2/9/15 The First English
Settlements
Ch. 3: Colonies Take Root (1587-­‐1752) Sec>on 1 1.)
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3.)
Students will be able to explain why England wanted to establish colonies in North America. Students will be able to describe the experience of the se:lers who founded the first permanent English colony in Jamestown. Students will be able to explain how the Pilgrims managed to survive their first years in the Plymouth Colony. England’s Government Important Vocabulary • Like most of Europe, England was a ________. • The King or Queen’s power was limited by law and a lawmaking body called ______________. • 1200’s – Law prohibited the monarch from punishing people without a trial • Provisions also limited their ability to __________________ taxes on ci>zens. • Monarch – a system of government in which supreme power or sovereignty held by a _____________ person, i.e., a king or a queen • Parliament – an _______________ that serves as the formal legisla>ve body of a country • Impose -­‐ to ________ or __________ as something to be borne, endured, obeyed, fulfilled, paid, etc Beginning Explora>on & Establishment • England began to establish colonies in the America’s in the late 1500’s. • They felt that new colonies would: (1) Provide _____________________ for English products & (2) Import _________materials for English industries Early Efforts to Establish Colonies • Two of the earliest efforts to establish colonies took place during the ___________’s. • The _________ colony at Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is now North Carolina), was established in 1585, but was abandoned one year later. • The second colony was established in 1587. While England was at war with Spain, no ships visited the colony; which had disappeared without a trace by 1590. 1 2/9/15 WHAT BENEFITS DID ENGLAND HOPE TO GET FROM ESTABLISHING COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA? (A) New markets for their goods and great weather (B) Raw materials and making new friends (C ) Raw materials and new markets for their goods (D) Cell phones and iPod’s • In 1607, a group of wealthy people aeempted to establish an English colony in North America. • They formed the Virginia Company of London, in an effort to gain a por>on of the wealth coming from the America’s. • They expected to achieve great wealth by: (1) Discovering gold and silver (2) Obtaining furs from the Indians to sell in Europe (3) Removing >mber from the vast forests (4) Plan>ng vineyards to grow grapes or mulberry trees to produce silk. ** All of these were products that England was in need of. • King James I granted these merchants a charter to establish a colony called Virginia. • It gave the Virginia Company authority over a large por>on of North America’s Atlan>c Coastline. • The first of the colonists, consis>ng of 100 men, arrived in Chesapeake Bay in the Spring on 1607. • It was here that they built what would become England’s first permanent seelement in the America’s, Jamestown. Jamestown’s First Year • There were several geographical problems that troubled the colonists, including: (1) The area itself was a _____________ (2) Deadly ________________ (3) Unsafe _____________ Jamestown’s First Year • The English chose a peninsula, specifically, because: (1) It would be easy to defend; (2) They had water deep enough for ship to dock; (3) They thought they had a fresh supply of water; and (4) The river provided a pathway for explora>on. • The colony barely survived it’s first year of existence. Jamestown’s First Year • Along with geography, there was another serious problem facing Jamestown: misconcep>on. • The men who traveled to North America did not expect to do the farming themselves. They were skilled in other trades. • They expected to obtain food from ______________ ____________________. 2 2/9/15 Jamestown’s First Year John Smith Takes Charge • The local people, led by Chief __________________, supplied some food to the colony. • By Spring in 1608, only _________ of the original colonists were alive. • It was clear that Jamestown lacked much needed _________________________; and was likely to become a case similar to Roanoke. • John Smith was sent from London in the fall of 1608 to lead Jamestown. • One of his most important rules, “He who works not, _____________________.” • He called for colonists to also cut >mber, put up new buildings and ___________________________. • Hundreds of new colonists began to arrive, including the first ___________________ seelers of Jamestown. John Smith Takes Charge The “Starving Time” • While John Smith proved a successful leader at Jamestown, he also severed >es