A MODEST PROPOSAL
Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®,
GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation
Jonathan Swift
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Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College
Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered
trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a
registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book
nor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither
sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.
A Modest Proposal
Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®,
GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation
Jonathan Swift
PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the
College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are
registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book,
GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated
with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council
which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.
ICON CLASSICS
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A Modest Proposal: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP®
English Test Preparation
This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005
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Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.
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PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered
trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and
Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither
sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management
Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a
registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses
this product. All rights reserved.
ISBN 0-497-25286-4
iii
Contents
PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1
A MODEST PROPOSAL FOR PREVENTING THE CHILDREN OF POOR PEOPLE IN
IRELAND FROM BEING A BURDEN TO THEIR PARENTS OR THE COUNTRY, AND FOR
MAKING THEM BENEFICIAL TO THE PUBLIC. 1729. ........................................................ 3
GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................... 13
Jonathan Swift
1
PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR
Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on
standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently
assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this
edition of A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift was edited for students who are actively building
their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®,
1
LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.
Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of
synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in
other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic
words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult,
and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided
for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language,
and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within
context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not
already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it
has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the
book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary.
Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected]
The Editor
Webster’s Online Dictionary
www.websters-online-dictionary.org
PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the
College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are
registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book,
GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated
with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council
which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.
1
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Jonathan Swift
3
A MODEST PROPOSAL
FOR PREVENTING THE CHILDREN OF POOR
PEOPLE IN IRELAND FROM BEING A
BURDEN TO THEIR PARENTS OR THE
COUNTRY, AND FOR MAKING THEM
BENEFICIAL TO THE PUBLIC. 1729.%
It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or
travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors
crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children,
all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers instead
of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their
time in stroling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants who, as they grow
up, either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country, to
fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.
I think it is agreed by all parties, that this prodigious number of children in
the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their
fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom, a very great additional
grievance; and therefore whoever could find out a fair, cheap and easy method of
making these children sound and useful members of the common-wealth, would
Thesaurus
alms: (n) handout, charity,
benefaction, gift, donation,
contribution, offering, bounty; (n, v)
sportula, largess; (v) relieve.
deplorable: (adj) sad, wretched,
criminal, calamitous, abominable,
pitiful, lamentable, miserable,
regrettable, sorry; (adj, v) woeful.
ANTONYMS: (adj) acceptable,
pleasing, laudable, happy, cheerful,
admirable, agreeable, excellent,
fortunate, praiseworthy.
livelihood: (n) subsistence, existence, prodigious: (adj) gigantic, enormous,
job, maintenance, support, living,
huge, phenomenal, portentous,
sustenance, bread, keep, bread and
stupendous, exceptional, colossal,
immense, gargantuan; (adj, v)
butter, career.
melancholy: (adj, v) dreary; (adj, n)
monstrous. ANTONYMS: (adj)
gloom, melancholic; (adj) depressed,
unexceptional, normal, average, tiny,
dejected, dismal, gloomy, doleful; (n, weak.
v) low spirits; (n) gloominess,
sustenance: (n) living, food,
depression. ANTONYMS: (n)
maintenance, subsistence, fare,
happiness, cheerfulness, hopefulness, sustentation, provisions,
optimism; (adj) happy, bright, cheery, nourishment, nutriment, aliment,
livelihood. ANTONYM: (n) extras.
satisfied.
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4
A Modest Proposal
deserve so well of the publick, as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the
nation.%
But my intention is very far from being confined to provide only for the
children of professed beggars: it is of a much greater extent, and shall take in the
whole number of infants at a certain age, who are born of parents in effect as
little able to support them, as those who demand our charity in the streets.
As to my own part, having turned my thoughts for many years, upon this
important subject, and maturely weighed the several schemes of our projectors, I
have always found them grossly mistaken in their computation. It is true, a child
just dropt from its dam, may be supported by her milk, for a solar year, with
little other nourishment: at most not above the value of two shillings, which the
mother may certainly get, or the value in scraps, by her lawful occupation of
begging; and it is exactly at one year old that I propose to provide for them in
such a manner, as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or
wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary,
contribute to the feeding, and partly to the cloathing of many thousands.
There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that it will prevent
those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their
bastard children, alas! too frequent among us, sacrificing the poor innocent
babes, I doubt, more to avoid the expence than the shame, which would move
tears and pity in the most savage and inhuman breast.
The number of souls in this kingdom being usually reckoned one million and
a half, of these I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple
whose wives are breeders; from which number I subtract thirty thousand couple,
who are able to maintain their own children, (although I apprehend there cannot
be so many, under the present distresses of the kingdom) but this being granted,
there will remain an hundred and seventy thousand breeders. I again subtract
fifty thousand, for those women who miscarry, or whose children die by
accident or disease within the year. There only remain an hundred and twenty
thousand children of poor parents annually born. The question therefore is, How
this number shall be reared, and provided for? which, as I have already said,
Thesaurus
apprehend: (v) arrest, comprehend,
grasp, catch, understand, fathom,
realize, sense, follow, nail; (adj, v)
conceive. ANTONYMS: (v)
misunderstand, discharge, free,
liberate.
babes: (n) babies, babe.
infants: (n) brood.
inhuman: (adj) heartless, cruel,
atrocious, brutal, cold, harsh,
ferocious, remorseless, barbarous,
relentless, barbaric. ANTONYMS:
(adj) sympathetic, kind, humane.
preserver: (n) defender, protector,
maturely: (adv) mellowly, adultly,
custodian, conservative, keeper,
perfectly, completely, fully, readily,
conservator, savior, patron, restorer,
flotation device; (adj) third person.
agedly, oldly, primely, correctly,
conscientiously. ANTONYMS: (adv) raiment: (n, v) dress, garb, apparel,
garment, clothes; (n) costume, attire,
childishly, irresponsibly.
miscarry: (v) fail, founder, abort, fall,
clothing, array, habit; (v) clothe.
flop, break down, go wrong, backfire, subtract: (v) reduce, calculate, take off,
fall through, miss, lose.
add, discount, diminish, subduct,
nourishment: (n) food, alimentation,
withhold, deduce, withdraw,
remove. ANTONYMS: (v) estimate,
meal, meat, diet, feeding, nutrition,
repast, sustenance, edible, fuel.
credit.
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Jonathan Swift
5
under the present situation of affairs, is utterly impossible by all the methods
hitherto proposed. For we can neither employ them in handicraft or agriculture;
we neither build houses, (I mean in the country) nor cultivate land: they can very
seldom pick up a livelihood by stealing till they arrive at six years old; except
where they are of towardly parts, although I confess they learn the rudiments
much earlier; during which time they can however be properly looked upon only
as probationers: As I have been informed by a principal gentleman in the county
of Cavan, who protested to me, that he never knew above one or two instances
under the age of six, even in a part of the kingdom so renowned for the quickest
proficiency in that art.%
I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl before twelve years old, is
no saleable commodity, and even when they come to this age, they will not yield
above three pounds, or three pounds and half a crown at most, on the exchange;
which cannot turn to account either to the parents or kingdom, the charge of
nutriments and rags having been at least four times that value.
I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts, which I hope will
not be liable to the least objection.
I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in
London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious
nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and
I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust.
I do therefore humbly offer it to publick consideration, that of the hundred
and twenty thousand children, already computed, twenty thousand may be
reserved for breed, whereof only one fourth part to be males; which is more than
we allow to sheep, black cattle, or swine, and my reason is, that these children
are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our
savages, therefore, one male will be sufficient to serve four females. That the
remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons
of quality and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let
them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump, and fat for
a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends, and
Thesaurus
handicraft: (n) craft, handcraft,
handiwork, mystery, occupation,
handwork, trade, art, profession,
artifice, job.
nourishing: (adj) alimentary, healthy,
nutrient, healthful, wholesome, rich,
nutritive, hearty, alimental, good,
beneficial. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unhealthy, unwholesome, meager,
insufficient.
nursed: (adj) care, suckled.
plentifully: (adv) plenteously,
bountifully, bounteously,
abundantly, profusely, richly, fully,
liberally, opulently, amply,
prolifically. ANTONYM: (adv)
meagerly.
proficiency: (n) ability, expertise,
capability, dexterity, competence,
efficiency, knowledge, expertness,
skill, facility, craft. ANTONYMS: (n)
inability, inexperience.
quickest: (adv) most quickly.
roasted: (adj) fried, baked.
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rudiments: (n) grammar,
fundamentals, elements, alphabet,
abecedary, primer, vade mecum,
bedrock, element, fundamental
principle, rudiment.
saleable: (adj) salable, marketable,
merchantable, commercial, vendible,
sellable, profitable.
stewed: (adj) poached, tipsy,
intoxicated, done, drunk, huffy,
inebriated, baked, tight.
towardly: (adj) timely, seasonable.
6
A Modest Proposal
when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable
dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt, will be very good boiled on the
fourth day, especially in winter.%
I have reckoned upon a medium, that a child just born will weigh 12 pounds,
and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, encreaseth to 28 pounds.
I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for
landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have
the best title to the children.
Infant's flesh will be in season throughout the year, but more plentiful in
March, and a little before and after; for we are told by a grave author, an eminent
French physician, that fish being a prolifick dyet, there are more children born in
Roman Catholick countries about nine months after Lent, the markets will be
more glutted than usual, because the number of Popish infants, is at least three
to one in this kingdom, and therefore it will have one other collateral advantage,
by lessening the number of Papists among us.
I have already computed the charge of nursing a beggar's child (in which list
I reckon all cottagers, labourers, and four-fifths of the farmers) to be about two
shillings per annum, rags included; and I believe no gentleman would repine to
give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child, which, as I have said, will
make four dishes of excellent nutritive meat, when he hath only some particular
friend, or his own family to dine with him. Thus the squire will learn to be a
good landlord, and grow popular among his tenants, the mother will have eight
shillings neat profit, and be fit for work till she produces another child.
Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may flea the
carcass; the skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for
ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen.
As to our City of Dublin, shambles may be appointed for this purpose, in the
most convenient parts of it, and butchers we may be assured will not be wanting;
although I rather recommend buying the children alive, and dressing them hot
from the knife, as we do roasting pigs.
Thesaurus
carcass: (n) body, frame, corpse,
edible, healthy.
repine: (v) kick, grumble, regret,
cadaver, framework, shell, carrion,
remains, dead body, skeleton, bomb. quetch, murmur, brood, mourn,
devoured: (adj) eaten up.
languish, whine, lament; (n) sink.
gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs.
roasting: (n) barbecuing, cookery,
glutted: (adj) fleshed, fat, exceeding
cooking; (adj) broiling, baking,
demand, corpulent, fuller, overfull,
burning, boiling, airless, blazing,
close; (adj, n) scorching.
satiate, congested, blas, gorged,
ANTONYMS: (adj) airy, fresh.
replete.
nutritive: (adj) nourishing, nutritious, thrifty: (adj) careful, economical,
alimentary, nutrient, alimental,
provident, sparing, prudent, stingy,
wholesome, eatable, rich, alible,
saving, spare, parsimonious, chary,
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scotch. ANTONYMS: (adj) wasteful,
spendthrift, profligate, extravagant,
generous.
tolerably: (adv) well enough, passably,
acceptably, reasonably, enough,
moderately, to a tolerable degree,
pretty, to an adequate degree; (adj,
adv) somewhat; (adj) pretty well.
ANTONYMS: (adv) unbearably,
intolerably, unacceptably,
unreasonably, insufficiently,
inadequately.
Jonathan Swift
7
A very worthy person, a true lover of his country, and whose virtues I highly
esteem, was lately pleased, in discoursing on this matter, to offer a refinement
upon my scheme. He said, that many gentlemen of this kingdom, having of late
destroyed their deer, he conceived that the want of venison might be well
supply'd by the bodies of young lads and maidens, not exceeding fourteen years
of age, nor under twelve; so great a number of both sexes in every country being
now ready to starve for want of work and service: And these to be disposed of by
their parents if alive, or otherwise by their nearest relations. But with due
deference to so excellent a friend, and so deserving a patriot, I cannot be
altogether in his sentiments; for as to the males, my American acquaintance
assured me from frequent experience, that their flesh was generally tough and
lean, like that of our school-boys, by continual exercise, and their taste
disagreeable, and to fatten them would not answer the charge. Then as to the
females, it would, I think, with humble submission, be a loss to the publick,
because they soon would become breeders themselves: And besides, it is not
improbable that some scrupulous people might be apt to censure such a practice,
(although indeed very unjustly) as a little bordering upon cruelty, which, I
confess, hath always been with me the strongest objection against any project,
how well soever intended.%
But in order to justify my friend, he confessed, that this expedient was put
into his head by the famous Salmanaazor, a native of the island Formosa, who
came from thence to London, above twenty years ago, and in conversation told
my friend, that in his country, when any young person happened to be put to
death, the executioner sold the carcass to persons of quality, as a prime dainty;
and that, in his time, the body of a plump girl of fifteen, who was crucified for an
attempt to poison the Emperor, was sold to his imperial majesty's prime minister
of state, and other great mandarins of the court in joints from the gibbet, at four
hundred crowns. Neither indeed can I deny, that if the same use were made of
several plump young girls in this town, who without one single groat to their
fortunes, cannot stir abroad without a chair, and appear at a play-house and
assemblies in foreign fineries which they never will pay for; the kingdom would
not be the worse.
Thesaurus
dainty: (adj, v) nice; (adj, n, v) delicacy; undernourish, starve.
ANTONYMS: (adj) sloppy,
(adj) fastidious, savory, tasteful,
gibbet: (n) gallows, gallowstree,
unscrupulous, slapdash, relaxed,
gallous, scaffold; (v) hang, expose,
squeamish, particular, mincing,
guilty, deceitful.
refined; (adj, n) tidbit; (n) luxury.
pillory, brand, stigmatize, disgrace, unjustly: (adv) wrongly, wrongfully,
ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, vulgar,
string up.
wickedly, iniquitously, inequitably,
groat: (n) penny, doit, rap, mite, Grote, undeservedly, illegally, foully,
rough, inelegant, harsh, gross,
awkward, accepting, heavy, careless, change, denarius, farthing, coin,
injuriously, unrighteously,
unjustifiedly. ANTONYMS: (adv)
thick.
stiver, pocket money.
fatten: (adj, n) enrich; (adj, v) fat,
scrupulous: (adj) careful, punctilious,
rightly, reasonably.
elaborate; (v) fatten up, feed, fill out;
venison: (adj) turtle; (n) beef, chicken,
exact, conscientious, particular,
(adj) fructify, bloom, bear fruit,
painstaking, accurate, prudent,
ham, lamb, mutton, pork, red meat,
blossom, blow. ANTONYMS: (v)
meticulous, rigorous, cautious.
animal protein, white meat.
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8
A Modest Proposal
Some persons of a desponding spirit are in great concern about that vast
number of poor people, who are aged, diseased, or maimed; and I have been
desired to employ my thoughts what course may be taken, to ease the nation of
so grievous an incumbrance. But I am not in the least pain upon that matter,
because it is very well known, that they are every day dying, and rotting, by cold
and famine, and filth, and vermin, as fast as can be reasonably expected. And as
to the young labourers, they are now in almost as hopeful a condition. They
cannot get work, and consequently pine away from want of nourishment, to a
degree, that if at any time they are accidentally hired to common labour, they
have not strength to perform it, and thus the country and themselves are happily
delivered from the evils to come.%
I have too long digressed, and therefore shall return to my subject. I think the
advantages by the proposal which I have made are obvious and many, as well as
of the highest importance.
For first, as I have already observed, it would greatly lessen the number of
Papists, with whom we are yearly over-run, being the principal breeders of the
nation, as well as our most dangerous enemies, and who stay at home on
purpose with a design to deliver the kingdom to the Pretender, hoping to take
their advantage by the absence of so many good Protestants, who have chosen
rather to leave their country, than stay at home and pay tithes against their
conscience to an episcopal curate.
Secondly, The poorer tenants will have something valuable of their own,
which by law may be made liable to a distress, and help to pay their landlord's
rent, their corn and cattle being already seized, and money a thing unknown.
Thirdly, Whereas the maintainance of an hundred thousand children, from
two years old, and upwards, cannot be computed at less than ten shillings a
piece per annum, the nation's stock will be thereby encreased fifty thousand
pounds per annum, besides the profit of a new dish, introduced to the tables of
all gentlemen of fortune in the kingdom, who have any refinement in taste. And
the money will circulate among our selves, the goods being entirely of our own
growth and manufacture.
Thesaurus
curate: (n) rector, clergyman, minister, evils: (n) mala.
chaplain, pastor, Stipendiary curate, incumbrance: (n) impediment,
priest, vicar, incumbent, reverend,
hindrance, obstruction, clog, fardel,
canon.
imposition, charge, hitch, burden,
desponding: (adj) despairing,
worry, vexation.
lessen: (v) decrease, abate, fall,
despondent.
diseased: (adj) bad, ailing, sickly,
decline, dwindle, assuage, allay,
alleviate; (adj, v) abridge, curtail,
unsound, sick, ill, unhealthy,
pathological, infected, unwholesome, contract. ANTONYMS: (v) increase,
infirm. ANTONYMS: (adj) well, fit.
exacerbate, intensify, raise, grow,
episcopal: (adj) pontifical, bishoplike,
aggravate, accelerate, bolster,
clerical, episcoparian.
worsen, strengthen, rise.
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maimed: (adj) disabled, mutilated,
deformed, truncated, faulty, cut
short, game, cut off; (n) wounded.
rotting: (adj) rotten, decaying,
decayed, moldering, mouldering,
decomposing, putrid; (n) rot,
putrefaction, decomposition, deep
etching.
selves: (pron) oneself.
vermin: (n) bug, varmint, louse, trash,
pest, brute, varment, scum, riffraff,
ragtag and bobtail, rabble.
Jonathan Swift
9
Fourthly, The constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling
per annum by the sale of their children, will be rid of the charge of maintaining
them after the first year.%
Fifthly, This food would likewise bring great custom to taverns, where the
vintners will certainly be so prudent as to procure the best receipts for dressing it
to perfection; and consequently have their houses frequented by all the fine
gentlemen, who justly value themselves upon their knowledge in good eating;
and a skilful cook, who understands how to oblige his guests, will contrive to
make it as expensive as they please.
Sixthly, This would be a great inducement to marriage, which all wise
nations have either encouraged by rewards, or enforced by laws and penalties. It
would encrease the care and tenderness of mothers towards their children, when
they were sure of a settlement for life to the poor babes, provided in some sort by
the publick, to their annual profit instead of expence. We should soon see an
honest emulation among the married women, which of them could bring the
fattest child to the market. Men would become as fond of their wives, during the
time of their pregnancy, as they are now of their mares in foal, their cows in calf,
or sow when they are ready to farrow; nor offer to beat or kick them (as is too
frequent a practice) for fear of a miscarriage.
Many other advantages might be enumerated. For instance, the addition of
some thousand carcasses in our exportation of barrel'd beef: the propagation of
swine's flesh, and improvement in the art of making good bacon, so much
wanted among us by the great destruction of pigs, too frequent at our tables;
which are no way comparable in taste or magnificence to a well grown, fat
yearly child, which roasted whole will make a considerable figure at a Lord
Mayor's feast, or any other publick entertainment. But this, and many others, I
omit, being studious of brevity.
Supposing that one thousand families in this city, would be constant
customers for infants flesh, besides others who might have it at merry meetings,
particularly at weddings and christenings, I compute that Dublin would take off
Thesaurus
brevity: (n) briefness, shortness,
succinctness, transience, terseness,
abruptness, crispness, duration,
economy, length, brevities.
ANTONYMS: (n) lengthiness, length.
compute: (v) cipher, count, measure,
account, cast, enumerate, gauge, add,
reckon, assess, tally. ANTONYMS:
(v) guess, suppose, surmise, estimate.
contrive: (v) plan, invent, design,
concoct, devise, cast, concert,
excogitate, frame, formulate; (n, v)
manage. ANTONYMS: (v) demolish, brilliancy, gorgeousness; (n) glory,
destroy, ruin, waste, wreck, fail.
pomp, brilliance, grandness,
enumerated: (adj) detailed.
greatness, dignity, majesty, loftiness.
exportation: (n) exporting,
ANTONYMS: (n) paucity, modesty,
mercantilism, emission, ejection,
shabbiness, poverty, austerity,
rejection, expulsion, effusion,
unattractiveness.
commercialism; (v) importation,
rewards: (n) booty, loot.
studious: (adj) scholarly, bookish,
transportation, transport.
farrow: (v) pig, bear fruit, EAN, give
academic, assiduous, erudite,
birth, kindle, kitten; (adj, n) brood; (n) diligent, learned, careful, deliberate;
(adj, v) thoughtful, reflective.
breed, spat, spawn, parturition.
magnificence: (adj, n) splendor,
ANTONYM: (adj) negligent.
