Name: ______________________________________________ Period: _______________ Date: ___________________
BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER 16 – Charles Darwin & The Theory of Evolution
1. What is another term for “universal genetic code?”
(All living things share a “universal genetic code) How
is this used as one piece of evidence for evolution?
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2. What is artificial selection? What is natural
selection? Compare and contrast the two:
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3. Which scientist formulated the theory of evolution
through natural selection?
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4. The ability of an individual organism to survive and
reproduce in its natural environment is called
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5. What is the difference between an acquired
characteristic and an inherited characteristic?
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6. DNA and RNA provide evidence of evolution because
a. all organisms have nearly identical DNA and RNA.
b. no two organisms have exactly the same DNA.
c. each RNA codon specifies just one amino acid.
d. in most organisms, the same codons specify the
same amino acids.
7. Lamarck’s ideas about evolution were wrong because
he proposed that
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8. What are four categories of evidence for evolution?
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9. Lyell’s Principles of Geology influenced Darwin
because it explained how:
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10. A bird’s wings are homologous to a(n)
a. fish’s tailfin.
c. dog’s front legs.
b. alligator’s claws.
d. mosquito’s wings.
11. Describe what “descent with modification” means:
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12. What is a vestigial structure? Give an example:
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CHAPTER 19.3 – Life’s Early History
13. Describe Earth’s early history. What gasses were
primarily found in the atmosphere?
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14. What is the “RNA world” hypothesis? Did RNA exist
before or after DNA?
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If you have trouble with….
Question
1
2
3
See
16.4 16.2 16.1
Lesson
16.3
4
16.3
5
16.2
6
16.4
7
16.2
8
16.4
9
16.2
10
16.4
11
16.3
12
16.4
13
19.3
14
19.3
CHAPTER 18 – Classification
15. What are the taxa groups in the Linnaean
classification system? (use your mnemonic device)
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16. What are cladograms? What do the nodes represent?
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CHAPTER 3 – The Biosphere
17. Name the different levels of organization within the
biosphere, from smallest to largest.
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18. What are biotic factors? What are abiotic factors?
Give two examples of each:
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19. How do consumers obtain their energy? What are the
six types of consumers?
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20. What are phytoplankton and zooplankton? Where are
they found?
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21. Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem.
What are the trophic levels in a food chain/web?
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22. How much energy is transferred up the food chain?
How much is lost? In what form is this energy lost?
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23. Describe how water is cycled through the biosphere:
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24. Describe how carbon is cycled through the biosphere:
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25. What organisms are found at the base of every food
chain or web? How do they get their energy and
nutrients?
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26. What are nutrients? How does nutrient availability
relate to primary productivity?
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If you have trouble with….
Question
15
16
See
18.1 18.2
Lesson
17
3.1
18
3.1
19
3.2
20
3.3
21
3.3
22
3.3
23
3.4
24
3.4
25
3.2 & 3.3
26
3.4
CHAPTER 4 – Ecosystems & Communities
27. What factors shape global climates?
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28. Compare the term niche to habitat:
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29. What is the greenhouse effect? Does this phenomenon
occur naturally or is it strictly man-made?
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31. Describe the three types of symbiotic relationships:
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30. Describe predator-prey relationships. What happens to
one population when the other population rises or falls?
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32. Compare & contrast primary and secondary succession.
Give examples for each:
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33. Define the photic zone, aphotic zone, and benthic zone.
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34. What factors affect aquatic ecosystems?
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CHAPTER 5 – Populations & Chapter 6 – Humans in the Biosphere
35. What factors affect population growth? Which ones
36. What is exponential growth? What is logistic growth? Be
cause population numbers to rise and which to fall?
able to identify graphs for each.
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37. Define carrying capacity.
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38. At what point in human history did our population begin
to grow exponentially?
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39. What is the difference between density-dependent and
density-independent factors? Give two examples of
each:
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40. What are limiting factors? What factors determine
carrying capacity?
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41. What is the difference between a renewable and nonrenewable resource?.
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42. In what ways do humans affect the environment?
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If you have trouble with….
Question 27
28
29
See
4.1 4.2 4.1
Lesson
30
4.2
31
4.2
32
4.3
33
4.5
34
4.5
35
5.1
36
5.1
37
5.1
38
5.3
39
5.2
40
5.2
41
6.1
42
Ch6