<oological journal of the Linnean Society (1994). 110: 243-296 . With 42 figures
Pararnunnidae (Crustaea: Isopoda: Asellota)
from the Magellan Strait
HOLGER WINKLER
Uniuersitat Oldenburg: FB 7. Postfach 2503. 0-26111 Oldenburg. Germany
Received September 1992. accepted for publication I September 1993
.
Seven new species of Paramunnidae from the Magellan Strait are described. two of which are placed
in new genera: Paramunna magellanensis sp nov., P menziesi sp. nov., P parasimplex
sp nov., P p a t a g o n i d sp nov., Allorostrata ovalis gen et sp nov., Austrosignum
dentatum sp nov., and Magellianira sewata gem et sp nov Four known paramunnid
species from the same location are redescribed: Parammunna integra. P . simplex. P . subtriangulata and
Munnogonium hllerae . While investigating the genus Paramunna. two species of this group.
Acutomunna foliacea (Chardy. 1975) gen nov and Paramunna foresti Caruacho. 1977 were
removed. which involved the erection of a new genus. The allocation of P foresti remains
uncertain . Some diagnostic characters of the Paramunnidae and a key to the Magellanic species of
Paramunna are presented .
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ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS:-Acutomumna
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Allorostrata
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Magellianira
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Remarks on the Paramunnidae Vanhoffen. 1914 . . . . . . .
Species of the genus Paramunna Sars. 1866 . . . . . . . . .
Key to the Magellanic species of Paramunna
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Paramunna integra Nordenstam. 1933 . . . . . . . . .
Paramunna magellanensis sp nov. . . . . . . . .
Paramunna m e n x i & sp nov. . . . . . . . . . .
Paramunna simplex Menzies. 1962 . . . . . . . . . .
Paramunna parasimplex sp nov. . . . . . . . . .
Paramunna patagonieusis sp nov. . . . . . . . .
Paramunna subtriangulata (Richardson. 1908) . . . . . . .
Further results
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A h r o s t r a t a gen nov. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allorostrata ovalis sp nov. . . . . . . . . . .
Austrosignum dentatum sp nov. . . . . . . . . .
Magellianira gen nov. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Magellianira sewata sp nov. . . . . . . . . . .
Munnogonium tillerae (Menzies & Barnard. 1959) Bowman & Schultz. 1974
Accutomunna fofiacea (Chardy. 1975) gen nov. . . . . .
Removals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removal of Paramunna foresti Carracho. I977 . . . . . . .
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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0 1994 The Linnean Society of London
H. WINKLER
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INTRODUCTION
Most known isopods of Patagonia and the Magellanic region belong to the
suborder Asellota. Due to their tiny size many species are probably hitherto
undiscovered. The family Paramunnidae Vanhoffen, 1914 belongs to this
suborder. Just (1990) stated that Abyssianiridae Menzies, 1956, is a synonym of
Paramunnidae and fused both families. So until now, six paramunnid genera
with 13 species were known from this area, Paramunna Sars, 1866 being the most
frequent genus. This study adds seven species new to science; most of them
belong to the genus Paramunna, which now contains 10 Magellanic species. While
the author was trying to determine a new collection of paramunnid asellotes
from the Magellan Strait he found that many existing descriptions are
incomplete and that some isopods described as Paramunna do not belong to this
genus. Therefore it was necessary to prepare redescriptions of known species,
which were added to descriptions of new taxa.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The material examined was collected in April 1976 by Prof. Gallardo
(Universidad de Concepcibn, Chile) in the Magellan Strait a t locations listed in
Table 1; samples were taken with bottom grabs. The animals were fixed in
alcohol and examined in glycerine. Taxonomic drawings were prepared with the
help of a camera lucida.
Additional material, including available types, came from the Museum of
Natural History Stockholm, Sweden (NRS), the South African Museum Cape
TABLE
1. Station locations and sediment types
~
~~
Station
STA. HA
STA. HC
STA. HF
STA. HG
STA. HJ
STA. HK
STA. HL
STA. HM
STA. HN
STA. HO
STA. HP
STA. HS
STA. HT
STA. HU
STA. HW
STA. H X
STA. HZ
STA. HDD
STA. HGG
STA. HHH
STA. HKK
STA. HLL
STA. HOO
STA. HPP
STA. HSS
STATION K.
Station locations
52"36.0'S
52"34.5'S
52 38 . 0S
52"44.7'S
52"44.9's
52"38.5'S
52"34.1'S
52"34.5'S
52"38.5'S
52"32.5'S
52"39.3'S
52"39.9'S
52"44.0'S
52"37.3'S
52"25.4'S
52"29.1'S
52"32.2'S
52"20.8'S
52"40.1'S
52"46.5'S
52"14.2'S
52"17.0'S
5228.8's
52"42.2'S
52"44.I'S
locations unknown
7O0O4.9W
69"41.9'W
69"38.6'W
69"44.7'W
7Oo05.4'W
70" 1 1.5'W
69"58.1'W
69"52.0'W
7Oo10.5'W
69"53.4'W
69"45.8W
69"35.9'W
69"44.O'W
69O35.8W
69" 18.2'W
69"09.1'W
69"OO.7'W
68"49.0'W
69"57.4'W
70°01.9'W
69"06.7'W
69"20.5'W
69"28.4'W
7Oo11.5'W
7WO5.5'W
Depth
Sediment type
14-16 m
45-56 m
11 m
9m
10 m
12 m
10 m
12 m
25 m
I1 m
26 m
7-9 m
4-7 m
9m
13-15 m
10 m
12 m
17-21 m
41 m
35 m
11 m
10-11 m
I1 m
60 m
5G70 m
medium grey sand
rocks
rocks
barnacles and pebbles
barn acIes
barnacles and clay
shell and clay
barnacle clusters
clay and slates
shell and clay
rock and large shells
sand and shell
sand and barnacles
rock and stones
grey medium sand
grey medium sand
grey fine sand
*sample not continued*
slates
slates, barnacle clusters
fine sand
stones, shell on surface
rocks
rocks
shell, slates, sand
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
245
Town, South Africa (SAM), the Zoological Museum of Berlin, Germany
(ZMB), and the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen, Denmark (ZMUC). Holoand paratypes of the new species are deposited in the Zoological Museum of
Berlin.
Scale bars in the figures are valid for groups of appendages: e.g. for the
antennae, mouthparts, legs or pleopods; exceptions are indicated by additional
scale bars.
REMARKS ON THE PARAMUNNIDAE VANHOFFEN, 1914
There is some discussion in the literature to distinguish the Munnidae from a
second family, which contains Munna-like genera. Using a unique combination
of characters, such as a covered anus, the shape and the placement of antenna 2,
the absent or small mandibular palp with only a few terminal setae, or the
sagittate first male pleopod with apical setae on each ‘horn’. Wilson (1980)
discussed the historical classification of this group and re-evaluated the family
Paramunnidae Vanhoffen, 1914, as Pleurogoniidae; but this was later corrected
to Paramunnidae by Hooker ( 1985).
Just ( 1990) confirmed the concept of Paramunnidae, following Wilson ( 1980)
in describing the third article of antenna 2 as a main character, and stated that
“the length of article 3 varies considerably within the family . . . More consistent
than the elongation of the article 3 is its form.” Just (1990) pointed out that
Abyssianiridae is a synonym of Paramunnidae.
The present investigations show that dimorphism of the mandibles is common
within the Paramunnidae. The lacinia mobilis of the right mandible is reduced,
similar to a seta of the setal row, or absent.
One further previously unknown character is seen in the described
paramunnid species, which can be useful to distinguish the Paramunnidae from
the Munnidae: only in the Munnidae is the exopod of pleopod 4 laterally setose
with one or two terminal setulated setae; setae are absent in the Paramunnidae.
SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARAMUJNA SARS, 1866
Iley to the Magellanic species of Paramunna
2
with lateral cephalothoracic lobes or mid-frontal indentation
frontal margin straight, convex or with mid-frontal projection
3
2a well developed cephalothoracic lobes
P. integra
2b frontal margin concave
P. magellanensis
4
3a frontal margin more or less convex or slightly pointed
8
3b frontal margin with mid-frontal projection
4a lateral margins of pleotelson smooth
P. subtriangulata
4b lateral margins of pleotelson serrated
5
P. parasimplex
5a first pereonite large and butterfly-shaped
6
5b first pereonite not much larger than succeeding pereonites
6a uropods uniramous
P. simplex
6b uropods biramous
7
P. rnenziesi
7a frontal margin nearly straight
P. serrata
7b frontal margin convex vaulted
la
lb
H. WINKLER
246
9a
9b
8a lateral
8b lateral
mid-frontal
mid-frontal
margins of pleotelson smooth
P. patagoniensis
margins of pleotelson serrated
9
lobe projected into short and narrow rostrum P. rostrata
lobe not projected into short and narrow rostrum
P.
dentata
Paramunna integra Nordenstam, 1933
(Figs 1-4)
Material. 10 males, 0.82-1.04 mm; 10 females, 0.72-1.17 mm; station HSS. 5
males, 0.8-0.92 mm; 6 females, 0.9-1.01 mm; station HO. 1 male, 0.8 mm; 5
females, 0.75-0.83 mm; station HK. 2 males, 0.72 and 0.75 mm, 2 females, 0.69
and 0.75 mm; station HJ (this material was destroyed by an accident).
Distribution. Falkland Islands, Magellan Strait.
Description. Cephalothorax (Fig. 1) with 2 lateral frontal lobes on anterior
margin; short and thick lateral eyestalks on posterior half of cephalothorax
nearly as wide as anterior part of pereonite 1, dorsolateral eyes with 4 ommatidia
each; posterior margin nearly straight, cephalothorax not deeply recessed into
pereonite 1. Pereonites subequal in width, 1 to 4 setae on lateral margins.
Pereonites 1-4 medially subequal in length, half as long as cephalothorax
medially; pereonite 1 laterally 1.8 times as long as medially; pereonites 2-4
nearly rectangular, slightly backwardly rounded; pereonite 5 shortest, half as
long as 1-4, lateral parts directed backwards; last two pereonites 1.4 times as
long as pereonite 5, with lateral parts directed slightly posteriorly, lateral margin
of pereonite 7 posteriorly pointed. One free ovate pleonite, 5.5 times as broad as
long, half recessed into last pereonite. Pleotelson as long as pereonites 3-7
combined, broader than long; broadest near proximal margin, iateral margins
convex, projected into a blunt rounded posterior point; margins setose, lateral
margins serrated with about 19 short teeth on each side. Uropods backwardly
directed, in posterolateral indentations of pleotelson.
Antenna 1 (Fig. 1) 6-articulate. Article 1 largest, nearly as long as broad; 1
disto-medial seta. Article 2 narrower than previous, 2 distal feather-like setae.
Article 3 half as long and 0.4 times as broad as 1, 1 distomedial seta. Last 3
articles of subequal width, article 4 shortest, with 1 distolateral feather-like seta;
article 5 twice as long as previous; distal article as long as 3 and 4 combined,
distally with 1 aesthetasc and 1 seta, as long as articles 1 and 2 combined, and 4
short setae.
Peduncle of antenna 2 (Fig. 1 ) 6-articulate. First two articles are not seen in
Fig. 1. Article 3 twice as long as broad; 4 setae, 1 long seta distomedially. Article
4 0.4 times as long as 3, 1 distomedial seta. Article 5 nearly as long as article 3, 3
long setae distally, 1 seta in distal half, 1 medial feather-like seta. Peduncular
article 6 longest, as long as 4 and 5 combined, proximally very slender; distally 3
feather-like setae, 2 short simple setae and 3 simple setae surpassing first flagellar
article. Flagellum of 7 articles, decreasing in length and width distally; on
articles 2-6 1 to 3 distal setae; on last article 5 terminal setae, longest one as long
as flagellar articles 5-7 combined.
Small mandibular palp (Fig. 2) 3-segmented; article 1 and 2 of subequal
width; article 2 longest, 1.3 times as long as 1, row of setules on lateral margin of
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
uIuI 1'0
I
N
248
H. WINKLER
left mandible, 1 seta on right mandible; article 1 with mediodistal seta; last
article shortest, half as long as 1, 2 terminal setae, anteromedially directed.
Molar subcylindrical, distally slightly widened; ventral apex sinuate, formed by
short teeth; 1 seta ventromedially; 1 strong ventrolateral tooth, reaching lacinia
mobilis. Setal row of left mandible of 4 long setae; lacinia mobilis solid, with 4
teeth; incisor also 4-toothed. Setal row of right mandible of 3 feathered setae;
lacinia mobilis pectinate with serrated distal apex; incisor 5-toothed.
Maxilla 1 (Fig. 1) biramous; outer lobe distally curved medially, 10 strong
curved distal teeth. Inner lobe much narrower and shorter, 5 long apical setae.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 2) of 3 lobes; outer and middle lobes with 4 long and slender
curved setulated spine-like setae each; 9 terminal setulated setae on inner lobe, 3
short setae distally on medial margin.
Maxilliped (Fig. 1) with lanceolate epipodite, reaching third palpal article,
broad endite, and 5-segmented palp. Endite apically truncate, with a row of 4
apical setulated setae; 1 distomedial setulated seta dorsally; 2 coupling-hooks on
medial margin on the level of palpal article 1; 1 setulated seta in distal third of
medial margin. Palpal articles 1-3 broader than 4 and 5; articles 1 and 2
subequal in length, 3 1.5 times as long as 2; articles 4 and 5 subequal in width, 5
shortest. Articles 1-3 with 1 to 3 medially directed setae on (disto-)medial
margins, 1 additional midlateral seta on article 3; article 4 with 2 distal setae,
reaching to tip of last article; last article with 3 terminal and 2 subterminal setae,
longer than article.
Pereopods not clearly sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 2) nearly as long
as pereopods 2%7, articles very broad; a subchela is formed by the last 3 articles.