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10
A Modest Proposal
annually about twenty thousand carcasses; and the rest of the kingdom (where
probably they will be sold somewhat cheaper) the remaining eighty thousand.%
I can think of no one objection, that will possibly be raised against this
proposal, unless it should be urged, that the number of people will be thereby
much lessened in the kingdom. This I freely own, and 'twas indeed one principal
design in offering it to the world. I desire the reader will observe, that I calculate
my remedy for this one individual Kingdom of Ireland, and for no other that
ever was, is, or, I think, ever can be upon Earth. Therefore let no man talk to me
of other expedients: of taxing our absentees at five shillings a pound: Of using neither
cloaths, nor houshold furniture, except what is of our own growth and manufacture: Of
utterly rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: Of curing
the expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our women: Of introducing
a vein of parsimony, prudence and temperance: Of learning to love our country,
wherein we differ even from LAPLANDERS, and the inhabitants of TOPINAMBOO: Of
quitting our animosities and factions, nor acting any longer like the Jews, who were
murdering one another at the very moment their city was taken: Of being a little cautious
not to sell our country and consciences for nothing: Of teaching landlords to have at least
one degree of mercy towards their tenants. Lastly, of putting a spirit of honesty, industry,
and skill into our shop-keepers, who, if a resolution could now be taken to buy only our
native goods, would immediately unite to cheat and exact upon us in the price, the
measure, and the goodness, nor could ever yet be brought to make one fair proposal of just
dealing, though often and earnestly invited to it.
Therefore I repeat, let no man talk to me of these and the like expedients, 'till
he hath at least some glympse of hope, that there will ever be some hearty and
sincere attempt to put them into practice.
But, as to my self, having been wearied out for many years with offering
vain, idle, visionary thoughts, and at length utterly despairing of success, I
fortunately fell upon this proposal, which, as it is wholly new, so it hath
something solid and real, of no expence and little trouble, full in our own power,
and whereby we can incur no danger in disobliging England. For this kind of
commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence,
Thesaurus
consistence: (n) thickness, body,
unhelpful, contrary, disagreeable, ill- vitiated, atrophied, short, attenuate,
natured. ANTONYMS: (adj) obliging, attenuated.
coherence, consistency, viscosity,
hardness, uniformness, property,
agreeable, polite, pleasant, courteous, parsimony: (n) frugality, thrift,
density, solidity; (adj) spissitude.
mannered, civil, helpful, cooperative. niggardliness, parsimoniousness,
ANTONYM: (n) inconsistency.
expensiveness: (n) dearness,
closeness, meanness, miserliness,
curing: (n) hardening, ageing, drying, sumptuosity, sumptuousness, cost,
avarice, stinginess, prudence,
pettiness. ANTONYMS: (n)
rectification, vulcanization,
luxury, lavishness.
preservation; (adj) curative, remedial, gaming: (n) play, game, diversion,
extravagance, generosity.
quitting: (n) departure, resignation.
corrective, comforting, medicinal.
speculation, wager, frolic, bet,
disobliging: (adj) unobliging, harsh,
wearied: (adj) jaded, tired, spent,
gamble, recreation, vice, betting.
uncooperative, unwilling, offensive, lessened: (adj) diminished, hurt,
fatigued, weary, prostrate, limp,
not ready to give a hand, awkward,
lower, mitigated, pointed, tapering,
haggard, shattered, worn, fatigate.
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Jonathan Swift
11
to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country,
which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.%
After all, I am not so violently bent upon my own opinion, as to reject any
offer, proposed by wise men, which shall be found equally innocent, cheap, easy,
and effectual. But before something of that kind shall be advanced in
contradiction to my scheme, and offering a better, I desire the author or authors
will be pleased maturely to consider two points. First, as things now stand, how
they will be able to find food and raiment for a hundred thousand useless
mouths and backs. And secondly, there being a round million of creatures in
humane figure throughout this kingdom, whose whole subsistence put into a
common stock, would leave them in debt two million of pounds sterling, adding
those who are beggars by profession, to the bulk of farmers, cottagers and
labourers, with their wives and children, who are beggars in effect; I desire those
politicians who dislike my overture, and may perhaps be so bold to attempt an
answer, that they will first ask the parents of these mortals, whether they would
not at this day think it a great happiness to have been sold for food at a year old,
in the manner I prescribe, and thereby have avoided such a perpetual scene of
misfortunes, as they have since gone through, by the oppression of landlords,
the impossibility of paying rent without money or trade, the want of common
sustenance, with neither house nor cloaths to cover them from the inclemencies
of the weather, and the most inevitable prospect of intailing the like, or greater
miseries, upon their breed for ever.
I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal
interest in endeavouring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive
than the publick good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants,
relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. I have no children, by which
I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my
wife past child-bearing.
Thesaurus
continuance: (n) duration, abidance,
existence, endurance, protraction,
adjournment, resumption,
prolongation, time, standing,
perseverance. ANTONYMS: (n)
discontinuation, destruction.
effectual: (adj, n) efficient, efficacious,
able; (adj) forceful, telling,
authoritative, operative, potent,
adequate, impressive, powerful.
ANTONYMS: (adj) ineffectual,
incapable, weak, impotent,
ineffective, unproductive,
unsuccessful, useless.
impossibility: (n) impossibleness,
option, nonexistence, absurdity,
inability, impracticability, alternative,
choice, contradiction, contradiction in
terms, doubtfulness. ANTONYMS:
(n) possibility, probability.
misfortunes: (n) misfortune.
mortals: (n) people.
overture: (n, v) offer, advance; (n)
prelude, approach, introduction,
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preface, opening, presentation, feeler,
bid, motion. ANTONYMS: (n) finale,
conclusion, postscript.
prescribe: (n, v) ordain; (v) enjoin,
decree, dictate, fix, command, assign,
determine, set, stipulate, designate.
profess: (v) assert, feign, affirm, avow,
state, pretend, claim, confess, allege,
aver; (n, v) protest. ANTONYM: (v)
repress.
relieving: (adj) pertinent, comforting,
applicable; (n) encouragement.
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Jonathan Swift
13
GLOSSARY
able: (adj) dexterous, competent,
clever, ingenious, accomplished,
gifted, effective, fit, expert; (adj, n)
talented, efficient. ANTONYMS:
(adj) incapable, incompetent, weak,
untrained, inept, delicate, feeble,
infirm, clumsy, ineffective,
ineffectual
above: (adv, prep) beyond, aloft, on,
in excess of; (adv) up, supra, on top;
(adj) preceding, former; (adj, prep)
past; (prep) surpassing.
ANTONYMS: (prep) beneath,
under, deficient, underneath; (adj)
inferior, following
abroad: (adj, adv) overseas, away;
(adv) afield, forth, beyond seas,
yonder, farther, at large, further;
(adj) foreign, out. ANTONYMS:
(adj) remaining, nearby
absence: (n) absenteeism, deficiency,
lack, default, dearth, want,
nonattendance, scarcity, paucity,
shortage, privation. ANTONYMS:
(n) attendance, existence,
fulfillment, inclusion, occurrence,
abundance, glut, confirmation,
supply, excess
accident: (n) casualty, crash,
coincidence, fortune, smash,
incident, hazard, hap, luck, event,
fortuity. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty,
design, intention, intent, calculation
accidentally: (adv) incidentally,
casually, fortuitously, by chance,
coincidentally, adventitiously,
unintentionally, contingently,
haphazardly, occasionally,
inadvertently. ANTONYMS: (adv)
deliberately, knowingly, purposely,
unfortunately, correctly
account: (n) narrative, score, tale,
reckoning, narration, description,
tally, tab, reason; (n, v) regard,
report
acquaintance: (n) connection, friend,
acquaintanceship, mate, awareness,
associate, buddy, friendship,
intercourse, companion; (n, v)
knowledge. ANTONYMS: (n)
ignorance, inexperience,
unfamiliarity, animosity, enemy
acting: (adj) interim, active,
temporary, pro Tem, provisional,
agent, substitute; (n) drama,
business, portrayal, playing
adding: (n) addition, calculation,
reckoning
addition: (n) accession, accessory,
increase, extension, addendum,
accretion, attachment, appendage,
annex, extra; (n, prep) accumulation.
ANTONYMS: (n) removal,
estimation, deduction, exclusion,
decline, erosion, loss, setback
additional: (adj) extra,
supplementary, more, further,
accessory, ancillary, another,
second, spare, increased; (adj, pron)
other. ANTONYMS: (adj) main,
fewer, none, scant, essential, basic
admirable: (adj) fine, outstanding,
beautiful, great, commendable,
lovely, good, creditable,
praiseworthy, worthy, grand.
ANTONYMS: (adj) appalling, poor,
unworthy, despicable, contemptible,
detestable, dishonorable, rotten,
unimpressive, loathsome, low
admit: (n, v) allow; (adj, v)
acknowledge; (v) concede, accede,
grant, affirm, confess, include,
permit, take, welcome.
ANTONYMS: (v) reject, exclude,
bar, dispute, gainsay, withhold,
refuse, oust, hide, eject, dismiss
advanced: (adj) progressive, senior,
higher, precocious, modern, new,
late, superior, ripe, cultured,
developed. ANTONYMS: (adj)
inferior, fundamental, slow,
traditional, simple, obsolete,
neurotic, behind, after, backwards,
incomplete
advancing: (adj) progressive, moving
forward, increasing, moving,
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processive, thriving, ongoing,
aggressive; (n) advancement,
progression, proceeding
advantage: (n) privilege, behalf,
profit, good, preponderance,
account, lead, virtue, expediency,
perk; (n, v) boot. ANTONYMS: (n,
v) disadvantage; (n) drawback,
difficulty, detriment, hindrance,
minus, restriction, obstacle, loss,
inferiority, inconvenience
affairs: (n) dealings, concern,
circumstances, transaction,
occupation, duty, matters, matter,
personal business, gear, finances
again: (adv) more, then, repeatedly,
anew, encore, furthermore, yet, also,
often, once again, once more
against: (adj, adv) counter; (prep)
toward, versus, from; (pref) by; (v)
oppose; (adv, prep) on; (n)
opposition; (adj) unwilling,
repugnant; (adv) athwart.
ANTONYMS: (prep) for; (adj) eager
aged: (adj) senile, elderly, older,
hoary, ripe, venerable, ancient,
senior, decrepit, antique, antiquated.
ANTONYMS: (adj) youthful, new,
fresh, green, unripe, unseasoned,
smooth
agreed: (adj) unanimous, approved,
set, united, in agreement, accepted,
agreeable; (adv, int) all right; (int)
okay; (v) content; (adv) no question.
ANTONYMS: (adj) changing,
individual
agriculture: (n) Department of
Agriculture, agricultural,
agribusiness, farm, husbandry,
agriculture department, tillage,
agronomy, geoponics, cultivation,
rural economy. ANTONYM: (n)
industry
alas: (adv) unluckily, regrettably,
sadly, unhappily, sorry to say; (n)
oh; (int) lackaday. ANTONYM:
(adv) luckily
alive: (adj) live, vivacious, living,
14
sensible, delicate, snappy, animated,
lively, spry, responsive; (n) life.
ANTONYMS: (adj) deceased,
inanimate, unanimated, dispirited,
dull, inactive, lethargic, lifeless,
listless, nonfunctioning, sluggish
allow: (adj, v) admit, accord; (v)
agree, permit, grant, accede,
acquiesce, afford, authorize, bear; (n,
v) give. ANTONYMS: (v) prohibit,
deny, reject, refuse, keep, prevent,
disallow, disapprove, withstand,
hold, outlaw
almost: (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj,
adv) nearly, all but, near, nigh; (adv,
prep) just about, approximately;
(adv) just, mostly, virtually, most.
ANTONYMS: (adv) surely, exactly,
definitely, certainly
alms: (n) handout, charity,
benefaction, gift, donation,
contribution, offering, bounty; (n, v)
sportula, largess; (v) relieve
alone: (adj) forlorn, individual,
lonely, lonesome; (adj, adv) only,
apart; (adv) solely, entirely,
exclusively, separately, individually.
ANTONYMS: (adj) overshadowed,
ordinary, mobbed, equaled,
crowded, accompanied, common,
grouped, surpassed; (adv) jointly;
(n) foe
already: (adv) beforehand,
previously, before, formerly, even
now, just now, at present, once,
heretofore, yet, in advance
although: (adv, prep)
notwithstanding; (prep) in spite of,
even though, however; (adv, conj)
though; (conj) whereas; (adv) even,
tho, when, anyway, tho'
altogether: (adv) absolutely, all,
wholly, perfectly, purely, all in all,
completely, entirely, totally, simply,
ensemble. ANTONYMS: (adv)
incompletely, partially
always: (adv) continuously,
whenever, permanently, ever,
usually, eternally, unceasingly; (adj)
perpetual, still, eternal; (adj, adv)
without exception. ANTONYMS:
(adv) erratically, intermittently,
temporarily
american: (n) Missourian, Alabamian,
aboriginal, Hoosier, wolverine,
Tory, Oregonian, Ohioan,
northerner, American English,
Nebraskan
among: (prep) between, amidst, mid,
in, amongst, in the middle of, inter,
in the midst of, with, within, middle.
ANTONYM: (prep) outside
A Modest Proposal
annual: (adj, v) yearly; (n) yearbook,
magazine, ephemeris, flora, annals,
periodical; (adj, n) annuary; (adj)
anniversary, etesian, yearlong.
ANTONYMS: (adj) biennial,
perennial
annually: (adv) each year, every year,
per annum, anniversarily, by year, a
year, per year, periodically
another: (adj) second, more,
alternative, additional, new, further,
fresh, extra; (adj, v) other; (adj, pron)
some other; (n) the other.
ANTONYMS: (n, pron) same
answer: (n, v) respond, retort; (v)
counter, serve, resolve,
acknowledge, correspond; (n)
solution, defence, return, reaction.
ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v)
ask, differ, fail, ignore; (n) request,
problem, invitation, poison
appear: (v) occur, seem, sound, come
out, turn up, show, emerge, break,
arrive, feel, arise. ANTONYMS: (v)
vanish, hide, stop, sink, recede, go,
depart
appointed: (adj) specified,
prescribed, destined, ordained, fit,
set, fitted, commissioned,
nominated, designated; (v) appoint
apprehend: (v) arrest, comprehend,
grasp, catch, understand, fathom,
realize, sense, follow, nail; (adj, v)
conceive. ANTONYMS: (v)
misunderstand, discharge, free,
liberate
arms: (n) armament, coat of arms,
weaponry, ammunition, shield,
ordnance, order, munition,
hardware, blazon; (adj) armed
arrive: (n, v) come, appear; (v)
mature, reach, attain, succeed, turn
up, land, fall, get in, show.
ANTONYMS: (v) go, depart, fail,
fall, lose, exit
artificially: (adv) synthetically,
factitiously, affectedly, contrivedly,
insincerely, unreally, feignedly,
falsely, fictitiously, artfully,
counterfeitly. ANTONYM: (adv)
naturally
assured: (adj, v) certain, sure; (adj)
confident, guaranteed, positive,
definite, assertive, confirmed,
convinced, reliable, safe.
ANTONYMS: (adj) uncertain,
doubtful, unsure, troubled, timid,
questionable, hesitant, confused,
halting, unlikely
attempt: (n, v) endeavor, offer,
struggle, assay, essay, attack; (n)
effort, trial; (v) undertake, chance,
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aim. ANTONYMS: (n) success,
fulfillment, achievement,
accomplishment; (v) succeed, fulfill,
achieve, accomplish, perform
author: (n) writer, producer, founder,
creator, inventor, parent, originator,
architect, maker; (v) compose,
create. ANTONYM: (n) reader
avoid: (v) shun, parry, avert, escape,
evade, ward off, duck, circumvent,
prevent, ignore; (adj, v) eschew.
ANTONYMS: (v) associate, tackle,
face, validate, participate, invite,
seek, embrace, court, permit,
encourage
avoided: (adj) unpopular
away: (adj, adv) abroad, absent; (adj,
adv, int) out; (adj) distant; (adv)
aside, aloof, afar, way, by, forth;
(adv, int) off. ANTONYMS: (adj)
adjacent, neighboring, nearby, near,
close; (adv) intermittently, haltingly,
discontinuously, in
babes: (n) babies, babe
bacon: (n) Francis bacon, statesman,
solon, philosopher, lard, gammon,
livelihood, pay, middlings, Roger
bacon, salary
baked: (adj) adust, parched,
scorched, baken, heated, driest,
tempered, sunbaked, seared, arid,
drier. ANTONYMS: (adj) unbaked,
humid
bastard: (adj, n) illegitimate, fake;
(adj) spurious, phony, misbegotten,
bastardly, adulterine, impure; (n)
whoreson, love child, illegitimate
child. ANTONYM: (adj) fathered
bear: (v) accept, take, stand, acquit,
abide, allow, wear, comport,
tolerate, convey, teem.
ANTONYMS: (v) release, avoid,
destroy, dodge, take, eradicate,
evade, kill, refuse, erase; (n) bull
beat: (n, v) pulse, throb, tick, flap,
knock; (v) batter, whip, trounce,
pulsate, bat; (n) round.
ANTONYMS: (v) protect, help,
divide, cede, aid, separate,
surrender; (adj) invigorated,
energized; (n) caress, pat
become: (v) grow, suit, be, match,
come about, arise, get, sit, to
become, fall; (adj) becoming.
ANTONYMS: (v) halt, stay, lower,
stop, reduce, clash
beef: (n, v) grumble, moan, grouse,
squawk, groan; (n) complaint, ox,
fuss, beeves; (v) grouch, complain.
ANTONYMS: (n) impotence, praise;
(v) rejoice
before: (adv) ahead, ago, in front,
Jonathan Swift
previously, already, forth; (adv,
prep) fore, afore; (adj) preceding,
prior; (adj, adv) earlier.
ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) later,
behind, afterward, after; (adv)
subsequently, ahead; (adj)
subsequent
begging: (n) mendicancy, request,
plea; (v) asking, beg; (adj)
beseeching, entreating, mendicant,
imploring, suppliant, vagabond
believe: (n) belief, believing; (v)
assume, conceive, consider, reckon,
guess, accredit, to believe,
understand; (n, v) trust.
ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, doubt,
question, suspect, reject, discredit,
deny, despair
beneficial: (adj) favorable, fruitful,
handy, profitable, useful, expedient,
propitious, productive, healthy,
conducive, good. ANTONYMS:
(adj) useless, disadvantageous,
harmful, unhelpful, unhealthy,
unprofitable, destructive,
detrimental, inauspicious, negative,
unfortunate
bent: (adj) curved, arched, deformed,
crooked; (n) propensity, inclination,
fancy, leaning, flair, gift, curvature.
ANTONYMS: (n) weakness,
inability, aversion; (adj)
undetermined, undecided,
uncurved, uncaring, rigid, unbent
besides: (adv) as well, moreover, too,
furthermore, again, as well as,
anyway, additionally; (prep) apart
from, beside; (adj, adv) more
best: (adj, n) supreme, most, elite;
(adj) superior, great, leading, choice,
superlative; (v) beat, outdo; (adj, n,
v) top. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) worst;
(v) lose, surrender; (adj) minimum,
lowest, least, inferior, incorrect,
fewest; (n) loser; (adv) insincerely
better: (adj, v) improve, mend; (adj,
adv, v) best; (v) recover, ameliorate,
emend, reform, advance, enhance,
surpass; (n) bettor. ANTONYMS:
(adj, adv) worse; (adj, n) inferior; (v)
worsen, deteriorate; (adj) lesser,
lower, tinier, ill, unhealthy, smaller,
sicker
black: (adj) sable, dark, ebony,
colored, bleak, dirty, evil, nigger,
darkie, unclean; (adj, n) blackamoor.
ANTONYMS: (v) whiten; (adj)
spotless, snowy, saintly, pale,
optimistic, merry, light, angelic,
ivory, bright
bodies: (n) people, public
body: (n) cadaver, corpse,
organization, cluster, set, carcass,
figure, consistency, aggregate,
association; (adj, n) mass.
ANTONYMS: (n) handful, mind,
minority, soul, few
boiled: (adj) intoxicated, poached,
stewed; (v) sodden
bold: (adj) adventurous, audacious,
manly, arrogant, intrepid, fearless,
spirited, heroic, daring, courageous,
stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) timid,
modest, afraid, meek, shy, light,
courteous, discreet, faint, fearful,
abashed
boots: (n) Bootes, bell boy, bootblack,
counterjumper, boy, shoeblack,
footwear
bordering: (adj) abutting, adjoining,
conterminous, contiguous, frontier,
next, neighboring, nearby, near,
approximate, fringent
born: (adj) native, natural, congenital,
inbred, inborn, innate, inherent,
untutored; (v) be born, to be born,
arise. ANTONYMS: (adj) learned,
unborn, acquired, trained
breast: (n) boob, udder, tit, titty,
chest, knocker, mammilla, bust, pap,
heart; (n, v) front
breed: (n) variety, race, kind,
ancestry, sort, order, species; (v)
engender, multiply, beget, bear.
ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, eradicate,
ignore, kill, neglect, quell
brevity: (n) briefness, shortness,
succinctness, transience, terseness,
abruptness, crispness, duration,
economy, length, brevities.
ANTONYMS: (n) lengthiness,
length
bring: (v) convey, get, take, bear,
carry, put, conduct, return, reduce,
set, bring in. ANTONYMS: (v) drop,
free, leave, lose, remove, avoid
build: (n, v) make, shape; (v) erect,
establish, raise, rise, found, base,
fabricate, fashion; (n) frame.
ANTONYMS: (v) destroy,
dismantle, raze, overturn, obliterate,
decrease, decelerate, ruin,
disassemble
bulk: (n) size, mass, volume,
majority, amount, capacity,
quantity, dimension, magnitude,
thickness; (adj, n) lump.
