Exercises
(1)
Go to the Interactive IPA Chart on the web site
http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/ipa-lab.htm
and listen to the various sounds corresponding to the IPA symbols
you know
(2)
Note the IPA-Symbol for the following sounds:
(a) alveolar trill
(c) voiced uvular fricative
(b) palatal lateral
(d) palatal glide
(3)
Give an exact description of the following sounds:
(a) [n]
(b) [pþf]
(c) [t]
(d) [±]
(4)
Why is there no voiced counterpart for the voiceless glottal
plosive [?] ?
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Exercises
(5)
Note the IPA symbol for the following sounds:
(a) the long closed rounded back vowel
(b) all short unrounded front vowels
(c) the long rounded front vowel
at height between close and close-mid
(d) the nasalized unrounded open-mid front vowel
(6)
Give an exact description of the following sounds:
(a) [I]
(b) []
(c) [t]
(d) [o:]
(e) [O~]
(7)
(f) [{]
transcribe the following words (i.e. give the IPA notation of their
pronunciation)
(a) Halle
(b) kühl
(c) scheußlich
(d) bekömmlich
(e) baseline (f) father
(g) universe
(h) change
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Exercises
(8) find minimal pairs for each of the following pairs of segments in
German or English (or another language of your choice) as far as
possible:
(a) [t] - [d]
(b) [s] - [S]
(c) [S] - [C]
(d) [n] - [l]
(e) [a:] - [o:]
(f) [p] - [pþf]
(9) assume that /x/ was the phoneme underlying the velar and the palatal
fricative in German. What would the rule look like that correctly
derives the distribution of [C] and [x]?
(10) State the four characteristic parameters of the assimilation used in
the derivation of the English plural formation:
/z/ > [s] / voiceless consonant __ #
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Exercises
(11) Apply both rules of English plural formation
epenthesis:
Ø > [I] / Sibilant __ [z]
assimilation:
/z/ > [s] / voiceless consonant __ #
in the order epenthesis > assimilation to the underlying
representations of dishes, snakes und aims.
Now apply both rules in the opposite order to the underlying
representations from above.
Which order derives the correct results?
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Exercises
(12) Take the following data from German:
Bank
denken
Stunk
[baNk]
[dENk@n]
[StUNk]
eng
Ding
jung
[EN]
[dIN]
[jUN]
It is often assumed, that the underlying representations end
in /nk/ and /ng/, e.g. /bank/ and /Eng/ etc.
Find the rules necessary to derive the surface forms given above
(you need two of them!). What processes do they instantiate?
Hint: start with the [N]. How could it be derived from the
underlying /nk/ and /ng/? After having found a rule to derive it,
take care of the word-final consonant.
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Exercises
(13) Consider the German „ich/ach“ alternation rule and
underlying /C/ ignoring diphthongs:
/C/ > [x] / [u: U o: O a:] __
a) State the rule be means of features
b) What phonological process is this rule an instance of
(14) Describe the following natural classes of German using a
minimal number of distinctive features:
(a) /p b m/
(d) /C k g N ³/
(b) /m n N l/ (c) /k g/
(e) /a a:/
(f) /i: I y: Y/
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Exercises
(15) For each of the following segments, change the feature given
to the right. State the IPA symbol of the resulting sound.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
/u/
/m/
/d/
/C/
/t/
/2/
[±back]
[±nas,±son]
[±voice]
[±cont]
[±spread]
[±tense,±back]
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Exercises
(16) in the language Lardil the suffix marking accusative future
/-u±/ has the allomorphs [-±] and [-wu±]:
uninflected
[kentapal]
[ketÏar]
[miyar]
[mela]
[kuNka]
[Nuka]
[tÞempe]
[ke©µe]
[pape]
non-future
[kentapal-in]
[ketÏar-in]
[miyar-in]
[mela-n]
[kuNka-n]
[Nuku-n]
[tÞempe-n]
[ke©µi-n]
[papi-n]
future
[kentapal-u±]
„Dugong“
[ketÏar-u±]
„river“
[miyar-u±]
„spear“
[mela-±]
„ocean“
[kuNka-±]
„ledge“
[Nuku-±]
„water“
[tÞempe-±]
„father of mother“
[ke©µi-wu±]
„woman“
[papi-wu±]
„mother of father“
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Exercises
Assume that the inflected root forms are underlying (e.g.