Ischium ventromedially rounded, twice as long as broad, 1 seta on dorsal
margin. Merus trapezoidal, 0.4 times as iong as ischium, distally nearly twice as
broad as proximally; 1 long, 2 short setae and a line of setules distoventrally, 1
seta distodorsally. Carpus broadest segment, trapezoidal, twice as long as merus
and distally twice as broad as proximally; ventrally 2 very long sensory spines
and 4 setae; 1 seta on dorsal margin. Propodus ovate, nearly twice as long as
broad, as long as ischium, but broader; 1 sensory spine, 1 seta, 3 tufts of setules
on or near ventral margin; 4 setae on border to dactylus, 1 seta dorsally.
Dactylus half as long and 1/3 as broad as carpus; 1 distal claw, 0.7 times as long
as dactylus; 1 short claw distoventrally, reaching proximal third of long claw; 4
setae on distal third of dactylus, 3 surpassing tip of short claw, 1 reaching to tip
of large claw.
Pereopods 2--7 (Figs 2, 3) not notably increasing in length posteriorly, shapes
and proportions of articles similar on each pereopod. Basis about 3.5 times as
long as broad, proximal part forming an angle of 45" with rest of basis; 1 or 2
setae on ventral margin, none or 1 seta on opposite margin, also 1 or 2 featherlike setae on pereopods 4-7. Ischium 0.8 times as long as basis, 1 to 3 setae,
mainly on or near ventral margin. Merus trapezoidal, distally broader than
proximaily, nearly half as long as ischium; distally 1 strong spine on pereopods
2-7 and 1 short seta on pereopods 3, 4, 5, 7 on dorsal margin and 1 short and 1
long seta on ventral margin. Carpus as long as ischium; a row of 2 or 3 spine-like
setae or sensory spines on ventral margin, 1 or 2 setae on dorsal margin, 1
additional feather-like seta on pereopods 3, 4; ventral tufts of setules on
pereopods 3, 5, 7 distally. Propodus nearly as long as carpus, a little narrower; 1
or 2 setae on ventral margin; distally 1 sensory spine and 1 seta ventrally; 1
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
249
250
H. WINKLER
feather-like seta and 1 or 2 simple setae dorsodistally. Dactylus shortest article, as
broad as propodus, longer than broad; 1 strong terminal claw, as long as
dactylus; 1 short, but relatively strong claw distoventrally; on distal third of
dactylus 1 long seta, nearly reaching tip of long claw, also 2 or 3 shorter setae,
surpassing tip of short claw or shorter.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 4) ‘T’-shaped; width of ‘horns’ approximately 80°/0 of
length of pleopod 1, 5 setae on each tip. 2 setae on ventral surface; apex blunt,
with 2 setae.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 4) expanded proximally, twice as long as
broad proximally; terminal article of endopod very long and slender; exopod
with distomedial hook.
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 4) nearly circular; 2 rows with 4 and 2 setae in
posterior hale 2 setae on apex.
Distal part of exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 4) pointed with long terminal seta,
point not reaching tips of setae of endopod. Endopod slender, twice as long as
broad in the middle; 3 distal pectinate setae; 1 short seta distomedially.
Pleopod 4 (Fig. 4) with pointed exopod, curved against endopod in distal halc
endopod ovate, twice as long as broad. Protopod half as long and as broad as
endopod.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 4) uniramous, shorter and narrower than pleopod 4.
Uropod (Fig. 4) biramous, rami subcylindrical; exopod with 4 terminal
feather-like setae, 3 simple setae on distal third, reaching tips of feather-like
setae; endopod 213 as long as exopod, 2 terminal setae, reaching tips of setae of
exopod. No sympod present.
Remarks. The material examined was identified with the help of the holotype
(NRS 778) and paratypes (NRS 7612) of Paramunna integra Nordenstam, 1933.
There are some differences between Nordenstam’s drawings (1933) and the
holotype. The diverging lobes of the cephalothorax, the eyestalks, and the shape
of first pereonite (anterolateral corners are shorter and more rounded than in
Nordenstam’s drawings) are similar to the new Magellanic specimens (Fig. 1 ).
O n the other hand the additional material (NRS 7612) shows a similar shape of
lobes to Nordenstam’s drawings. Also there are differences in the shapes of the
cephalothoracic lobes (see Fig. 1, habitus, 1’) in the present material. Though
variations are obvious, slightly different angles of view may show different shapes
of lobes and of pereonite 1.
The type material was accompanied by 5 slides. Those with maxilla 1,
maxilliped and male pleopod 2 are in very bad condition, and it seems that
bacteria destroyed the material; but Nordenstam’s drawings of maxilliped and
male pleopod 2 are similar to the material examined and pleopod 1 and male
pleopod 1 are identical.
Paramunna magellanensis sp. nov.
(Figs 5-8)
Etymology. P. magellanensis is named after its location.
Holotype. Female, 0.89 mm; station HU, ZMB 4184, 4185, and 26930.
Paratypes. Males from stations HL, HU and HM, ZMB 4186-4188, and 26930.
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
25 1
Additional material. 12 males, 0.7-0.86 mm; 8 females 0.8-1.28 mm; 2 juveniles
females; station H M .
Distribution. Known only from the Magellan Strait.
Description. Frontal line (Fig. 5) slightly concave, on medial-side of antennae
rounded protruding lobes. Shape of cephalothorax without eyestalks nearly
rectangular with anterior convexly rounded corners, as long as broad; midlateral
eyestalks not reaching width of pereonite 1, dorsolateral eyes with 3 ommatidia
each. First antennae inserting laterally, in front of eyestalks; cephalothorax
slightly recessed into pereonite 1. Pereonites 1-3 broadest, subequal in width.
Pereonite 1 with anterolaterally convexly rounded margins; lateral margins of 2
and 3 straight; pereonite 1 recessed into 2; pereonite 3 longest of all; pereonite 2
3/4 as long as 3, pereonite 1 0.9 times as long. Last four pereonites narrower than
1-3, subequal in length, as long as pereonite 2. Lateral parts of pereonite 5
slighly posteriorly rounded, with 1 or 2 lateral setae. Coxae dorsally visible on
last 3 pereonites, with 1 or 2 setae. Pereonites 6 and 7 with posteriorly directed
lateral parts with convexly rounded margins; a lateral cleft between pereonites 5
and 6. Pereonite 7 narrowest, 1.3 times as long as 6, anteriorly recessed into 6. 1
free ovate pleonite completely recessed into last pereonite. Pleotelson not notably
broader than long, broadest in proximal fourth; dorsolateral uropods on distal
fourth; margins of pleotelson setose; lateral margins with 5 to 6 large posterially
directed teeth.
Antenna 1 (Fig. 5 ) with 6 long and slender articles, article 1 longest and
broadest, twice as long as broad, 1 distomedial seta. Article 2 3 / 4 as long and
broad as 1; 3 feather-like setae, 2 simple setae distomedially. Article 3 half as
long and broad as 1. Last 3 articles subequal in width, article 4 shortest, with 1
distolateral feather-like seta; article 5 longer than previous; distal article as long
as second, with 1 aesthetasc as long as articles 1 and 2 combined, 1 terminal seta
a little shorter than aesthetasc and 5 short setae.
Peduncle of antenna 2 (Fig. 5) 6-articulate. First article small, second nearly
circular. Article 3 large, with 2 convex protrusions on lateral margin (Fig. 5, 1’),
a small one in proximal fourth and a large one medially; 1 seta on proximal, 2
setae on distal protrusion; 2 disto-medial setae. Peduncular article 4 shortest, 2
medial setae. Article 5 twice as long as 4,4 setae in distal half. Article 6 longest,
as long as 3 and 4 combined, distally 1.5 times as broad as proximally; 1 seta on
midrnedial margin, 3 feather-like setae and 3 simple setae distally. Flagellum of 7
articles, decreasing in length and width distally; on proximal 6 articles 2 to 4
distal setae; on distal article 5 terminal setae, longest as long as flagellar articles
4-6 combined.
Mandibular palp (Fig. 6) 3-segmented; article 1 and 2 subequal in length and
width, 2.5 times as long as broad, 1 seta distally on article 1, 1 in distal half of
article 2; terminal article posterially directed, 0.4 times as long as others, distally
pointed, with 1 terminal setulated seta, longer than article and 1 further seta.
Molar subcylindrical, ventral apex serrated, with short sharp teeth; 1 short tooth
on ventromedial corner, 1 strong tooth ventrolaterally. Setal row of 4 setae.
Lacinia mobilis on left mandible solid, with 4 teeth; incisor also 4-toothed.
Lacinia mobilis on right mandible absent; incisor 5-toothed.
Maxilla 1 (Fig. 6) biramous; outer lobe distally curved medially, 9 strong
curved distal teeth, 1 seta near apical margin; inner lobe narrower and shorter
than lateral, 5 apical setulated setae.
252
H. WINKLER
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
253
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 6) of 3 lobes; outer and middle lobes with 3 long and slender
curved setulated spine-like setae each; 5 terminal setulated setae on inner lobe, 3
setae distomedially.
Maxilliped (Fig. 6) with triangular epipodite reaching third palpal article,
slender endite, and 5-segmented palp. Endite having a apical row of 4 smooth
setae and 1 setulated seta; 1 denticulated seta on ventral surface of endite, 1
strong setulated seta on a socket dorsally near apical margin; 1 tooth on
distomedial corner; 2 coupling-hooks on medial margin on the level of palpal
article 1. Palpal articles 1-3 broader than 4 and 5; article 1 3/4 as long as 2,
article 2 with rounded distal margin, article 3 twice as long as 1; article 4 shorter
and narrower than previous; terminal article shortest and narrowest. Segments
1-4 with 1 to 3 medially directed setae on medial margins, as long as articles or
shorter, 1 additional distolateral seta on 3; last article with 3 terminal setae,
longer than article.
Pereopods not sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 6) nearly as long as
pereopod 2, articles wider, forming a subchela between the distal 3 articles. Basis
more than 3 times as long as broad, 1 seta on middorsal margin, 1 distoventrally.
Ischium half as long as basis, 2 setae in distal half. Merus trapezoidal, distally
broader than proximally; as long as broad in broadest place; 1 long, 1 short
spine-like seta distoventrally and 2 setae distodorsally. Carpus 1.4 times as long
as merus, longer than broad, broadest in the middle; 2 long sensory spines and 3
setae ventrally; 2 setae on dorsal margin. Propodus ovate, 0.9 times as long as
ischium; ventral margin sinuate; 1 sensory spine and 3 setae ventrally; 2 setae
distodorsally, 1 seta on middorsal margin. Dactylus 1/3 as long and broad as
carpus; 1 distal claw as long as dactylus; 1 shorter, slender claw ventrodistally,
surpassing half of long claw; 4 setae on last third of dactylus.
Pereopods 2-7 (Figs 6-8) increasing in length posteriorly, but of subequal
shapes and proportions of articles. Basis 4 times as long as broad, proximal part
forming a small angle with rest of basis; 1 to 3 setae on ventral margin, none or 1
further seta as seen on the drawings, 1 or 2 feather-like setae on middorsal
margin of pereopods 4-6. Ischium shorter than basis, with 3 or 4 setae. Merus
trapezoidal, half as long as basis, distally broader than proximally; 1 or 2 (spinelike) setae distodorsally, l spine-like seta and l or 2 simple setae distoventrally.
Carpus elongated, as long as ischium; a row of 3 setae on ventral margin, 0 to 2
setae on middorsal margin, 1 or 2 setae and 1 feather-like seta distally. Propodus
as long as carpus; 1 short sensory spine and 2 to 5 setae distally, on pereopods 3
and 6 a feather-like seta dorsodistally; 1 or 2 setae on midventrai margin.
Dactylus shortest article; 1 curved terminal claw, as long as dactylus or longer; 1
very small claw distoventrally; on last third of dactylus 1 long seta, nearly
reaching tip of long claw and 1 to 4 short setae, surpassing tip of short claw or
shorter.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 8) expanded in posterior half, forming blunt lateral
‘horns’; width of expansion approximately 50% of length of pleopod 1 , 5 setae on
each tip, 2 setae on basis of ‘horns’; posterior margins projected into convexly
rounded points, 2 setae near posterior apex.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 8) proximally 5 times as broad as distally;
rounded lateral setose margin; endpod reaching tip of protopod, second article
curved and laterally directed, blunt rounded point indicates immaturity; exopod
distally slightly concave.
'S7
'
0.1 mm
(
male paratype.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 7. Paramunna magellanensis sp. nov. Opc, operculum of female holotype. P3, P4, PS, P6, pereopods 3-6 of malr paratype. Fig. 8. Paramunna magellanensis sp.
nov. Plp3(F), Plp4(F), Urp, pleopods 3 and 4, uropod offemale holotype. P7, Plpl ( M ), Plp,P(M), PlpS(M), percopod 7 (see scale bar on other pereopods), pleopods I , 2, 3 of
E
E
1
0
Plp2
7
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
255
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 77) ovate, lateral margins convexly rounded,
posteriorly produced into a rounded apex, 1.2 times as long as broad; margins
setose.
Distal part of exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 8) pointed, with long terminal seta;
endopod lanceolate, with 3 pectinate setae.
Pointed exopod of pleopod 4 (Fig. 8) reaching tip of endopod; endopod
proximally 3 times as broad as distally, twice as long as broad proximally;
protopod shorter, nearly as broad as endopod.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 8) uniramous, shorter and narrower than pleopod 4.
Uropod (Fig. 8) biramous, rami subcylindrical; exopod 3 times as long as
endopod, 5 terminal feather-like setae, 3 simple setae on distal third, surpassing
tips of feather-like setae; endopod with 2 terminal setae, reaching tips of setae of
exopod.
Remarks. Many characters of Paramunna magellanensis are similar to P. capensis
Vanhoffen, 1914, which seems to be the closest relative to the former. But in
comparison with specimens of P. capensis from the South African Museum (SAM
A 40072), differences are obvious. The anterolateral parts of the cephalothorax
are larger in P. capensis. The lateral margins of pereonites 6 and 7 of P. capensis
are not as clearly posterolaterally directed as in P. magellanensis. Only in P.
magellanensis coxae on pereonites 3-7 are dorsally visible. Also the shapes of the
pleotelson (elongated in P. capensis, as long as broad in P. magellanensis) separate
them as different species. A free pleonite is present in both species, though it is
not shown in Vanhoffen’s drawing ( 1914) of P. capensis.