ANTONYMS: (n) minority,
lightness
burden: (n, v) bother, weight, pack,
burthen, trouble, clog, strain; (n)
anxiety, bale, responsibility; (v)
afflict. ANTONYMS: (v) relieve,
lighten, free, disburden, alleviate,
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relax; (n, v) help; (n) tranquility,
relaxation, peace, pleasure
buying: (n) purchasing, buy,
purchase, business, shopping,
import, export, transaction,
ownership, patronage, sale
calculate: (v) estimate, compute, add,
account, appraise, gauge, cipher,
reckon, enumerate, forecast, guess.
ANTONYMS: (v) suppose, doubt,
estimate
calf: (n) calves, calfskin, sura, foal,
shorthorn, pup, kitten, colt, leather,
kid, box calf
came: (v) arrive, come
carcass: (n) body, frame, corpse,
cadaver, framework, shell, carrion,
remains, dead body, skeleton, bomb
care: (adj, n, v) anxiety; (n, v)
attention, charge, worry; (n) caution,
bother, concern, apprehension, aid,
custody; (v) attend. ANTONYMS:
(n) carelessness, recklessness,
thoughtlessness, rashness,
negligence, vagueness, unconcern;
(n, v) disregard, dislike; (v) loathe,
abhor
cattle: (n) stock, cows, neat, bull, beef,
bovine, livestock, ox, kine, cow,
oxen
cautious: (adj) guarded, conservative,
prudent, watchful, attentive,
reserved, shy, provident, judicious,
circumspect, chary. ANTONYMS:
(adj) rash, open, impulsive,
impetuous, careless, irresponsible,
wasteful, incautious, thoughtless,
imprudent, unwary
censure: (n, v) accuse, reprimand,
reproach, attack, animadversion,
abuse; (n) accusation,
condemnation; (v) carp, condemn,
berate. ANTONYMS: (v) approve,
commend, allow, endorse, laud,
permit, sanction; (n) approval,
blessing, commendation; (n, v)
compliment
certain: (adj) definite, sure, assured,
absolute, reliable, indisputable,
dependable, unquestionable,
undeniable, unavoidable,
unequivocal. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unsure, doubtful, questionable,
hesitant, debatable, erratic, faulty,
indistinct, vague, doubting,
undecided
certainly: (adv) assuredly, definitely,
positively, clearly, necessarily,
undoubtedly, actually, securely,
confidently, absolutely; (adj, adv)
really. ANTONYMS: (adv)
doubtfully, possibly, equivocally,
16
perhaps
chair: (n, v) chairman; (n) bench,
president, chairperson, throne,
couch, armchair, electric chair,
chairwoman; (v) moderate, lead
charge: (n, v) blame, care, burden,
commission, command, attack, bill,
load, tax; (n) accusation; (v) bid.
ANTONYMS: (v) request, discharge,
plead, beg, compensate, aid, credit,
calm; (n, v) retreat, absolve, unload
charity: (n) dole, favor, aid, liberality,
generosity, kindness, alms, mercy,
virtue; (v) almsgiving; (adj, n)
brotherly love. ANTONYMS: (n)
intolerance, meanness, unkindness,
cruelty, malice, stinginess,
cheapness, nastiness, inhumanity
cheap: (adj) tacky, low, stingy, base,
flashy, worthless, sleazy, shabby,
niggardly, mean, economical.
ANTONYMS: (adj) expensive,
costly, tasteful, generous, luxurious,
quality, noble, inflated, precious,
dear, steep
cheat: (n, v) trick, con, fake, sham; (n)
fraud, bilk, impostor; (v) defraud,
beguile, betray, fleece.
ANTONYMS: (v) support, repay,
help, contribute, aid
child: (n) baby, babe, bairn, infant,
kid, toddler, tot, girl, brat, juvenile,
minor. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor,
parent
children: (n) child, offspring,
descendant, family, seed, boy,
babies, descendants, birth, relatives,
people
chosen: (adj, n) elect; (adj) preferred,
select, favored, named; (adj, v)
designate, desired, designated; (n)
deary, ducky, dearie. ANTONYMS:
(adj) ignored, involuntary
circulate: (v) broadcast, circle,
disseminate, disperse, distribute,
propagate, circularize, mobilize,
diffuse, proclaim, issue.
ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide,
block, withhold, concentrate
circumstance: (n) affair, incident,
matter, event, occasion, chance,
accident, opportunity, adventure,
casualty, fact
city: (adj) municipal, urban, civic,
public; (n) borough, the City, burgh,
village, metropolis, municipality,
state. ANTONYMS: (adj) suburban,
country, private
cold: (n) chilliness, chill; (adj) chilly,
frigid, distant, indifferent, aloof,
callous, icy, apathetic, impassive.
ANTONYMS: (adj) warm, friendly,
A Modest Proposal
hot, prepared, burning, affectionate,
loving, soporific, fervid; (n) heat,
warmth
collateral: (n) warranty, guarantee,
mortgage, guaranty, security,
pledge, bond; (adj) secondary,
indirect, oblique, subsidiary.
ANTONYMS: (adj) primary, chief,
fundamental, principal, lineal
commodity: (n) article, product,
object, thing, good, goods, stuff,
wares, ware, basic, item
common: (adj) coarse, mutual,
vulgar, mean, mediocre, ignoble,
plebeian, base; (adj, n) cheap,
habitual; (adj, n, v) usual.
ANTONYMS: (adj) uncommon,
rare, unusual, characteristic, specific,
unique, extraordinary, exclusive,
aristocratic, infrequent, refined
comparable: (adj) analogous,
corresponding, alike,
commensurate, similar, same, equal,
equivalent, parallel, akin; (v)
allusive. ANTONYMS: (adj)
dissimilar, incomparable, unworthy,
unlike, unequal, unalike
computation: (n, v) calculation,
estimation, reckoning; (n) compute,
estimate, account, arithmetic,
figuring, count, computing; (v)
enumeration. ANTONYMS: (n)
guesswork, guessing, conjecture,
estimation
compute: (v) cipher, count, measure,
account, cast, enumerate, gauge,
add, reckon, assess, tally.
ANTONYMS: (v) guess, suppose,
surmise, estimate
conceived: (adj) formed
concern: (adj, n, v) worry; (n, v)
interest, care, affect, regard, trouble,
bother; (n) affair, attention, matter,
anxiety. ANTONYMS: (n)
reassurance, negligence,
unresponsiveness, calmness,
coldness, detachment, pleasure,
confidence, recklessness, serenity,
thoughtlessness
condition: (n) position, status,
provision, standing, clause,
circumstances, term, predicament,
rank; (n, v) aspect; (v) provide.
ANTONYMS: (v) disqualify; (n)
option
confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit,
avow; (v) concede, profess,
recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal,
receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress,
hide, dispute, conceal, repress,
harbor
confessed: (adj) known
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confined: (adj) limited, cramped,
imprisoned, bounded, enclosed,
restricted, narrow, constrained,
strict; (adj, v) close, invalided.
ANTONYMS: (adj) liberated,
invasive, roomy, unconfined,
unlimited, open, spacious, general
conscience: (n) moral sense,
Conscience money, sense of right
and wrong, scruple, intention,
tender conscience, small voice,
principles, morals, morality, inward
monitor. ANTONYM: (n)
indifference
consequently: (adv) therefore,
subsequently, as a result, then,
sequentially, followingly, so,
naturally, in consequence, hence;
(conj) ergo
consider: (v) think, regard, view,
cogitate, deliberate, calculate,
conceive, reckon, reflect, assume; (n,
v) study. ANTONYMS: (v)
disregard, forget, discard, doubt,
reject, nevermind, dismiss, abandon,
leave, decide, overlook
considerable: (adj, v) important,
influential; (adj) large, ample,
substantial, significant, sizable,
great, momentous, consequential,
meaningful. ANTONYMS: (adj)
insignificant, faint, trivial, slight,
paltry, imperceptible, unnoticeable,
little, inconsiderable, unimportant,
subtle
consideration: (n, v) respect, regard,
care, account, condition; (n)
reflection, thought, attention,
cogitation, conception,
thoughtfulness. ANTONYMS: (n)
impulsiveness, inconsideration,
inattention, cruelty, rashness,
unconcern, heedlessness, disregard,
negligence, neglect, insensitivity
consistence: (n) thickness, body,
coherence, consistency, viscosity,
hardness, uniformness, property,
density, solidity; (adj) spissitude.
ANTONYM: (n) inconsistency
constant: (adj) ceaseless, perpetual,
continual, faithful, changeless,
steadfast, eternal, uninterrupted,
continuous; (adj, n) steady,
invariable. ANTONYMS: (adj)
irregular, intermittent, changeable,
variable, inconstant, erratic,
episodic, fickle, temporary, disloyal,
inconsistent
continual: (adj, adv) constant; (adj)
ceaseless, incessant, endless,
continuous, frequent, everlasting,
uninterrupted, perpetual,
Jonathan Swift
unrelenting, perennial.
ANTONYMS: (adj) sporadic,
temporary, occasional, finite,
inconstant, infrequent, ending,
ceasing, halting, rare, acute
continuance: (n) duration, abidance,
existence, endurance, protraction,
adjournment, resumption,
prolongation, time, standing,
perseverance. ANTONYMS: (n)
discontinuation, destruction
contradiction: (n) antithesis, denial,
repugnance, clash, disproof,
contrast, opposite, disagreement,
paradox, inconsistency, reverse.
ANTONYMS: (n) correspondence,
confirmation, consistency,
reinforcement, concord
contrary: (adj, n) contradictory,
reverse; (adj) adverse, conflicting,
unfavorable, perverse, cross,
disobedient, alien, different,
obstinate. ANTONYMS: (adj)
similar, harmonious, helpful,
obliging, compatible, complaisant,
concordant, parallel, agreeable,
cooperative, favorable
contribute: (v) bring, bestow,
administer, aid, impart, supply,
provide, afford, endow, lead; (adj, v)
tend. ANTONYMS: (v) hurt, harm,
detract, counteract, minus, neglect,
subtract, withhold, refrain, leave,
refuse
contrive: (v) plan, invent, design,
concoct, devise, cast, concert,
excogitate, frame, formulate; (n, v)
manage. ANTONYMS: (v)
demolish, destroy, ruin, waste,
wreck, fail
convenient: (adj) comfortable,
commodious, handy, appropriate,
expedient, timely, fit, useful, nearby,
opportune; (adj, n) advantageous.
ANTONYMS: (adj) unwieldy, fixed,
useless, distant, troublesome,
unsuited, remote, unsuitable,
unadaptable, unuseful,
inappropriate
conversation: (n) talk, conference,
communication, colloquy,
confabulation, discussion, language,
discourse, speech, talking, palaver
cook: (v) boil, prepare, brew, bake,
make, stew, simmer, grill, falsify,
concoct; (n) chef
corn: (n) clavus, cereals, Zea Mays,
callus, wheat, Indian corn, callosity,
grain; (v) feed, keep; (adj, n)
commonplace
countries: (n) country
country: (n) nation, home, land,
place, area, territory,
commonwealth, soil, kingdom,
realm; (adj) rustic. ANTONYMS:
(adj) urban, metropolitan; (adj, n)
city; (n) metropolis
county: (n) canton, state, area,
country, shire, commune,
arrondissement, district, mofussil,
precinct, realm
couple: (v) connect, associate,
combine, attach, copulate, join, tie,
mate; (adj, n) brace; (n, v) yoke; (n)
duo. ANTONYMS: (v) separate,
unhook, detach, disconnect, divide,
unbuckle, undo; (n) individual,
single
course: (n, v) stream, flow; (n)
bearing, route, career, track, path,
road, channel; (adj, n) current; (v)
chase. ANTONYM: (v) trickle
court: (n) forum, bar, close, field,
tribunal, passage, judicatory, judge;
(v) romance, attract; (n, v) invite.
ANTONYMS: (v) shun, reject,
ignore, spurn, disregard, discourage
cover: (n, v) coat, top, conceal, screen,
cloak, veil, shield, spread; (v) bury;
(n) blanket, binding. ANTONYMS:
(v) reveal, expose, uncover, exclude,
ignore, abandon, strip, free, forget,
omit; (n) exposure
cows: (n) cattle, cow, bull, ox, oxen,
Bos Taurus, bullock, beef, Cowes,
steer, milker
crowded: (adj) compact, congested,
full, packed, busy, dense, populous,
jammed, cramped, tight; (adj, n)
thronged. ANTONYMS: (adj)
sparse, deserted, uncrowded, loose
crown: (n, v) top, cover; (v) cap,
complete; (n) apex, pinnacle, crest,
summit, peak, kingdom, acme.
ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom; (v)
dishonor, dethrone, begin,
commence, start, depose
cruelty: (n) brutality, cruelness,
oppression, barbarity, ferociousness,
tyranny, violence, atrocity, ferocity,
mercilessness, harshness.
ANTONYMS: (n) compassion,
gentleness, friendliness, humanity,
benevolence, sensitivity, liberty,
decency
cultivate: (v) civilize, educate, train,
produce, polish, farm, crop,
develop, domesticate, raise; (adj, v)
promote. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect,
sterilize, brutalize, stunt, retard,
pollute, ignore, harm, discourage
curate: (n) rector, clergyman,
minister, chaplain, pastor,
Stipendiary curate, priest, vicar,
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incumbent, reverend, canon
curing: (n) hardening, ageing, drying,
rectification, vulcanization,
preservation; (adj) curative,
remedial, corrective, comforting,
medicinal
custom: (n) habit, convention, usage,
practice, consuetude, fashion,
method, mores; (n, v) use, accustom;
(adj) bespoke. ANTONYMS: (n) fad,
innovation, phenomenon, rage,
rarity
customers: (n) trade
dainty: (adj, v) nice; (adj, n, v)
delicacy; (adj) fastidious, savory,
tasteful, squeamish, particular,
mincing, refined; (adj, n) tidbit; (n)
luxury. ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse,
vulgar, rough, inelegant, harsh,
gross, awkward, accepting, heavy,
careless, thick
danger: (n) risk, peril, hazard, chance,
jeopardy, threat, trouble,
precariousness, slipperiness,
disaster, insecurity. ANTONYMS:
(n) security, ease, privilege
dangerous: (adj, n) critical; (adj)
severe, serious, grave, adventurous,
unhealthy, precarious, hazardous,
perilous, threatening, chancy.
ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, secure,
protected, unhazardous, slight,
weak, harmless, friendly, favorable,
calm, pleasant
dealing: (n, v) trade; (n) transaction,
deal, exchange, business, concern,
traffic, conduct, handling, dealings,
distribution
dear: (adj, adv) close, near; (adj, n)
darling; (adj) costly, expensive,
lovely, precious, affectionate,
adorable, cherished; (n) love.
ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless,
inexpensive, valueless, despised,
modest, loathed, hateful, distant; (n)
rival, foe, enemy
death: (n) expiration, end, close, exit,
fate, mortality, departure, cessation,
decease, dissolution; (adj) quietus.
ANTONYMS: (n) existence,
delivery, living, nascency, being,
survival, life, beginning
debt: (n) score, debit, loan, liability,
obligation, due, bill, commitment,
arrears, pocket, hole. ANTONYMS:
(n) asset, cash, credit
deer: (n) caribou, buck, fawn, stag,
reynard, brocket, cervid, ruminant,
roe, roebuck, hart
deference: (n) homage, respect,
compliance, admiration, allegiance,
reverence, obedience, submission,
18
compliancy, duty, complaisance.
ANTONYMS: (n) contempt,
opposition, rebellion, resistance,
disobedience
degree: (n) extent, level, condition,
title, rank, academic degree, place,
caliber, status, stair; (adj, n) order
delicious: (adj, v) delicate; (adj)
tasteful, pleasing, delightful,
appetizing, agreeable, sweet,
toothsome, savory, enjoyable,
dainty. ANTONYMS: (adj) tasteless,
distasteful, yucky, unsavory,
unpleasant, unappetizing, revolting,
nauseating, inedible, gross, dry
deliver: (v) consign, bear, carry, save,
rescue, abandon, send, pronounce,
hand over, bring; (adj, v) utter.
ANTONYMS: (v) capture, confine,
imprison, hold, oppress, enslave,
restrain, retain, collect, withhold,
shackle
demand: (v) ask, require, ask for, beg;
(n, v) need, request, command,
appeal, requisition, sale; (n)
requirement. ANTONYMS: (v)
grant, offer, obviate, give, eliminate,
cede, beg, present, request; (n)
response, plea
deny: (v) controvert, rebuff,
contradict, disavow, gainsay, reject,
oppose, refuse, disown, abnegate,
renounce. ANTONYMS: (v) affirm,
claim, acknowledge, declare,
maintain, agree, spoil, accept,
accede, allow, argue
deplorable: (adj) sad, wretched,
criminal, calamitous, abominable,
pitiful, lamentable, miserable,
regrettable, sorry; (adj, v) woeful.
ANTONYMS: (adj) acceptable,
pleasing, laudable, happy, cheerful,
admirable, agreeable, excellent,
fortunate, praiseworthy
deserve: (v) rate, warrant, gain, earn,
to deserve, demand, justify, bear; (n,
v) reward; (n) richly deserve, worth
deserving: (adj) meritorious,
admirable, creditable,
commendable, laudable, fit, good,
deserved, condign; (v) deserve,
worthy of. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unworthy, undeserving,
unimpressive
design: (n, v) purpose, aim, scheme,
sketch, conceive; (n) conception,
drawing, device, idea, arrangement;
(v) contrive. ANTONYMS: (n)
chance, fortuity, accident,
destruction; (v) improvise
desire: (n) ambition, aspiration,
craving, dream; (adv, n, v) will; (n,
A Modest Proposal
v) fancy, wish, aim; (v) want, aspire,
seek. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike,
hate; (n) aversion, reality, revulsion,
apathy; (v) spurn, abhor, answer,
command, insist
desired: (adj) coveted, desirable,
favorite, wanted, welcome, needed,
beloved, required, most wanted;
(adj, v) chosen; (v) consenting
despairing: (adj) hopeless, desperate,
despondent, forlorn, desolate,
dejected, pessimistic, sad,
brokenhearted, miserable,
inconsolable. ANTONYMS: (adj)
hopeful, optimistic, rosy, happy,
confident, cheerful
desponding: (adj) despairing,
despondent
destroyed: (adj) ruined, lost, desolate,
shattered, desolated, broken,
depressed, dead, damaged, undone,
fallen. ANTONYMS: (adj)
preserved, living
destruction: (n, v) defeat; (n) death,
ruin, collapse, demolition,
devastation, downfall, abolition,
damage, desolation, end.
ANTONYMS: (n) preservation,
protection, creation, reparation,
formation, conservation, restoration,
building, help, making, order
devoured: (adj) eaten up
differ: (v) disagree, contradict, clash,
diverge, deviate, depart, difference,
discrepancy, conflict, vary, contrast.
ANTONYMS: (v) correspond,
concur, conform, match, resemble,
harmonize, equal, consent, accord,
accede, support
dine: (v) feed, lunch, breakfast,
dining, meal, give, have supper,
take tea, grub, consume, entertain.
ANTONYM: (v) abstain
disagreeable: (adj) nasty, offensive,
uncomfortable, distasteful,
cantankerous, cross, ungrateful,
abhorrent, horrible, bad, painful.
ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasant,
friendly, amiable, inoffensive,
acceptable, desirable, easygoing,
happy, pleasing, sweet, nice
disease: (n, v) ailment; (n) illness,
sickness, condition, complaint,
affection, ill, disorder, affliction,
bug; (adj, n) infirmity. ANTONYM:
(n) health
diseased: (adj) bad, ailing, sickly,
unsound, sick, ill, unhealthy,
pathological, infected,
unwholesome, infirm. ANTONYMS:
(adj) well, fit
dish: (n) basin, disk, plate, meal,
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platter, food, saucer, beauty, meat,
repast; (n, v) hollow
dishes: (n) food, meal, crockery,
dinner service, dishware, menu,
plates
dislike: (n) disapproval, disaffection,
antipathy, disdain, disfavor,
revulsion; (n, v) hate, disinclination,
aversion, distaste; (v) detest.
ANTONYMS: (n) liking, fondness,
taste, attraction, enjoyment,
preference, longing; (v) like, enjoy,
approve, adore
disobliging: (adj) unobliging, harsh,
uncooperative, unwilling, offensive,
not ready to give a hand, awkward,
unhelpful, contrary, disagreeable,
ill-natured. ANTONYMS: (adj)
obliging, agreeable, polite, pleasant,
courteous, mannered, civil, helpful,
cooperative
disposed: (adj) prone, apt, ready,
subject, prepared, liable, game,
inclined, fain, likely, minded.
ANTONYMS: (adj) ailing,
indisposed, unlikely, disinclined,
reluctant, impervious
distress: (n, v) pain, torment, trouble,
concern, torture, upset, worry; (n)
anguish, agony; (adj, n) difficulty,
grief. ANTONYMS: (n, v) comfort;
(v) please, soothe, relieve; (n) peace,
encouragement,
straightforwardness, solace,
relieving, relief, prosperity
doubt: (n, v) suspicion, question,
query, dispute; (n) disbelief,
misgiving, incertitude,
apprehension, uncertainty; (adj, n)
skepticism; (v) suspect.