/ke©µi/).
The following apocope derives the suffix /-±/:
V > Ø / V __
Give a rule that derives the correct distribution of the suffix
/-wu±/ and illustrate the derivation by deriving the form
[Ni©iwu±] („skin“).
How must the apocope be ordered w.r.t. this new rule? What
type of ordering is it?
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Exercises
(17) Use the tone patterns of Etung and the association
conventions on p. 22 to derive the tone distribution for eækuæeæ,
bèsoæNeæ, und aædèmbaæ.
(18) Consider the following inflected form from Margi (cf. p.10ff):
/laèguè+aærè/ > [laègwaærè]
Provide the underlying autosegmental representation and
derive the surface form using the 'glide' rule R2 (on p.16) and
the association rule R1 (on p.18)
Assume that the OCP would not hold and that the underlying
tone pattern for the stem was L L. Which incorrect derivation
would one get for /laèguè+aærè/ ?
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Exercises
(19) Show the syllable structures for each of the following words.
Furthermore, use the skeleton tier to indicate the quantity
aspects:
(a) [fi:l]
(b) [hIm.lIS]
(c) [?alt]
(d) [f³o:]
(e) [?2.ko.no:.mIS] (f) [[email protected]:.n=]
(20) Show an detailed derivation of the syllabification of the
following German words (cf. the slides „Syllabification“):
(a) [ne:bliC]
(b) [hImlIS]
(c) [St³UktU³]
(21) Which of the following (made up) syllables violate the SSP?
Explain!
(a) [tvuS]
(b) [I³mp]
(c) [zdaC]
(d) [Su:lps]
(e) [bvm³E]
(f) [mu³l]
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Exercises
(22) Transcribe the following german text:
Wenn die weißen Riesenhasen
abends über'n Rasen rasen
und die gold'nen Flügelkröten
still in ihren Beeten beten,
tief in ihrem Graben graben
und die feisten Felsenquallen
kichernd in die Fallen fallen,
dann schreibt man wie jedes Jahr
den hundertzwölften Januar.
Was, ihr kennt ihn nicht, den Tag?
Schaut mal im Kalender nach!
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Exercises
(23) Translate the following transcription back into German:
vi: kan man ?y:b6s vas6 laþUfn=
?o:n@ zofo³t aptþsUzaUfn= ? zo: :
nIm p³i:ml=fEt ?Unt pUdINkraþUt,
tþsvaþI ki:lo: faþInst@ fli:gNhaþUt
d³aþI li:t6 gOlt ?Unt hImbe:6t³a:n,
?aþIn va:lfiSha: Unt ?aþIn@n tþsa:n
fOn ?aþIn6 huml= ?Unt tu: da:s
tþsUzam=: ?In ?aþIn zIlb6gla:s.
das gantþs@ las nu:n fYnf, zEks vOxN
?aþUf klaþIng@StElt6 flam@ kOxN,
vobaþI man StEndiC S³aþI@n mUs.
zodan gi:s ?al@s In de:n flUs,
de:n baX, de:n tYmpl= ?o:d6 taþIC,
aþUf de:m du: ge:n vIlst, ?Unt zoglaþIC
trE:gt dIC das vas6 vi: aþIn brEt.
zo: vaþIt, zo: gu:t. ?aX ja, ?IC hEt
fast gantþs f6gEsn= tþsU beto:n=:
das ?al di: my:@n zIC kaþUm lo:n=:
vEn man tþsUm baþISpi:l SvIm=: kan.
du: kanst niCt SvIm=: ? dan ma:l ³an !
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