Paramunna menxiesi sp. nov.
(Figs 9-12)
Etymology. This species is named after R. J. Menzies, who identified it as P.
kerguelensis Vanhoffen, 1914.
Holotype. Male, 0.74 mm; station HU, ZMB 4198-4200, and 26932.
Paratypes. Males and females from station HU, ZMB 4201-4203, and 26932.
Menzies (1962) published 1 male, 0.8 mm.
Additional material. 5 males 0.65-0.8 mm; 7 females 0.58-0.85 mm; 2 juvenile
females 0.42 and 0.43 mm; station HU.
Distribution. Southern Chile, Magellan Strait.
Description. Frontal margin (Fig. 9) nearly straight. Antenna 1 laterally on first
half of cephalothorax in concave indentations, framed by the anterolateral
margins and the eyestalks. Antenna 2 ventrally under first. Lateral eyestalks
reaching anterior width of pereonite 1, dorsolateral eyes with 5 ommatidia each.
Cephalothorax backwardly recessed into pereonite 1. Pereonite 1 anterolaterally
directed and with rounded lateral parts. 1 or 2 setae on lateral margins of
pereonites 1-7. Pereonites 2 and 3 broadest, subequal, 1.5 to 2 times longer than
pereonite 1. Pereonites 4-6 decreasing in width posteriorly, of subequal length,
lateral parts slightly caudally directed and with rounded margins. Pereonite 7
shortest, with posterolaterally directed lateral parts and rounded lateral margins,
surpassing pleonite caudally. One free pleonite completely recessed into
pereonite 7, rectangular, with rounded corners, twice as long as pereonite 7.
Pleotelson ovoid, in the centre as broad as long. Lateral margins with 8 to 10
teeth, 1 seta dorsolaterally where the pleotelson is broadest, 10 setae on posterior
256
H. WINKLER
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
257
apex. Uropods inserting dorsolaterally on posterior third of pleotelson; concave
indentations of margins beneath uropods.
Antenna 1 (Fig. 9) 6-articulate, first and second article of subequal width; first
article with 3 setae on or near distal margin; article 2 with 3 feather-like setae
distolaterally and further simple setae as shown. Article 3 half as long and broad
as previous. Article 4 shortest, with 1 distal seta. Apical article longest of distal 3
articles; terminally with I aesthetasc and 1 seta of similar length, 4 short setae.
Peduncle of antenna 2 (Fig. 9) 6-articulate; proximal article not to been seen
in Fig. 9. Article 3 with lateral small convex protrusion, bearing 1 seta
proximally, 5 further setae; peduncular article 4 shortest, half as long as 2, 2
distomedial setae; article 5 longer and a little narrower than 4, distally 2 setae
and a lateral feather-like seta; article 6 longest, proximally narrower than
distally, 3 setae on medial margin, 5 feather-like setae distally. Flagellum of 7
articles, articles 1 and 2 longest, narrower than distal penduncular article;
remaining articles decreasing in length and width to tip, 2 to 4 setae of varying
length on these articles; 8 terminal setae on distal article, longest one as long as
flagellar articles 3-7 combined.
Mandibular palp absent.
Subcylindrical molar (Fig. 9), proximal border of grinding surface serrated
with short teeth, 1 seta on proximal surface, a strong tooth on ventrolateral
corner. Setal row of 4 setae on left mandible, distal one broad and serrated;
lacinia mobilis solid with 4 teeth, incisor 4-toothed. Setal row on right mandible
with 3 or 4 setulated setae, lacinia mobilis trapezoidal with serrated distal
margin; incisor 5-toothed.
Outer lobe of maxilla 1 (Fig. 10) distally curved medially, apically with 8
strong, curved teeth; inner lobe shorter and narrower, 3 (5?) spine-like setulated
setae.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 10) of 3 lobes; outer and middle ones with 3 setulated setae on
tip each; inner lobe with 8 apical setulated setae.
Maxilliped (Fig. 10) with lanceolate epidodite, 3 times as long as broad,
reaching third palpal article. Endite nearly rectangular, palp 5-segmented.
Endite having a row of 3 setae on distal margin, 2 setae near distal margin
ventrally, 1 dorsally; 1 large and strong, 1 short tooth distomedially; 2 couplinghooks in the middle of medial margin. Palpal articles 1-3 broader than 4 and 5;
1, 2 and 5 shortest, of subequal length; articles 3 and 4 twice as long as the
others. Segments 1-4 with 1 to 3 medially directed setae on medial margins of
each, shorter than articles; last article with 4 terminal setae, as long as article.
Pereopods not sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 10) shorter than
pereopods 2-7, articles wider, a subchela formed by the distal 3 articles. Basis
more than twice as long as broad, 3 setae on margins. Ischium 3 / 4 as long as
basis. Merus trapezoidal, distally twice as broad as long; 1 long, 2 short spinelike setae distoventrally and l spine-like seta distodorsally; l seta on ventral
margin. Carpus broadest article, trapezoidal; distally 1.7 times as broad as long,
half as long as basis; 2 long sensory spines, 3 setae, 2 cuticular scales ventrally; 1
distal seta dorsally. Propodus ovate, as long as ischium; 1 sensory spine and 1
spine-like seta ventrally; further setation as seen in Fig. 10. Dactylus 1/3 as long
and broad as propodus; 1 distal claw, 1/3 longer than propodus; 1 short claw on
distal third of dactylus; 4 setae on last third of dactylus.
Pereopods 2-7 (Figs 10, 11) subequal in length, shape and proportions of
258
H. WINKLER
articles. Basis, carpus and propodus of subequal length; basis 3 times as long as
broad, 0 to 4 setae on dorsal margins, 2 additional middorsal feather-like setae
on pereopod 4. Ischium of similar size as basis, 1 to 3 setae. Merus trapezoidal,
half as long as basis, distally 1.5 times broader than proximally; 2 or 3 spine-like
setae distally. Carpus with 2 setae on ventral margin, a sensory spine replacing 1
seta on pereopod 6; 1 middorsal seta on pereopods 3, 4,6; 1 to 3 spine-like setae
on ventral margin. Propodus with 2 or 3 setae distodorsally; 1 seta in the middle
of ventral margin, 1 sensory spine and 0 to 2 setae distoventrally. Dactylus
shortest article; 1 curved terminal claw, as long as dactylus; 1 very small claw
distoventrally; 2 or 3 setae on last third of dactylus, 1 of these nearly reaching tip
of large claw.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 11) distally forming a pair of blunt lateral ‘horns’, width
of expansion approximately 50% of length of pleopod 1, 4 setae on each horn, 2
setae more proximally. Posterior margins projected into a rounded point,
bearing 2 setae each.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 12) longer than broad, proximally widened;
rounded lateral setose margin; endopod surpassing tip of protopod, second
article curved and laterally directed; exopod distally concave.
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 11) ovoid, posteriorly produced into a broad
rounded apex, 1.3 times as long as broad; lateral margins setose, 4 apical setae.
Distal part of exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 12) pointed with a strong terminal
seta, point not reaching tips of setae of endopod; endopod with 3 pectinate setae.
Pointed exopod of pleopod 4 (Fig. 12) reaching distal fourth of endopod;
endopod 2.5 times as long as broad; protopod shorter, nearly as broad as
endopod.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 12) uniramous, narrower than pleopod 4, more than 3 times
as long as broad.
Uropod (Fig. 12) biramous, rami subcylindrical; exopod twice as long as
endopod, 5 terminal feather-like setae, 3 simple setae on distal third, 1 longer
than exopod; endopod with 2 terminal setae, surpassing tip of exopod.
Remarks. Menzies (1962) described specimens from South Chile as Paramunna
kerguelensis Vanhoffen, 1914. But the drawings clearly show differences between
the shapes of the pleotelson and especially of single pereonites. Lateral
indentations between the pereonites and the laterally pointed pereonites 5-7 seen
on Vanhoffen’s drawing are not present in Menzies’ animals. Material from
the Magellan Strait (Figs 9-12) is similar to Menzies’ form and also does not
have the characters of Vanhoffen’s material, either in males or in females. Also
the distribution makes it probable that there are two different species:
Vanhoffen’s material is from the Kerguelen Islands, and Menzies’ material is
from South Chile.
Paramunna simplex Menzies, 1962
(Figs 13-16)
Material. 21 females, 0.6-1.15 mm; 7 males, 0.61-0.8 mm; station HP. 181
females, 0.52-1.18 mm; 71 males, 0.55-0.95 mm; station H U .
Distribution. South Chile, Magellan Strait.
Description. Frontal margin (Fig. 13) convexly rounded, not pointed. Lateral
eyestalks on second half of cephalothorax reaching anterior margin of pereonite
0.1 mm
Fig. 11.
il
'
-.-
Plp4(M)
ow' mm
PlpS(M)
a
E
E
Fig. 12.
Pig. 11. Paramumma menziesi sp. nov. Plpl (M) P5, P6, P7, pereopods 5-7, pleopod 1 of male. Opc, operculum of female. Fig. 12. Paramunna menziesi sp. nov.
PIp2(M), PIpS(M), Plp4[M), Plp5(M), Urp, pleopods 2-5, uropod of male.
.
W
i
N
n
260
H. WINKLER
1, dorsolateral eyes with 3 ommatidia each. Cephalothorax deeply recessed into
pereonite 1. Pereonite 1 laterally less than 3 times longer than medially; 2 setae
on lateral margins of pereonites 1 and 3-7, 3 setae on margins of pereonite 2.
Pereonite 2 broadset, pereonites 2-6 decreasing caudally very slightly in width,
pereonite 2 medially 1.5 times as long as 1 and half as long laterally. Pereonites 3
and 4 of subequal length, pereonites 5-7 with convexly rounded lateral margins;
pereonite 5 shortest; pereonites 6 and 7 with posterolaterally directed lateral
parts, those of pereonite 7 reaching beyond first fifth of pleotelson; pereonite 7
narrowest. One free ovate pleonite completely recessed into pereonite 7.
Pleotelson ovoid, proximal part as broad as pleonite, margins tapering to
rounded apex; pleotelson as long as pereonites 2-7 combined, in broadest place
proximally half as broad as long; lateral margins serrated, with 8 teeth, a pair of
setae dorsolaterally near broadest place, 6 setae on apex. Posterolaterally
directed uropods dorsolaterally on posterior third of pleotelson.
First article of 6-articulated antenna 1 (Fig. 13) 0.8 times as long as second
article, 1 seta and 1 feather-like seta distolaterally. Article 2 with 1 seta and 4
feather-like setae distally. Article 3 half as long and broad as 2, 1 distal seta.
Distal 3 articles cylindrical, shorter and narrower than proximal 3 articles;
article 4 with 2 distal setae; on tip of article 6 one aesthetasc, 1 seta 3/4 as long as
aesthetasc, 5 short setae.
Peduncle of antenna 2 (Fig. 14) 6-articulate; first article is not and second not
well seen in Fig. 14. Article 3 proximally with lateral convex protrusion with
single seta, 4 further setae on lateral margins; peduncular article 4 shortest, half
as long as article 3, 2 setae; article 5 a little narrower than 4, 3 distal setae; article
6 iongest, a row of 4 setae on medial margin, 3 setae and 4 feather-like setae
distally. Flagellum of 7 articles, first article longest, 1/4 of length of flagellum, 1
short seta distally; articles 2-7 slightly decreasing in length and width distally,
with 2 to 4 distal setae each.
Mandibles (Fig. 14) with short and slender 3-articulated mandibular palp;
articles subequal in width; article 1 0.8 times as long as article 2, 1 seta on tip;
article 2 longest; last article half as long as article 2, directed towards body of
mandible, 2 terminal spine-like setae. Subcylindrical molar, serrated, with short
teeth, 2 setae on proximal margin of grinding surface of left mandible, 1 strong
tooth on ventrodistal margin. Setal row of 3 setae on left mandible, 1 seta
denticulated; lacinia mobilis solid with 4 teeth, incisor 2 (?)-toothed.Setal row on
right mandible with 4 denticulated setae, lacinia mobilis rectangular with
serrated distal margin; incisor 5-toothed.
Outer lobe of maxilla 1 (Fig. 13) distally curved medially, apically with 12
strong curved teeth; inner lobe narrower, 5 spine-like setulated setae.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 13) of 3 lobes; lateral and middle ones with 3 setulated setae
on tip each; inner lobe with 5 long setulated setae, 2 short setae distally, 5
setulated setae on distomedial margin.
Maxilliped (Fig. 13) with lanceolate epipodite, 2.5 times as long as broad,
reaching third palpal article; endite nearly rectangular, palp 5-segmented.
Endite having a row of 3 distal spine-like setae, two deticulated setae near distal
margin ventrally, 1 dorsally; 1 strong distomedial tooth; 2 coupling-hooks
proximally on medial margin. Palpal articles 1-3 broader than 4 and 5; 1 and 5
shortest, of subequal length, article 2 a little shorter than 3; articles 3 and 4 1.5
times as long as article 1. Articles 1 and 2 with 1 or 2 medially directed setae on
Fig. 13.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 13. Purumunna simplex Menzies, 1962. Male. A l , Mxl, Mx2, Mxp, first antenna, maxilla 1 and 2, maxilliped offemale. Fig. 14. Purnmunnn simplex Menzies, 1962. A2, IMd,
rMd, PI(F), second antenna, left and right mandible, 1st pereopod of female. P I ( M ) , 1st pereopod of male.
262
H. WINKLER
medial margin; 1 seta laterally and 3 setae medially on article 3; articles 4 and 5
with 3 and 5 setae distally; medial and terminal setae about as long as article 3 .
Only pereopods 1 sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 14) of male and
female shorter than pereopods 2-7, articles broader; articles of pereopod 1 of
male broader than those of females; carpus with different shapes and lengths in
both sexes. Basis ovate, 2 setae. Ischium 2/3 as long as basis, 3 setae. Merus
trapezoidal; distally 2 long spine-like setae ventrally and 1 seta dorsally; 3
additional setae may occur. Carpus broadest segments in both sexes, longer in
males than in females; tooth proximally and indentation distally on ventral
margin of carpus of female; 2 long sensory spines and 2 setae ventrally, 1 seta
distodorsally; 1 short sensory spine on distal margin of female pereopod 1 .
