Osmolality
Vincent
of Normal
Human
at Body Temperature
J. Sawinski,
Allen
Fred
Goldberg,
Saliva
and
Raymond
J. Loiselle
Osmotic pressure of unstimulated
mixed saliva from young adult males was measured by a vapor pressure osmometer. Results on 92 fresh samples showed a normal
range of 21-77 mosm./L.,
whereas 90 frozen samples had a normal range of 0-76
mosm./L. A significant difference
(p < 0.001) existed between the 2 groups.
IN
AN
humamm
fluid
to establish
it was decided
ATTEMPT
saliva,
by
the
vapor
normal
osniotic
to measure
the
pressure
lowering
niethod
was
found
timat centrifugatioiu
of
mixed
saliva
yielded
a supernataimt
technic.
Samples
young
adult
of saliva
were
male
subjects
with
tap
pressure
osnmolality
the
values
for mixed
of this biologic
reported
earlier
organic
debris
fluid
capable
of
It
(1).
usually
fommd
benig
analyzed
in
by
this
tepid
stored
for
imi the
water.
frozen
osmolahity
The
metimod
of
is known
Among
osmotic
the
can
to
exist
betweelm
time advantages
pressures
over
followiimg:
(1)
be set at body
Ionization
the
of solutes
mixed
male
subjects.
From
time
Chicago,
Ill.
Received
saliva
The
Veterans
for
publication
principle
variously
iii
alid
instead
in biologic
were
fluids
of the
of
made
average
1965;
were
analyzed
513
of
for
accounted
for
pressure.
Ill.
publication
are
biologic
fluids
point
of water.
(2)
During
at a constant
of
from
the
determining
metlmod
for.
pressure
by
proportion
osmotic
is maintained
for
a solvent
A direct
of the
vapor
time technic
}ssentialiy,
method
of
point
lowering
is thus
Hines,
accepted
Mechrolab
lowerimug
solution.
92 samples
Hospital,
the
of measurement
of the freezing
time osmotic
osmolality
23,
were
which
described.
tlmat
apparatus
on
Administration
healtimy
mouths
samples
Imalf
111)01)
pressure
ions
value
The temperature
temperature
Aug.
The
been
or
this
the
other
was
of the vapor
pressure
that
of the freezing
operatiolm,
the tenmperature
level,
to within
±
0.0010.
Duplicate
measurements
hated,
study
vapor
molecules
of
from
timeir
collection.
has
upon
the
imi this
301.
Model
based
solute
and
after
used
stimulation
subjects
rinsed
one-imalf
1 year,
1 week
is
depends
time presence
for
instrument
pressure
osmometer
of time mstrumnent
the
A)proXimately
state
within
specific
collected
without
5 mm. after
the
fresh,
normal
series
60141,
was
and
May
unstimuyoung
adult
found
to
Loyola
25,
1966.
University,
be
514
SAWINSKI
4) luosln./L.
ation
of
(Fig.
time data
calculated
duplicate
stimulated,
young
was
measurements
mixed
adult
saliva
male
simowll
Clinical
AL.
Chemistry
1), with a l’alige
of 1 6-88
lltoslti./L.
Statistical
showed
a standard
(leviatioli
of 14 mosm./L.,
ralige
(95%
limits)
of 21-77
mnosm./L.
normal
Similar
fT
of
were
subjects.
The
to be 38 mosm./L.
0-0
FRESH
.-.
STORED SALI’
the
perfornmed
osmolality
90
on
mean
osmotic
(Fig.
1).
of
samples
frozen,
1111-
from
pressure
The
evaluwitim a
for
experimental
normal
the
group
range
of
the
SALIVA
Fig.
1.
Frequency
tributions
of
dis-
osmolality
of fresh
amid frozen
man
saliva
expressed
buin
mosin./L.
0
tO
20
30
40
OSMOLALITY
series
was
10-91
ured
values
calculated
50
IN
60
70
mosm./L.,
whereas
resulted
in
miormal
range
80
90
MILLIOSMOLES
a standard
(95%
limits)
statistical
evaluation
of
the
deviation
of 0-76
of 19 mosm./L.,
mosm./L.
osmotic
measwith
a
pres-
sure.
Sodium
were
used
solutions
with
chloride
solutions
as standards
for
were
used
time order
Comparison
a statistical
as
of
these
standards,
since
of magnitude
of
of
of
there
basis
the 2 groups
showed
that
them.
nation
The
t test
value
for this
of time data
showed
that
lower
mean
value
the fresh
samples
erences
in these
known
concentrations
and
experiments.
Specifically,
for
was
results
in the proteins
during
with
other
solutes.
the
stored
the
they
corresponded
osmotic
saliva
was
pressures
samples,
a significaimt
comparison
the distribution
frozen
was
samples,
with
possible
very
of
fresh
our
and
frozen,
was
the
value.
caused
chelation
examiwith
a
wider,
whereas
of
on
between
4.6. A cursory
curve
well
samples.
difference
narrower,
with
a higher
mean
are believed
to be artifacts
storage,
osmolalities
0.05 M NaCl
curve
for
The differby changes
the
proteins
References
1.
Hill,
A. V.,
Proc.
Roy.
A thmernmal
method
of measuring
Soc.
(Los-don)
Ser.
.4 127,
9
the
(1930).
vapor
pressure
of
an
aqueotms
solution,