Sophia Ashiqueali Mr. Tavernia AP World History/Period 3 Packet: G [Social]: (Birth Control) Birth control first appeared in 1916 when Margaret Sanger started up the first birth control clinic in the United States. The year after she opened up her clinic, she was sent to jail for public nuisance and had to temporarily close her clinic. After release from jail, Sanger re­opened her clinic and continued to promote birth control despite many arrests and prosecutions. In 1938, a judge lifted the federal ban on birth control in a case involving Margaret Sanger. During this time, the most popular method of birth control was womb veils. While Sanger was in her 80s, she conducted research to create the first birth control pill and she raised $150000 for this project. In 1960, the first oral contraceptive was approved by the FDA. In 1965, the Supreme Court gave married couples the right to use birth control since it was protected in the constitution as a right to privacy. Still, many unmarried women were still denied birth control. In 1968, FDA approved the first intrauterine devices. While in 1970, femme insists argued the safety of certain oral contraceptives causing a package insert to be included with prescription drugs. In 1972, the Supreme Court legalized birth control for all people despite whether they were married or not. Overtime the variety and safety of birth control methods improved and were given access to everyone. Today, the controversy has shifted to the topic of abortion. Vincent Brando
Mr. Tavernia
4/5/17
AP World History
Portfolio Project Packet G: Social - Universal Declaration of Human Rights
On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the United Nations came into
being as an intergovernmental organization of six departments, including the General Assembly,
the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, and in relation to human rights, an
Economic and Social Council with the purpose of saving future generations from the devastation
of international conflict. One of the first things they sought to do was define the human rights
entitled to every human being, regardless of race, gender, beliefs, or ethnicity. This would come
in the form of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. ​The Universal Declaration of Human
Rights is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with
different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was
proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a
common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time,
fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been ​translated into over 500
languages.
Gabi Coutinho
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period III
Portfolio Packet G
Social: Margaret Sanger
Margaret Sanger was a nurse and writer who had a key role in promoting women’s right
to birth control and sex education. Losing her mother to tuberculosis at the age of nineteen, she
believed that her mother’s eleven births and seven miscarriages had contributed to her death. As
a nurse, she realized that most women were not properly informed about contraception and
underwent dangerous back alley abortions in order to avoid having more children. Despite being
considered obscene per the Comstock Law, she wrote and distributed ​What
Every Girl Should Know​ and ​The Woman Rebel​ to educate women about birth
control but left the United States to avoid arrest.
After returning from England, she opened the first birth control clinic
in Brooklyn in 1916. She and two co-workers were arrested, since it was
against the law to distribute information on how to avoid pregnancy. Her
appeal in 1918 determined that birth control methods could be prescribed by doctors, which
enabled Sanger to establish more clinics and the American Birth Control League, which became
Planned Parenthood in 1942. She advocated that people with hereditary diseases should not only
have access to birth control, but in many cases, actually have forced sterilization. One of her
goals and greatest achievements was successfully funding Dr. Pincus’s research on hormones
and fertility and having the first birth control pill approved by the FDA in 1960.
Luis Garcia
Mr. Tavernia
Period 3
Packet: G
Social: Kulaks
Kulaks in Russia were members of the peasant, lower class that were wealthy enough to
own a farm and hire labor for their farm. Kulaks emerged primarily from the abolition of
serfdom in the 1800s. Kulaks resisted the collectivization policies of Stalin’s regime, and were
subsequently killed in massive, horrifying numbers estimated in the millions. Kulaks were often
put into gulags, government-run
Soviet
forced labor camp systems, and
were
the victims of the majority of
Stalin’s atrocities during his rule.
Theme 4: Society of Righteous Fists
The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, also
known as the Boxers, was a secret society founded in
the northern coastal province of Shandong consisting
largely of people who had lost their livelihoods due to
imperialism and natural disasters. Foreigners came to
call the well-trained, athletic young men “Boxers” due
to the martial arts they practiced. The Boxers’ primary
feature is spirit possession, which involved “the
whirling of swords, violent prostrations, and chanting
incantations to Taoist and Buddhist spirits. When the
spirit possession had been achieved, the boxers would allegedly obtain invulnerability against
guns and cannon.” People were recruited through
demonstrations that showed members were impervious to
bullets – where rigged guns were fired at a person who for
all appearances had really been shot, but seemed to be
unharmed.
Rishab Jain
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/P.3
Packet G
[Social]: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is declaration passed by the UN for
the purpose of defining the meaning of the words "fundamental freedoms" and "human
rights" appearing in the United Nations Charter, which is binding on all member states.
For this reason, the Universal Declaration is a fundamental constitutive document of the
United Nations. Although this was a major document it had two main limitation it wasn’t
enforced and there was no safeguard against members that committed human rights
violations. In other words all this document really did is define human rights for
everyone to know but never set any binding statement that said if you didn’t follow these
rules that you can’t get loans or credits from the UN world bank. Overall, the declaration
of human rights is seen a major milestone but in reality it define human rights just for
everyone to know not fixing any human rights violations.