Propodus ovate; 2 sensory spines and 3 setae ventrally; 3 setae distodorsally, 1
seta on dorsal margin of propodus of male; ventral tufts of setules (3 on male, 4
on female pereopod 1 ) . Dactylus 1/3 as long and broad as propodus; 1 short
ventral claw on last third; 1 claw distodorsally, as long as dactylus; 4 setae on last
third of dactylus.
Pereopods 2--7 (Figs 15, 16) posteriorly slightly increasing in length, but with
similar shapes and proportions of articles. Basis longest article, proximal part
forming an angle of about 45" with rest of basis; 1 to 3 setae on dorsal margins; 1
feather-like seta mediodorsally on pereopods 5 and 6, 2 on pereopod 7. Ischium
0.8 times as long as basis, 2 to 3 setae. Merus trapezoidal, half as long as ischium;
1 spine-like seta distodorsally, 1 additional seta in this place on pereopods 4 and
7; 1 spine-like seta distoventrally; 1 or 2 setae near or on distoventral corner; 1
seta in the middle of ventral margin of pereopods 2, 3, 5. Carpus as long as
ischium; 1 seta, 1 feather-like seta distodorsally; a row of 3 to 5 spine-like setae or
sensory spines on ventral margin; 1 or 2 setae on opposite margin. Propodus 0.7
times as long as carpus; 1 seta and 1 feather-like seta distodorsally, 1 or 2 setae on
dorsal margins; 1 sensory spine, 1 seta distoventrally, 1 to 4 setae on ventral
margin. Dactylus shortest article; 1 curved terminal claw, a little longer than
dactylus; 1 very small claw distoventrally; 2 or 3 setae on last third of dactylus, 1
reaching tip of large claw.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 16) expanded in posterior third, forming 2 lateral
'horns', width of expansion approximately 50% of length of pleopod 1, 5 setat on
each tip; posterior margins projected into a rounded point, 4 marginal setae
posteriorly.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 16) longer than broad, proximally twice as
broad as distally; rounded lateral margin setose; endopod not reaching tip of
protopod, second article curved and laterally directed; exopod nearly
rectangular, distally slightly concave.
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 16) pentagonal, 1.4 times as long as broad;
posteriorly produced into a rounded apex, 2 pairs of setae on posterior margins.
Distal article of exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 16) pointed, with strong terminal
seta, reaching tips of setae of endopod; endopod with 3 pectinate setae.
Pointed exopod of pleopod 4 (Fig. 16) reaching distal third of endopod;
endoped twice as long as broad; protopod shorter, as broad as endopod.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 16) uniramous, narrower than pleopod 4, 3 times as long as
broad.
Uropod (Fig. 16) uniramous, ramus subcylindrical, 3 times as long as broad; 3
terminal feather-like setae, on distal half 2 lateral simple setae, longer than
ramus, 1 simple seta in subterminal indentation.
0
.
1
7.
PlP5tF)
, ~
Fig. 16.
6. Paramunna simplex Menzies, 1962. P7, Plpl(M), PIpZ(M), Urp, pereopod 7 (see
Plp5(F), operculum, pleopods 3-5 of female.
Plp4(F)
m
w
N
264
H. WINKLER
Remarks. The specimens were identified with the help of Menzies’ paper
(1962). Typical characters seen on his drawings are identical with the
Patagonian material: serrated lateral margins of the pleotelson, presence of only
a single seta on each lateral margin of pleotelson, small and uniramous uropods,
and the shape of carpus of female pereopod 1. Nevertheless differences are
present. The frontal margin is flatter on Menzies’ drawings than in the examined
specimens. Moreover, Menzies shows lateral clefts between pereonites 3 and 4
and the female operculum is more ovoid than in the material examined.
Paramunna parasimplex sp. nov.
(Figs 17-20)
Etymology. The Greek prefix ‘para’ means ‘by the side of but also expresses
‘subsidiary relation’ or ‘alteration’; P. parasimplex differs from the closely related
species P. simplex.
Holotype. Male, 1.1 mm; station HU, ZMB 41794181, and 26929.
Paratypes. Males from station HU, ZMB 4182, 4183, and 26929. Only males
were found.
Additional material. 42 males 0.5-1 .O mm; station HU.
Distribution. Known only from the Magellan Strait.
Description. Frontal margin (Fig. 17) slightly convexly rounded, not pointed.
Antenna 1 inserting dorsolaterally on first half of cephalothorax. Antenna 2
inserting ventrally under first. Lateral eyestalks not reaching width of pereonite
1, dorsolateral eyes with 3 ommatidia each. Cephalothorax of peculiar shape and
deeply recessed into pereonite 1. Very large butterfly-shaped pereonite 1,
laterally as long as cephalothorax and nearly 4 times as long as medially, muscles
clearly visible; 5 setae on lateral margins of pereonite 1, 4 on pereonite 2 and 2
on margins of pereonites 3-7. Pereonite 2 broadest, pereonites 2-6 decrease
slightly in width; pereonites 2-4 medially of subequal length. Pereonite 5 with
rounded and posterolaterally directed lateral margins. Pereonites 6 and 7 with
posterolaterally directed lateral parts, those of pereonite 7 reaching first third of
pleotelson; pereonite 7 narrowest and medially shortest. One free ovate pleonite
completely recessed into pereonite 7. Pleotelson ovoid, proximal part as broad as
pleonite, margins posteriorly produced into convexly rounded point; pleotelson
as long as pereonites 2-7 combined, maximally half as broad as long; lateral
margins serrated, with 6 long teeth on each side, 2 apical setae. Posterolaterally
directed uropods dorsolaterally on posterior third of pleotelson. Pleopod 1
surpassing pleotelson apically.
Proximal article of 6-articulated antenna 1 (Fig. 17) largest, with 2 setae and 1
feather-like seta. Article 2 of similar length, but narrower, 2 lateral setae. Article
3 half as long and broad as 2, 1 seta, as long as article, 2 further short setae.
Article 4 as long as article 2, a little narrower, 1 seta and 1 feather-like seta
distally. Distal two articles cylindrical, half as long as article 1 each; 3 setae on
article 5; on tip of article 6 one aesthetasc, as long as last 2 articles combined, 1
long and 8 short setae.
Peduncle of antenna 2 (Fig. 17) 6-articulate; first 2 articles are not seen in Fig.
17. Article 3 proximally with lateral convex protrusion, bearing 1 single seta, 2
further setae; article 4 shortest, 1/3 as long as article 3, 2 setae; article 5 narrower
than article 4, 3 setae, 1 feather-like seta distally; distal peduncular article
1
.
Fig 18.
Fig. 17.
Fig. 17. Paramunnaparasimplex sp. nov. Male holotype. A l , first antenna of male holotypc A2, Mxl, Mx2, second antenna, maxilla 1 and 2 of male paratype. Fig. 18
Paramunna parasimplex sp. nov. IMd, Mxp, left mandible, maxilliped of holotype. rMd, PI, P2, right mandible, pereopod 1 and 2 of male paratypes.
266
H.WINKLER
longest, twice as long as article 5; medial and lateral rows of 5 and 3 setae, 3
feather-like setae and 1 simple seta distally. Flagellum of 8 articles; first longest,
with 2 lateral, 2 distal seta, articles 2-8 slightly decreasing in length and width,
with 1 to 4 setae distally each.
Mandibles (Fig. 18) with slender 3-articulated mandibular palp; articles
decreasing distally slightly in width; article 1 0.8 times as long as 2, 1 seta on tip,
as long as article; article 2 longest, 1 (setulated) seta distally; last article half as
long as 2, directed towards body of mandible, 3 terminal spine-like setulated
setae. Subcylindrical molar with short teeth, 2 apical setae on grinding surface of
left mandible, 1 strong tooth on ventrodistal margin. Setal row of 4 denticulated
setae on left mandible; lacinia mobilis solid with 4 teeth, incisor 4-toothed. Setal
row on right mandible of 4 denticulated setae, lacinia mobilis with serrated distal
margin; incisor 5-toothed.
Outer lobe of maxilla 1 (Fig. 1 7 ) distally curved medially, apically with 10
short curved setulated teeth, 1 seta on distal part of lobe; inner lobe narrower, 3
spine-like setulated setae, longer than teeth of outer lobe.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 17) of 3 lobes; outer and middle lobes with 3 setulated setae on
tip each; inner lobe with setulated setae on 3 levels, 4 on outer, 2 on central and
1 setulated seta with socket and 1 short seta on inner level.
Maxilliped (Fig. 18) with ovate epipodite, twice as long as broad, endite
nearly rectangular, palp 5-segmented. Endite having a row of 3 spine-like setae
and 2 short setae on distal margin; two pectinate setae near distal margin
ventrally, 1 setulated seta dorsally; 1 strong distomedial tooth; on medial margin
1 setulated seta distally and 2 coupling-hooks. Palpal article 1 broadest; articles 1
and 2 shortest, subequal in length. Articles 3 and 4 twice as long as 1 and half as
broad; 2 distal setae on article 3, 3 on article 4. Last article narrower than
previous article, 0.5 times as long; 5 terminal setae, as long as segment 4 or
shorter.
Pereopod 1 (Fig. 18) a little shorter than pereopods 2-7, segments wider, last
three articles forming a subchela. Basis with 2 setae dorsally. Ischium less than
half as long as basis, 2 distal setae. Merus trapezoidal, half as long as ischium;
distally 4 long setae ventrally and 1 seta dorsally. Carpus as broad as merus
distally, half as long as basis; 2 long sensory spines, 3 setae and 3 cuticular scales
ventrally; 1 seta dorsodistally. Propodus as long as carpus, but less wide; 1
sensory spine, 1 spine-like seta and 1 further seta on palm. Dactylus 1/3 as long
and broad as propodus; 1 short claw on last third ventrodistally; 1 strong distal
claw, as long as dactylus; 5 setae on last third of dactylus, 1 reaching tip of long
claw.
Pereopods 2-7 (Figs 18-20) of subequal shapes and lengths. Basis longest
article, proximal part forming an angle of about 45" with rest of basis; 1 to 3
setae on margins; 1 feather-like seta mediodorsally on pereopods 5 and 7, 2 on
pereopods 4 and 6. Ischium 0.8 times as long as basis, with 2 to 3 setae. Merus
trapezoidal, 1/3 as long as basis; 1 spine-like seta distodorsally, 1 additional seta
in this place on pereopods 2 and 5-7; 1 distal spine-like seta ventrally; 1 or 2
setae near or on distoventral corner; 1 midventral seta. Carpus as long as
ischium, with 1 feather-like seta, 1 simple seta distodorsally; a row of 3 to 6 spinelike setae or slender setae on ventral margin; l seta on opposite margin.
Propodus 0.9 times as long as carpus; 1 feather-like seta and 1 simple seta
dorsodistally, 2 setae on dorsal margins; 1 sensory spine ventrodistally, further
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
26 7
d
268
H. WINKLER
ventral setae as seen in Fig. 19. Dactylus shortest article; 1 curved terminal claw,
as long as dactylus; 1 small claw distoventrally; 4 or 5 setae on last third of
dactylus, 1 nearly reaching tip of large claw.
Pleopod 1 (Fig. 20) expanded in posterior third, with blunt lateral ‘horns’,
width of expansion approximately 50% of length of pleopod 1, 5 setae on each
lateral tip; posterior margins projected into a rounded point, with 2 distal setae.
Protopod of pleopod 2 (Fig. 20) ovate, more than twice as long as broad;
lateral margin setose; endpod surpassing tip of protopod, second article curved;
exopod stout.
Distal article of exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 20) pointed, with strong terminal
seta, slightly surpassing tips of setae of endopod; endopod with 3 pectinate setae.
Pointed exopod of pleopod 4 (Fig. 20) reaching distal third of endopod;
endopod 1.8 times as long as broad; protopod shorter, as broad as endopod.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 20) uniramous, narrower than pleopod 4, twice as long as
broad proximally.
Uropod (Fig. 20) uniramous, ramus subcylindrical, 3 times as long as broad; 5
terminal feather-like setae; on distal half 3 lateral simple setae, as long as ramus
or shorter.
Remarks. This species seems very close to Paramunna simplex Menzies ( 1962) (see
also this paper). But in comparison, there are some clear differences between
species: the large butterfly-shaped pereonite 1 of P. parasimplex is peculiar, and its
eyestalks do not reach the lateral margins of pereonite 1, as they do in P. simplex.
T h e pereopods of the former species do not increase in length posteriorly like
they do in the latter; there are also more setae on the dactyli of the pereopods 27 of P. parasimblex. While in P. parasimplex segments 2-5 of the maxillipedal palp
are narrower than the first segment, in P. simplex articles 4 and 5 are narrower
than 1-3.
Paramunna patagoniensis sp. nov.
(Figs 21-24)
Etymology. This species is named after its location.
Holotype. Female, 1.07 mm; station HZ, ZMB 4189, 4190, and 26931.
Paratypes. Males and females from stations HA, H Z and HDD, ZMB 41914197, and 26931.
Additional material. 1 male, 0.64 mm; 7 females, 0.45-0.9 mm; station HG. 2
females, 0.76 and 0.81 mm; station H T . 1 female, 0.82 mm, 1 juvenile female;
station HS. 2 males, 0.56 and 0.6 mm; 5 females, 0.37-0.77 mm; station HDD. 2
males, 0.64 and 0.66 mm; 8 females, 0.49-0.82 mm; station H X . 2 females, 0.53
and 0.8 mm; station H K K . 5 males 0.51-0.62 mm; 13 females, 0.48-0.78 mm;
station HZ.
Distribution. Known only from the Magellan Strait.