ANTONYMS: (n) certainty,
confidence, conclusiveness, belief,
certitude, faith, approval; (v) accept,
believe, consider, swallow
dressed: (adj) attired, clad, garbed,
appareled, spruced up, spiffed up,
covered, polished, garmented; (v)
clothed, habited
dressing: (n) bandage, stuffing,
fertilization, binding, bandaging,
scolding, fertilizer, manure,
compress, preparation, farce
dublin: (n) Irish capital, capital of
Ireland
during: (prep) within, on, by, of, for,
pending, inside; (adv) whilst, while;
(adj) throughout; (n) at.
ANTONYM: (prep) out
dying: (n) death, demise, decease,
mortality; (adj) vanishing,
moribund, last, final, ultimate,
failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj)
Jonathan Swift
thriving, well, opening, aborning,
developing, flourishing, growing,
reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth
earlier: (adj) past, former, previous,
advance, preceding; (adj, adv)
antecedent; (adv) formerly,
beforehand, ahead, anterior, before
now. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) later;
(adj) subsequent, present, following;
(adv) subsequently, afterward
earnestly: (adj, adv) seriously; (adv)
eagerly, intently, zealously,
solemnly, ardently, fervently,
heartily, gravely, warmly,
passionately. ANTONYMS: (adv)
indifferently, insincerely,
unconcernedly, jokingly
earth: (n) world, dust, ground, land,
lair, dry land, terra firma, clay,
creation, ball, country
ease: (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve,
allay; (n) convenience, rest, leisure,
relief, satisfaction; (adj, v) facilitate;
(n, v) relax. ANTONYMS: (n)
discomfort, formality,
awkwardness, worry, toil, problem,
pain, maladroitness; (v) aggravate,
worsen, impede
easy: (adj) convenient, gentle,
familiar, graceful, at ease, light,
lenient, clear, contented, cozy; (adj,
adv) soft. ANTONYMS: (adj)
arduous, laborious, demanding,
hard, strenuous, particular,
burdensome, tough, uneasy,
awkward, testing
eating: (n) ingestion, intake, feeding,
browsing, banqueting, food,
lunching, supping, pica, repletion;
(v) eat
effect: (n, prep) consequence; (v)
accomplish, achieve, bring about,
create, complete, cause, do; (n)
product, sequel; (n, v) result.
ANTONYMS: (n) reason, cause; (v)
impede, fail
effectual: (adj, n) efficient,
efficacious, able; (adj) forceful,
telling, authoritative, operative,
potent, adequate, impressive,
powerful. ANTONYMS: (adj)
ineffectual, incapable, weak,
impotent, ineffective, unproductive,
unsuccessful, useless
eight: (n) eighter, eleven, nine, ten,
team, queen, ogdoad, octonary,
octet, ace, octad
eighty: (n) four score
either: (adj) whatever; (adv) too, also,
neither, besides, likewise; (n) or;
(det) any; (conj) other
eminent: (adj) high, celebrated,
elevated, brilliant, illustrious, noble,
big, famous, renowned,
conspicuous, dignified.
ANTONYMS: (adj) undistinguished,
obscure, low, unremarkable,
common, uncelebrated,
unimportant, insignificant, humble,
ordinary
emperor: (n) sovereign, ruler,
monarch, imperator, mikado, king,
Saturnia pavonia, crowned head,
emperors, protector, saturniid
employ: (v) use, apply, exploit,
consume, wield, hire, engage,
exercise, work, busy, utilize.
ANTONYMS: (v) fire, dismiss, can,
ignore, misuse, sack, underuse; (n)
unemployment
emulation: (n) mimicry, rivalry,
contest, simulation, contention,
strife, conflict, ambition, emulate,
compete, imitating
encouraged: (adj) optimistic,
confident, enthused, expectant,
inspired, pleased, positive,
stimulated, stirred, moved.
ANTONYM: (adj) pessimistic
enforced: (adj) required, obligatory,
compulsory, applied, compelled,
binding, essential, requisite,
necessary, mandatory, legal.
ANTONYMS: (adj) optional,
unenforced, voluntary
england: (n) Britain, British, UK,
United Kingdom, Albion, British
Empire
entertainment: (n) distraction,
diversion, enjoyment, show,
pleasure, recreation, fun, reception,
pastime; (adj, n) party; (n, v)
regalement. ANTONYMS: (n) job,
boredom, discomfort
entirely: (adv) fully, absolutely,
utterly, wholly, altogether, all,
thoroughly, perfectly, clean, solely;
(adj, adv) completely. ANTONYMS:
(adv) partially, incompletely,
unenthusiastically, hardly, slightly,
somewhat
enumerated: (adj) detailed
episcopal: (adj) pontifical, bishoplike,
clerical, episcoparian
equally: (adv) evenly, equivalently,
levelly, alike, justly, as, parallelly,
uniformly, similarly; (adj, adv, conj)
as well; (adj) even. ANTONYMS:
(adv) unevenly, individually,
differently, unfairly
especially: (adv) particularly, chiefly,
expressly, peculiarly, specifically,
above all, exceedingly, principally,
exceptionally, extraordinarily,
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unusually. ANTONYMS: (adv)
unexceptionally, customarily,
usually, commonly, frequently,
generally
esteem: (n) deference, admiration; (n,
v) respect, value, consideration,
account; (v) appreciate, deem, adore,
admire, count. ANTONYMS: (v)
scorn, hate, disdain, insult, despise,
abominate, abhor, dislike, reject; (n)
disesteem, disapproval
ever: (adj, adv) always, continually;
(adj) constantly, still, forever; (adv)
never, e'er, before, once, perpetually;
(n) Evers. ANTONYM: (adv)
erratically
every: (adj) each, total, whole, any,
thorough; (n) everybody, everyone,
everything; (adv) apiece, either;
(pron) every one
evils: (n) mala
exact: (adj, n) correct; (v) demand,
claim, command, ask; (n, v) require;
(adj, v) close, direct; (adj) precise,
detailed, faithful. ANTONYMS:
(adj) wrong, vague, imprecise,
approximate, inexact, rough,
careless, thoughtless, indeterminate;
(v) tender, give
exactly: (adv) correctly, punctually,
rightly, accurately, strictly, perfectly,
definitely, directly, truly, right,
absolutely. ANTONYMS: (adv)
inaccurately, randomly, figuratively,
wrongly, vaguely, roughly,
inexactly, indirectly, imprecisely,
around; (adv, prep) about
exceeding: (prep) beyond, more than,
greater than; (adj) excessive,
transcendent, extraordinary,
exceptional, prodigious, surpassing,
Olympian; (v) exceed
excellent: (adj, n) estimable, worthy,
capital; (adj) superior, admirable,
beautiful, distinctive, superb, great,
good, splendid. ANTONYMS: (adj)
poor, abysmal, awful, mediocre,
terrible, imperfect, inadequate,
middling, shoddy, bad, used
except: (adj, conj, prep) save; (v)
exclude, demur, omit, elide; (adv,
conj, prep) but; (adv, prep) besides;
(prep) excepting, excluding, aside
from; (conj, n) without.
ANTONYMS: (prep) including; (v)
receive, admit
exchange: (n, v) barter, interchange,
swap, counterchange, switch,
substitute; (n) commutation; (v)
commute, alternate, alter, convert.
ANTONYMS: (n) holding, keeping;
(v) keep
20
executioner: (n) killer, murderer,
hangman, headsman,
electrocutioner, executor, tormentor,
executer, public executioner,
slaughterer, slayer
exercise: (n, v) employ, practice, use,
discipline; (v) apply, train, exert; (n)
employment, application, play,
movement. ANTONYMS: (n) avoid,
idleness, inactiveness, inactivity,
work; (v) ignore, neglect, overlook,
perform, conserve
expected: (adj) likely, expect,
predictable, prospective,
anticipated, usual, conventional,
intended, due, assumed, hoped-for.
ANTONYMS: (adj) unusual,
surprising, unconventional,
unexpected, unlikely, exceptional
expedient: (adj) fit, advisable,
becoming, desirable, adequate, apt,
convenient, suitable; (n) contrivance,
resource, artifice. ANTONYMS:
(adj) inappropriate, inexpedient,
impractical, futile, detrimental,
inconvenient, foolish
expensive: (adj) sumptuous, dear,
luxurious, lovely, extravagant,
valuable, lavish, darling, beloved,
overpriced, high-priced.
ANTONYMS: (adj) cheap,
reasonable, inexpensive, worthless,
economical, plain, shabby
expensiveness: (n) dearness,
sumptuosity, sumptuousness, cost,
luxury, lavishness
experience: (v) endure, suffer,
examine, meet, live, know, receive;
(adj, v) see; (n) event, episode,
happening. ANTONYMS: (n)
inexperience, greenness, naivete,
inability, ignorance
exportation: (n) exporting,
mercantilism, emission, ejection,
rejection, expulsion, effusion,
commercialism; (v) importation,
transportation, transport
extent: (n) extension, amplitude,
bulk, amount, ambit, compass,
boundary, scope; (n, v) area,
expanse; (adj, n) distance.
ANTONYMS: (n) weakness,
mildness, scarcity
fair: (adj) clear, beautiful, sweet,
reasonable, dispassionate, average,
fine, impartial; (adj, v) bright; (adj,
adv) clean; (n) blonde.
ANTONYMS: (adj) biased, unjust,
exceptional, dark, partial,
mismatched, unwarranted, foul,
imbalanced, prejudiced, poor
families: (n) family
A Modest Proposal
family: (adj, n) household, descent,
home; (n) name, genus, house,
people, breed, brood, kin, lineage
famine: (n) scarcity, shortage,
privation, deficiency, deficit,
starvation, drought, hunger,
poverty, penury, failure.
ANTONYMS: (n) abundance,
plenty, glut, feast, bounty, excess
famous: (adj) celebrated, splendid,
distinguished, renowned,
illustrious, famed, capital,
prominent, well-known, fine,
stunning. ANTONYMS: (adj)
infamous, ordinary, anonymous,
insignificant, obscure, inglorious,
undistinguished
farrow: (v) pig, bear fruit, EAN, give
birth, kindle, kitten; (adj, n) brood;
(n) breed, spat, spawn, parturition
fast: (adj, v) firm; (adj) dissolute,
instant, agile, staunch, quick,
hurried, fixed, rapid; (adv) soon,
hard. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly,
loosely, sluggishly; (n) binge; (adj)
sluggish, loose, unattached,
plodding; (adj, adv) leisurely; (v)
gorge, eat
fatten: (adj, n) enrich; (adj, v) fat,
elaborate; (v) fatten up, feed, fill out;
(adj) fructify, bloom, bear fruit,
blossom, blow. ANTONYMS: (v)
undernourish, starve
fear: (n) awe, dismay, alarm, fright,
consternation, care, anguish; (n, v)
apprehension, doubt, concern,
reverence. ANTONYMS: (n)
fearlessness, reassurance,
confidence, courage, valor, calm,
boldness, security, equanimity,
peace; (v) brave
feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n)
entertainment, dinner, binge,
spread, celebration, jamboree,
carousal; (v) feed, eat. ANTONYMS:
(v) abstain, starve; (n) snack
feeding: (n) alimentation, eating,
nourishment, grazing, dining,
browsing, feed supply, banqueting,
supplying, ingestion, intake
fell: (v) cut, chop, bring down, drop,
cut down; (adj) barbarous, cruel;
(adj, v) prostrate, floor, knock down;
(n) skin. ANTONYMS: (v) construct,
erect, raise, build
female: (n) woman, girl, she, wife,
hen, spouse, squaw; (adj) feminine,
distaff, pistillate, not male.
ANTONYMS: (adj) masculine,
manly, androgynous, manlike; (n)
man, boy
fifty: (adj, n) l; (n) half a hundred,
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fifty dollar bill, cubic decimeter,
cubic decimetre
fight: (n, v) battle, dispute, contest,
quarrel, engagement, feud,
squabble, argue, struggle, clash;
(adj, n, v) brawl. ANTONYMS: (n, v)
withdrawal, retreat; (n) fear,
surrender, agreement; (v)
compromise, favor, submit
figure: (n, v) form, design, cast,
estimate, shape, image; (v) count,
cipher; (adj, n) appearance; (n)
character, cost. ANTONYM: (v)
estimate
filth: (n) grime, garbage, foulness,
impurity, soil, blot, stain, nastiness,
squalor, uncleanliness; (adj) impure.
ANTONYMS: (n) cleanliness,
luxury, loveliness
find: (v) catch, detect, encounter,
come across, feel, attain, ascertain;
(n) detection, disclosure, search,
discovery. ANTONYMS: (v)
misplace, search, fail; (n) loss
fine: (adj) delicate, dainty, agreeable,
nice, thin, elegant, capital, excellent,
brave; (n) penalty; (v) punish.
ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, thick,
wide, coarse, unsatisfactory,
substantial, wretched, unpleasant,
unimpressive, dark, cloudy
fish: (n) bird, eel, fishing, Pisces,
anchovy, chondrichthian, alewife,
shellfish; (v) seek, hunt, pursue
five: (n) fives, quintuplet, quint,
Phoebe, basketball team, fin, squad,
ace, digit; (adj, n) v; (adj) quinary
flea: (n) chamois, chigger, chigoe,
insect, frog, chigoe flea, epizoon,
goat, ectoparasite, chinch, dog flea
flesh: (adj) carnality, concupiscence;
(n) mortality, beef, form, figure,
frame, person, mankind, humanity,
meat
foal: (n) filly, pony, calf, horse, Arab,
charger, thoroughbred, racer,
palfrey, nag, jument
fond: (adj) affectionate, caring,
devoted, tender, loving, amorous,
delicate, adoring, doting, ardent,
attached. ANTONYMS: (adj)
aversion, cold, rough
food: (n, v) fare; (n) edible, board,
nourishment, diet, sustenance,
aliment, dish, foodstuff, meat,
nurture
forced: (adj) compelled, bound,
constrained, artificial, involuntary,
unnatural, forcible, farfetched,
strained, obligatory, labored.
ANTONYMS: (adj) unprovoked,
spontaneous, voluntary, natural,
Jonathan Swift
genuine, willing, optional
fore: (adv) ahead, before; (adj, adv)
forward; (n) bow, head, forefront,
stem; (adj, n) front; (adj) anterior,
foremost, frontal. ANTONYMS:
(adv) aft, behind, rear; (adj) back
foreign: (adj) extraneous, extrinsic,
alien, exterior, external, exotic,
strange, oversea, adventitious,
unfamiliar, stranger. ANTONYMS:
(adj) familiar, domestic, internal,
relevant, national, natural
formosa: (n) Taiwan
fortunately: (adv) happily,
prosperously, propitiously,
fortuitously, providentially,
successfully, auspiciously,
opportunely, felicitously, blessedly,
advantageously. ANTONYMS:
(adv) disastrously, unluckily,
inauspiciously, negatively
fortune: (n) estate, fate, fluke,
destiny, luck, accident, means,
assets, riches, abundance, doom.
ANTONYM: (n) design
fortunes: (n) adventures, fortune,
personal narrative, life, journal
found: (v) erect, build, base, form,
construct, constitute, appoint,
institute, set up, create, ground.
ANTONYMS: (v) abolish, disband;
(adj) lost
four: (n) quaternary, foursome,
tetrad, quaternion, quadruplet,
square, quarter, quad, air, age of
man; (adj, n) IV
fourteen: (adj, n) XIV
fourth: (adv) fourthly; (n) interval,
third, after part, common fraction,
fourth part, quartern, second; (adj)
quaternary
fourthly: (adv) quaternarily
freely: (adv) loosely, frankly, openly,
generously, independently,
gratuitously, voluntarily, liberally,
free, sparely; (adj, adv)
spontaneously. ANTONYMS: (adv)
reluctantly, deceitfully, accurately,
meagerly, parsimoniously, secretly,
stingily, unwillingly; (adj) restricted
french: (adj) Gallic, Frankish,
Gallican, Gallian; (v) to take French
leave; (n) Frenchman, romance
language, French people, Daniel
Chester French, profanity, the
French
frequent: (adj, v) customary, usual,
ordinary, incessant; (adj) everyday,
many, familiar, continual, habitual;
(v) patronize, haunt. ANTONYMS:
(adj) infrequent, occasional,
intermittent, spasmodic, unusual,
few; (v) shun, boycott, avoid
frequently: (adv) usually, repeatedly,
continually, generally, regularly,
habitually, ordinarily, commonly,
often, incessantly, constantly.
ANTONYMS: (adv) infrequently,
unusually, seldom, intermittently,
occasionally, spasmodically
friend: (adj, n) associate, comrade,
companion, fellow, ally; (n)
acquaintance, colleague, boyfriend,
crony, brother, mate. ANTONYMS:
(n) foe, stranger, rival, nemesis,
adversary, antagonist
friends: (n) circle, associates,
connections, links, support group,
acquaintances
fruits: (n) revenue
full: (adj, n) complete, absolute,
entire; (adj) abundant, flush, broad,
extensive, ample, total, enough; (adj,
adv, n) crowded. ANTONYMS: (adj)
lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy,
incomplete, thin, deserted, partial,
restricted, weak; (v) wane
furniture: (n) fitment, equipment,
appliance, fixture, appointments,
furnishings, goods, dresser, article
of furniture, cabinet; (v) stuff
gain: (n, v) profit, benefit, win, catch,
advance; (v) derive, earn, get, attain,
reach; (n) earnings. ANTONYMS:
(n) loss, deficit, disadvantage,
setback; (n, v) decrease; (v) reduce,
scatter, collapse
gaming: (n) play, game, diversion,
speculation, wager, frolic, bet,
gamble, recreation, vice, betting
generally: (adj, adv) usually; (adv)
commonly, broadly, regularly,
ordinarily, altogether,
approximately, generically,
normally, comprehensively,
popularly. ANTONYMS: (adv)
rarely, specifically, locally,
occasionally, particularly, unusually
gentleman: (n) gent, Mr, male,
patrician, sir, adult male, esquire,
sahib, gentlemen; (adj)
gentilhomme, gentlemanly
gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs
gibbet: (n) gallows, gallowstree,
gallous, scaffold; (v) hang, expose,
pillory, brand, stigmatize, disgrace,
string up
girl: (n) damsel, gal, lady, young
woman, maid, lass, fille, wench,
daughter, bride, virgin.
ANTONYMS: (n) son, boy
give: (v) extend, commit, donate,
endow, contribute, dispense,
deliver, convey, grant; (adj, v)
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bestow, accord. ANTONYMS: (v)
withdraw, take, withhold, retain,
receive, keep, get, hide, conceal,
starve, withstand
giving: (n) endowment, donation,
presentation, bestowal, disposal;
(adj) liberal, generous, charitable,
bighearted, big, humanitarian.
ANTONYMS: (adj) nasty,
tightfisted, malevolent, mean, stiff,
stingy
glad: (adj) jubilant, cheerful, gay,
blithe, delighted, festive, content,
delightful, genial, bright, willing.
ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy,
apologetic, dismayed, unwilling,
disappointed, sorry
gloves: (n) gauntlet, mitten, mittens,
gauntlets, scarf, ornament, handbag,
belt, batting glove, boxing glove,
baseball mitt
glutted: (adj) fleshed, fat, exceeding
demand, corpulent, fuller, overfull,
satiate, congested, blas, gorged,
replete
gone: (adj, prep) past; (adj) deceased,
bygone, departed, desperate, lost,
late; (adj, v) exhausted, extinct; (adj,
adv) absent, away. ANTONYMS:
(adj) present, remaining, found,
alive
goodness: (adj, n) generosity,
kindness, gentleness; (n) good,
excellence, benefit, virtue, worth,
morality; (adj) favor, beneficence.
ANTONYMS: (n) evil, wickedness,
badness, corruptness, bad,
immorality, corruption
goods: (n) cargo, belongings,
commodity, merchandise, product,
estate, chattels, property, wealth,
produce; (n, v) stuff
grant: (adj, v) bestow, allow, confer;
(n, v) award, gift, boon; (v) concede,
afford, admit, acknowledge; (adj, n,
v) present. ANTONYMS: (v) deny,
reject, refuse, maintain, prohibit,
disagree, retrieve, take, withhold,
withdraw
granted: (adj, v) assumed; (adj) fixed,
approved, settled, privileged, legal,
decided, acknowledged, arranged;
(v) disposed; (adv) yes
grave: (adj) solemn, serious, critical,
earnest, dangerous, sedate, sad,
grand; (adj, v) severe, acute; (v)
engrave. ANTONYMS: (adj)
frivolous, funny, cheerful, carefree,
slight, nonchalant, trivial, stable,
minor, insignificant, favorable
great: (adj) eminent, gigantic, big,
distinguished, large, extensive,
22
extreme, grand, chief, ample,
massive. ANTONYMS: (adj) awful,
insignificant, tiny, mild, poor,
minor, useless, ordinary, slight,
weak, unknown
greater: (adj) larger, more, major,
higher, superior, most, great, bigger,
increased, considerable, not
inconsiderable. ANTONYMS: (adj)
inferior, smaller, small, lower
greatly: (adv) badly, enormously,
considerably, extremely, highly,
vastly, immensely, mightily, hugely;
(adj, adv) far, deeply. ANTONYMS:
(adv) mildly, hardly, superficially,
poorly, lightly, insignificantly,
barely, moderately
grievance: (n) injustice, wrong,
grudge, affliction, protest, objection,
disaffection, discontentment,
dissatisfaction; (adj) annoyance; (adj,
n) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) justice,
praise
grievous: (adj) bitter, dolorous,
dreadful, deplorable, sad, tough,
pitiful, atrocious, regrettable,
sorrowful, sorry. ANTONYM: (adj)
successful
groat: (n) penny, doit, rap, mite,
Grote, change, denarius, farthing,
coin, stiver, pocket money
grossly: (adv) rudely, roughly,
commonly, heavily, bluntly,
disgustingly, shamefully, rankly,
totally, uncouthly, obscenely.