Paridhi Kapadia
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 3
Packet G
Social: Gulags
In Soviet Russia, the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps and Labor, or the Gulag,
was the government agency that was responsible for administering and controlling the Soviet
forced-labor camps under Joseph Stalin's rule. They had this responsibility during the mid-1900s.
Historically, Gulags were recognized as an instrumental instrument of political oppression in the
Soviet Union. The camps held prisoners ranging from political prisoners to people who had
committed petty crimes, to those convicted by simplified procedure and the troikas, or secret
police. Approximately 14 million were imprisoned in Gulag labor camps from 1929 to 1953.
The Gulag camps were mainly located in rural, icy regions, such as Siberia and the Far North.
The agency made it so the the camps were economically proficient, making significant
contributions to the Soviet economy during Stalin’s rule. Gulag prisoners
constructed the White Sea-Baltic Canal, the Moscow-Volga Canal, hydroelectric stations, and
roads and industrial enterprises.
Leah Kapela
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/ Period 3
Packet G
Social: Kulaks
A kulak is a Russian peasant that had enough money to buy and own land. The
kulaks emerged after the emancipation of the Serfs. During Stalin’s rule, the kulaks had
a tough time. Stalin forced them into collectivization. This basically means that a lot of
them were forced to live on a small piece of land and work. The kulaks that rebelled,
were either arrested or killed.
The Declaration of Sentiments was made from this rights movement and it
sparked many other men and women to join in on this suffrage movement. Although the
convention did not create immediate effects, it was a step in the right direction for the
suffrage movement for women. It put the idea out there and encouraged other men and
women to become educated on the debate and join in.
Abhitya Krishnaraj
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 3
Packet G
Social: Gulags
The Gulag was the government agency that administered and controlled the
Soviet​ ​forced-labor​ camp system during ​Joseph Stalin​'s rule from the 1930s up until the
1950s. The term is also commonly used to reference any forced-labor camp in the
Soviet Union. The camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to
political prisoners​. Large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as
NKVD troikas​ (secret police) and other instruments of ​extrajudicial punishment​. The
Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of ​political repression in the Soviet Union​.
The agency's full name was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps and
Labor Settlements . It was administered first by the ​State Political Administration​ (GPU),
later by the NKVD and in the final years by the ​Ministry of Internal Affairs​ (MVD). The
internment system grew rapidly, reaching a population of 100,000 in the 1920s and from
the very beginning it had a very high mortality rate.
About 14 million people were imprisoned in the Gulag labor camps from 1929 to
1953. A further 6–7 million were ​deported and exiled​ to remote areas of the USSR, and
4–5 million passed through ​labor colonies​, plus 3.5 million who were already in, or who
had been sent to, ​labor settlements​. According to some estimates, the total population
of the camps varied from 510,307 in
1934 to 1,727,970 in 1953. According
with other estimates, at the beginning
of 1953 the total number of prisoners
in prison camps was more than 2.4
million of which more than 465,000
were political prisoners.
Sam Marx
Mr. Tavernia
APWH Pd. 3
Packet G
AP Social: Castes/ Jati
In Indian society the group comes first, unlike our own society. After a person’s
family, the caste commands an individual’s major loyalty. Indians still often identify
themselves by the community they belong to and caste is still a factor in marriage
selection. In addition, caste has allowed countless groups that have migrated into India
to find a place and to play an important role.
The caste system, as it actually works in India is called jati. The term jati appears
in almost all Indian languages and is related to the idea of lineage or kinship group. In
each local area, jati ranking exists and is very much related to purity and pollution. Each
jati has some unique job, but not everyone in the jati performs it.
The jati system is not static in which all groups stay in the same position. There is
mobility in the system and jatis have changed their position over the centuries of Indian
history. However, the jati moves up the social scale as a group and not as individuals. A
jati can improve its position in the class system by advancing economically and
portraying social groups with money and power.
Jacob Mass
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/Period 3
Packet G
Social: Birth Control
Birth control was a rising discussion in the 20th century. Birth control took many forms. One
example was through pills. These pills could mandate the ability to have children. Another from
was abstinence. By spreading the ideals of abstinence, less birth occurred. Abstinence was a
topic that could be spread throughout the US population. Condoms were another form. These
were effective in stopping birth, while actually being used. Margaret Sanger spoke a lot about
birth control. She led this movement and spread awareness. She cared about women's rights,
specifically those involving childbirth and its control. Birth control affected the demographics of
America, decreasing the replacement rate and effectively slowing the population growth. This,
along with lower death rates, affected the American population.