Description. Frontal part of cephalothorax (Fig. 21) with shape of stout
triangle, with convex margins and a blunt rounded rostra1 point. Short lateral
eyestalks not reaching width of pereonite 1, dorsolateral eyes with 3 ommatidia
each. Cephalothorax deeply recessed into pereonite 1. Pereonite 1 laterally more
than 2 times longer than medially, 2 seta medially near frontal margin, 3 setae
on lateral borders. Pereonites 2-4 subequal, with 2 to 3 lateral setae, pereonite 3
broadest, pereonite 4 with rounded, slightly posteriorly directed lateral margins
in second half. Pereonite 5 shortest and narrower than pereonite 4. Pereonite 6
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
269
2 70
H. WINKLER
recesses into 5, so does pereonite 7 into 6. Pereonites 5-7 having posterolaterally
directed rounded tergal margins, those of last pereonite surpassing pleonite, with
single seta on lateral margin each. Pereonite 7 narrowest. One free rectangular
pleonite with rounded lateral margins. Proximal part of pleotelson as broad as
pleonite. Slightly rounded margins posteriorly produced into triangle with blunt
point; pleotelson as long as pereonites 2-4 combined, broadest proximally,
nearly as broad as last pereonite; lateral margins with a few (3) setae.
Backwardly directed uropods dorsolaterally in distal third of pleotelson.
First article of 6-articulated antenna 1 (Fig. 21) longest, as long as 5 and 6
combined, 1 mediodistal seta. Article 2 0.6 times as long as 1, 1 distolateral
feather-like seta, 2 simple setae in the same place. Article 3 shortest, 1 distal seta.
Last 3 articles of nearly the same width; article 4 short, 1 feather-like seta on
distal margin; article 5 as long as 3 and 4; on tip of article 6 one short aesthetasc,
as long as article 6, 2 setae as long as article 1, 3 short setae.
Peduncle of antenna 2 (Fig. 21) 6-articulate; first article is not and second not
well seen in Fig. 21. Article 3 of peduncle curved parallel to rostra1 margin of
cephalothorax, proximally convex lateral protrusion with single seta, 2 distal
setae; article 4 shortest of peduncle; article 5 3/4 as long as 3, 5 setae; article 6
longest, 2 distal feather-like setae, further setation as seen in Fig. 21. Flagellum of
7 articles of subequal length; 2 to 5 distal setae on flagellar articles, half as long
as articles or a little longer.
Mandibles (Fig. 22) with short and slender 3-articulated mandibular palp;
palpal articles of subequal width; article 1 0.8 times as long as 2, 1 seta on tip;
article 2 longest; on left mandible 2 setulated setae and margin mediolaterally
serrated; last article very short (1/3 as long as 2), with 1 short and 1 long
setulated seta on tip of left mandible and 3 setae on tip of right mandible.
Subcylindrical molar, a little widened at apex, margin of grinding surface
serrate, 1 seta on surface, 1 strong tooth directed towards incisor, 1 very small
tooth directed sagittally. Setal row of 3 denticulated setae on left mandible,
lacinia mobilis solid with 4 teeth, incisor 5-toothed. Setal row on right mandible
with 4 denticulated setae, lacinia mobilis similar to these setae; incisor 5-toothed.
Outer lobe of maxilla 1 (Fig. 21) distally curved medially, apically with 9
strong curved teeth; inner lobe shorter, bearing 5 short spine-like setulated setae.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 21) of 3 lobes; inner one with about 4 setulated setae on tip, 3
setae on medial margin; middle lobe with 3 slender setulated setae; outer lobe
with 3 setulated setae distally.
Maxilliped (Fig. 22) with long and broad ovate epipodite reaching third
palpal article, endite rectangular, palp 5-segmented. Endite bearing 2 simple
setae on distal margin, 2 denticulated setae and 1 short spine medially, and 2
pectinate setae near distal margin; 2 coupling-hooks on medial margin. Palpal
articles 1-3 broader than 4 and 5; articles 1 and 5 shorter than 2-4, article 2
twice as long as 1 and shorter than 3; articles 1 and 2 with medially directed
setae on medial margin; 1 seta laterally and 3 setae medially on article 3; articles
4 and 5 with 2 and 3 distal setae, respectively.
Pereopods not sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 22) shorter than
pereopods 2-7, segments wider, a subchela formed by distal 3 articles. Basis
ovate, with 2 setae. Ischium half as long as basis, 1 seta distally. Merus
trapezoidal, ventral margin sinuate, 5 setulated cuticular scales; distally 2 setae
ventrally and 1 seta and 1 spine-like seta dorsally. Carpus stout and trapezoidal,
4/5 as long as merus; 2 ventral sensory spines, 1 seta dorsodistally. Propodus
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
27 1
ovate; 1 sensory spine, 2 spine-like setae ventrally, 2 setae on dorsal margin.
Dactylus 1/3 as long and broad as propodus; 1 short claw on last third
distoventrally; 1 distal claw as long as dactylus; 4 setae on last third ofdactylus.
Pereopods 2-7 (Figs. 22-24) subequal in shape and length. Basis longest
article, proximal part forming an angle of about 45" with rest of basis; 1 seta
distoventrally, 1 dorsal seta rather proximally; 2 middorsal feather-like seta on
pereopod 5. Ischium 0.7 times as long as basis, with 2 to 3 setae. Merus
trapezoidal, half as long as ischium; 1 distal spine and sometimes 1 short distal
seta dorsally, 1 to 3 distal setae ventrally. Carpus as long as ischium; 1 seta, 1
feather-like seta ventrodorsally, 2 to 3 spines or sensory spines on ventral margin.
Propodus as long as carpus; 1 seta, 1 feather-like seta dorsodistally; 1 sensory
spine and 1 seta on palm. Dactylus shortest article; 1 curved terminal claw, as
long as dactylus; 1 seta-like claw ventrodistally, a little shorter than terminal
claw; 4 setae on second half of dactylus, 2 nearly as long as seta-like claw, 2
short.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 24) expanded in posterior fourth, width of expansion less
than 50% of length of pleopod 1, 5 setae one each lateral tip; posterior margins
projected into a stout rounded point. For further setation compare Fig. 24.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 24) longer than broad, proximally 1/6
broader than distally; rounded, lateral margin setose; endopod surpassing
protopod, second article curved and laterally directed; endopod nearly
rectangular, distally slightly concave.
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 24) pentagonal with rounded corners, 0.8 times
as broad as long; with setae as seen in Fig. 2.
Exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 24) 2-articulated, distal article pointed with strong
terminal seta, reaching tip of setae of endopod; endopod with 3 pectinate setae.
Pointed exopod of pleopod 4 (Fig. 23) surpassing endopod; endopod a little
longer than broad; protopod shorter and narrower than endopod.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 24) uniramous, narrow, 3.5 times as long as broad.
Uropod (Fig. 24) biramous, rami subcylindrical; protopod not visible; exopod
3 times as long as endopod, 3 terminal feather-like setae, 3 lateral simple setae,
clearly longer than endopod; endopod with 2 terminal setae, as long as exopod.
Remarks. All characters stated by Sars 1899 as typical for the genus Paramunna
are present in P. patagoniensis. There are 4 species with prominent eyestalks in the
Paramunnidae, showing the main characters (shape of body and typical
projected rostrum) of Paramunna patagoniensis. The new species differs from the
descriptions of P. subtriangulata (Richardson, 1908), reevaluated by Menzies
(1962). This species has a shorter rostrum according to Menzies (1962, Fig. 6
and Nordenstam, 1933, Fig. 63) and has no mandibular palp. Paramunna dentata
Nordenstam, 1933 and P. rostrata (Hodgson, 1910), reevaluated by Nordenstam
(1933), differ from P. patagoniensis in the shape of the rostrum and the
proportions of the pereonites. Furthermore P. dentata has a serrated pleotelson
and very short peduncular articles of the second antennae.
Paramunna subtriangulata (Richardson, 1908)
(Figs 25-29)
Material. There are 2 'forms' of P. subtriangulata: frontal margin convexly
rounded in form 1 (Figs 25, 26) and convex with small anteromedial rounded
projection in form 2 (Fig. 26).
272
H. WINKLER
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
273
First form: 4 males, 0.86-1.05 mm; 6 females 0.67-0.96 mm; station HM. 5
males 0.87-1.23 mm; 9 females 0.7-1.05 mm; station HOO. 2 males 1.13 and
1.25 mm; 13 females 0.6-1.54 mm; 3 ovigerous females 1.36-1.62 mm; station
HU.
Second form: 2 males, 0.91 and 1.O mm; 2 females 0.9 and 1.18 mm; 1 animal
without pleopods; station HO. 6 males 0.87-1.25 mm; 3 females 0.77-1.08 mm;
station HL.
DZ~~rZ~~~Z~n.
South Georgia, South Chile, South Shetland Islands, King George
Island, fle Wiencke, Bay Guardia Nacional, Palmer Archipelago, Graham
Region, Baie du Torrent, fle Londonderry, Magellan Strait.
Description.Cephalothorax ovate (Fig. 25), frontal margin convex, 1.5 times as
broad as long, posterior margin deeply recessed into pereonite 1; short or very
short lateral eyestalks in the middle of cephalothorax reaching to lateral margins
of pereonite 1, dorsolateral eyes with 4 ommatidia each. Pereonite 1 shaped like
butterfly, longest segment, laterally twice as long as medially; anterolateral
corners with slightly rounded points, posterolateral corners rounded; 3 forked
setae on lateral margins of pereonite 1, 2 on margins of pereonites 2-7. Pereonite
2 broader than 1, pereonite 3 broadest (especially in ovigerous females), slightly
backwardly curved. Width of pereonites 4-7 decreasing posteriorly; more or less
backwardly directed lateral parts with rounded lateral margins, posterolateral
corners of pereonite 7 rounded. Pereonites 5-7 medially of subequal length,
shorter than pereonite 4. One free ovate pleonite recessed into last pereonite.
Pleotelson proximally as broad as pleonite, broadest in proximal third, but
narrower than pereonite 7, as long as broad in broadest place; posterior part
triangular with convex margins; 3-forked setae on lateral margins, 4 or 5 pairs of
simple setae on apex; uropods dorsolaterally on last third; male pleopod 1 and
female operculum surpassing pleotelson apically. Antenna 1 (Fig. 25) 6articulate with stout segments. First 2 articles subequal broad; first longest, 1
feather-like seta distally. Second segment a little shorter than first, 2 setae and 4
feather-like setae on distolateral margin. Article 3 half as broad and long as
previous, 1 seta on border to next article. Last 3 articles shorter than proximal 3
articles, decreasing in width apically; distal article with 1 seta and 1 aesthetasc of
the same length terminally, nearly as long as last 3 articles, 5 short setae.
Antenna 2 (Fig. 25) stout. Peduncle 6-articulate; first article is not and second
not well seen in Fig. 25. Article 3 with lateral protrusion with single seta in
proximal half, 1 further lateral seta; penduncular article 4 shortest, narrower
than third, 1 medial seta; article 5 as long as 3 and 4 combined, 2 setae; article 6
longest peduncular segment, distally broader than proximally, 1 seta and 2
feather-like setae distally, 2 medial simple setae. Flagellum short, as long as
peduncular articles 4 and 6 combined, of 5 articles, decreasing in length and
width distally; article 1 longest, half as long and broad as last peduncular article;
1 to 3 distal setae on articles 1-4; 7 terminal setae on last article.
Mandibular palp (Fig. 25) absent. Mandibles with subcylindrical molar; apex
with short teeth, 2 setae on left mandible, 1 on right mandible, 1 strong
ventrolateral tooth. Setal row of left mandible of 4 denticulated setae, lacinia
mobilis solid and with 4 rounded teeth, incisor 5-toothed. Setal row of right
mandible of 4 denticulated setae with broad shaft, lacinia mobilis like a widened
seta of setal row, incisor 5-toothed.
Outer lobe of maxilla 1 (Fig. 25) distally curved medially, 8 strong curved
teeth apically; inner lobe narrower, 3 apical setulated setae on large sockets.
274
H. WINKLER
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
275
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 26) with 3 lobes; 4 curved setulated setae apically on all lobes,
additional 2 setae on medial border of inner lobe, further single seta on lobe near
tip.
Maxilliped (Fig. 27) with lanceolate epipodite, not reaching distal margin of
second palpal article, palp 5-segmented; distal margin of endite with a row of 3
short spine-like setae and 1 denticulated seta, small bulge on mediolateral
corner; 2 broad setulated setae on endite near distal margin; 2 coupling-hooks
proximally on medial margin. Articles 1-3 of palp broader than 4 and 5; articles
2 and 3 of subequal length; 2 strong distomedial setae on article 2, 3 on 3. Article
4 longest, half as broad as 3, 1 distal seta. Terminal article as long as article 3,
narrower than article 4, 5 apical setae as long as article or longer.
Pereopods not sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 27) shorter than
pereopods 2-7, segments broader, a chela formed by the distal 3 articles. Ischium
ovate, proximal part forming a n angle of 100" with body of segment. Merus
trapezoidal, half as long as ischium, distally twice as broad as proximally;
distally 2 spine-like setae ventrally and 1 seta dorsally. Carpus as broad as
merus, a little longer; 2 sensory spines, 3 cuticular scales ventrodistally, further
setae as shown; ventrodistal edge unusually large. Propodus ovoid, twice as long
as broad, nearly half as broad as carpus; 11 tufts of setules on surface, 2 sensory
spines ventrally, further setae as seen in Fig. 27. Dactylus 1/3 as long and broad
as propodus; 1 short claw on last third distoventrally; 1 long distal claw, 3/4 as
long as propodus; 5 setae on last third of propodus, 3 surpassing short claw, 2
short.
Pereopods 2-7 (Figs 27, 28) subequal in shape and length. Basis longest
article, proximal part forming an angle of about 45" with rest of basis; 0-2 setae
ventrally; 2 feather-like setae on pereopods 4-7 and/or 1 simple seta dorsally on
pereopods 3, 5, 6. Ischium 0.6 times as long as basis, 2 to 3 setae. Merus
trapezoidal, half as long as ischium, distally twice as broad as proximally;
distoventrally 2, distodorsally 1 spine-like seta(e). Carpus 3/4 as long as basis; 1
seta, 1 feather-like seta distodorsally; a row of 3 spine-like setae on ventral
margins, ventral margins setulated on pereopods 4, 7. Propodus as long as
carpus; distally 1 or 2 setae and 1 feather-like seta dorsally, 1 sensory spine, 1
seta ventrally; in the middle of article one dorsal spine-like seta, 1 to 3 ventrally.