ANTONYM: (adv) appealingly
grow: (v) expand, advance, augment,
enlarge, come, emerge, spring,
become, farm, turn, get.
ANTONYMS: (v) decrease, weaken,
shrink, decline, drop, collapse,
struggle, wane, plummet, dwindle,
deteriorate
grown: (adj) mature, big, growed,
grown-up, developed, ripe,
grownup, fully grown, full-grown,
growth, become. ANTONYM: (adj)
unripe
growth: (n, v) increase, evolution,
augmentation; (n) gain, accretion,
enlargement, germination,
accumulation, improvement,
increment, rise. ANTONYMS: (n)
weakening, reduction, decline,
nondevelopment, shrinking,
contraction, collapse, fall, loss,
disappearance, retreat
guests: (n) guest, visitors
half: (adj) moiety, part, short,
defective; (n) semi, mediety, halve,
division, piece, first half; (adv)
partly. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) all;
A Modest Proposal
(adj) fully, complete
handicraft: (n) craft, handcraft,
handiwork, mystery, occupation,
handwork, trade, art, profession,
artifice, job
happily: (adv) fortunately, joyously,
joyfully, merrily, luckily, gladly,
blissfully, cheerfully, felicitously,
providentially, successfully.
ANTONYMS: (adv) miserably,
unhappily, sadly, unfortunately,
unsuccessfully, reluctantly,
gloomily, discontentedly,
despondently, negatively,
grudgingly
happiness: (n) delight, merriment,
ecstasy, welfare, gladness, luck,
cheerfulness, blessedness, bliss,
felicity, contentment. ANTONYMS:
(n) sadness, despair, grief, misery,
dissatisfaction, seriousness,
dullness, discontent, dejection,
gloominess, displeasure
having: (n) estate, possession,
acceptance, enjoyment
head: (n) captain, boss, froth, foam,
crown, chieftain; (n, v) point, lead;
(adj, n, v) front; (v) capital, direct.
ANTONYMS: (adj, n) subordinate;
(n) end, beginning, foot, mouth,
rear, tail, body, underling, base;
(adj) minor
healthy: (adj) healthful, wholesome,
salubrious, hale, good, fit, beneficial,
whole, well, sound, hearty.
ANTONYMS: (adj) unwell, harmful,
unfit, soporific, dependent,
fattening, infected, unwholesome,
weak, ill, underfed
heart: (adj, n) core, gist, marrow; (n)
spirit, center, essence, basis, kernel,
crux, breast, hub. ANTONYMS: (n)
body, surface
hearty: (adj) heartfelt, healthy, genial,
sturdy, cheering, fervent,
wholehearted, lusty, enthusiastic,
convivial; (adj, n) well.
ANTONYMS: (adj) unhealthy, frail,
old, weak, sluggish, unwholesome,
meager
help: (n, v) assist, assistance, support,
benefit, favor, avail, cure, assistant;
(v) facilitate, ease, alleviate.
ANTONYMS: (n) hindrance,
detriment, interference, damage,
disadvantage, disservice, manager;
(v) worsen, aggravate, halt, hurt
helpless: (adj, v) forlorn, destitute,
abandoned; (adj) powerless, weak,
defenseless, disabled, impotent,
feeble, hopeless, unable.
ANTONYMS: (adj) strong,
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independent, capable, invulnerable,
armed, powerful, impervious
highest: (adj, n) most; (adj) best,
chief, foremost, first, supreme,
topmost, extreme, utmost, top,
uppermost. ANTONYMS: (adj)
bottom, minor
highly: (adv) greatly, extremely,
much, loftily, exceedingly, mightily,
eminently, toweringly, too, largely;
(adj, adv) very. ANTONYMS: (adv)
insignificantly, poorly, simply,
slightly, ill
hind: (adj, n) rear; (adj) after,
posterior, hindermost; (n) doe,
clown, peasant, roe, countryman,
servant; (v) hinder
hired: (adj) leased, chartered,
mercenary, hackneyed, hack; (v)
contented, compensated, paid
hitherto: (adv) as yet, yet, so far, up
to now, until now, thus far, before,
hereunto, to date, still, all the same
home: (n) domicile, abode, house,
residence, base, place, dwelling,
family, habitation; (adj) domestic;
(adj, n) household. ANTONYMS:
(adj) external, national, public,
away, foreign; (adv) out
honest: (adj) fair, genuine, sincere,
good, equitable, artless, heartfelt,
guileless, frank, forthright, faithful.
ANTONYMS: (adj) lying,
misleading, guarded, corrupt,
disloyal, unwholesome,
discourteous, disreputable, fictional,
crafty, crooked
honesty: (adj, n) candor, justice,
fidelity, equity; (n) integrity,
fairness, candidness, probity,
frankness, rectitude, faith.
ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty,
wickedness, treachery, deceit,
deception, deviousness, decadence,
affectation, caution, evasiveness,
injustice
hope: (n, v) trust, desire; (n)
aspiration, faith, belief, expectation,
confidence, expectancy, anticipation;
(v) confide, anticipate.
ANTONYMS: (n) reality, past,
pessimism, distrust, independence
hopeful: (adj) confident, auspicious,
bright, optimistic, sanguine, rosy,
probable, likely, expectant, upbeat;
(n, v) candidate. ANTONYMS: (adj)
desperate, pessimistic, gloomy,
pained, doubtful, bad, unhopeful,
unlikely, unpromising, down
hoping: (adj) desirous, expectant,
optimistic, eager
horrid: (adj) grisly, ghastly, ugly,
Jonathan Swift
gruesome, grim, fearful, dreadful,
direful, dire, horrible, fearsome.
ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, nice,
appealing, attractive, kind
house: (adj, n, v) family; (adj, n)
home; (v) accommodate; (n)
dwelling, firm, abode, domicile,
edifice, habitation, housing; (n, v)
lodge. ANTONYM: (adj) public
however: (adv, conj, prep) but; (adj,
adv, conj) although; (adv)
nevertheless, anyway, nonetheless,
how, notwithstanding; (adv, conj)
though, yet; (conj) albeit; (n) while
humane: (adj, n) gentle,
compassionate, beneficent, gracious;
(adj) clement, kind, charitable,
merciful, good, tender, benignant.
ANTONYMS: (adj) inhumane, foul,
harsh, selfish
humble: (v) demean, humiliate,
mortify; (n, v) disgrace, debase; (adj,
n, v) abase; (adj) base, lowly,
unassuming, docile, low.
ANTONYMS: (adj) impressive,
arrogant, haughty, imposing,
conceited, pompous, snooty,
overbearing, presumptuous, proud,
exalted
humbly: (adv) lowly, meanly,
modestly, submissively, low, shyly,
lowlily, naturally, regretfully,
remorsefully, repentantly.
ANTONYMS: (adv) conceitedly,
haughtily, pompously,
ostentatiously, unrepentantly,
affluently, brashly, pretentiously
hundred: (adj) a hundred, one
hundred, many; (adj, n) c; (n) cent,
centred, riding, lathe, soke, tithing,
carbon
idle: (adj) lazy, indolent, inactive,
free, unfounded, fruitless, baseless,
groundless, frivolous, empty,
disengaged. ANTONYMS: (adj)
active, employed, industrious,
energetic, meaningful, productive,
worthwhile, diligent; (v) change,
run, work
idleness: (n) lethargy, laziness,
torpor, inactivity, idling,
unemployment, sloth, inaction,
inertia, faineance, idlesse.
ANTONYMS: (n) energy, activity,
bustle, liveliness, responsibility
immediately: (adv) instantly,
presently, readily, rapidly, quickly,
promptly, instantaneously, speedily,
right; (adj, adv) at once, forthwith.
ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly,
whenever, gradually, now,
eventually
imperial: (adj) majestic, grand,
dignified, imperious, purple, stately,
August, regal, noble, lordly; (adj, n)
beard
importance: (n) account, gravity,
import, dignity, prominence, stress,
emphasis, value, concern,
magnitude; (n, v) consequence.
ANTONYMS: (n) unimportance,
insignificance, triviality,
meaninglessness
important: (adj, v) grave; (adj)
fundamental, significant, crucial,
key, serious, remarkable, chief,
earnest, central, heavy.
ANTONYMS: (adj) insignificant,
trivial, minor, irrelevant, low,
worthless, frivolous, secondary,
little, superfluous, inconsequential
impossibility: (n) impossibleness,
option, nonexistence, absurdity,
inability, impracticability,
alternative, choice, contradiction,
contradiction in terms,
doubtfulness. ANTONYMS: (n)
possibility, probability
impossible: (adj) unimaginable,
insufferable, unbelievable, hopeless,
impracticable, impractical,
inconceivable, unlikely,
unthinkable, unable, ridiculous.
ANTONYMS: (adj) feasible,
achievable, manageable, bearable,
attainable, on, tolerable, probable,
hopeful, easy, consistent
improbable: (adj) implausible,
impossible, incredible, unbelievable,
fishy, questionable, inconceivable,
impractical, unthinkable, absurd;
(adj, n) marvelous. ANTONYMS:
(adj) probable, certain, plausible,
truthful, ordinary, on, practical
improvement: (n, v) advancement;
(n) amelioration, betterment,
correction, repair, development,
amendment, gain, enhancement,
adjustment, advance. ANTONYMS:
(n) deterioration, downgrade,
knock, setback, slump, worsening,
decrease, disadvantage, retreat
included: (adj) inclusive,
incorporated, numbered, enclosed;
(adv) under
incumbrance: (n) impediment,
hindrance, obstruction, clog, fardel,
imposition, charge, hitch, burden,
worry, vexation
incur: (n, v) contract; (v) catch, get,
incite, begin, cause, encounter,
experience, obtain, suffer, receive
indeed: (adv) certainly, exactly, in
reality, surely, of course, assuredly,
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as a matter of fact, admittedly; (adj,
adv) really, much; (n) yes.
ANTONYMS: (adv) possibly,
doubtfully
individual: (adj) single, distinct,
particular, different, especial, alone,
characteristic, distinctive; (n)
creature, fellow, person.
ANTONYMS: (adj) joint, common,
combined, vague, general,
communal, ordinary, public, group;
(adj, n) collective; (n) collection
inducement: (n) enticement,
attraction, cause, incitement,
impulse, temptation, bait, impetus,
occasion, motive, goad.
ANTONYMS: (n) disincentive,
deterrent
industry: (n) application, diligence,
effort, assiduity, industriousness,
trade, toil, labor, work,
assiduousness, exertion.
ANTONYM: (n) sloth
inevitable: (adj) ineluctable,
unavoidable, inescapable, destined,
fatal, fated, necessary, obvious,
irrevocable, irresistible; (n)
ineluctability. ANTONYMS: (adj)
evitable, avoidable, optional,
preventable, unpredictable,
unlikely; (adv) surprisingly
infants: (n) brood
informed: (adj) cognizant, educated,
conscious, knowledgeable, familiar,
apprised, wise, conversant,
experienced, sensible; (adv) abreast.
ANTONYMS: (adj) uninformed,
unconcerned
inhabitants: (n) population, citizens,
populace, folk, country, community,
abode, group, inhabitation, nation,
natives
inhuman: (adj) heartless, cruel,
atrocious, brutal, cold, harsh,
ferocious, remorseless, barbarous,
relentless, barbaric. ANTONYMS:
(adj) sympathetic, kind, humane
innocent: (adj) chaste, artless, clear,
ingenuous, innocuous, guileless,
guiltless, ignorant, unsophisticated,
spotless, naive. ANTONYMS: (adj)
culpable, responsible, wicked, wary,
experienced, corrupt, worldly,
unfair, meaningful, offensive, jaded
instance: (n) exemplar, case, time,
illustration, sample, affair, pattern,
chance, cause; (v) exemplify,
illustrate
instances: (v) conceive, abate,
commotion, decline, decrease,
imply, diminution, diminish
instead: (adv) instead of,
24
alternatively, as an alternative, in
place of, more willingly, to
compensate for, sooner, preferably,
otherwise, on the other hand; (n)
lieu
intended: (adj) deliberate, calculated,
destined, knowing, meant, planned,
premeditated, prospective, willful,
designed; (adj, v) voluntary.
ANTONYMS: (adj) accidental,
involuntary, unintended,
spontaneous, unconscious
intention: (n) idea, intent, goal,
purpose, cause, motive, mind; (n, v)
aim, end, design, drift
interest: (n, v) advantage, care,
benefit; (adj, v) engage; (n) affair,
account, gain, hobby, eagerness,
enthusiasm, sake. ANTONYMS: (n)
indifference, apathy, boredom,
distraction, hostility, detachment,
inattention, repulsion; (v) repel,
appall
introduced: (adj) exotic, familiar,
foisted in, imported
introducing: (n) introduction
invited: (adj) welcomer, wanted,
cherished
ireland: (n) Hibernia, cork, Emerald
Isle, Irish Free State
island: (n, v) isle; (n) islet, reef, safety
zone, Cebu, Papua; (v) insulate,
isolate, segregate, sequester,
separate
justify: (v) explain, exonerate,
vindicate, confirm, absolve, defend,
deserve, apologize, claim, palliate;
(n, v) warrant
justly: (adv) accurately, fairly,
correctly, honestly, lawfully,
properly, exactly, uprightly,
legitimately, impartially, purely.
ANTONYMS: (adv) wrongly,
unfairly, unjustifiably, unjustly,
unlawfully, sinfully, falsely,
immorally
kick: (v) grumble, complain; (n)
bitch, beef, thrill, gripe, charge,
excitement; (n, v) recoil, spurn,
protest. ANTONYMS: (v) start; (n)
bore
kind: (n) sort, form, class, variety,
breed; (adj, n) helpful, good,
humane, friendly, gentle; (adj)
generous. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unkind, cruel, hardhearted, mean,
merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring,
upsetting, callous, disagreeable
kingdom: (n) domain, realm, state,
empire, dominion, territory, nation,
crown, monarchy, department, land
knew: (adj) known; (v) recognize,
A Modest Proposal
wist
knife: (adj, n) blade; (adj) cutlery,
edge tool; (v) stab; (n) sword,
cleaver, whittle, cutter, tongue,
pocketknife, chopper
knowing: (adj, v) canny, crafty, wise;
(adj, n) clever; (adj) conscious,
aware, ingenious, intelligent, bright,
conversant, smart. ANTONYMS:
(adj) naive, uncomprehending,
unconscious
knowledge: (n) information,
comprehension, science, lore,
understanding, intelligence, grasp,
erudition, acquaintance; (n, v)
cognition; (adj, n) art. ANTONYMS:
(n) foolishness, inexperience
known: (adj) familiar, knew,
conscious, certain, famous, know,
eminent, plain, accepted, published,
acknowledged. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unknown, secret, unidentified,
unfamiliar
labour: (n, v) travail, labor, toil; (v)
grind, fag, drudge; (n) exertion,
employment, confinement, childbed,
business
land: (n) country, earth, soil,
kingdom, field, nation, estate,
domain; (v) disembark, debark, get.
ANTONYMS: (adj) aquatic,
amphibious; (n) sea; (v) lose, depart,
embark
landlord: (n) laird, proprietor,
landlady, owner, landholder, land
holder, land owner, innkeeper,
property owner, slumlord, publican.
ANTONYM: (n) occupant
lastly: (adv) eventually, ultimately,
latterly, in conclusion, last, at last,
terminally, latestly, utmostly,
definitively, concludingly.
ANTONYM: (adv) initially
late: (adj, adv) dilatory, fresh,
behindhand, backward; (adj)
former, deceased, dead, slow,
delayed, modern; (adv) belatedly.
ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early,
punctual; (adv) punctually,
promptly; (adj) ahead, existing,
alive, initial, middle, old, premature
lately: (adv) tardily, newly, freshly,
belatedly, slowly, latterly, deadly;
(adj, adv) anew, late, afresh; (adj)
recent
lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful,
constitutional, true, right, justifiable,
licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj,
v) permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unlawful, prohibited,
unconstitutional
laws: (n) Pentateuch, Torah
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lean: (adj, v) gaunt; (adj) emaciated,
thin, bony, lank; (n, v) bend, tilt,
slant, list, careen; (n) inclination.
ANTONYMS: (adj) plump, rich,
chubby, greasy, stout; (v) straighten,
repel
learn: (v) get, find, ascertain, hear,
find out, have, determine, con,
acquire, tell; (n, v) know.
ANTONYM: (v) reject
learning: (n, v) erudition,
enlightenment; (n) acquisition,
education, culture, scholarship,
wisdom, acquirement, letter,
literature; (v) learn
least: (n) minimum; (adj) smallest,
minimal, littlest, lowest,
insignificant, minutest, negligible;
(adj, n) smallest amount; (adv) at
least, fully. ANTONYMS: (adj)
maximum, greatest; (adj, adv) most
leave: (v) depart, go, abandon, desert,
lead; (adj, v) forsake, quit; (n)
furlough, permission, holiday; (n, v)
escape. ANTONYMS: (v) enter,
arrive, stay, remain, come,
approach, change, reposition,
disinherit, occupy, participate
length: (n, v) extent; (n) distance,
range, duration, size, measurement,
longness, dimension, depth,
compass, quantity. ANTONYMS:
(n) shortness, width, breadth,
brevity, conciseness
lent: (n) Quadragesima, Lententide
less: (adj) inferior, wanting, minor,
secondary, subordinate, deficient,
minus, few; (adj, adv) lesser, lower;
(adv) below. ANTONYMS: (adj)
additional; (prep) plus
lessen: (v) decrease, abate, fall,
decline, dwindle, assuage, allay,
alleviate; (adj, v) abridge, curtail,
contract. ANTONYMS: (v) increase,
exacerbate, intensify, raise, grow,
aggravate, accelerate, bolster,
worsen, strengthen, rise
lessened: (adj) diminished, hurt,
lower, mitigated, pointed, tapering,
vitiated, atrophied, short, attenuate,
attenuated
lessening: (n) diminution, cutback,
alleviation, contraction, abatement,
mitigation, shrinking, reduction, cut;
(adj) decreasing, diminishing.
ANTONYMS: (n) growth,
restoration; (adj) increasing
liable: (adj) answerable, accountable,
disposed, apt, responsible, inclined,
exposed, likely, subject, culpable,
vulnerable. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unwilling, innocent, unlikely,
Jonathan Swift
disinclined, impervious
life: (adj, n) animation; (n) energy,
spirit, activity, dash, enthusiasm,
being, biography, existence,
exuberance, live. ANTONYMS: (n)
death, apathy, extinction,
nonexistence, lifelessness
likewise: (adv) besides, in addition,
furthermore, alike, moreover,
further, too, similarly; (adj, adv) as
well, equally; (adj) even
list: (n) catalogue, catalog,
inclination, index, calendar,
enumeration; (n, v) file, tilt,
schedule; (v) enter, itemize
little: (adj, adv) small; (adj)
diminutive, insignificant, short, tiny,
some, brief, petty, minute, exiguous;
(adv) rather. ANTONYMS: (adj)
enormous, large, important, huge,
high, giant, older, old, tall; (adv)
frequently, well
livelihood: (n) subsistence, existence,
job, maintenance, support, living,
sustenance, bread, keep, bread and
butter, career
lives: (n) life, living, estate, existence,
earnest living
london: (n) British capital, jack
London, John Griffith Chaney,
Greater London, capital of the
united kingdom
long: (v) yearn, desire, hanker,
languish, ache, wish; (adj, n)
extensive; (n, v) hunger; (adj)
extended, lengthy; (n) length.
ANTONYMS: (adj) short, brief,
concise
longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest;
(adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster
lord: (n) chief, king, noble, sir, duke,
master, God, seignior, nobility,
Mister, potentate. ANTONYM: (n)
lady
loss: (adj, n) detriment, damage,
injury, harm; (n) defeat, deprivation,
deficit, destruction, forfeit,
forfeiture, bereavement.
ANTONYMS: (n) retrieval,
appearance, victory, recovery,
gaining, income, gain, accumulation,
win, benefit, fortune
love: (n) desire, fondness, affection,
dear, liking, benevolence, charity,
honey, devotion; (v) enjoy; (n, v)
worship. ANTONYMS: (n, v)
dislike; (n) abhorrence, hatred,
aversion, detestation, detachment,
indifference; (v) abhor; (adv)
roughly
lover: (n) dear, darling, fan, devotee,
beau, buff, love, admirer, beloved,
amorist, man
luxury: (n) comfort, luxuriousness,
extravagance, opulence, wealth;
(adj, n) delicacy, gratification,
elegance; (adj) luxurious, deluxe,
indulgence. ANTONYMS: (n)
paucity, necessity, poverty, filth,
discomfort, bareness, shabbiness;
(adj) basic, inferior, cheap, Spartan
magnificence: (adj, n) splendor,
brilliancy, gorgeousness; (n) glory,
pomp, brilliance, grandness,
greatness, dignity, majesty, loftiness.
ANTONYMS: (n) paucity, modesty,
shabbiness, poverty, austerity,
unattractiveness
maimed: (adj) disabled, mutilated,
deformed, truncated, faulty, cut
short, game, cut off; (n) wounded
maintain: (v) continue, assert, aver,
preserve, defend, declare, guard,
conserve, affirm; (n, v) justify,
allege. ANTONYMS: (v) change,
neglect, abandon, transform, quit,
grant, end, cancel, endanger, refute,
stop
maintaining: (n) contention,
continuation; (adj) affirming,
assertory
making: (n) creation, construction,
production, fabrication,
manufacture, cartography, devising,
fashioning, manufacturing,
formation; (v) to make.