Isabel Mitre Mr. Tavernia AP World History/Period 3 Packet G Social: Gender Roles & Relations Margaret Sanger was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. She opened the first birth control clinic in the United States. She also established organizations that later became Planned Parenthood. Sanger felt that in order for women to be healthy as well as truly equal in society, they needed to be able to choose when to have children. This was why she advocated strongly for the use of contraceptives. She also wanted to prevent back-alley abortions, which was the only recourse for women at the time in the US as abortion was illegal. However, Sanger felt that abortion should be a last-case scenario, and should generally be avoided- hence the use of contraceptives. In 1921 she established the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control, which she used to lobby Congress for reproductive rights. Sadly, she died seven years before Roe v. Wade, which gave all women the right to abortion in the US. Ephraim Oyetunji
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/ Period 3
Packet: G
Social: Mobos/Mogas
Mobos and mogas were Japanese youths who participated in Western fashion and
lifestyles. Mobos was the word used for modern boys, while mogas was the word used for
modern girls. The mogas were composed of working class girls who were unknown to this
period before. With the wages they earned, mogas were independent both financially and
emotionally. ​ They lived their lives without the dependence of males and ignored politics. Mobos
were the male equivalent. They both shocked traditionalists by wearing short skirts and tight
pants and dancing together.
Emily Pallack
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 3
Packet G
Social: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Unlike the League of Nations, the United Nations incorporated the principle of respect for
human rights into its Charter, affirming respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms
for all without regard to race, sex, language, or religion. According to the Charter, the General
Assembly is charged with initiating studies and making recommendations, and ECOSOC is
responsible for establishing commissions to fulfill this purpose. Consequently, the Commission
on Human Rights, originally chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, was created in 1946 to develop
conventions on a wide range of issues, including an international bill of rights, civil liberties, the
status of women (for which there is now a separate commission), freedom of information, the
protection of minorities, the prevention of discrimination on the grounds of race, sex, language,
or religion, and any other human rights concerns. The commission prepared the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the General Assembly in 1948.
Austin Park
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History
5 April 2017
Theme 5: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the United Nations came
into being as an intergovernmental organization, with the purpose of saving future
generations from the devastation of international conflict. The Declaration was drafted by
representatives of all regions of the world and encompassed all legal traditions. Formally
adopted by the United Nations on December 10, 1948, it is the most universal human
rights document in existence, delineating the thirty fundamental rights that form the basis
for a democratic society. Following this historic act, the Assembly called upon all
Member Countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and to cause it to be
disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational
institutions, without distinction based on the political status of countries or territories.
This shows how the United Nations is trying to develop the social structure into
having human rights.
Matthew Robbins
Tavernia
AP World History - Period 3
06 April, 2017
Social - Gulags
Gulags were government agencies that controlled Soviet forced-labor camps under the
rule of Joseph Stalin from around 1930 to 1950, but the term more commonly refers to any
forced-labor camps used in the Soviet Union. The camps housed a wide range of convicts, from
petty criminals to political prisoners. Large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures,
especially secret police, and other instruments of extrajudicial punishment. About 14 million
people were imprisoned in the Gulag labor camps from 1929 to 1953, and further 6–7 million
were deported and exiled to remote areas of the USSR. A total of 1,053,829 people died in the
Gulag from 1934-1953. In 1960 the Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del ceased to function as the
Soviet-wide administration of the camps, thus ending the use of Gulags.
Snigdha Reddy Sama Mr.Tavernia AP World History P3 Packet G Social:​Society of Righteous Fists Gender Roles & Relations • Family & Kinship Racial & Ethnic Constructions • Social & Economic Classes ● Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists
○ This society was known by the foreigners as the Boxers
○ It consists mostly of people who lost their lives due to
imperialism and natural disasters
○ They wish to purify China of foreign influences
○ This group was named the Boxers by the Westerners as they
performed physical exercises that they claimed helped them
withstand bullets and killed many foreigners
Aaron Thaler
AP World History
Period 3
Social - Birth Control
Birth Control has been an increasingly controversial topic especially in this time
of political turmoil and a new, very unfortunate administration. However, it is a
fundamental right of women, one that allows them full jurisdiction over their own bodies.
It comes in many forms, some forms more effective than others. For example, “the pill”
contains synthetic estrogens and progesterone, the two main hormones involved in
maintaining successful pregnancies. They work by negative feedback mechanisms,
that is, high concentrations of these hormones inhibit the production of two other
essential hormones in egg-release and development (ovulation). The two hormones
are FSH and LH. If taken once daily, hormonal balances make it near impossible for a
pregnancy to begin, much less remain successful. Also, latex condoms and “pulling
out” may be alternatives in spontaneous or unexpected situations. However, men and
women must be careful when using these, as there is still a risk of fertilization and
implantation. A last resort method is a “Plan B”, and this is a pill for women to take after
unprotected intercourse, preventing ovulation, implantation, and fertilization. Despite
criticism, contraceptives should be covered by insurance and made regularly available
to women, as it is their fundamental right to hold autonomy over their own bodies.
Coco Zheng
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History pd. 3
Packet G
Caste/Jāti
India's social hierarchy is known as
the caste system.
The top level, the Brahmins, are the
priests and teachers.
The next level is the Kshashtriyas,
who are the warriors and rulers.
Vaiyshas are the farmers,
merchants, and traders.
Shudras, the lowest caste are the
laborers.