Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
Chapter 4 Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
a. coal
b. natural gas
c.
d.
oil
uranium
____
2. Renewable resources
a. can be replenished over months, years, or decades.
b. are all living resources.
c. have finite supplies that will one day be used up.
d. include iron, gas, and copper.
____
3. Which of these energy resources might replace dwindling petroleum supplies one day?
a. coal and natural gas
c. oil shale and tar sands
b. tar sands and uranium
d. wind and coal
____
4. Placer deposits form when
a. hot, metal-rich fluids underground cool.
b. heavy eroded particles settle out of moving water.
c. organic matter is compressed over millions of years.
d. magma cools in underground chambers.
____
5. Which of the following is a nonmetallic mineral resource?
a. wood
c. coal
b. iron
d. aggregate
____
6. The advantages of solar energy include the fact that it is
a. nonrenewable.
c. expensive.
b. nonpolluting.
d. absent at night.
____
7. The fuel for nuclear fission in nuclear reactors is
a. petroleum.
c.
b. carbon.
d.
1
uranium.
hydrogen.
ID: A
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____
8. Hydroelectric power is produced by
a. falling water that turns a turbine.
b. tides that pour through a dam barrier.
c. hot water that comes from deep underground.
d. electric current that flows across a dam.
____
9. What is the source of geothermal energy?
a. sunlight heating surface waters
b. the splitting of atoms to release energy
c. natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water
d. very hot minerals deep underground
____ 10. Which of the following is NOT a major use of freshwater resources?
a. drinking water
c. growing food
b. cooking food
d. fuel for transportation
____ 11. What is the function of the atmosphere’s ozone layer?
a. shields Earth from harmful solar radiation
b. provides oxygen needed by human life
c. protects Earth from the sun’s heat
d. removes pollution from the atmosphere
____ 12. The greenhouse gas carbon dioxide helps to
a. deflect harmful radiation from space.
b. increase precipitation in arid areas.
c. form clouds in the atmosphere.
d. maintain warmth near Earth’s surface.
____ 13. Which of the following is NOT a land resource?
a. soil
c.
b. minerals
d.
forests
methane
____ 14. Which of the following products is made from petroleum resources?
a. aggregate
c. nickel
b. plastic
d. cardboard
____ 15. One way that mining for mineral resources damages land is by
a. adding greenhouse gases to the environment.
b. depleting the world’s ozone.
c. causing salinization.
d. increasing soil erosion.
2
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 16. In which decade were the first important laws to decrease water pollution passed?
a. 1950s
c. 1970s
b. 1960s
d. 1980s
____ 17. Cars with hybrid and electric motors
a. use more fuel than conventional cars use.
b. create less air pollution.
c. use solar panels for power.
d. are no longer produced.
____ 18. Contour plowing is a soil conservation method that involves
a. plowing deeper into soil when planting.
b. never planting crops on hills.
c. plowing across hill slopes.
d. flattening hills to create flat land before plowing.
____ 19. Compost helps preserve the health of soil because it
a. is a natural fertilizer.
b. contains pesticides that kill insects.
c. breaks rock down into additional soil.
d. adds artificial fertilizers that help plants grow.
____ 20. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 has
a. decreased the amount of recycling.
b. encouraged the use of compost.
c. decreased the illegal and unsafe dumping of hazardous waste.
d. cut down the use of fossil-fuel resources.
Completion
Complete each statement.
1. Fossil fuels are _____________________resources.
2. Although it could replace petroleum one day, the mining of _____________________has environmental
drawbacks such as land disturbance and creation of contaminated water and sediment from processing.
3. A rock that contains a waxy mixture of a hydrocarbon called kerogen is _____________________.
3
Name: ________________________
ID: A
4. Many major mineral deposits form through _____________________ processes and the cooling of
_____________________ solutions.
5. Two broad categories of nonmetallic mineral resources are _____________________materials and
_____________________minerals.
6. A simple solar _____________________system can be a south-facing window that allows sunlight into a
room.
7. Hydroelectric dams have finite lifetimes because _____________________builds up behind them.
8. Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of _____________________, oxygen, water vapor, and other gases.
9. The major source of air pollution that disrupts the atmosphere’s natural cycles is the combustion of
_____________________fuels.
10. Power plants release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, where they combine with water
vapor to form _____________________ precipitation.
11. The _____________________Act requires industries to reduce or eliminate the release of point source
pollution into surface waters.
12. The nation’s most important air pollution law is the _____________________Act.
13. Forest habitat and soil is conserved through _____________________cutting, in which only some trees in an
area of forest are cut while others remain.
14. A landfill with a plastic or clay liner that prevents the leaking of waste into soil and groundwater is a(n)
_____________________landfill.
4
Name: ________________________
ID: A
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
1. Explain the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources.
2. Describe the formation of petroleum and natural gas.
3. Describe how fission produces electricity at nuclear power plants.
4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of wind as a source of electricity.
5. Explain how tidal power works.
5
Name: ________________________
ID: A
Use Figure 1 to answer the following two questions.
Figure 1
6. Using Graphs What are the two major primary pollutants?
7. Analyzing Data What is the biggest source of air pollution-industries or motor vehicles?
8. Explain why the chemical composition of Earth’s atmosphere is important.
6
Name: ________________________
ID: A
Use Figure 2 to answer the following three questions.
Figure 2
9. Interpreting Graphics What do these maps show?
10. Analyzing Data What area of the United States has maintained the largest percentage of its virgin forest?
11. Problem Solving How can individuals use resources in a way that helps better preserve forest resources?
7