Dactylus shortest article, half as long as carpus; 1 curved terminal claw, half as
long as dactylus; 1 short claw distoventrally, 3/5 as long as large claw; 4 to 6
setae on distal fourth of dactylus, reaching tip of short claw or shorter.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 28) expanded in posterior third, forming short blunt
lateral 'horns', width of expansion 62% of length of pleopod 1, 5 setae on each
tip, 1 pair of setae proximally; posterior margins projected into a blunt rounded
point, a pair of distal setae.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 28) longer than broad, twice as long as
broad proximally; rounded lateral margin setose; endopod surpassing protopod,
slender second article curved and laterally directed; endopod with parallel
margins, distally pointed.
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 29) roughly pentagonal, 1.4 times as long as
broad; margin vaulted medially; lateral margins setose; for further setation see
Fig. 29.
Exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 29) 2-articulated, distal article pointed with strong
terminal seta, point of article not reaching tips of setae of endopod; endopod
Fig. 27.
Fig. 28
Fig. 27. Parumunnu subfriangulufa (Richardson, 1908). Mxp: maxilliped of female. PI, P2, P3, P4, pereopcds 1 - 4 of male. Fig. 28. Purarnunnu subfriungulata (Richardson, 1908).
P5, P6, P7, Plpl(M), Plp2(M), pereopods 5-7, pleopods 1 and 2 of male. Plp5(F), pleopod 5 of female.
0.1 m m
0.1 m m
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
277
Fig. 29. Paramunna subtriangulata (Richardson, 1908). PIp3(M), Urp, pleopod 3, uropod of male.
Opc, Plp(F)4, operculum, pleopod 4 of female.
with 3 apical setulated setae. Pointed exopod of pleopod 4 (Fig. 29) reaching
distal half of endopod, in second fifth twice as broad as proximally; endopod
lanceolate, more than twice as long as broad; protopod shorter, as broad as
endopod.
Lanceolate pleopod 5 (Fig. 28) uniramous, narrow, 3.5 times as long as broad.
Uropod (Fig. 26, 29) biramous, rami subcylindrical; protopod not visible;
exopod nearly 4 times as long as endopod, 3 lateral setae, 4 terminal feather-like
setae; endopod with 2 terminal setae, reaching tip of exopod.
Remarks. The new Magellanic material of Paramunna subtriangulata is in
agreement with the descriptions of Richardson (1908)) Monod (1926),
Nordenstam (1933) and Menzies (1962). Important features are the relatively
short second antennae with 5 flagellar articles, the absence of the mandibular
palp, and the shape of the body, especially in the females. They also show the
variations of the frontal margins of the cephalothorax, as described in this paper.
These variations do not correlate with any other character, the remaining
morphology of all specimens being similar.
FURTHER RESULTS
Among the known species of Paramunna Sars, 1899, one main character of the
type-species Paramunna bilobata Sars, 1899, the enormous anterior diverging lobes
of the cephalothorax and a midfrontal concave indentation between them (see
also Just, 1990: 404), is only present in one further species, namely in P. integra
Nordenstam, 1933. Reduced small frontal lobes are seen in P. capensis Vanhoffen,
1914. In the diagnosis of Paramunna, Sars (1899: 11 1) stated that a cephalothorax
“produced in front into 2 broad, diverging lobes” is characteristic for the genus.
This was often repeated (e.g. Nordenstam, 1933: 230). In view of the frequent
absence of these lobes it was important to look for other characters that might be
correlated with the lobed cephalothorax, or with a frontal margin without
projections.
Unfortunately, it was impossible to get paramunnid type-material from a
number of museums around the world, because it was not available in at the
time of asking. Nevertheless the present material, combined with published data,
allows a comparison of different paramunnid morphologies.
H. WINKLER
278
Paramunna integra “is closely allied to [the type-species of Paramunna] P. bilobata
. . .” (Nordenstam, 1933: 232). This was verified with the help of syntypes of P.
bilobata from the Copenhagen Museum. The redescription of P. integra shows the
typical characters of a Paramunna with a lobed cephalothorax. Other species with
a differently shaped cephalothorax are described in this paper and in the
literature.
Comparing all known characters, it was found that there are none that
correlate in any way with the one or the other form of the frontal margin of the
cephalothorax. Characters like absence of the mandibular palp (e.g. in P.
mengiesi n.sp.) or the uniramous uropod in P. parasimplex (Fig. 20) are examples
of other remarkable, but infrequent, variations in the genus Paramunna. It must
be stated that there are enormous variations of the frontal margin of the
a ~ lobes
cephalothorax in the species currently placed in genus P ~ r a m ~ n nLarge
with an indentation between them in P. bilobata, anterolateral frontal lobes in P.
capensis (seen on Vanhoffen’s (1914) drawings), concave in P. concauzfrons
Barnard, 1920, nearly straight in P. simplex, convex and frontally protruding in
P. subtriangulata (see Menzies, 1962; Table 2). It also seems that the form of
frontal margin varies within a species: I n P. subtriangulata forms with convex and
TABLE
2. List of known and new species of the genus Paramunna
_____
Species
Further soures
P. antarctica (Richardson, 1906)
Sivertsen & Holthuis,
1980*
P. arnaudi Amar & Roman, 1973
P. bilobata Sars, 1899
P. capensis Vanhoffen, 1914
P. (?) conca~~zfons
Barnard, 1920
P. dentala Nordenstam, 1933
P. foliacea Chardy, 1975
P. fore~ti Carvacho, 1977
P. gain2 (Richardson, 1913)
P. gaussi Vanhoffen, 1914
P. integra Nordenstain, 1933
P. kerguelensis Vanhoffen, 1914
P. laeuijrons Stebbing, 1908
P. lunata Hale, 1937
P. magellanensis sp. nov.
P. menxiesi sp. POV.
P. parasimplex sp. POV.
P. patagoniensis sp. nov.
P. quadratijrons Iverson & Wilson,
1980
P. rostrata (Hodgson, 1910)
P. serrata (Richardson, 1908)
P. simplex Menzies, 1962
P.subtriangulata (Richardson, 1908)
P. lypica Tattersall, 1905
Just, 1990
Kensley, 1978*
Kensley, 1978
____
Frontal margin of
cephalothorax
convex/nearly flat*
slightly pointed
diverging lobes
anterolateral lobes/
concave*
concave
midfrontal projection
see section ‘Acutomunna
foliacea’* *
see section ‘Removal of P.
fore&’* *
this paper
~~
sIightIy convex
convex
diverging lobes
nearly flat
slightly convex
convex
concave
nearly flat
convex
midfrontal projection
slightly concave
Vanhoffen, 1914;
Nordenstam, 1933
Stephensen, 1927;
Nordenstam, 1933
this paper
Menzies, 1962; this paper
Kussakin, 1988
midfrontal projection
convex
nearly flat
convex (pointed)
nearly flat
~
*The drawings of these authors differ from the original ones as indicated.
**Species should be removed from Paramunna.
______
____
Present in the
Magellan area
+
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
279
forms with slightly pointed border-lines are common (see Figs 25, 26). Vanhoffen
(1914) shows P. capensis with anterolateral frontal lobes, Kensley (1978) with a
concave frontal margin (see Table 2).
Table 2 also indicates that two known species of Paramunna cannot be placed
in this genus. They are discussed in the following sections.
Allorostrata gen. nov.
Diagnosis. Paramunnidae with ovate, flattened body. Cephalothorax not
deeply recessed into pereonite 1, with large convex rostra1 projection; well
developed lateral eyestalks not reaching width of pereonite 1, with a few
ommatidia. Pereonite 1 laterally widened, with anterolaterally directed anterior
corners; pereonites 2-6 with rounded lateral margins; feather-like setae on lateral
borders of all pereonites. One free pleonite. Pleotelson ovate, broader than long,
broad hooked spines on lateral margins. Proximal articles of both antennae very
broad; article 1 of antenna 1 as long as succeeding 5 articles; antenna 2 short,
first segment as long as articles 2 and 3 combined, second article short, third
article 2/3 as long and 1/3 as broad as first; peduncular articles 4-6 flagellumlike, flagellum with few (4)articles. Mandibular palp 3-segmented and small;
lacinia mobilis of right mandible like seta of setal row. Pereopods not sexually
dimorphic, subequal in length; pereopod 1 with subchela formed by last three
articles, articles broader than those of 2-7; pereopods 2-7 ambulatory, subequal
in shape, 1 terminal long claw, second claw long and slender. Male pleopod 1
sagittate, longer than broad, widened in posterior third. Small biramous uropods
inserting anterolaterally in concave indentations of pleotelsonic margins; sympod
not visible.
Type species: Allorostrata ovalis sp. nov.
Composition: monotypic
Etymology. The Greek word alLoioc means ‘different’; the type species of
Allorostrata differs from the very similar species Paramunna rostrata.
Discussion. While the second antenna of A . ovalis is not typical for a
paramunnid asellote, it has the article 3 of the peduncle elongate, one of the
main characters of the Paramunnidae (e.g. Wilson, 1980: 216). By this argument
articles 4-6 are penducular, though similar to the articles of the flagellum; the
flagellum has 4 articles. Nevertheless there is no doubt that A . ovalis belongs to
the Paramunnidae Vanhoffen, 1914, because other paramunnid characters are
present: The anus is covered, the mandibular palp is short, the first male pleopod
is sagittate and the exopod of pleopod 4 is not laterally setose and has no
terminal setae.
The outline of the pleotelson, the enormous basal articles of both antennae
and the unique shape of the second antenna permit the creation of a new genus.
Allorostrata ovalis sp. nov.
(Figs 30-33)
Etymology. The name ovalis describes the egg-like shape of the body of this
species.
280
H. WINKLER
Holotype. Male, 0.99 mm; station H M , ZMB 4170 and 26927.
Paratypes. Male and females from station HM, ZMB 41 7 1-41 74, and 26927.
Additional material. 8 males, 0.59-0.78 mm; 17 females, 0.43-1.03 mm; station
HLL. 8 males, 0.61-0.75 mm; 11 females 0.56-0.59 mm; station HPP. 20 males
0.58-0.76 mm; 42 females, 0.5-1.05 mm; station HL. 18 males, 0.59-0.74 mm; 22
females, 0.45-0.96 mm; station H M . 7 males, 0.63-0.74 mm; 17 females,
0.4-1.06 mm; station HN. 4 males, 0.62-0.7 mm; 12 females, 0.51-1.03 mm;
station Sta. K .
Distribution. Known only from the Magellan Strait.
Description. Habit described in the diagnosis of Allorostrata gen. nov. and shown
in Fig. 30.
Antenna 1. (Fig. 30) 6-articulate; article 1 huge, as long as articles 2-6
combined, half as broad as long, 1 feather-like seta on distal margin; second
article ovate, 1/3 as long and half as broad as article I , 1 seta and 4 feather-like
setae distally; articles 3-5 subequal in length, slightly decreasing in width
distally, 4 distal setae on article 4, 1 on article 5; distal article longer and
narrower than previous, terminally 3 short setae, 1 aesthetasc as long as articles
2-6 combined, and 1 seta 3/4 as long as aesthetasc.
Antenna 2 (Fig. 30) short, of 10 articles; enormous proximal article twice as
long as broad, 2 distal setae; small second article forming an angle of 90" with
first, 2 setae, 1 feather-like seta distally; third article 2/3 as long and 1/3 as broad
as first; last 7 articles short, decreasing in length and width to tip, articles 6-10
with distal setae.
Mandibular palp (Fig. 31) 3-articulate; 2 proximal articles of subequal width,
second article longest; 1 short seta on each distal margin of each article; apical
article half as long as first, distally narrower than proximally, 2 terminal
(setulated) setae. Subcylindrical molar, grinding surface with teeth and short
serrations, 2 setae; 1 ventral tooth distally. Setal rows of 4 setae. Lacinia mobilis
of left mandible solid, 4-toothed; incisor with 5 teeth. Lacinia mobilis of right
mandible denticulated; incisor 5-toothed.
Outer lobe of maxilla 1 (Fig. 31) distally curved medially, apically 8 strong
curved teeth; inner lobe narrower and distally narrower than proximally,
apically 1 strong setulated tooth and 2 setae.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 31) of 3 lobes; lateral and middle ones with 3 apical setulated
setae; inner apically with 6 setulated setae, on medial margin 2 short lateral setae
and 1 feather-like seta.
Maxilliped (Fig. 31) with lanceolate epipodite, twice as long as broad,
reaching third palpal article; palp 5-articulate. Palpal articles 1-3 broader than
4 and 5, third longest, article 2 half as long as 3, 1 short; 1 short seta on medial
margins of articles 1 and 2, 2 on article 3; also 1 distal seta on article 3 laterally;
article 4 as long and half as broad as article 2, 2 distal setae; last article shorter,
with 5 terminal setae, as long as article 4. Distal margin of comparatively narrow
endite with a row of 5 short spine-like setae, a lateral tooth on medial corner; 2
broad feathered setae vetrally on endite near distal margin, 1 feather-like seta
dorsally; 2 coupling-hooks on midmedial margin.
Pereopods not sexually dimorphic. Pereopods 1-7 (Figs 31-33) subequal in
length, segments of pereopod 1 a little broader. Distal 3 articles of pereopod 1
forming a subchela. Basis of pereopod 1 proximally narrower than distally, 1/3 as
broad as long; 1 middorsal seta. Ischium half as long as basis, 1 distal seta
0.1 m m
Fig. 30.
Fig. 31.
Fig. 30. Allorostrata ovalis gm. nov. sp. nov. Male holotype in dorsal and lateral view. A l , A2, first and second antenna of female paratype. Fig. 3 1. Allorosfrata
ovalis gm. nov. sp. nov. IMd, rMd, Mxl, Mx2, Mxp, PI, P2, left and right mandible (arrow marks lacinia mobilis), maxilla 1 and 2, maxilliped, pereopods 1 and 2
of female paratypes.
