Geography - Get that Grade: Year Eight
1. Sustainability
This means meeting the needs of the existing population without
harming the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
For example as an individual I can help reduce the impacts of
climate change by switching off lights when I leave the room; by
recycling glass bottles so they can be re-used instead of more
having to be manufactured. I can walk short journeys instead of
taking the car. This is socially sustainable as my health improves;
economically sustainable as it costs me less (£) and
environmentally sustainable as no pollution is created.
Nationally, the Government has decided to invest in renewable
energy. This is socially sustainable as fewer emissions helps
improve the health of those with respiratory (breathing) conditions.
Globally, countries can reach agreements to work together as one.
For example in 2015 in Paris, many of the World’s countries met and
agreed to set a limit on the amount of CO2 emissions they create.
2. The Brandt Line
This idea was thought up by Wilhelm Brandt, the German Chancellor
of the time. It is an imaginary line that was said to divide the World
into the ‘rich North’ (MEDCs) and the ‘poor South’ (LEDCs)
3. NIC’s
NIC stands for ‘Newly Industrialising Country’. These countries
have recently moved from being LEDCs and have switched
from being mainly farming economies to manufacturing. Some
of the more well-known NICs are shown on the map below.
4. Energy and Resource Use
NICs will start to use more energy as it will be needed to power
their factories and industries. As quality of life improves, their
populations will have more £ to spend and will likely buy more
electrical products. People living in MEDCs continue to use lots
of energy in/around the home – we are gadget mad and most of
our labour saving devices are electrical powered; at work we
use a lot of machines and computers and when we travel eg:
to/ from work; flying overseas for holidays. LEDCs use least
energy.
5. Carbon Footprints and sustainable transport
A ‘carbon footprint’ measures the amount of CO2 emissions
created by a person or activity eg the carbon footprint of a
packet of Walkers crisps is 74g; a petrol car creates 2.39kg of
CO2 per litre of fuel. Public transport eg buses carry more
people and are more environmentally friendly.
6. Development Indicators
These tell us about quality of life in countries around the World.
Some examples include: birth rate, death rate, doctors per 100
000 population, life expectancy, GNI, infant mortality, energy
consumption, food intake; adult literacy. For some indicators,
the higher the number the more developed the country eg GNI
and life expectancy, for other indicators, the lower the better eg
death rate, unemployment rate etc.
7. Millenium Development Goals
These were set up in the year 2000 and were meant to help
‘solve’ some of the problems experienced by poorer countries
by 2015. There were EIGHT goals. These were…..
8. Aid
Aid is another word for help given to those less fortunate than
ourselves.
There are 3 different types of aid:
*bi lateral – when one country helps another country directly
*multi-lateral – when countries give £ aid to the World Bank or
the United Nations and it decides where to send it
*voluntary – we give £ and donations to charities who then go
and help poor people in other countries
Aid can be bottom up – designed to help those most in need
in poor countries by working with them directly or it can be top
down – this is when $ is given to the government in the poorer
country and it decides what to spend it on
You need to know about a real life example of an aid scheme in
a chosen country and provide evidence of how successful it has
been. Hopefully you have already completed some research on
this in class or as a home work. Read on to find out more …..
Eg Water Aid has helped people in Ghana in Africa.
The Problem: more than 3 million people don't have access to
safe drinking water and over 85% of people don’t have access
to adequate sanitation. One in ten children die before their fifth
birthday.
The Solution: last year Water Aid provided safe drinking water
to 73000 people and improved sanitation to 27000 people. Find
out more here …..
http://www.wateraid.org/uk/where-we-work/page/ghana
OR
https://www.farmafrica.org/kenya/kenya
OR find your own
example
Successful or not? Whilst 100, 000 seems like a small
amount, given the size of the problem, it is at least a step in the
right direction
If you can get some of this information to stick in your brain you
will be well prepared for the exams – unfortunately…..
‘Fail to prepare – prepare to fail’
Make the right choice and show us what you can REALLY do!

GOOD LUCK