ANTONYMS: (n) undoing,
destruction
male: (n) fellow, boy, chap, guy, man,
lad, gent; (adj) masculine, manly,
virile, manlike. ANTONYMS: (adj,
n) female; (n) woman; (adj)
feminine, androgynous
manner: (adj, n) kind; (n) bearing,
demeanor, method, form,
appearance, carriage, way; (n, v)
custom, style, habit
manufacture: (v) construct, frame,
fabricate, produce, build, contrive,
invent; (n) formation, construction,
production, fabrication.
ANTONYMS: (v) consume, destroy
march: (n, v) hike, parade, trek,
ramble, journey, tramp, course; (n)
demonstration; (v) process, pace,
stride
market: (n) fair, emporium,
marketplace, bazaar, grocery store;
(n, v) shop, trade; (v) demand, sell,
commercialize, exchange
marriage: (adj, n) bridal, nuptial; (n)
matrimony, espousal, union,
wedlock, intermarriage, alliance,
coupling; (n, v) match; (v) marry.
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ANTONYM: (n) separation
married: (adj) wedded, conjugal,
matrimonial, connubial, nuptial,
united, mixed, connected, marrying,
attached, unite. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unmarried, unattached, divorced,
public
materials: (n) goods, resources,
equipment, riches, treasures,
reserves, provisions, order
matter: (n) business, substance, issue,
material, affair, concern, incident,
article, subject; (n, v) case; (adj, n)
import
maturely: (adv) mellowly, adultly,
perfectly, completely, fully, readily,
agedly, oldly, primely, correctly,
conscientiously. ANTONYMS: (adv)
childishly, irresponsibly
mean: (adj, n) middle, low,
contemptible, average, medium,
common; (v) design; (n, v) imply,
denote; (adj) ignoble, hateful.
ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, kind,
extravagant, charitable, luxurious,
rich, expansive, extreme, great; (n)
maximum, minimum
measure: (n) amount, criterion,
extent, measurement, estimate,
degree, beat, benchmark, quantity,
meter; (n, v) act. ANTONYMS: (v)
guess, estimate
meat: (n) food, gist, essence, core,
kernel, heart, substance, marrow,
crux, matter, beef
medium: (adj, n) mediocre, mean;
(adj) intermediate, fair, mid; (n)
instrument, vehicle, atmosphere, gobetween, means, agency
melancholy: (adj, v) dreary; (adj, n)
gloom, melancholic; (adj) depressed,
dejected, dismal, gloomy, doleful;
(n, v) low spirits; (n) gloominess,
depression. ANTONYMS: (n)
happiness, cheerfulness,
hopefulness, optimism; (adj) happy,
bright, cheery, satisfied
members: (n) convention, personnel
mercy: (n) kindness, compassion,
pity, favor, leniency, pardon,
forgiveness, grace, charity,
humanity; (n, v) quarter.
ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, harshness,
unkindness, severity, mercilessness,
ruthlessness, impatience,
inhumanity
merry: (adj) joyful, lively, cheerful,
glad, jolly, facetious, frolicsome,
lighthearted, festive; (adj, n)
convivial, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj)
gloomy, miserable, serious, uptight
method: (n) course, fashion, form,
26
system, order, approach,
arrangement, way, manner,
formula; (adj, n) plan. ANTONYMS:
(n) chaos, disorderliness
might: (n) power, energy, ability,
influence, strength, puissance,
vehemence, intensity; (v) may, can,
could. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness,
feebleness, meekness
milk: (v) squeeze, drain, tap, bleed,
anodyne, balm; (n) buttermilk,
colostrum, foremilk; (adj) gluten,
chalk
million: (n) meg, myriad, one
thousand thousand, heap, large
integer, mint
minister: (n) envoy, priest, deputy,
divine, ambassador, churchman,
clergyman, cleric, curate,
ecclesiastic; (v) supply
miscarriage: (n, v) failure; (n) flop,
fiasco, spontaneous abortion, defeat,
disappointment, failing, balk,
frustration; (v) fail, fault
miscarry: (v) fail, founder, abort, fall,
flop, break down, go wrong,
backfire, fall through, miss, lose
misfortunes: (n) misfortune
mistaken: (adj) wrong, erroneous,
false, misguided, inaccurate,
fallacious, untrue, misleading,
confused, improper, error.
ANTONYMS: (adj) accurate, wise,
right
modest: (adj) humble, lowly,
moderate, gentle, low, meek, chaste,
decent, unassuming; (adj, n) bashful,
diffident. ANTONYMS: (adj)
pretentious, arrogant, spectacular,
conceited, showy, proud, pompous,
elaborate, grand, conspicuous,
ostentatious
moment: (n, v) consequence, weight;
(adj, n) instant; (n) flash, jiffy,
minute, import, second, time, bit,
hour. ANTONYMS: (n)
inconsequence, age, triviality
money: (n) currency, capital, kale,
funds, means, lucre, assets, legal
tender, pelf, cash, dough
month: (n) calendar month, months,
lunation, minute, hour, day, period,
quarter, quinquennium, year,
moonshine
mortals: (n) people
mother: (n) mamma, mommy, origin,
mama, ma, mammy, mummy; (n, v)
father; (v) engender, generate, beget
motive: (n, v) cause; (n) account,
incentive, impulse, inducement,
motif, motivation, incitement,
reason, subject; (v) aim.
A Modest Proposal
ANTONYM: (n) disincentive
move: (v) excite, go, affect, carry,
touch, instigate, travel; (n, v) act,
drive, transfer, maneuver.
ANTONYMS: (v) stay, restore,
refrain, remain, rest, withdraw, stop,
repel, come, leave
name: (v) appoint, describe, baptize,
list, enumerate, identify, cite,
mention; (n, v) title, entitle; (n)
epithet. ANTONYMS: (n) nobody,
indecency
nation: (n) state, country, kingdom,
people, community, commonwealth,
land, a people, body politic,
nationality, tribe
native: (adj, n) aboriginal, natural;
(adj) inherent, inborn, innate,
congenital, inbred, indigenous,
domestic; (n) autochthon, aborigine.
ANTONYMS: (n) stranger, migrant,
foreigner; (adj) foreign, learned,
acquired, nonnative, overseas,
adopted; (adj, n) immigrant,
imported
nearest: (adj) proximate, immediate,
close, near, next, adjoining, intimate,
direct, adjacent; (adj, adv) nighest;
(adv) fore. ANTONYM: (adj) distant
neat: (adj) elegant, tidy, clear, natty,
graceful, dainty, pretty, clever, pure,
straight, nifty. ANTONYMS: (adj)
messy, scruffy, unkempt, clumsy,
disordered, disorderly, diluted,
large, lax, impulsive, loose
necessary: (adj, n, v) requisite; (adj, v)
important; (adj) inevitable,
compulsory, mandatory,
fundamental, main, indispensable;
(n) necessity, demand; (adj, n) basic.
ANTONYMS: (adj) optional,
surplus, needless, unjustified,
dispensable, possible, unimportant,
voluntary, nonessential,
inappropriate; (n) inessential
neither: (conj) either, no-one, not
either, nor, nother
never: (adv) ne'er, Nevers, always,
not ever, by no means, at all times,
not at all, not, NE. ANTONYMS:
(adv) always, forever
nine: (n) niner, club, ball club,
baseball club, ennead, Nina from
Carolina, three times three, ten,
nightspot, clubhouse, queen
nothing: (adv, n) naught; (adj, n) nil,
null; (n) nobody, cipher, nihil,
nonentity, trifle, nix, aught, cypher.
ANTONYMS: (pron) anything,
everything, some; (n) all
nourishing: (adj) alimentary, healthy,
nutrient, healthful, wholesome, rich,
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nutritive, hearty, alimental, good,
beneficial. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unhealthy, unwholesome, meager,
insufficient
nourishment: (n) food, alimentation,
meal, meat, diet, feeding, nutrition,
repast, sustenance, edible, fuel
number: (n, v) amount, figure; (v)
calculate, total, aggregate,
enumerate, come; (n) score, act,
volume, issue
nursed: (adj) care, suckled
nursing: (n) attention, tending, care,
breast feeding, treatment, nurture,
suckling, nurse, feeding, treat,
rearing
nutritive: (adj) nourishing, nutritious,
alimentary, nutrient, alimental,
wholesome, eatable, rich, alible,
edible, healthy
object: (n) cause, intent, meaning,
mark, subject, objective, substance;
(n, v) aim, end, intention; (v) except.
ANTONYMS: (v) agree, approve,
praise; (n) notion
objection: (n) dissent, complaint,
grievance, exception, gripe,
disagreement, outcry, difficulty,
expostulation, disapproval,
criticism. ANTONYMS: (n)
approval, agreement, praise,
acceptance
oblige: (v) coerce, force, drive,
constrain, make, bind,
accommodate, obligate, necessitate,
enforce, impel. ANTONYMS: (v)
displease, request, hinder
observe: (n, v) comment, notice, note;
(v) commemorate, mind, guard,
mention, mark, see, discover; (int, v)
look. ANTONYMS: (v) feel,
disregard, break, overlook, disobey,
disrespect, Miss, violate
observed: (adj) ascertained,
empirical, discovered, viewed,
experimental, experiential,
determined, visual, disclosed
obvious: (adj, v) clear; (adj) distinct,
conspicuous, open, evident, flagrant,
glaring, blatant, discernible; (adj,
adv) apparent, manifest.
ANTONYMS: (adj) inconspicuous,
obscure, unclear, undetectable,
hidden, imperceptible, slight, subtle,
concealed, unobvious, furtive
occupation: (n) occupancy, business,
craft, calling, job, place, vocation,
career, function, line; (n, v) affair.
ANTONYM: (n) surrender
offer: (v) give, bestow, put, tender,
extend, impart, introduce, advance,
propose; (n) proposal, proposition.
Jonathan Swift
ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, withhold,
take
offered: (adj) presented, accessible,
existing, obtainable, available,
ready, on hand, to be had,
unsolicited
offering: (n, v) gift, grant; (n)
oblation, contribution, donation,
presentation, offer, present,
endowment, gratuity, bestowal
often: (adj, adv) oft; (adv) much,
again and again, repeatedly,
ofttimes, oftentimes, many times,
always, commonly, again; (adj)
frequent. ANTONYMS: (adv)
seldom, infrequently, never
omit: (adv, v) neglect, disregard; (adj,
v) miss, skip, jump, pretermit; (v)
delete, forget, exclude, except, leave.
ANTONYMS: (v) add, remember
opinion: (adj, n, v) judgment, feeling,
notion; (n) idea, belief, conjecture,
advice, guess, impression, view; (n,
v) meaning
oppression: (n, v) hardship,
grievance; (n) injustice, despotism,
weight, stress, doldrums; (adj, n)
abuse, tyranny, dictatorship,
autocracy. ANTONYMS: (n)
democracy, ease, freedom, liberty
order: (n, v) command, direct, decree,
dictate, sort, rank, array,
commission, charge; (n) instruction,
edict. ANTONYMS: (n, v) request;
(n) mayhem, confusion, chaos, mess,
anarchy, disorderliness, disarray; (v)
disturb, deregulate, supply
others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave,
LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission
otherwise: (adv) besides, differently,
or else, yet, alias, nevertheless, on
the other hand, in addition; (adj,
adv) other; (n) or; (adj) different
overture: (n, v) offer, advance; (n)
prelude, approach, introduction,
preface, opening, presentation,
feeler, bid, motion. ANTONYMS:
(n) finale, conclusion, postscript
pain: (n, v) hurt, afflict, ache, bother,
torment, trouble, grieve, anguish; (n)
ill, agony, nuisance. ANTONYMS:
(v) encourage, cheer; (n) joy, peace,
content, balm, ecstasy
parish: (n) community, congregation,
county, region, province, township,
borough, church, grazing land, area,
arrondissement
parsimony: (n) frugality, thrift,
niggardliness, parsimoniousness,
closeness, meanness, miserliness,
avarice, stinginess, prudence,
pettiness. ANTONYMS: (n)
extravagance, generosity
part: (adj, n) constituent; (n) piece,
article, section; (v) break, disjoin,
divide, divorce; (n, v) branch,
division, character. ANTONYMS:
(n) whole, entirety; (v) join, unite,
meet, arrive, connect; (adv) wholly
particular: (n) detail, item; (adj)
fastidious, fussy, finicky, exact,
individual, careful, definite, delicate,
detailed. ANTONYMS: (adj)
careless, easy, vague, ordinary,
collective, generalized, slapdash,
universal, strong, normal,
indeterminate
particularly: (adj, adv) specially,
only; (adv) peculiarly, specifically,
individually, expressly, separately,
curiously, markedly, unusually,
definitely. ANTONYMS: (adv)
slightly, generally, vaguely,
somewhat, unexceptionally
partly: (adj) half, semi, quasi; (adv)
part, constituently, in part, sidely,
moderately, halfway, incompletely,
relatively. ANTONYMS: (adv)
completely, wholly, entirely; (adj)
fully
parts: (n) faculty, nous, quick parts,
sagacity, wit, surroundings; (adj)
ingenuity, cleverness, capacity, turn,
talents
passenger: (n) traveler, wayfarer,
occupant, itinerant, rider, stowaway,
voyager, hitchhiker, commuter,
passer, pilgrim. ANTONYM: (n)
driver
past: (n) history, yesterday; (adj, adv,
prep) beyond; (adj) former, bygone,
old, prior, over, gone by; (adv)
before; (adv, pref) along.
ANTONYMS: (adj, n) future,
present; (prep) within; (adj) current,
contemporary, modern, upcoming,
following, subsequent, later; (n)
prospect
patriot: (n) jingoist, jingo, subject,
patriotic, Garibaldi, loyalist,
national, chauvinist. ANTONYM:
(n) turncoat
paying: (adj, v) profitable; (adj) paid,
lucrative, salaried, stipendiary,
good, beneficial; (v) advantageous,
remunerative; (n) payment,
defrayment
penalties: (n) penalty
penny: (n) change, coin, centime,
copper, groat, subunit, money, mite,
doit, small change, denomination
pepper: (n) cayenne, capsicum,
paprika, pimento, peppercorn, black
pepper; (v) bombard, sprinkle; (adj)
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spice, season, salt
perfection: (n) maturity, ideal,
consummation, paragon,
completeness, finish, completion,
crown, flawlessness, development,
ne plus ultra. ANTONYMS: (n)
imperfection, fault, abandonment,
ugliness, deterioration
perform: (v) execute, fulfill,
accomplish, do, achieve, complete,
carry out, behave, make, play,
appear. ANTONYMS: (v) omit,
rehearse, malfunction, stop
perhaps: (adv) mayhap, perchance,
peradventure, possibly, probably,
conceivably, by chance, haply, if,
presumably; (n) might. ANTONYM:
(adv) certainly
perpetual: (adj) incessant, continual,
constant, endless, eternal,
everlasting, lasting, ceaseless,
immortal, continuous, perennial.
ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary,
intermittent, transitory, mortal,
unstable, finite, inconstant,
occasional, sporadic
person: (n) individual, human, man,
mortal, character, soul, human
being, being, creature, body; (n, v)
party
personal: (adj) own, particular,
human, intimate, peculiar, private,
direct, proper, subjective, physical;
(n) person. ANTONYMS: (adj)
public, general, detached, collective,
common, orthodox, formal,
impersonal, outermost, external,
typical
persons: (n) folk, public, society,
world
physician: (n) doctor, medico, doc,
medic, quack, surgeon, leech,
houseman, MD, allergist, intern
pick: (n) alternative, best, option,
selection, choice; (adj, n) cream,
elite; (adj, v) select; (v) opt, harvest,
gather. ANTONYMS: (v) reject,
refuse
piece: (n) fragment, division, part,
article, lump, hunk, composition,
component, opus; (n, v) patch,
portion. ANTONYMS: (n) whole,
chunk; (v) disassemble
pigs: (n) stock, hogs, Suidae,
livestock, litter, family Suidae,
domestic animals, cattle, boars,
sheep, farm animals
pine: (v) languish, long, ache, droop,
flag, crave, fade; (n) fir; (n, v) yearn,
sink; (adj) peak
pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n)
mercy, commiseration, condolence,
28
sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v)
sympathize, compassionate, feel
sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame,
cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy
please: (v) delight, charm, amuse,
entertain, oblige, enchant, enrapture;
(adj, v) gratify, enjoy, like; (adj) glad.
ANTONYMS: (v) displease, annoy,
irritate, anger, distress, sicken,
disappoint, dissatisfy, sadden, repel,
appall
pleased: (adj) contented, glad,
delighted, content, joyful, thankful,
gratified, appreciative, overjoyed,
cheerful; (adj, v) elated.
ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy,
annoyed, angry, worried, ashamed,
disappointed, frustrated, sad,
unsatisfied, ungrateful,
uncomplimentary
pleasure: (n) fun, enjoyment,
delectation, joy, comfort, happiness,
mirth, inclination; (n, v)
contentment, content; (adj, n, v)
gratification. ANTONYMS: (n)
irritation, nuisance, boredom, ache,
displeasure, dissatisfaction, misery,
pain, sadness, worry, anguish
plentiful: (adj) opulent, bountiful,
ample, luxuriant, liberal, copious,
fruitful, full, abundant, rich, plenty.
ANTONYMS: (adj) scanty, meager,
sparse, lacking, insufficient, few,
infertile
plentifully: (adv) plenteously,
bountifully, bounteously,
abundantly, profusely, richly, fully,
liberally, opulently, amply,
prolifically. ANTONYM: (adv)
meagerly
plump: (adj) chubby, corpulent,
stout, round, obese, overweight,
gross, buxom, pudgy; (adj, n) fleshy;
(v) fatten. ANTONYMS: (adj) thin,
emaciated, skinny, slim, slender
points: (n) turnout, handicap,
interest, percentage, brownie points,
commendation, credit, eight points,
share, terms
poison: (adj, v) contaminate, taint; (n,
v) envenom, drug, empoison; (adj)
toxic, poisonous; (v) defile,
intoxicate; (n) bane, venom.
ANTONYMS: (n) cure; (v) clean
poor: (adj) bad, miserable, piteous,
destitute, pitiful, insufficient,
penniless, pathetic; (adj, v) meager;
(adj, n) paltry, mean. ANTONYMS:
(adj) wealthy, excellent, privileged,
admirable, good, adequate,
satisfactory, outstanding, favorable,
dignified, comfortable
A Modest Proposal
poorer: (adj) lesser, substandard,
subordinate, of inferior quality, not
as good as, lower, junior, minor.
ANTONYMS: (adj) superior, higher
popish: (adj) papistic, papist, Roman,
Romish, Romanist, papal, pontifical,
apostolic, Roman Catholic
popular: (adj) general, current,
fashionable, democratic, customary,
plain, known, pop, celebrated; (adj,
v) favorite; (n) folk. ANTONYMS:
(adj) unpopular, aristocratic,
disliked, companionless, out,
unknown, unpleasant, minority,
forgettable, highbrow,
unfashionable
possibly: (adv) probably, perhaps,
peradventure, likely, perchance,
may, might, or, mayhap,
conceivably, potentially.
ANTONYMS: (adv) impossibly,
definitely, certainly, indeed,
implausibly
pound: (n, v) pen, hammer, thump;
(v) palpitate, grind, maul, crush,
bang, flap, mash, buffet
power: (n, v) might, ability, influence,
dominion, faculty; (n) potency,
energy, control, authority,
domination, strength. ANTONYMS:
(n) powerlessness, helplessness,
weakness, inability, subjugation,
moderation, calmness, meekness,
inferiority, feebleness, ease
practice: (n, v) exercise, drill,
discipline, use; (n) fashion,
convention, habitude, habit,
experience, form, observance.
ANTONYMS: (n) theory,
innovation; (v) perform
pregnancy: (n) gestation, richness,
womb, abundance, fertility,
affluence, wealth, profusion,
conception, opulence; (adj)
procreation
prescribe: (n, v) ordain; (v) enjoin,
decree, dictate, fix, command,
assign, determine, set, stipulate,
designate
present: (adj, n, v) gift, grant; (n, v)
donation, display; (adj, v) confer,
bestow; (v) introduce, give, prefer,
offer, perform. ANTONYMS: (v)
withdraw, withhold, consume, take;
(adj) missing, lost, dated, historical;
(adj, n) past, future; (n) history
preserver: (n) defender, protector,
custodian, conservative, keeper,
conservator, savior, patron, restorer,
flotation device; (adj) third person
pretender: (n) fraud, fake, imposter,
sham, hypocrite, claimant, cheat,
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quack, shammer, humbug; (v)
fanfaron
prevent: (n, v) hinder, bar; (v)
anticipate, block, forbid, avert,
avoid, preclude, arrest, hamper,
obviate. ANTONYMS: (v) allow,
permit, promote, advance, attract,
cause, let, drive, help, support,
include
price: (v) appraise, assess; (adj, n)
worth, merit; (n) cost, charge,
expense, figure, fee; (n, v) estimate,
amount
pride: (n) arrogance, conceit, egotism,
vanity, lordliness, assumption,
insolence, disdain, hauteur; (n, v)
boast; (v) plume. ANTONYMS: (n)
modesty, sorrow, dregs, disgrace,
shame, baseness
prime: (adj, n) chief, best, paramount,
essential; (adj) first, head,
fundamental, primary, early; (n)
flower; (v) ground. ANTONYMS:
(adj, n) secondary, inferior; (adj)
new, marginal; (n) nadir
principal: (adj, n) chief, master,
cardinal, primary, leading, capital,
prime, main; (adj) grand; (n)
manager, leader. ANTONYMS: (adj)
secondary, subordinate, peripheral,
trivial, marginal, side
probably: (adv) presumably,
perhaps, maybe, in all probability, in
all likelihood, belike, believably,
credibly; (adj, adv) doubtless; (adj)
like; (n) may. ANTONYM: (adv)
implausibly
procure: (v) get, obtain, buy, earn,
win, gain, have, purchase, induce,
derive, find. ANTONYM: (v) give
prodigious: (adj) gigantic, enormous,
huge, phenomenal, portentous,
stupendous, exceptional, colossal,
immense, gargantuan; (adj, v)
monstrous. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unexceptional, normal, average,
tiny, weak
profess: (v) assert, feign, affirm,
avow, state, pretend, claim, confess,
allege, aver; (n, v) protest.