0.1 mm
rMd
282
H. WINKLER
ventrally. Merus trapezoidal, half as long as ischium, distally broader than
proximally; 1 simple seta, 2 spine-like setae distoventrally; 2 simple setae
distodorsally. Carpus trapezoidal, as broad and 1.6 times as long as merus; 2
sensory spines ventrally, 2 setae near ventral margin, 1 dorsodistal seta. Ovate
propodus as long as ischium, 314 as broad as carpus; 1 sensory spine, 3 setae
ventrally, 2 ventrodistal setae. Dactylus 1/3 as long and broad as propodus; 1
distal claw as long as propodus; 1 short claw distoventrally on distal third,
reaching to half of long claw. 4 setae on last third of propodus.
Pereopods 2--7 (Figs 31-33) subequal in shape and proportions of articles.
Basis longest article, proximal part forming a n angle of about 45" with rest of
basis; 1 seta ventrally on pereopod 3; a feather-like seta or a simple seta on dorsal
margin on pereopods 2-6, 1 simple seta and 1 feather-like seta on pereopod 7.
Ischium approximately half as long as basis, setation as seen on the drawings.
Merus trapezoidal, 1.7 times as long as ischium, distally twice as broad as
proximally; distoventrally 2 (spine-like) setae on pereopods 3-7, 3 on pereopod
2; 2 distal short spine-like setae dorsally. Carpus as long as ischium; 1 feather-like
seta and 1 simple seta dorsodistally; 2 long spine-like seta on inner margins of
pereopods 3-5, a row of 3 setae on pereopod 6, ventral tufts of setules on
pereopods 2-4 and 6. Propodus as long as carpus; 1 seta, 1 feather-like seta
distodorsally; 1 to 3 setae on palm. Dactylus shortest article, 1/3 as long as
carpus; 1 strong curved terminal claw, longer than dactylus; 1 short distal claw
ventrally, 3/4 as long as large claw, like a spine or a strong seta; 3 setae on distal
part of dactylus, 1 seta 3 / 4 as long as large claw, 2 setae not reaching tip of short
claw.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 33) expanded in posterior third, forming short lateral
'horns', width of expansion 50% of length of pleopod 1 , 5 setae on each lateral
tip, 2 setae on distal part of projection; posterior margins projected into a blunt
rounded point, bearing a pair of setae.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 33) twice as long as broad; rounded lateral
margin setose; endopod not surpassing protopod, pointed second article curved
and laterally directed; endopod hook-shaped.
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 33) ovoid, not notably longer than broad; lateral
margins setose; 2 setae on apex.
Exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 33) 2-articulated, distal article pointed with strong
terminal seta, point of article not reaching tips of setae of endopod; endopod
with 3 apical setulated setae.
Slender and pointed exopod of pleopod 4 (Fig. 33) reaching distal half of
endopod; endopod twice as long as broad; protopod shorter, as broad as
endopod.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 33) uniramous, narrow, 4 times as long as broad.
Uropod (Fig. 32) biramous, rami subcylindrical; protopod not visible; exopod
3 times as long as endopod, 5 terminal feather-like setae, 3 lateral simple setae,
surpassing feather-like setae; endopod with 2 strong terminal setae, clearly
shorter than exopod.
Remarks. Because of its peculiar cephalothoracic rostra1 projection the new
species seems at first sight very close to Paramunna rostrata (Hodgson, 1910), but
the drawings of Vanhoffen (1914) and Nordenstam (1933) show that there are
differences in the second antenna, the pleotelson, and in the shape of the whole
body, which is ovate in the new species. The pleotelson in Allorostrata ovalis is
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
283
284
H. WINKLER
broader than long and not apically pointed. While the second antenna of the
new species has an enormous article 1 and the following articles are clearly
narrower, in P. rostrata the second antenna is typical paramunnid: ‘The third
peduncular joint is broadest’ (Nordenstam, 1933: 237).
Austrosignum dentatum sp. nov.
(Figs 34-37)
Eomology. Due to its characteristic denticles this species is named A . dentatum;
the latin word ‘dentatum’ means ‘having small teeth’.
Holotype. Female, 1.34mm; station HM ZMB 4175; 4176, and 26928.
Paratypes. Male from station H M , ZMB 4177, 4178, and 26928.
Additional material. 3 males, 0.82-0.92 mm; 10 females 0.7-1.72 mm; station
HM.
Distribution. Known only from the Magellan Strait.
Description. Serrated labrum surpassing medially concavely indented rostra1
margin anteriorly (Fig. 34); posterior margin of cephalothorax convexly
rounded and recessed into pereonite 1; short lateral eyestalks in the middle of
cephalothorax, dorsolateral eyes with 3 ommatidia each; eyestalks not reaching
anterolateral margin of pereonite 1. Toothed coxae dorsally clearly visible on
last 3 pereonites, parts of the coxae visible anteriorly on other pereonites; coxae
on last 3 segments with single lateral seta each. Pereonite 1 longest, medially half
as long as laterally; lateral margins rounded, with midlateral serrations and 2
setae. Pereonites 2 and 3 broader and shorter than 1, subequal in length and
width, posterolateral margins serrated, 3 setae on lateral margins. Pereonites 4-7
decreasing in width posteriorly; fourth pereonite 0.7 times as long as 3,
posterolateral margin serrated, 2 setae laterally. Pereonites 5-7 backwardly
rounded; more or less backwardly directed lateral tergal parts with rounded
lateral margins, those of last pereonite surpassing pleonite; pereonite 5 shortest,
with 1 anterolateral tooth; pereonite 6 twice as long as 5 ; pereonite 7 1.5 times as
long as 6. One free ovate pleonite completely recessed into last pereonite, as long
as the latter. Pleotelson 0.9 times as broad as long, as long as pereonites 2-6
combined; in posterior fourth tapering to rounded point; lateral margins slightly
convexly rounded, from middle of pleotelson to posterior point setose; posterially
directed uropods inserting dorsolaterally on last third of pleotelson, 2 teeth
beneath uropods; female operculum surpassing pleotelson apically.
Antenna 1 (Fig. 34) 6-articulated. Article 1 broadest, 3 setae. Articles 2 and 6
longest; article 2 less than half as broad as 1, 3 setae and 4 feather-like setae on
surface. Third article half as broad and long as previous, 2 distal setae. Articles 4
and 5 of subequal width, 4 as long as 3, 1 distal seta. Terminal article a little
narrower than 5 ; 4 apical setae, 1 aesthetasc longer than last 2 articles combined.
Peduncle of antenna 2 (Fig. 34) 6-articulate; first article is not seen in Fig. 34.
Article 2 short, as long as broad; article 3 with lateral protrusion proximally and
single seta on it; 3 curved teeth and 1 seta on lateral margin, 1 seta
distomedially; peduncular article 4 shortest, narrower than article 3, 2
distomedial setae; article 5 as long as 3, 4 setae distally, 1 short one in the middle;
article 6 longest peduncular segment, as long as articles 2-4 combined, 5 setae on
proximal half, 5 setae and 3 feather-like setae distally. Flagellum as long as
peduncular articles 2-4 combined; 8 flagellar articles, decreasing in length and
Fig. 35.
Fig. 34.
Fig. 34. Austrosignum dentatawn sp. nov. Female holotype. A l , 1 Md, rMd, first antenna, left and right mandible of holotype. A2, second antenna of male paratype.
Fig. 35. Austrosignum dentatum sp. UOV. Mxl, Mx2, Mxp, P1, P2, P3, maxilla 1 and 2, maxilliped, pereopods 1-3 of holotype.
v1
W
N
286
H. WINKLER
width distally; 2 to 4 distal setae on articles 1-6; 6 terminal setae on distal article,
longest as long as flagellar articles 6-8 combined.
Short 3-segmented mandibular palp (Fig. 34); articles 1 and 2 equal in length
and width, 1 distomedial seta on article 1, 2 setulated setae on article 2; article 3
half as long as others, distally half as broad as proximally, medially directed tip
with 2 terminal setae. Mandibles with subcylindrical molar; proximal margin of
grinding surface with short sharp teeth, 2 setae, a strong tooth on ventrolateral
corner. Setal rows of 4 setae, 3 of them denticulated. Lacinia mobilis of left
mandible solid and with 4 teeth, incisor 3 (?)-toothed. Lacinia mobilis of right
mandible like a denticulated seta of setal row, incisor 5-toothed.
Outer lobe of maxilla 1 (Fig. 35) distally curved medially, 13 strong curved
teeth apically; inner lobe shorter, 2 apical setulated spine-like setae on sockets, 5
setae on laterodistal margin.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 35) with 3 lobes; 3 strong curved setulated setae apically on
outer and middle lobe, medial margins setulated, 1 additional smooth seta on
each ramus; inner lobe with 6 strong setulated setae apically, 4 setae on medial
margin, 1 setulated seta mediolaterally.
Maxilliped (Fig. 35) with ovate, apically rounded epipodite, not reaching
distal margin of second palpal article, palp 5-segmented. Distal margin of endite
with a row of 4 short spine-like setae and 1 setulated seta, 2 setae dorsally near
distal margin, 2 denticulated setae with broad shaft ventrally, short tooth on
laterornedial corner; 2 coupling-hooks proximally on medial margin. Articles 13 of palp broader than 4 and 5; 1 and 2 of subequal length, 0.6 times as long as
article 3; 1 strong medial seta on article 1, 2 setae on article 2. 1 distolateral, 3
medial setae on article 3. Article 4 longest, distally half as broad as 3, 3
mediodistal setae, surpassing terminal article. Terminal article half as long as
article 4, but narrower, 4 apical setae, longer than article.
Pereopods not sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 35) shorter than
pereopods 2-7, segments broader. A weak subchela is formed by the distal 3
articles. Basis longest article, 3.2 times as long as broad, 4 marginal setae, 1
cuticular tooth on dorsal margin in distal half. Ischium 0.6 times as long as basis,
proximal part narrow, 2 setae on distal half. Merus trapezoidal, half as long as
ischium, distally twice as broad as proximally; distally 3 spine-like setae dorsally,
1 ventrally. Carpus a little narrower than merus, nearly rectangular, 4/5 as long
as ischium; 2 long sensory spines and 2 setae ventrally, a row of 3 setae on dorsal
margin. Propodus ovate, as long as ischium, longer than broad; 2 short sensory
spines, 2 cuticular scales on ventral margin; 5 tufts of setules on surface, further
setation as seen on the drawing. Dactylus shortest article, 1/3 as broad as
propodus proximally; 1 distal claw as long as dactylus; 1 short claw
distoventrally, 3/4 as long as long claw; 5 setae on last third of dactylus, 1
reaching tip of long claw.
Pereopods 2-7 (Figs 35-37) increasing in length posteriorly, caused by a slight
increase in length of meri and a distinct increase in length of distal 3 articles.
Basis 4 times as long as broad; on pereopods 4-7 a single or 2 feather-like setae,
on pereopods 3-7 1 to 3 cuticular scales on dorsal margin. Ischium as broad as
basis, 0.8 times as long, setation as seen in the figures. Merus long and
trapezoidal, approximately half as iong as ischium, distally twice as broad as
proximally; 1 midventral seta, 1 long, 2 short (spine-like) setae distoventrally; 2
setae or spine-like setae distodorsally on pereopods 2-5, 2 sensory spines on
pereopods 6, 7. Carpus of pereopod 2 a little longer than basis, length of carpi
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
287
2aa
H. WINKLER
increasing in posterior pereopods, carpus of pereopod 7 1.4 times as long as the
one of pereopod 2; 4 long spine-like setae on margins of pereopods 2, 3, a single
or 4 long and slender sensory spines instead of setae on pereopods 4-7; 1 featherlike seta, 2 to 4 short sensory spines dorsodistally; for further setation see Figs 3537. Propodus longest article of each pereopod; propodus of pereopod 2 twice as
long as merus; length of propodi increasing posteriorly, propodus of pereopod 7
1.8 times as long as propodus of pereopod 2; distally 1 feather-like seta dorsally
(except on pereopod 2), 1 sensory spine ventrally, 2 or 3 long setae on dorsal
margin; 1 or 2 ventral sensory spines on pereopods 3-7 and further setae on all
pereopods as shown. Dactylus shortest article, relatively slender, increasing in
length posteriorly; dactylus of pereopod 7 1.5 times as long as the one of
pereopod 2; 1 long and slender terminal claw; seta-like claw distoventrally; 1
terminal seta, nearly as long as claw, 3 or 4 setae on distal fourth of dactylus, 1
surpassing seta-like claw, others reaching its tip or shorter.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 37) expanded in posterior third, forming very short,
rounded lateral ‘horns’, width of expansion 60o/b of length of pleopod 1, 4 setae
on each lateral tip, 1 seta proximally, 2 on posterior margins; posterior margins
projected into a rectangular point.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 37) longer than broad, less than twice as
long as broad proximally; convexly rounded lateral margin without setae;
endopod surpassing protopod, very slender and pointed article 2 curved and
laterally directed; small endopod with rounded apex.
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 37) ovoid, 1.3 times as long as broad; setation as
shown.
Exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 37) 2-articulated, distal article pointed with strong
but short terminal seta, point of article not reaching tips of medial setae of
endopod; endopod with 3 apical pectinate setae.
Lanceolate exopod of pleopod 4 (Fig. 36) reaching distal half of endopod, 2.8
times as long as broad; endopod ovate, twice as long as broad; protopod shorter,
as broad as endopod.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 37) uniramous, narrower than pleopod 4, 3 times as long as
broad.
Uropod (Fig. 37) biramous, rami subcylindrical; protopod not visible; exopod
twice as long as endopod, 5 terminal feather-like setae, 3 lateral simple setae, not
reaching tips of feather-like setae; endopod with 2 terminal setae, clearly
surpassing tip of exopod.
Remarks. This species accords fully with Hodgson’s (1910: 650 and
Nordenstam’s (1933: 241) diagnosis of the genus Austrosignum. It seems very close
to A . latifrons Menzies, 1962. Only a few characters separate the two species.
While in A. latifrons the frontal margin of the cephalothorax is convex, it is
concave in A. dentatum; furthermore the antero- and posterolateral borders of
pereonites 1-4 are denticulate and pereonite 5 has one anterolateral tooth in the
new species. The dorsally visible coxae on the last 3 segments of A . dentatum are
also denticulate. The antenna1 flagellum of A . dentatum has 8 articles (Fig. 34),
the one of A. latzfrons has 10 (Menzies, 1962: 50).
