TCI Chapter 30 - The Reformation Begins
Section 1
Leave this blank. You completed this in class after the test.
Section 2
1.

The church attempted to raise money by selling indulgences to church members.

People who didn’t work hard to follow the teachings of their religion were told they could
still get into heaven by buying indulgences.

People who followed the Christian religious teachings were troubled by the policy, believing
it was wrong, unfair, and corrupt.
2.
a. Popes became entangled in political disputes that prompted many to question the
popes’authority.
b. The Great Schism lessened people’s respect for the papacy.
c. The Catholic Church sold offices in a practice called simony.
Section 3
1. Wycliffe questioned the pope’s authority and attacked indulgences and immoral behavior by
clergy. He said the Bible, not the Church, was the ultimate religious authority. Against Church
tradition, he had the Bible translated into English.
2. Hus wanted to end corruption among the clergy. He also wanted the Bible and the mass to
be available in the people’s everyday language, rather than in Latin.
3. Catherine showed that people could lead spiritual lives that went beyond the usual norms of the
Church. She emphasized personal experience of God over Church doctrine.
4. Erasmus was a humanist priest who wanted to reform the Church. He wrote The Praise of
Folly, a satire of society, describing abuses within the Church. His criticism of the Church added
to people’s desire to question its teachings.
Section 4
1. Luther was outraged by the sale of indulgences. He posted the Ninety-Five Theses to express his
ideas about this practice and other issues.
2.
Martin Luther
 Luther believed that salvation came
from faith.
 Luther said the Bible was the ultimate
religious authority.
Catholic Church
 The Church preached good works.
 The Church taught that the ultimate
religious authority was the pope and
Church teachings.


Luther said all Christians were priests
and should read the Bible for
themselves.
Luther claimed that most Church
sacraments had no basis in the Bible


The Church had official priests and did
not feel that people needed to read the
Bible.
The Church upheld non-biblical
sacraments, such as marriage.
3. He refused to take back his teachings and was declared a heretic by the Holy Roman emperor.
The emperor forbade the printing of his writings. Luther did not back down from his beliefs and
later founded the Lutheran Church.
Section 5
1.
Three Factors That Helped Spread Luther’s Reforms Across Europe
People were tired of abuses
The printing press helped
Government leaders learned
and ready for change.
spread Luther’s ideas.
they could win independence
from the Catholic Church.
2. Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin began new churches in Switzerland.
3.
Personal Reasons
Henry VIII split from the Church so that he
could divorce and remarry.
Political Reasons
He also split from the Church so that he no
longer had to share power and wealth with the
Church.
4. Tyndale was a priest and scholar who translated books of the Bible into English. He adopted
Protestant views and was burned at the stake. His translations were used as a basis for the King
James Bible.