ANTONYM: (v) repress
professed: (adj) alleged, declared,
apparent, avowed, pretended,
seeming, supposed, affected,
feigned, so-called, purported
profession: (n) employment,
declaration, occupation, affirmation,
calling, career, vocation, job,
position, assertion, assurance.
ANTONYM: (n) denial
proficiency: (n) ability, expertise,
capability, dexterity, competence,
Jonathan Swift
efficiency, knowledge, expertness,
skill, facility, craft. ANTONYMS: (n)
inability, inexperience
profit: (n, v) gain, produce, net,
increase, help; (adj, n, v) benefit,
advantage; (n) account, earnings,
lucre; (adj, n) good. ANTONYMS:
(n) loss, detriment, insignificance
project: (n, v) design, jut, scheme; (v)
hurl, contrive, overhang, protrude,
shoot, bulge; (n) device, idea
promote: (adv, v) further, forward;
(v) help, encourage, aid, push,
prefer, develop, foster, advertise,
assist. ANTONYMS: (v) demote,
prevent, downgrade, impede,
obstruct, oppose, restrain, thwart,
buy, hinder, neglect
propagation: (n, v) generation,
progeneration, genesis; (n) diffusion,
dissemination, extension,
circulation, transmission,
promulgation; (adj, n)
multiplication; (v) procreation
proper: (adj) due, decent, modest,
agreeable, fitting, legitimate, right;
(adj, v) correct, fit, becoming; (adj, n)
just. ANTONYMS: (adj)
inappropriate, wrong, unseemly,
rude, unconventional, unsuitable,
false, relaxed, vulgar, unreasonable,
undue
properly: (adv) duly, decently,
appropriately, neatly, exactly,
rightly, becomingly, fittingly, fitly,
seemly, aptly. ANTONYMS: (adv)
improperly, incorrectly,
inappropriately, unlawfully,
unsuitably, unduly, informally,
indecently, dishonorably, badly,
jokingly
proposal: (n) advice, suggestion,
proposition, overture, plan, proffer,
offer, hypothesis, presentation, idea,
view
propose: (v) bid, nominate, design,
plan, proffer, move, intend, mean,
aim, suggest; (n, v) advance.
ANTONYMS: (v) reject, improvise,
oppose
proposed: (adj) intended, projected,
suggested, intentional, jutting,
planned, future, projecting,
predetermined, prospective; (n)
moot
prospect: (n) outlook, expectancy,
lookout, aspect, anticipation, hope,
possibility, perspective, probability,
panorama, picture
provide: (v) contribute, furnish, offer,
cater, supply, afford, equip,
administer, accommodate, allow, fit.
ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, withhold,
divest, neglect, take, buy
provided: (adv) in case, provided
always; (conj) if; (n) conditionally, as
if, quasi; (adj) fitted, instructed,
enlightened, arranged; (v) foreseen
providing: (v) provide; (n) provision,
supply, supplying, health care
delivery, giving out, alimentation,
logistics; (conj) if, on condition that;
(adv) in case
prudence: (n) foresight, economy,
frugality, caution, care, forethought,
providence, circumspection,
judgment, deliberation; (adj, n)
wisdom. ANTONYMS: (n)
imprudence, profligacy, generosity,
hindsight, recklessness,
extravagance
prudent: (adj, v) discreet; (adj)
cautious, circumspect, reasonable,
chary, economical, careful, frugal,
deliberate, advisable, canny.
ANTONYMS: (adj) imprudent,
reckless, spendthrift, stupid,
careless, unwise, unsafe, tactless
public: (n) folk, people, populace;
(adj) national, overt, civic,
communal, popular; (adj, v) general,
open; (adj, n) community.
ANTONYMS: (adj) private,
confidential, personal, individual,
privileged, restricted, unknown,
home, secret
purpose: (n, v) plan, intention,
design, project, resolve, purport,
end, object; (n) mind, effect, motive.
ANTONYM: (n) weakness
putting: (n) placing, putt, botong,
swing, puts, miniature golf, golf
stroke, golf shot, placing into
standby
quality: (adj, n) character, faculty; (n)
class, characteristic, condition,
grade, feature, distinction,
description, mark, peculiarity.
ANTONYMS: (adj) cheap; (n)
drawback, inferiority, mediocrity
quarter: (n) part, district,
neighbourhood, division, mercy,
neighborhood, region, direction,
portion; (n, v) place; (v) lodge.
ANTONYM: (v) evict
question: (n, v) query, distrust,
interrogate, matter, challenge,
demand; (n) inquiry; (v) investigate,
inquire, contest, examine.
ANTONYMS: (n) certainty,
resolution; (n, v) trust; (v) praise,
reply, believe, accept
quickest: (adv) most quickly
quitting: (n) departure, resignation
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rags: (adj) refuse, rubble, scourings,
sweepings, trash, waste; (n)
clothing, tatter, orts, odds and ends,
dress
raiment: (n, v) dress, garb, apparel,
garment, clothes; (n) costume, attire,
clothing, array, habit; (v) clothe
raised: (adj) embossed, erect, convex,
inflated, brocaded, high, uplifted,
lifted, exultant; (v) in relief, repousse
rather: (adv) a little, enough, fairly,
pretty, moderately, considerably,
very, relatively, kind of, instead,
kinda. ANTONYMS: (adv)
extremely, absolutely; (adj) complete
reader: (n) professor, lector,
proofreader, subscriber, reviewer,
bookworm, printer, preacher,
compositor, schoolbook, scholar
ready: (v) prepare, fix; (adj, v) fit,
disposed, willing; (adj) quick,
prompt, nimble, apt; (adj, n)
available, dexterous. ANTONYMS:
(adj) unwilling, reluctant,
unavailable, unready, unripe,
difficult, unenthusiastic, young
real: (adj, n, v) actual; (adj, n) true,
pure, authentic; (adj) physical,
material, natural, concrete, positive,
literal, native. ANTONYMS: (adj, v)
pretend; (adj) imaginary, artificial,
fake, apparent, mock, insubstantial,
imitation, fantasy, false, bogus
reason: (n) account, intellect,
occasion, object, understanding,
argument, purpose; (n, v) cause; (v)
argue, debate; (adj, n) rationality.
ANTONYMS: (n) inconsistency,
disincentive
reasonable: (adj) rational, just, fair,
legitimate, judicious, sensible, sane,
temperate, impartial, inexpensive,
equitable. ANTONYMS: (adj)
illogical, unfair, expensive,
unsatisfactory, inadequate,
excessive, intolerable, intemperate,
inexplicable, ridiculous, obsessional
reasonably: (adv) fairly, rather, quite,
passably, pretty, justly, somewhat,
sensibly, rationally, enough, fair.
ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely,
dangerously, illogically, irrationally,
wrongly, extravagantly, foolishly,
implausibly, intolerably,
unsatisfactorily, unfairly
receipts: (n) proceeds, earnings,
revenue, gain, profit, gross, gate,
profit and loss account, box office,
gains, emolument
reckon: (v) estimate, judge, hold,
compute, guess, calculate, gauge,
rate; (n, v) enumerate, count,
30
number
recommend: (v) advocate, advise,
counsel, commend, offer, suggest,
move, praise, urge, endorse,
promote. ANTONYMS: (v) oppose,
reject
refinement: (n) culture, cultivation,
purification, gentility, polish, finish,
civilization, nicety, courtesy, grace;
(adj, n) elegance. ANTONYMS: (n)
vulgarity, adulteration, tackiness,
uncouthness, tastelessness,
inelegance, coarseness, clumsiness,
awkwardness, crudeness
regarded: (adj) reputed
reject: (v) deny, decline, disapprove,
eliminate, dismiss, exclude, rebuff,
discard, repel, ignore; (n) cull.
ANTONYMS: (v) approve, choose,
select, grant, acknowledge, agree,
pass, welcome, propose, prefer,
keep
rejecting: (adj) negative, dismissive,
disdainful; (n) rejection
relations: (n) family, dealings, kin,
relation, connections, people,
kindred, kinsfolk, contact,
relationship, folks
relieving: (adj) pertinent, comforting,
applicable; (n) encouragement
remain: (n, v) abide, endure,
continue, last; (v) bide, linger, stay,
keep, persist, live, hold.
ANTONYMS: (v) leave, depart,
change, move, go, become, stop
remaining: (adj) leftover, left over,
odd, surplus, extra, other, enduring,
lasting, residual, spare; (adv) over.
ANTONYMS: (adj) spent, finished,
left, gross, fleeting, basic, transient
remedy: (n, v) cure, redress, heal,
help, medicine, relief; (v) rectify,
amend, relieve, correct; (n) drug.
ANTONYM: (n) poison
render: (v) interpret, explain, give,
offer, furnish, pay, construe, return,
provide, impart, translate
renowned: (adj, n) illustrious,
glorious; (adj) famous, famed,
notable, noted, eminent,
distinguished, great, notorious,
well-known. ANTONYMS: (adj)
obscure, anonymous,
undistinguished
rent: (n, v) breach, fissure, lease, let;
(adj, n) cleft; (n) crevice, tear, crack,
break; (v) charter, engage
repeat: (v) copy, recapitulate,
reduplicate, reiterate, rehearse,
return, say, double, renew, iterate,
duplicate
repine: (v) kick, grumble, regret,
A Modest Proposal
quetch, murmur, brood, mourn,
languish, whine, lament; (n) sink
require: (v) charge, crave, involve,
desire, demand, exact, claim, ask,
entail; (adj, v) want, lack.
ANTONYMS: (v) obviate, dislike,
have
reserved: (adj, n) cold, distant, frigid;
(adj) coy, reticent, diffident, bashful,
aloof, retiring, quiet, shy.
ANTONYMS: (adj) open,
forthcoming, uninhibited, relaxed,
warm, communicative, talkative,
free, definite, cordial, forward
resolution: (n) determination,
purpose, firmness, conclusion,
answer, solution, resolve,
decomposition, resoluteness,
perseverance, settlement.
ANTONYMS: (n) problem,
feebleness, indecision,
irresoluteness, irresolution,
weakness, indifference
rest: (adj, n) remnant, remainder,
residue; (n, v) pause, balance, nap,
relaxation, sleep; (n) recess, leisure;
(v) remain. ANTONYMS: (n)
activity, agitation, intensification; (v)
change, stand, deteriorate
return: (v) recur, reimburse, restore;
(n, v) pay, restitution, recompense,
refund, restoration, render, retort;
(n) proceeds. ANTONYMS: (n)
departure, confiscation, abolition,
recovery, loss, disappearance,
penalty; (v) keep, depart, take,
remove
rewards: (n) booty, loot
rich: (adj, n) copious, luxurious; (adj)
productive, fruitful, full, deep,
prolific, opulent, fat, affluent; (adj,
v) fertile. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor,
impoverished, destitute, broke,
light, plain, lean, delicate, infertile,
weak, barren
roads: (n) anchorage, anchorage
ground, communications,
infrastructure, port, road and rail
network, transportation
roasted: (adj) fried, baked
roasting: (n) barbecuing, cookery,
cooking; (adj) broiling, baking,
burning, boiling, airless, blazing,
close; (adj, n) scorching.
ANTONYMS: (adj) airy, fresh
roman: (adj) Romanist, Romish,
classical, apostolic, popish, papist,
papistic; (n) Catholic, Roman type,
reglet, Romanesque
rotting: (adj) rotten, decaying,
decayed, moldering, mouldering,
decomposing, putrid; (n) rot,
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putrefaction, decomposition, deep
etching
round: (n) bout, circuit, beat; (n, v)
ring, compass; (adv, prep) about;
(adj) circular, entire; (adj, v) plump;
(adj, n, v) turn; (v) gird.
ANTONYMS: (adj) sharp, slender,
thin, square, harsh, reedy, evasive;
(prep) exactly
rudiments: (n) grammar,
fundamentals, elements, alphabet,
abecedary, primer, vade mecum,
bedrock, element, fundamental
principle, rudiment
sale: (n) fair, disposal, sales, sales
event, bazaar, market, demand,
marketing, saloon, vend, vendition.
ANTONYMS: (n) acquisition,
purchase
saleable: (adj) salable, marketable,
merchantable, commercial, vendible,
sellable, profitable
salt: (adj) salty, saline, briny,
brackish, pungent; (v) cure, pickle;
(n) salinity, common salt, alkali;
(adj, n) spice
same: (adj) identical, equal, like,
corresponding, equivalent, similar,
uniform, even, consistent, matching;
(adv) equally. ANTONYMS: (adj)
different, varying, another, unlike,
other, varied
savage: (adj, v) fierce, wild, furious;
(adj) ferocious, brutal, cruel,
bloodthirsty, rough, pitiless; (adj, n)
brute; (n) vandal. ANTONYMS:
(adj) civilized, gentle, nice
scene: (n, v) aspect, view, outlook,
lookout; (n) background, display,
spectacle, picture, environment,
panorama, perspective
scheme: (n, v) plot, design, intrigue,
project; (n) contrivance, dodge,
device, diagram, method; (v) devise,
conspire
scraps: (n) garbage, odds and ends,
scrap, bits, food waste, leftover,
trash, waste, oddments, leftovers,
residue
scrupulous: (adj) careful, punctilious,
exact, conscientious, particular,
painstaking, accurate, prudent,
meticulous, rigorous, cautious.
ANTONYMS: (adj) sloppy,
unscrupulous, slapdash, relaxed,
guilty, deceitful
season: (v) mature, flavor, salt,
mellow, moderate; (adj, v) harden,
inure, habituate; (n) opportunity,
spell, space
seasoned: (adj) veteran, flavoured,
flavored, mature, ripe, versed,
Jonathan Swift
hardened, confirmed, practised,
accustomed, sophisticated.
ANTONYMS: (adj) green,
unseasoned, inexperienced, mild
secondly: (adv) secondarily, second,
latterly, subordinately, duplicately,
inferiorly, forwardly, additionally,
furtherly, in the second place,
subsequently
seem: (v) appear, feel, seeming, loom,
expect, show, beseem, sound, glitter,
glisten, gleam
seized: (adj) confiscate, appropriated,
condemned, apprehended, grasped,
taken, held, seised, detained,
obtained, arraught
seldom: (adj) scarce, rare, few,
infrequent; (adv) occasionally,
infrequently, uncommonly, hardly,
scarcely, not often, once in a blue
moon. ANTONYMS: (adv) often,
seldom
self: (n) ego, person, me, individual,
being; (pron) myself, herself, itself;
(adj) same; (v) own; (adv) personally
sell: (v) deal, handle, dispose, betray,
give, promote, realize, merchandise,
dispose of; (n, v) cheat; (adj) sold.
ANTONYMS: (v) buy, wholesale
selves: (pron) oneself
sentiments: (n) breast
serve: (adj, n, v) avail; (v) assist, aid,
act, benefit, tend, attend, operate,
function, do; (n, v) officiate
service: (n, v) overhaul, serve, refit,
assist; (n) aid, employment,
assistance, avail, ministration,
ceremony; (v) attendance.
ANTONYMS: (n) disservice,
damage, hindrance, uselessness
settlement: (n) accommodation,
colony, hamlet, payment,
arrangement, conclusion, resolution,
determination, contract, village,
colonization
seventy: (n) large integer
several: (adj, v) diverse, divers,
sundry; (adj, n) a few, some; (adj)
various, individual, different,
particular, special, numerous.
ANTONYMS: (adj) joint, all, none
shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require,
bequeath, leave
shambles: (n) disorder, confusion,
mess, butchery, abattoir, chaos,
muddle, bedlam, hash, tangle; (n, v)
slaughterhouse. ANTONYM: (n)
order
shame: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor,
discredit, humiliate, degrade,
chagrin; (n) humiliation, modesty,
scandal, insult; (v) abash.
ANTONYMS: (n) pride,
glorification, making, worthiness;
(v) acknowledge, glorify, respect,
dignify
sheep: (n) goat, ram, tup, ewe, cattle,
follower, Bovidae, stock, simple,
simpleton, family Bovidae
since: (adv, conj, prep) because,
seeing that; (adv, prep) afterwards,
before; (adv, conj) for, as; (adj, adv)
ago; (conj) whereas; (prep) from, of;
(adv) after
sincere: (adj, v) earnest, devout; (adj)
genuine, faithful, heartfelt, honest,
serious, open, artless, candid; (adj,
n) cordial. ANTONYMS: (adj)
insincere, dishonest, guarded,
flippant, affected, disingenuous,
hypocritical, cunning, unfaithful,
unenthusiastic, unbelievable
sincerity: (adj, n) candor, honesty,
integrity, probity, faithfulness; (n)
earnestness, heartiness,
genuineness, candour, frankness,
cordiality. ANTONYMS: (n)
dishonesty, hypocrisy, flippancy,
frivolity, affectedness, caution,
reticence, deceit, doubt
single: (adj) celibate, odd, particular,
separate, solitary, isolated, sole,
lone, lonely, simple; (adj, n) one.
ANTONYMS: (adj) double,
multiple, divorced, attached, dual,
involved, widowed, general,
common; (n) record
situation: (n) employment, position,
post, job, matter, location,
circumstance, circumstances,
condition, site, office
skilful: (adj) adroit, practised,
experienced, cunning, expert,
dextrous, clever, adept, proficient,
practiced, good
skill: (n) artifice, capacity, capability,
knack, ability, faculty, finesse,
cleverness, expertise; (adj, n) craft,
cunning. ANTONYMS: (n)
clumsiness, incompetence,
uselessness, stupidity, ineptness,
tactlessness, inexperience,
ignorance, inaccuracy, delay,
drawback
skin: (n) hide, fur, rind, coating, shell,
hull; (v) pare, scrape, excoriate, flay;
(n, v) bark
solar: (adj) heliacal, sunny, solars,
sunlight, suns, the sun, planetary,
lunar, astral, astronomical,
astrophysical
sold: (adj) depleted, interested; (v) to
market
solid: (adj, v) dense, compact,
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consistent, close, fixed; (adj) hard,
strong, real, good, secure,
substantial. ANTONYMS: (adj) soft,
unreliable, loose, permeable, runny,
gaseous, transparent, watery, slim,
weak, brittle
something: (n) what, object, thing,
article, entity, substance, somebody;
(adv, n) somewhat; (adv) rather, a
little, kinda. ANTONYM: (pron)
nothing
somewhat: (adv) slightly, a little,
fairly, a bit, reasonably, pretty,
moderately, sort of; (adv, v) little;
(adv, pron) partly; (adj, adv)
something. ANTONYMS: (adv)
considerably, very, unreasonably,
totally, hugely, completely, closely,
massively, absolutely, wholly
soon: (adv) shortly, presently, anon,
immediately, directly, at once,
before long, betimes, quickly,
promptly; (adj, adv) early.
ANTONYMS: (adv) now,
eventually, later, slowly
sort: (adj, n, v) class; (n, v) type,
group, rank; (n) variety, breed,
assortment, form, pattern; (adj, n)
manner, description
sound: (n, v) chime, echo, peal; (adj)
reasonable, complete, healthy,
sensible, sane, rational; (adj, v) fit,
fast. ANTONYMS: (adj) illogical,
unsound, confused, unreliable,
flawed, flimsy, silent, weak,
unreasonable; (n) silence; (v)
devoice
spain: (n) spains, Espana
spirit: (n, v) courage, mind; (n) mood,
ghost, apparition, disposition,
energy, essence, soul, phantom; (adj,
n) animation. ANTONYMS: (n)
lethargy, body, cowardice, surface,
sluggishness, lifelessness, defeatism
squire: (n, v) escort; (n) landlord,
gallant, attendant, beau, gentleman,
esquire, landowner, landholder,
armiger; (v) attend
stand: (v) endure, undergo; (n) rack,
booth, attitude, base, pedestal; (n, v)
live, position; (adj, v) suffer, tolerate.
ANTONYMS: (v) sit, lie, yield,
forbid; (n) top
starve: (v) fast, crave, lust, hunger,
thirst, perish, be hungry, deprive,
benumb; (adj, v) pinch; (adj) gripe.
