of the
schemes of NHB cannot be availed by the NE farmers as the project cost and area coverage
are far too large.
Marketing outlets of the exiting organic products of the state.
Many of the agricultural produces of the state, particularly those on the jhum areas are
organic by default. These products however are low in volume, but can be marketed outside
47
the state as locally organic food items, for which there is growing niche market in the
country.
( T.IMKONGLEMBA AO ),IAS
Agriculture Production Commissioner, Nagaland.
GOVERNMENT OF NAGALAND
OFFICE OF THE AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION COMMISSIONER
NAGALAND KOHIMA.
Meeting Circular
Dated Kohima the 10th June 2015
No.AGR/NITI-10/2015 (Pt)::: As per the meeting minutes issued vide letter of even No.
Dated Kohima the 3rd June 2015, in regard to the Task Force on Agriculture Development
held on 02.6.2015 at the Chief Secretary’s conference hall. The undersigned is directed to
circulate the draft write up report submitted by the Agri. & Allied Departments including the
four Missions (except Forest Department) for kind review of the Core Team of the Task
Force on Agriculture Development.
In this regard a meeting of the Core Team is convened on the 11 th June 2015 at the
conference hall of the APC at 11.AM to finalized the write-up Report on the Task Force on
Agriculture Development.
Sd/( T.IMKONGLEMBA AO )
APC & Member Secretary of Task Force on Agriculture Development
No.AGR/NITI-10/2015 (Pt)
:::
Dated Kohima the 10th June 2015
Copy to:
1. The OSD to Chief Secretary for kind information.
2. The Additional Chief Secretary & Development Commissioner and Chairman
Task Force on Agriculture Development for kind information.
48
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The Commissioner & Secretary Vety. & AH Core Team member.
The Secretary, Forest for submission of the Report.
The Director Agriculture, Core Team member.
The Director, Land Resources, Core Team member.
Guard file.
( P.NUNGSANGWAPANG JAMIR )
Under Secretary to the Government of Nagaland.
GOVERNMENT OF NAGALAND
OFFICE OF THE AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION COMMISSIONER
NAGALAND KOHIMA.
No.AGR/NITI-10/2015 (Pt)
:::
Dated Kohima the 20th June 2015
To,
The Chief Secretary,
Nagaland, Kohima.
Sub:- Forwarding of Concept Note on Agric ultural Development Programmes.
Sir,
In inviting a reference to the subject mentioned above and as per the directive of the
meeting minutes issued vide letter of even No. Dated Kohima the 3rd June 2015, in regard to
the Task Force on Agriculture Development held on 02.6.2015 at the Chief Secretary’s
conference hall and reviewed by the Core Team of the Task Force on Agriculture
Development. I am directed to forward with the final write-up report submitted by the Agri.
& Allied Departments including the four Missions for kind perusal and necessary action
please.
Yours faithfully,
49
( P.NUNGSANGWAPANG JAMIR )
Under Secretary to the Government of Nagaland.
:::
Dated Kohima the 20th June 2015
No.AGR/NITI-10/2015 (Pt)
Copy to:
1. The Additional Chief Secretary & Development Commissioner and Chairman Task
Force on Agriculture Development for kind information.
2. Office copy.
( P.NUNGSANGWAPANG JAMIR )
Under Secretary to the Government of Nagaland.
50