The War to End Wars
(1917-1918)
Chapter 30
Transformations to watch – Before World War I, Wilsonian neutrality and “peace
without victory” diplomacy was changed to involvement in order “to make the world
safe for democracy”; Wilsonian idealism of a New World Order founded on the
Fourteen Points will die a convulsing and painful death in the American Senate due to
American disillusionment with the Allies and the desire for isolationism.
1.
Immediate reasons for American entry: Define the following events that led
America into the war
Zimmermann Note
“Overt” Acts –
Russian Revolution 1917 –
2.
According to Bailey, what myth (Nye Committee Report of 1933) developed as to
why the US entered the war. Why does Bailey believe this myth to be incorrect?
3.
What ultimately forced America into the war?
Fourteen Points
4.
List the seven of the Fourteen Points
World War I – Domestic Picture
American manufacturing and agricultural production will increase through “Voluntary
Compliance – Not Government Mandate”
5.
For each of these Government agencies define their purpose, mechanisms used
and assess their effectiveness in achieving their goals (if stated)
Agency
Goal
Committee on
Public Information
(Creel Committee)
War Industries Board
(Baruch)
National War Labor
Board
(Taft)
Food Administration
(Hoover)
Fuel Administration
Liberty Bond
Methods
Effectiveness
6.
Evaluate the extent of Free Speech during the war by defining these issues and
groups.
-
Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917) –
-
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) –
-
Eugene V. Debs –
-
Schenck vs. US (1919) –
Women and the War
7.
Define the split that occurred in the women’s suffrage movement during the war.
8.
Why do you think Wilson reversed his position and supported women’s suffrage
in 1917?
9.
What were the limits of women’s economic and political gains as a result of the
war?
African-Americans and the War
10.
What demographic movement occurred as a result of the war and what effect did
this have in the areas in which occurred?
11.
What role did African-Americans serve in the armed forces during the war?
12.
Additional thoughts and definitions–
conscription –
slackers –
conscientious objectors –
13.
What eventually caused the Germans to surrender?
Treaty of Versailles (1919-1920)
14.
-
Define the following terms or people:
Big Four –
Trustees of the League of nations –
Irreconcilables or “Battalion of Death” –
Borah and Johnson –
Henry Cabot Lodge –
Rhineland –
French Security agreement –
Shantong Article X –
Lodges’ 14 Reservations – amendments to each of Wilson’s points.
15.
What concessions did Wilson make to his Fourteen Points at Versailles that
justified to a degree Clemenceau’s sneering remark that Wilson “talked like Jesus
and acted like Lloyd George”?
16.
What was the Senate’s principal objection to the Treaty of Versailles?
17.
After reading pp. 711 through 716, explain any three political mistakes that
Wilson made before during or after the Versailles Peace Conference and which
in the end hurt the possibility of passage of the Treaty of Versailles?
18.
Detail the various reasons why the U.S. never passed the Treaty of Versailles and
never entered into the League of Nations.
**19. BONUS -Using p. 718, compare Kennan’s portrayal of Wilson and Link’s portrayal of
Wilson. Which characterization do you support and why?