with Chief Powhatan aper he began ______________ Na>ve American villages to obtain more food. • Chief Powhatan now feared the English intended to “invade [his] people and possess [his] country.” Which of the following was NOT a reason that Jamestown struggled for survival in the beginning? (A) Poor Loca>on (B) Poor rela>ons with the Indians (C ) Lack of Skills (D) Lack of Leadership • Aper being ___________________ in the fall of 1609, John Smith returned to England. This caused condi>ons in Jamestown to quickly worsen. • Powhatan also decided that this was the >me to ____________ the English away, refusing to give them food. • During the winter of _______________________ only 60 colonists survived. • The Virginia Company was persistent through hard >mes in Jamestown: they con>nued to send new colonists and offered ______________________ to old colonists from leaving. It also sent new leaders from England. • Now that Jamestown was prosperous with both leaders and colonists, it s>ll needed a source of _________________ to ______________________ the colony. 3 2/9/15 Cash Crop • In an effort to find a dependable source of income to sustain the colony, the colonists discovered ____________________. • At the >me, tobacco was _________________ to the America’s. • By the end of the 1580’s, the smoking of tobacco was popular in several European countries, including England. Cash Crop • Colonists in Jamestown and nearby seelements began growing tobacco in ___________. • By the early ___________’s Virginia farmers were selling all of the tobacco that they could grow, which drew many more colonists from England. The House of Burgesses • Virginia established a ________________________ government, one in which voters elected people to make decisions for them. • The House of Burgesses was elected and met for the first >me in _________. • They could pass _________ and set __________. • The governor, also elected, s>ll had power to __________. Africans Come to Virginia • African Americans first came to Virginia aboard a _________ ship in 1619. There were 20 of them whom had been captured and taken from their home. • They were then sold to the colonists as __________. • Although they were captured and sold as slaves, they were not necessarily slaves for life. Many African Americans became free aper a _________________ ______________________ in servitude. • People were open punished for their _____________ beliefs in the 1500’s, specifically, if they did not follow the Church of England. • Between 1607 and 1609 separa>sts began to seele in _________________. • In 1620, s>ll unhappy, one group of separa>sts decided to leave Holland and seele in Virginia. These are the people that we refer to today as the ________________ . (A pilgrim is one who takes a religious journey.) • Permanent slavery wasn’t established un>l the late part of the 1600’s. The Mayflower Compact • The Mayflower set sail for Virginia in 1620 with about ____________ pilgrims aboard. • Aper a rough voyage they landed in, what is now, Massachusees. • They named this new port __________________, aper a port in England. 4 2/9/15 The Mayflower Compact • These pilgrims did not find themselves bound by the rules of the Virginia Company, since they had landed ____________ of Virginia, but they s>ll knew they needed some rules. • Before stepping on shore, _________________ signed what would be called the Mayflower Compact. The First Thanksgiving • The pilgrims had a very rough winter during their first year at Plymouth. • They arrived ___________________ to plant crops. • During the winter of 1620-­‐1621, half the colonists died from either _______________ or ________________. The Mayflower Compact • The Mayflower Compact called for a ______________________ that would make and follow “just and equal laws.” • Also, officeholders would be elected by the colony’s ___________________. • This was the first document in which American colonists claimed a right to ________________ themselves. The First Thanksgiving • Condi>ons began to improve in the spring, thanks to a local Indian chief who gave the pilgrims _________. • Another na>ve American, ____________, brought the Pilgrims plant seeds (including corn, beans and pumpkins,) and showed them how to plant them. • He also taught them how to catch eels in the river. • In the fall of 1621, the pilgrims decided to set aside a day to give thanks for their good fortune. This is what we now call _________________________________. HOW DID THE PILGRIMS MANAGE TO SURVIVE THEIR FIRST YEARS IN THE COLONY? (A) Great Weather (B) They brought enough material with them (C ) Superior hun>ng skills (D) Help with farming from the Na>ve Americans 5