ANTONYMS: (v) feed, eat
state: (n) nation, position, kingdom,
status, country; (n, v) say, show,
place; (adj) national; (v) express,
expound. ANTONYMS: (adj)
private; (n) monarchy; (v) conceal,
32
refute
statue: (n) figure, monument,
statuette, effigy, idol, sculpture,
carving, bust, sphinx, icon,
representation
stay: (adj, n, v) remain; (n, v) rest,
prop, stop, delay, abide, continue,
pause, endure, halt, support.
ANTONYMS: (v) change, abscond,
depart, move, disappear, become, go
stealing: (n) pilferage, larceny, theft,
steal, burglary, misappropriation,
embezzlement, stolen, thievery,
pilfering, thieving
sterling: (adj) sound, fine, authentic,
reliable, genuine, pure, good,
infallible, excellent; (n) pound
sterling, pound. ANTONYM: (adj)
spurious
stewed: (adj) poached, tipsy,
intoxicated, done, drunk, huffy,
inebriated, baked, tight
stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse,
arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj,
n) movement; (n) commotion,
excitement, disturbance.
ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire,
stultify, bore, steady, stifle,
suppress; (n) quiet, peace; (n, v)
calm
stock: (n, v) store, handle; (n) lineage,
breed, goods, origin, ancestry,
hoard, race; (adj, v) regular; (adj)
standard. ANTONYMS: (adj)
original, unusual, atypical,
nonstandard
streets: (n) street
strength: (n, v) power; (n) energy,
firmness, endurance, stability,
potency, health, soundness; (adj, n,
v) might; (adj, n) vigor, intensity.
ANTONYMS: (n) frailty,
shortcoming, flaw, faintness,
powerlessness, moderation,
limitation, instability, impotence,
feebleness, disadvantage
studious: (adj) scholarly, bookish,
academic, assiduous, erudite,
diligent, learned, careful, deliberate;
(adj, v) thoughtful, reflective.
ANTONYM: (adj) negligent
subject: (n) matter, citizen, motif,
question, issue, affair, point,
national; (adj, v) exposed; (adj, n)
dependent, inferior. ANTONYMS:
(n) foreigner, resolution; (adj)
impervious
submission: (n) compliance,
obedience, acquiescence, bid, offer,
deference, entry, presentation,
conformity; (adj, n) resignation,
surrender. ANTONYMS: (n)
A Modest Proposal
defiance, divergence, disobedience
subsistence: (n) existence, life, entity,
maintenance, food, support,
sustenance, living, livelihood, esse,
ens
subtract: (v) reduce, calculate, take
off, add, discount, diminish,
subduct, withhold, deduce,
withdraw, remove. ANTONYMS:
(v) estimate, credit
success: (n) conquest, prosperity,
achievement, hit, passing, victory,
effectiveness, accomplishment,
triumph, coup, achiever.
ANTONYMS: (n) flop,
disappointment, prevention,
debacle, defeat, fruitlessness,
poverty, dissatisfaction, inefficiency,
criticism
suck: (v) nurse, drink, imbibe, suckle,
absorb, lactate, puff, drain, pull,
suck up; (n) sucking. ANTONYM:
(v) rock
sufficient: (adj) adequate, proper,
commensurate, competent, good,
acceptable, apt, ample, full; (adj, n)
enough; (adv) quite. ANTONYMS:
(adj) inadequate, insufficient,
unacceptable, unsatisfactory,
impossible, appalling
summer: (n) summertime, joist,
rafter, beam, scaffold, season,
skeleton, corner stone, lintel,
transom, girder. ANTONYM: (n)
winter
support: (n, v) stand, aid, keep, prop,
comfort, patronage; (adj, n, v) assist;
(v) brace; (adj, v) encourage, back;
(n) maintenance. ANTONYMS: (n,
v) neglect; (v) undermine, reject,
weaken, abandon, condemn,
contradict, disapprove, release; (n)
hindrance, opposition
supported: (adj) sustained, backed,
bolstered, based; (v) borne, carried,
conveyed, supporting; (adv) on
supposing: (adv) admitting,
conditionally, in case; (n)
supposition, conjecture, thought,
theory, assumption; (conj) although,
what if; (v) suppose
sure: (adj) secure, reliable, safe,
indisputable, dependable, assured,
positive; (adj, v) steady, firm; (adv)
certainly; (adj, adv) for certain.
ANTONYMS: (adj) doubtful,
uncertain, unsure, hesitant,
humbled, dubious, indefinite,
wavering, wobbly, unconvinced;
(adv) doubtfully
sustenance: (n) living, food,
maintenance, subsistence, fare,
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sustentation, provisions,
nourishment, nutriment, aliment,
livelihood. ANTONYM: (n) extras
swine: (n) hog, boar, beast, sow,
Eohyus, babiroussa, babirussa,
barrow, brute, razorback, grunter
table: (n) board, schedule, chart,
stand, list, desk, plateau, platen; (v)
defer, shelve, postpone.
ANTONYMS: (v) decide, vote,
withdraw
taken: (adj) occupied, full,
interpreted, appropriated, seized,
overcome, affected, besotted; (v)
take, get, receive. ANTONYMS:
(adj) given, free
talk: (n, v) discourse, gossip,
converse, lecture, chatter, chat,
address; (v) articulate, speak,
prattle; (n) language. ANTONYMS:
(v) refuse; (n) silence
taste: (n, v) relish, sample, smack,
touch; (n) flavor, liking, penchant,
morsel, bit, drop, fondness.
ANTONYMS: (n) dislike,
tastelessness, disinclination, hate,
lot, coarseness, uncouthness; (v)
abstain, refrain
taxing: (adj) burdensome,
demanding, trying, arduous,
exacting, strenuous, heavy,
troublesome, tough, laborious, hard.
ANTONYMS: (adj) light, refreshing,
relaxing, undemanding
teaching: (n) education, instruction,
indoctrination, precept, pedagogy,
schooling, doctrine, training, lesson,
advice, tuition
tears: (n) cry, crying, snivel, brine,
weeping, activity, bawling, bodily
function, bodily process, body
process, lacerations
temperance: (n) moderation,
abstinence, abstemiousness, control,
restraint, moderateness, soberness,
forbearance, measure, gravity,
asceticism. ANTONYMS: (n)
intemperance, wildness
tender: (n, v) offer, proffer, bid; (adj,
v) affectionate; (adj) painful,
sensitive, soft, loving, sore; (v)
propose, present. ANTONYMS:
(adj) hardhearted, rubbery, hard,
rough, uncaring, healthy, mature,
unfeeling, cold, experienced; (v)
withdraw
tenderness: (n) fondness, soreness,
love, affection, sympathy; (adj, n)
clemency, mildness, compassion,
gentleness, softness, delicacy.
ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure, dryness,
hatred, strength, detachment
Jonathan Swift
themselves: (pron) myself, itself,
yourself; (n) yourselves
thence: (adv) therefore, thus,
therefrom, thereof, consequently,
then, so, thereafter, thenceforth,
since, on account of
thereby: (adv) whereby, hereby
therefore: (adv) thence, so, hence,
accordingly, as a result, thus, for
that reason; (conj) since, because,
then, ergo
thing: (n) affair, occurrence, object,
event, concern, something, article,
happening, substance, occasion,
being
things: (n) gear, belongings,
equipment, garb, garment, clothes,
paraphernalia, goods, life, property,
palliament
thirdly: (adv) third, tertiarily, in the
third place, thrice
thirty: (n) large integer, termination;
(adj) thretty
though: (adj, conj) however; (conj)
still, notwithstanding, nevertheless,
albeit, whereas, while; (adv) even,
after all, tho'; (adv, conj) tho
thoughts: (n) mind, opinion, depth of
thought, feelings, reflection, ideas,
workings of the mind, view, stance,
position, considered opinion
thousand: (adj, n) one thousand, k,
m; (n) grand, g, thou, cat Valium,
constant of gravitation, grounds,
curtilage; (adj) a thousand
thousands: (n) myriad, much, many
thrifty: (adj) careful, economical,
provident, sparing, prudent, stingy,
saving, spare, parsimonious, chary,
scotch. ANTONYMS: (adj) wasteful,
spendthrift, profligate, extravagant,
generous
throughout: (prep) during; (adv,
prep) about; (adv) every inch, in
extenso, en masse, on the whole,
bodily, en bloc, passim, everywhere,
thoroughly
thus: (adv) then, so, consequently,
hence, thence, accordingly, as a
result, ergo, thusly, for that reason,
as
till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow,
hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller,
drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to
times: (n) present time, modern
times, contemporary world,
multiplication, time, period, era,
many years duration, epoch,
present, arithmetic operation
title: (n, v) call, style, designation,
term, designate; (adj, n) claim, right;
(n) caption, denomination,
appellation, epithet. ANTONYM:
(n) possession
told: (v) related, narrated; (adj)
numbered, oral, spoken, legendary,
verbal, manifest
tolerably: (adv) well enough,
passably, acceptably, reasonably,
enough, moderately, to a tolerable
degree, pretty, to an adequate
degree; (adj, adv) somewhat; (adj)
pretty well. ANTONYMS: (adv)
unbearably, intolerably,
unacceptably, unreasonably,
insufficiently, inadequately
tough: (adj) difficult, strong, arduous,
rugged, severe, stout, laborious,
sturdy; (adj, v) tenacious; (n) bully,
rowdy. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak,
easy, flimsy, soft, lightweight,
simple, feeble, gentle, kind, fragile,
facile
towardly: (adj) timely, seasonable
towards: (prep) to, facing, until,
opposite to, till, unto, upon; (n,
prep) against; (adv) about, by; (n) at
town: (adj) municipal, urban; (n)
borough, township, village, burgh,
burg, municipality, townspeople,
metropolis; (adj, n) community.
ANTONYMS: (adj) country, private
trade: (n, v) deal, exchange, swap,
merchandise, switch, barter, change;
(adj, n) business; (n) commerce,
profession, occupation.
ANTONYMS: (n) purchase,
entertainment, fun, pastime; (v) buy,
wholesale
travel: (adj, n, v) go, pass, run; (adj, v)
proceed; (v) roam, move, ride, sail;
(n) stroke, tour; (n, v) voyage.
ANTONYMS: (v) remain, settle
trouble: (n, v) inconvenience, pain,
bother, disquiet, disorder, worry,
annoy, fuss, afflict, torment; (adj, n)
difficulty. ANTONYMS: (v) please,
help, assist, aid, placate, soothe,
comfort; (n) fitness, pleasure,
advantage, ease
true: (adj, n) genuine, authentic; (adj)
right, faithful, even, correct,
accurate, honest, straight, truthful;
(adj, v) actual. ANTONYMS: (adj)
inaccurate, untrue, bogus,
untrustworthy, unrealistic, mythical,
fraudulent, faithless, disloyal; (adv)
wrongly, dishonestly
turn: (n, v) curve, roll, twist, go, coil,
round, change, bent, spin; (n) bout;
(v) revolve. ANTONYMS: (n)
failure, Miss, stagnation; (v) unbend
turned: (adj) off, curved, rancid,
twisted, false, bent, altered, sullen,
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having inflections, versed,
glowering. ANTONYM: (adj)
unturned
twelve: (adj, n) dozen, XII; (n)
boxcars, large integer
twenty: (adj) vigesimal; (n) large
integer, twenty dollar bill
under: (adj) lower, down, nether,
bottom, inferior, low, subject; (adv,
prep) beneath, underneath; (adv)
downstairs, infra. ANTONYMS:
(adv, prep) over, above; (adv)
primary, higher, major
unite: (v) associate, meet, connect,
link, blend, join, coalesce, unify, tie,
amalgamate; (adj, v) fuse.
ANTONYMS: (v) divide, cut,
disband, disconnect, diverge,
segregate, split, undo, unpick
unjustly: (adv) wrongly, wrongfully,
wickedly, iniquitously, inequitably,
undeservedly, illegally, foully,
injuriously, unrighteously,
unjustifiedly. ANTONYMS: (adv)
rightly, reasonably
unknown: (adj, n) secret, alien; (adj)
hidden, unfamiliar, unidentified,
obscure, nameless, foreign,
anonymous; (n) stranger, foreigner.
ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar,
recognized, famous, documented,
identified, transparent; (n) native
unless: (adv) but, if, yet, besides,
except with, further; (adv, conj)
save; (conj) without, if not; (n)
provisionally; (adj) not necessary
upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up,
onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on
that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at
upwards: (adj, adv) upwardly, up;
(adv) over; (adj) improving, open.
ANTONYM: (adv) down
useful: (adj) helpful, beneficial,
practical, handy, advantageous,
valuable, convenient, effective,
functional, efficient, gainful.
ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless,
ineffective, unusable, negative,
decorative, destructive, detrimental,
disadvantageous, ineffectual,
irrelevant, theoretical
useless: (adj) pointless, unnecessary,
needless, worthless, fruitless,
hopeless, abortive, idle, barren,
superfluous, unavailing.
ANTONYMS: (adj) helpful,
effective, competent, convenient,
valuable, necessary, brilliant, great,
meaningful, usable, worthwhile
using: (n) colonialism, employment,
enjoyment, victimisation,
mistreatment, victimization,
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development; (adv) through, via, by;
(adj) usant
usual: (adj, n, v) ordinary, common,
customary; (adj, n) habitual,
accustomed, familiar, average,
regular; (adj) everyday; (adj, v)
frequent, general. ANTONYMS:
(adj) unconventional, extraordinary,
abnormal, irregular, atypical,
exceptional, unprecedented,
uncommon, rare, changing,
unacceptable
usually: (adv) generally, ordinarily,
normally, frequently, habitually,
customarily, mostly, regularly,
typically, as a rule, in general.
ANTONYMS: (adv) rarely,
exceptionally, occasionally
utterly: (adv) completely, absolutely,
totally, entirely, extremely,
altogether, expressly, purely, dead,
fully, wholly. ANTONYMS: (adv)
partly, uncertain, slightly,
incompletely, hardly, somewhat
vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited,
fruitless, idle, empty, abortive,
ineffectual, unproductive,
narcissistic; (adj, v) useless.
ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful,
possible, persuasive, selfless,
fruitful, humble, useful, responsible,
worthwhile, effective
valuable: (adj) costly, beneficial,
expensive, helpful, useful,
admirable, important, invaluable;
(adj, n) estimable, worthy; (n)
treasure. ANTONYMS: (adj) useless,
unimportant, valueless,
insignificant, ineffectual, shabby,
cheap, detrimental,
disadvantageous; (n) trash, garbage
value: (adj, n, v) price; (n) cost,
importance, consequence; (n, v) rate,
appraise, measure; (v) appreciate,
evaluate, esteem, assess.
ANTONYMS: (n) disadvantage,
futility, uselessness, insignificance,
detriment, inefficiency, inferiority;
(v) scorn, disregard, disrespect, hate
vanity: (n) egotism, pride, emptiness,
arrogance, futility, inanity,
vainglory, conceitedness,
pretension, pomposity; (adj, n)
amour propre. ANTONYMS: (n)
selflessness, humility, importance,
value, effectiveness
vast: (adj) large, immense, spacious,
extensive, immeasurable, enormous,
gigantic, wide, boundless, colossal,
great. ANTONYMS: (adj) narrow,
tiny, cramped, small, miniature,
affordable, bounded, insignificant,
A Modest Proposal
slight, shallow, restricted
vein: (n) vena, strain, nervure, mine,
temper, blood vessel, tone; (adj, n)
mood, humor, strip, frame of mind
venison: (adj) turtle; (n) beef, chicken,
ham, lamb, mutton, pork, red meat,
animal protein, white meat
vermin: (n) bug, varmint, louse,
trash, pest, brute, varment, scum,
riffraff, ragtag and bobtail, rabble
violently: (adj, adv) vehemently,
hotly, madly, ardently; (adv) wildly,
passionately, strongly, hard,
furiously, turbulently; (adv, n)
vigorously. ANTONYMS: (adv)
gently, nonviolently, feebly,
impassively, peacefully, tamely
virtues: (n) brawn, sinew, qualities,
nerve, manner, habit, disposition,
custom
visionary: (adj, n) utopian; (adj, v)
imaginary; (adj) airy, fanciful,
unreal, dreamy, ideal, romantic; (n)
seer, dreamer, prophet.
ANTONYMS: (adj) foolish,
unromantic, practical, real, realistic,
unimaginative
voluntary: (adj) optional, deliberate,
unforced, willing, gratuitous,
intentional, conscious, willful,
intended, unpaid; (adj, n) volunteer.
ANTONYMS: (adj) compulsory,
forced, instinctive, unwilling,
obligatory, welcome, professional;
(n) draftee; (adv) paid
walk: (adj, n, v) step; (n, v) gait,
ramble, march, pace, hike, course,
saunter, stroll, roam; (n) path.
ANTONYMS: (v) run, ride, stride
want: (n, v) lack, desire, miss, wish;
(n) poverty, deficiency, deprivation,
famine, necessity, destitution,
shortage. ANTONYMS: (n, v) hate;
(n) glut, despise, luxury, option,
prosperity, supply; (v) disinterest,
answer
wanted: (adj) welcome, cherished,
precious, treasured, marketable,
invited, necessary, needed,
desirable, desired, loved.
ANTONYMS: (adj) unwanted,
unwelcome
wanting: (adj, v) missing; (adj)
deficient, lacking, absent, defective,
short, failing, insufficient, devoid,
poor, incomplete. ANTONYMS:
(adj) sufficient, satisfactory,
adequate, full, present
wearied: (adj) jaded, tired, spent,
fatigued, weary, prostrate, limp,
haggard, shattered, worn, fatigate
weather: (v) survive, withstand,
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resist, brave, stand, brave out, wear;
(n) climate, atmospheric condition,
downfall, inclemency. ANTONYMS:
(v) succumb, reject
weigh: (v) press, study, measure,
matter, consider, count, deliberate,
contemplate, assess; (n, v) balance,
poise. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore,
neglect
weighed: (adj) determined,
deliberate, tared
when: (adv, conj) once, as soon as;
(adv) then, because, than, since,
after; (conj) although, while, if;
(prep) during
where: (adv) there, here, wherever,
whither, in which, wherein, in what;
(adv, pron) anywhere; (pron)
everywhere; (n) point, spot
whereas: (conj) while, though,
whenas, where, albeit; (adv) when,
whilst, then; (prep) because; (n)
grounds for a decisions
whereby: (adv) how, hereby
wherein: (adv) in what, in which,
where
whether: (pron) where
whoever: (n) anyone, somebody;
(pron) whosoever, whatsoever
person
whole: (adj, v) entire; (adj, n) total,
integral, sum, aggregate, well; (adj,
adv, n) all; (adj) complete, healthy,
intact, full. ANTONYMS: (adj)
incomplete, broken, partial,
imperfect, unhealthy, deficient,
destroyed, fractional, impaired, half,
sick
wholesome: (adj) healthy, beneficial,
salubrious, healthful, salutary,
sound, good, nutritious, nourishing,
pure, hale. ANTONYMS: (adj)
unwholesome, unhealthy, impure,
indecent, sordid, warped, tainted,
decadent, deadly, unsavory
wholly: (adj, adv) totally, entirely,
altogether, quite, exclusively,
perfectly, solely; (adv, pref) all;
(adv) fully, utterly, absolutely.
ANTONYMS: (adv) partially,
inclusively, hardly, incompletely,
slightly
wife: (n) matron, missis, partner,
married woman, spouse, consort,
helpmate, housewife, lady, woman,
viscountess
winter: (n) wintertime, season, time
of year, hiems, frost, chill; (adj)
wintery, wintry; (v) spend.
ANTONYM: (n) heat
wise: (adj) reasonable, sensible,
sound, rational, sagacious,
Jonathan Swift
intelligent, prudent, shrewd,
discreet; (adj, n) knowing; (n)
method. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwise,
stupid, ignorant, mistaken, illogical,
reckless, naive, irrational, dense
within: (adv, n, prep) inside; (adv,
prep) in; (adv) indoors, internally,
inwardly, inly; (adj, n) interior;
(prep) into, on, between; (adj)
inwards. ANTONYMS: (prep)
beyond, out
without: (adv, n, prep) outside; (adj,
adv) except; (adj) lacking, save
barring; (prep) out of, sans; (n)
minus, provisionally; (adv) save,
beyond; (adv, prep) besides.
ANTONYMS: (prep) with, having;
(adv) inside
wives: (n) woman
women: (n) sex, gentle sex
world: (n) cosmos, nature, creation,
earth, public, sphere, society, realm,
globe, macrocosm; (adj) global
worse: (adj) worser, subordinate,
waur, worsened, warre, unrelieved,
minor, lesser, junior, poorer; (n)
badness. ANTONYMS: (adj)
improved, healthier, higher
worthy: (adj) noble, good,
meritorious, valuable, estimable,
respectable, deserving, worthwhile,
virtuous, honorable; (adj, n)
celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad,
unrespected, disreputable,
mediocre, petty, poor, unimpressive,
insignificant, dishonorable,
despicable; (n) nobody
yearly: (adv) annually, each year,
every year, per annum, per year, by
year; (adj) perennial, anniversary,
periodic, annual tickets; (n) a year
yield: (n, v) produce, return, allow,
give; (v) surrender, concede, submit,
give up, grant, cede; (n) output.
ANTONYMS: (v) persevere,
survive, stand, withstand, repel,
reject, prevent, withhold, acquire,
oppose, veto
young: (n, v) offspring; (adj, n)
juvenile; (adj) immature, fresh,
adolescent, new, raw, baby, childish,
early; (n) progeny. ANTONYMS:
(adj) old, mature, adult, ripe, older,
late; (adj, n) aged
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