English language II
Unit 14
Unit 14: Some Hints on
Negotiating
negotiation /nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ - bargaining (give and take) process between two or more parties (each
with its own aims, needs, and viewpoints) seeking to discover a common ground and reach an
agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern to resolve a conflict.
Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more people or parties, intended to reach an understanding, resolve point of difference,
or gain advantage in outcome of dialogue, to produce an agreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or
collective advantage, to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests of two people / parties involved in negotiation process.
Negotiation is a process where each party involved in negotiating tries to gain an advantage for themselves by the end of
the process. Negotiation is intended to aim at compromise.
Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, government branches, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal
situations such as marriage, divorce, parenting, and everyday life. The study of the subject is called negotiation theory.
Professional negotiators are often specialized, such as union negotiators, peace negotiators, hostage negotiators, or may
work under other titles, such as diplomats, legislators or brokers.
The contract is under negotiation. [=the details of the contract are being discussed]
The price is open to negotiation. [=the price has not been finally decided and can be discussed] The team is in negotiation with the
player. [=the team is discussing the details of a contract with the player]
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hint - information about something given in an indirect way; especially : a statement that suggests
something that you do not want to say in a direct way – aluzija, nagovještaj, znak
He's been dropping hints that he'd like to be invited to the party. [=he has been saying things that
show that he wants to be invited]
opposite number - someone who has the same job or position as you but in a different company,
organization, etc., counterpart – druga strana u razgovorima ili pregovorima
objective /əbˈʤɛktɪv/ - something you are trying to do or achieve, a goal or purpose – cilj, svrha
The main/primary objective of the class is to teach basic typing skills.
She's expanding the business with the objective of improving efficiency.
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pave the way for (something or someone) /ˈpeɪv/ - to make it easier for something to happen or for someone to do something
The discovery paves the way for the development of effective new treatments.
sticking point - something that people disagree about and that prevents progress from being made in discussions
The length of the contract has become a sticking point in the negotiations.
rapport /ræˈpoɚ/ - a friendly relationship [singular] – (dobar) odnos sa ljudima
goodwill /ˌgʊdˈwɪl/ - a kind, helpful, or friendly feeling or attitude - naklonost
She has/feels goodwill toward all her coworkers.
often used before another noun: a goodwill gesture, a goodwill ambassador on a goodwill tour/mission
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He quickly developed a good rapport with the other teachers.
There is a lack of rapport between the members of the group.
ice-breaker /ˈaɪsˌbreɪkɚ/ - something done or said to help people to relax and begin talking at a meeting, party, etc.
using an old joke as a conversational icebreaker
bridge-builder – the activity of improving relationships between people or groups
attentively /əˈtɛntɪvli/ - paying careful attention to something - pažljivo
The audience listened/watched attentively.
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concession /kənˈsɛʃən/ - the act of conceding something: such as a : the act of giving up something or
doing something in order to reach agreement – ustupak, ustupanje, povlastica
The company has been unwilling to make concessions (to the strikers) during negotiations.
deadlock /ˈdɛdˌlɑ:k/ - a situation in which an agreement cannot be made : a situation in which ending
a disagreement is impossible because neither side will give up something that it wants – ćorsokak, mrtva
tačka, zastoj
City councilors reached a deadlock over the law.
rectify /ˈrɛktəˌfaɪ/ - to correct (something that is wrong) – ispraviti, popraviti
The hotel management promised to rectify the problem/situation.
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outstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ - continuing to exist – nerješen, otvoren
It remains one of the long outstanding [=unresolved] problems in mathematics.
There are several outstanding issues between the two countries.
clarity /ˈklerəti/ - the quality of being expressed, remembered, understood, etc., in a very exact way –
jasnost, jasnoća
I'm looking for greater clarity about what is expected of our students.
The committee lacked clarity of purpose. [=the committee did not have a clearly stated purpose] a
moment of clarity [=a time when you suddenly understand something]
jeopardize /ˈʤɛpɚˌdaɪz/ - to put (something or someone) in danger – rizikovati, ugroziti, dovesti u
opasnost
The wrong decision could (seriously) jeopardize your career.
His health has been jeopardized by poor nutrition.
Gerund
A gerund (often known as an -ing word) is a noun formed from a verb by adding -ing. It can follow a preposition, adjective and most often
another verb.
For example:
I enjoy walking.
What is a Gerund?
A gerund is a noun made from a verb. To make a gerund, you add "-ing" to the verb.
For example:
In the sentence "I swim every day", the word "swim" is a verb.
In the sentence "I like swimming", the word "swimming" is a noun.
Therefore, "swimming" is a gerund.
Gerund
Second example:
In the sentence "She reads several books a week", the word "read" is a verb.
In the sentence "Reading is important", the word "reading" is a noun.
Therefore, "reading" is a gerund.
More examples of gerunds: buying, fishing, running, watching, telling, and so forth.
The word "gerund" actually comes from the Latin word gerere, which means "do".
You could say this actually makes sense: the gerund describes an action,
something you do.
Gerunds are often used when actions are real or completed.
Gerund
Verbs that are normally followed by the gerund form:acknowledge | admit | adore | anticipate | appreciate | avoid | celebrate |
confess |
contemplate
delay | deny | describe | detest | discuss | dislike | dread | endure | enjoy
fancy | finish | imagine | involve | keep | justify | mention | mind | miss | omit |
postpone | practise
quit | recall | recommend | regret | report | resent | resume | risk | suggest |
tolerate |
understand
For example:
I adore reading your books.
They anticipated winning the election.
I detest going to discos.
No / Not Any
no = not a / not any
With countable nouns, no is normally followed by plural forms. It sounds more natural and makes better sense to say:
It was early December and there were no leaves on the trees.
No dogs, unless they are on a lead, are allowed in the flower garden.
No road accidents were reported in Chelsea throughout August.
than:
It was early December and there was no leaf on the trees.
No dog, unless it is on a lead, is allowed in the flower garden.
No road accident was reported in Chelsea throughout August.
No / Not Any
no = emphatic use
Note that we tend to use no, rather than not a or not any when we want to emphasise a negative idea. In the lonely man
example above, no is more effective than not a / not any. Compare:
He must lead a lonely life: he doesn't have a wife and he doesn't have any
With subject nouns, when no is used emphatically, not a / not any are not possible:
No politician tells the truth all the time.
No writer has won the Booker prize more than once.
Note that singular use sounds more natural in these examples.
children.
No / Not Any
no collocations
There are a number of common nouns that normally combine with no, rather than not a
or not any. Most of them are uncountable and include no amount, no time, no idea, no
doubt, no reason, no need, no evidence, no problem, no way, no point, no use. Study
these examples of use:
infection.
No amount of washing could remove the stain from the garment.
There's no time to lose. We must leave immediately.
I have no idea how you solve this problem. It's quite beyond me.
There was no doubt she had lied. All the evidence pointed to her guilt.
I've no reason to think he won't return. He needs me as much as I need him.
There's no need to cry. We can sort this out together.
She complained of chest pains but the doctors found no evidence of
Can you help me with the ironing? ~ No problem. I'm not busy this evening.
Can you help me with the cleaning? ~ No way. I have to be out by seven.
There's no point in shouting. He's deaf and can't hear you.
It's no use complaining. They won't bother to answer your letter.