Name
Date
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Class
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Motivation
Directions: Write the letter of the response that best fits the description in the blank to the left of each
sentence.
1.
__
__
_
_ _
__
__
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
__
8.
The biological or psychological requirements of an organism are known as
A.
instincts.
C.
incentives.
B.
drives.
D.
needs.
Eating to satisfy our hunger is an example of
A.
intrinsic motivation.
C.
homeostasis.
B.
extrinsic motivation.
D.
instincts.
The physiological and psychological factors that cause us to behave as we do describe our
A.
incentives.
C.
B.
motivation.
D. drives.
instincts.
The tendency of all organisms to correct imbalances in their �ormal states is known as
A.
homeostasis.
C.
intrinsic motivation.
B.
extrinsic motivation.
D.
instincts.
Natural or inherited tendencies of an organism are its
A.
incentives.
C.
B.
drives.
D. needs.
instincts.
Spending hours playing a computer game because you love the challenge is an example of a(n)
A.
extrinsic motivation.
C.
B.
intrinsic motivation.
D. instincts.
incentives.
An internal condition that orients a person toward a particular goal is known as a(n)
A.
drive.
C.
instinct.
B.
incentive.
D.
need.
An object we seek or the result we are trying to achieve through our motivated behavior is a(n)
A.
B.
drive.
C.
incentive.
need.
D.
instinct.
Directions: Answer the following question in the space provided.
9.
Compare and contrast extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.
63
Date
Name
Guided Reading
Activity
Class
}2 -}
Theories of
Motivation
For use with textbook pages 313-317
Directions: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use the information under the heading
to help you write each answer.
I. Theories of Motivation
A. Introduction
1. What does research on motivation and emotion focus on?
_
______ _____
_
2. Why must psychologists infer motivation from goal-directed behavior?
_ _ _ _ _ _ __
B. Instinct Theory
1. What is the main flaw in instinct theory?
C. Drive-Reduction Theory
1. What causes a need?
2. What does a need lead to?
·· · ··
"
:v�''' 3.: A'Ccording to drive-reduction theory, what happens when an or�anism's random
behavior reduces a drive?
-------
4. What did Harry Harlow's experiments with monkeys show?
_
_______ ____
_
D. Incentive Theory
1. What does incentive theory stress?
------
2. If you aren't very thirsty, what might cause you to consume a soft drink?
E. Cognitive Theory
1. If you work overtime because you really enjoy what you are doing, what kind of
motivation are you responding to?
________________ ____ _
_
64
----
-------
Date
Name
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Vocabulary
Activity
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Biological and
Social Motives
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Class
Directions: Complete each sentence using the terms below. Some terms are used twice.
1.
psychological needs
fundamental needs
self-actualization needs
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
is stimulated with electrodes, a laboratory animal will begin to eat,
If the
even if the animal has just finished a large meal.
2.
If the
_______
is stimulated with electrodes, an animal will slow down or stop
eating, even if it has not had any food for a long time.
3.
In Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
_______
refer to the need to fulfill one's
unique potential.
4.
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
_______
refer to the need for food, water, sex, and
physical safety.
5.
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
______
refer to the need to belong, to give and
receive love, and to acquire esteem.
6.
Martina's parents are getting a divorce. Martina feels like she might be to blame for this. She is
probably trying to fulfill her
7.
______
at this time.
Dr. Tracie Arquette has just been appointed by the president to the position of U.S. surgeon
general. Dr. Arquette is most likely in the process of fulfilling her
8.
Philip is homeless. He probably strives daily to fulfill his
_
___
_
_
_
_
____
_
_
_
_
c..i
.s
·�
8
8
Directions: Answer the following question in the space provided.
9.
What biological factors other than the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus influence hunger?
3
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Date
Name
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Guided Reading
Activity
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Biological and
Social Motives
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Class
For use with textbook pages 319-327
Directions: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using the words in the box .
achievement
glucagon
self-actualization
calories
glucose
starve
challenging
grow
store reserves
eat
insulin
stored
energy
learned
success
failure
repair itself
..
useful
...
Biological Motives
Your body requires food to 1
3
______
______
------ ·
electrodes, a laboratory animal will 4
will S
------ ·
amount of 6
------ ·
, or ready 7
______
------
______
, and
I f the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is stimulated with
If the LH is removed surgically,an animal
______
energy back into 12
, in the blood. When the level drops,
to convert the incoming 9
energy. After your meal, the_ pancreas secretes 10
11
______
The glucostatic theory suggests that the hypothalamus monitors the
______
the pancreas releases 8
,2
______
______
______
into
,which helps conyert the .
energy.
Social Motives
Social motives are 13
14
______
______
from our interactions with other people. The
motive concerns the desire to set 15
persist in trying to reach them . People display fear of 16
______
nonchallenging tasks. Matina Horner studied the fear of 17
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs shows 18
------
goals and to
when they choose
_
__
_
__
__
______
to be the highest level of need.
66
---- ---
Date
Name
___ _
_
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Directions: Fill in each blank below with the word or words that best fit the sentence.
Emotions have three parts. These include the 1
2
______
,and the 3
______
______
,the
parts.
Psychologists have proposed both physiological and cognitive theories of emotions. There are two major_
physiological theories of emotions. These are the 4
______
emotions are the perception of certain internal bodily changes,and the 5
theory, which holds that
___ ___
__ _
_
theory,which argues that the thalamus .i,� the lower brain is the seat of all emotion.
:
·'
Cognitive theorists believe that bodily changes work together with thinking to produce emotions.
The 6 ______ experiment demonstrated that internal components of emotion
affect a person differently,depending on his or her perception of the situation. The
7
______
theory states that the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic
system act in concert to regulate and manipulate emotions.
Directions: Answer the following questions in the space provided.
8. ,What is the function of emotional intelligence?
9.
Does emotional expression vary among cultures? Why or why not?
67
·
Name
Date
_ __ __ _
Class
//
Guided Reading
Activity
,
,
-
.
For use with textbook pages 328-336
Directions: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer the questions.
·
1.
Why do we call certain physiological changes "drives" sometimes and "emotions" other times?
2.
In what way do emotions function like a drive?
3.
What is the cognitive aspect of emotions?
4.
One study showed that people from five different cultures identified the same emotions in photos
-------
of facial expressions. What do these results imply?
5.
__
-·------
What part does learning play in emotional expression?
6. What is the core belief behind the James-Lange theory?
------
7.
Where did Carroll Izard believe emotions come from?
8.
According to the Cannon-Bard·theory, when an experience activates the brain, what two reactions
does the brain send?
9.
1 0.
-------
What do lie-detection tests measure?
_
_____
__
_____________
_
_
Cognitive theorists believe that physiological arousal only partly determines how you feel. What is
the other part?
11.
-------
__________
___ _________________
_
In the Schachter-Singer experiment , when the participants could not explain their physical
reactions , what did they do?
12. According to the opponent-process theory, how do we regulate and manipulate our emotions?
13.
How might emotions play an important role in our survival as human beings?
68
/
__