Magellianira g e m nov.
Diagnosis. Abyssianira-like Paramunnidae with vaulted body and ovate
pleotelson. Frontal plate of cephalothorax serrated, with short teeth.
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
289
Cephalothorax not deeply recessed into pereonite 1. Eyes or eyestalks absent.
Pereonite 1 longest. Pereonite 2 with frontally directed anterolateral projections.
Pereonites 4-7 with backwardly directed lateral parts. Coxae dorsally visible on
all pereonites. One free pleonite. Pleotelson slightly longer than broad. Article 3
of antenna 2 not much longer than broad, about as long as articles 1 and 2
combined. Margins of pleotelson, articles 1-3 of maxillipedal palp, merus of P1
and male pleopod 1 serrated. Molar of mandible cylindrical with truncate apex;
lacinia mobilis of right mandible in the shape of seta of setal row. Pereopods not
sexually dimorphic; P1 shorter than others, articles broader, subchelate; P2-7
subequal. Uropods biramous, inserting dorsolaterally on pleotelson; sympod
forming a tiny ring, or absent; rami subcylindrical.
Type-species: Magellianira serrata sp. nov.
Composition: monotypic
Etymology. The genus is named after the location of its type species.
Discussion. Many characters of this paramunnid isopod correspond to the
diagnosis of Abyssianira Menzies, 1956, as reevaluated by Just (1990), which is
the genus closest to Magellianira. Diagnostic characters of Magellianira are the
absence of eyes or eyestalks, pereonite 2 with anterolateral projections, pereonites
5-7 are not set apart from pereonites 1-4 as often seen in species of
Paramunnidae, and pereonites 4-7 (not 5-7) are directed backwards; the coxae
are visible on all pereonites, and there are serrations on the maxillipedal palp, on
the merus of the first pereopod and on the first male pleopod.
Magellianira serrata sp. nov.
(Figs 38-41)
Etymology. The name was given because of the characteristic serrations of this
species.
Holotype. Male, 1.45 mm; station HL, ZMB 4166, 4167, and 26926.
Paratype. Female from station HL, ZMB 4168, 4169, and 26926.
Additional material. 3 males 0.89-1.17 mm; 10 females 0.761.9 1 mm; station
HL.
Distribution. Known only from the Magellan Strait.
Description. Habit described in the diagnosis of Magellianira gen. nov. and
shown in Fig. 38. Cephalothorax and all segments of pereon laterally and on
dorsal surface with short setae; pleonite bearing 4 setae; pleotelson with setose
dorsal surface. Pleopod 1 surpassing pleotelson apically.
Antenna 1 (Fig. 38) with huge first article, as long as articles 4 and 5
combined and 1.3 times broader than article 2, 1 feather-like seta distomedially.
Article 2 0.6 times as long as article 1, 3 medially directed feather-like setae in
the middle of article, 2 distal simple setae. Article 3 half as broad and long as 2, 2
setae on tip. Distal 3 articles nearly of the same width; article 4 shortest, 1 seta;
articles 5 and 6 as long as 3; on tip of article 6 one aesthetasc, as long as articles
3-6 combined, 1 seta half as long as aesthetasc, 3 short setae.
Antenna 2 (Fig. 38) with 6 peduncular articles; articles 1-3 not to be seen in
Fig. 38, article 4 with 1 distal seta; articles 5 and 6 cylindrical, article 6 longest;
article 5 with 3 setae and 1 feather-like seta on medial margin, 1 simple seta
distally; article 6 bearing 4 setae, 6 feather-like setae distributed over distal part.
290
H. WINKLER
x
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
29 1
Flagellum of 9 articles; first longest, second shorter, articles 3-9 shorter than 2,
but subequal in length; with 2 to 4 distal setae each.
Mandibles (Fig. 39) with slender 3-articulated mandibular palp; articles
subequal in width; article 2 longest; article 1 2/3 as long as 2, 1 distal seta as long
as the article; last article very short (less than 1/3 as long as 2) and laterally
directed, with 1 seta and 1 short setulated spine on tip. Long cylindrical molar,
apex serrated distally, 1 setulated seta distally, 2 strong teeth directed towards
incisor, 1 tooth directed sagittally. Setal row of 2 setae on left mandible, lacinia
mobilis solid with 4 teeth, incisor also 4-toothed. Setal row on right mandible
with 2 setae and 1 denticulated seta, lacinia mobilis denticulated apically; incisor
5- toothed.
Outer lobe of maxilla 1 (Fig. 38) distally curved medially, apically with 9
strong curved spines, 1 more proximally; inner lobe shorter, bearing 4 spine-like
setulated setae, medial one with a socket.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 38) of 3 lobes; inner one distally with about 10 slender and
long setulated setae; middle lobe with 5 strong setulated setae, setules on medial
margin; outer lobe with 4 setulated setae distally, medial margin setulated.
Maxilliped (Fig. 38) with long-ovate epipodite reaching third palpal article,
strong endite and 5-segmented palp. Endite with a row of 5 short spines on distal
margin and 2 spines more proximally; 2 coupling-hooks proximally and 2 setae
on basipodite on medial margin. Palpal articles 1-3 broader than 5 and 6;
articles 1 and 5 shorter than 2-4; articles 1 and 2 with medially directed setae on
medial margin and a tooth-like structure on lateral corners distally; 3 'teeth' and
1 seta laterally and 3 setae medially on article 3; articles 4 and 5 with 3 and 4
distal setae, respectively.
Pereopods not sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 39) shorter than
pereopods 2-7, articles broader; a weak subchela formed by distal 3 articles.
Basis with 5 cuticular scales on dorsal margin, 1 feather-like seta ventrally.
Ischium 3/4 as long as basis, 1 seta ventrodistally. Merus trapezoidal, ventral
margin serrated by 6 teeth, 2 setae and 1 sensory spine ventrodistally, 1 spinelike seta dorsodistally. Carpus trapezoidal, 1.6 times as long as merus; 2 sensory
spines ventrally, further setation as seen on the drawing. Propodus ovate, 2
ventral sensory spines, 1 seta ventrally, 4 setae on distal margin, 4 tufts of setules
on surface. Dactylus half as long as propodus and distally 1/4 as broad; 1 short
claw inserting on last third ventrally; 1 distal claw, half as long as dactylus; 2
terminal setae.
Pereopods 2-7 (Figs 39-40) subequal in shape and length. Basis longest
article, proximal part forming an angle of about 45" with rest of basis; 2 medial
feather-like setae dorsally on pereopods 5, 6 and further simple setae on all
pereopods as seen on the drawings. Ischium 0.7 times as long as basis, 3 to 5
setae. Merus nearly half as long as basis; 1 ventromedial seta, 1 distal spine
ventrally and dorsally, further setae as shown. Carpus as long as ischium; 1 to 2
setae, 1 feather-like seta dorsodistally, 1 seta dorsomedially; 3 to 4 ventral
sensory spines. Propodus 5/6 as long as carpus; 1 to 4 setae, 1 feather-like seta,
none or 1 sensory spine distally, a row of 1 to 3 sensory spines ventrally. Dactylus
shortest article, 1 terminal claw 0.8 times as long as dactylus; 1 distal claw
ventrally, half as long as previous; 2 to 3 distal setae as long as long claw, 1 or 2
short distal setae.
Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 40) expanded in posterior third, forming short lateral
292
H.WINKLER
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM T H E STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
293
'horns', width of expansion 50% of length of pleopod 1, 4 setae on tip;
anterolateral margins serrated by 5 teeth, 2 setae between last tooth and
expansion; posterior margins forming an angle of 80"; 4 pairs of setae on
posterior margins.
Protopod of male pleopod 2 (Fig. 41) less than 3 times longer than broad,
rounded, lateral margin with setae; endopod shorter, second article curved and
directed towards protopod.
Female pleopod 2 (Opc, Fig. 41) ovoid, distally tapering towards a rounded
apex, margin setose, 2 lines of 4 setae each.
Exopod of pleopod 3 (Fig. 41) 2-articulated, distal article pointed, with
terminal seta, a little shorter than setae of endopod; endopod with 3 pectinate
setae.
Pleopod 4 (Fig. 41) with very short pointed exopod, shorter than pleopod 3.
Pleopod 5 (Fig. 41) uniramous, nearly rectangular, with rounded corners,
slightly larger than pleopod 4.
Uropod (Fig. 41) biramous, protopod very small, ring-like, exopod 1.5 times
as long as endopod, 5 terminal feather-like setae, 1 lateral simple seta, reaching
tip of feather-like setae; exopod with 2 terminal setae, reaching tip of exopod.
Remarks. There are no species in the genera of the Paramunnidae having the
unique combination of characters of Magellianira serrata.
Munnogonium tillerae (Menzies & Barnard, 1959) Bowman & Schultz, 1974
(Fig. 42)
Material. 7 males, 0.7-0.98 mm; 4 females, 0.6-0.82 mm; station HF. 1 male,
0.8 mm; 2 females 0.66 and 0.67 mm; station Sta. K. 1 female 0.55 mm; station
HL. 1 female 0.56mm; station HGG. 1 male 0.8 mm; 1 ovigerous female
1.15 mm; station HSS. 3 ovigerous females 0.71-0.75 mm; station HW. 5 males
0.76-1 .O mm; 7 females 0.6-0.85 mm; 3 ovigerous females 1.1-1.27 mm; station
HC .
Distribution. Concepcih near the Mexican Border, Southern California,
Cowlitz Bay, Waldron Island, San Juan Archipelago, Satellite Channel, British
Columbia, Canada, Magellan Strait.
Remarks. This species was originally described by Menzies & Barnard (1959)
as Austrosignum tillerae. Bowman & Schultz (1974) added it to the genus
Munnogonium, which was created in 1968 by George & Stromberg. Finally
Kussakin ( 1988) recognized that their type-species Munnognium waldronense was
identical with M . tillerae.
Until now Munnogonium tillerae was only known from the North American east
coast. But considering the present material it seems that this species occurs in the
Magellan Strait, too. Differences with the drawings of Bowman & Schultz
(1974) are the longer setae on propodus and carpus of pereopods 2-7 (3/4 as
long as segments).
The pleopods 4 and 5 have not been described until now. Fig. 42 shows them
from Patagonian specimens. Endopod of pleopod 4 a little shorter than exopod,
slender and apically pointed, exopod with parallel margins, tip sword-like;
pleopod 5 of 1 lobe, as long as whole pleopod 4, tip lanceote, more than twice as
long as broad in the middle.
294
H. WINKLER
,
\
\
..-\
PlpS(M)
Fig. 42. Munnogonium lillerue (Menzies & Barnard, 1959) Bowman & Schultz, 1974. Plp4(M),
PIp5(M), pleopods 4 and 5 of male.
Acutomunna foliacea (Chardy, 1975) gen. nov.
Diagnosis. Paramunnidae with laterally pointed pereonites. Cephalothorax not
deeply recessed into pereonite 1, with pointed ‘eyestalks’ not reaching lateral tips
of pereonite 1; eyes lacking. Lateral parts of pereonites 1-4 anterolaterally,
lateral parts of pereonites 5-7 posterolaterally directed. One free small pleonite
not recessed into last pereonite. Pleotelson as broad as long, lateral margins
serrated. Antenna 1 6-articulate; articles 1 and 2 relatively long, first article 3
times as long as broad, second article nearly 6 times as long as broad. Proximal
article of antenna 2 short. Small 3-segmented mandibular palp. Pereopod 1
shortest, articles broader than those of pereopods 2-7; last 3 articles forming a
subchela. Pereopods 2-7 subequal, terminated by 2 long seta-like claws each.
Small biramous uropod laterally on pleotelson, posteriorly directed; sympod not
visible.
Type species: Acutomunna foliacea (Chardy, 1975)
Composition: monotypic
Etymology. The Latin word ‘acutus’ means ‘sharp’ or ‘pointed’. The name
Acutomunna indicates a Munna-like species with pointed pereonites.
Discussion. I n Acutomunna foliacea (Chardy, 1975), characters are present which
are common to all Paramunnidae, such as shape of the pleotelson and shape and
proportions of the mouthparts, pereopod 1, pleopod 3 and the uropods. Other
characters are present only in single genera of this family: the first article of
antenna 1 resembles Abyssianira argentinensis Menzies, 1962, while the peduncle of
antenna 2 is formed as in all Paramunnidae; pereopod 2 has especially long and
slender claw(s), as in Austrosignum abyssale Menzies & George, 1972.
Three characters distinguish A . foliacea from the species of Paramunna: The
pointed eyestalks without ommatidia, antenna 1 with relatively long first two
articles and the pereonites with tergites laterally pointed, those of pereonites 1-4
anterolaterally directed.
Because of this unique combination of characters, the erection of a new genus
seems to be justified.
It should be noted that only females of A. foliacea are known.
PARAMUNNIDAE FROM T H E STRAITS O F MAGELLAN
295
REMOVALS
Removal of Paramunna foresti Carvacho, 1977
There are many characters seen on Carvacho’s drawings of Paramunna foresti
which are not common in the Paramunnidae: antenna 1 has more than 6
articles, and it seems that there is more than 1 aesthetasc (it may be that
Carvacho drew the terminal setae too broad), a large mandibular palp with 2
setulated setae on the second article, 3 coupling-hooks on the maxilliped, a long
and slender carpus and propodus of pereopod 7 adorned with many sensory
spines, and large uropods. So it is obvious that this species is misplaced. Though
a redescription of the type-material is desirable it seems that this species belongs
to the Munnidae Sars, 1899, and all characters described are present in the
genus Munna Kroyer, 1839.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was supported by the ‘Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft’ (Wa
530/11). I am very grateful to Iris Zaehle and Alfons Zimmermann, who
prepared the ink drawings. The material was collected by Prof. Gallardo
(Universidad de Concepcih, Chile) and kindly left in the hands of Dr J. W.
Wagele (Universitat Bielefeld, Germany). I sincerely thank Dr Wagele for his
critical review of the manuscript; his rich archive made this study much easier. I
am also grateful to the known and unknown reviewers for their important
comments on my work.
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