U.S. History
Lesson 2
Holocaust
P
Persecution
i Begins
B i
A. Jews Targeted
1. 4/7/33 – Hitler wanted all non-Aryans removed from govt. jobs.
l
– murder
d of 11 million
illi Jews & undesirables
d i bl
2. Holocaust
a) Hitler blamed them for GER failures – WWI, etc.
b) Nuremburg Laws – took away citizenship of Jews - 1935
B. Kristallnact – “Night of Broken Glass” Nov. 9-10, 1939
1. Storm troopers destroyed synagogues, homes, business, etc.
a) blamed Jews for the destruction
C. Jewish Refugees
1. Jews fled to other countries
a) fled to FR, BR, U.S., etc.
1) Albert Einstein, Thomas Mann, etc.
b) Am. were worried – already had unemployment.
2. 1932 – GER ship St. Louis went to Miami
a) coast guard wouldn
wouldn’tt let anyone off.
off
b) critics said the U.S. was inhumane
Hitler’s Final Solution
A The Condemned
A.
1. genocide- killing an entire population
2. Aryans were superior – death to everyone else!
a) Jews
b) gypsies
c) Jehovah Witnesses
d) ill, disabled, etc.
3. Security Squadrons “SS” rounded them up and shot them.
B. Forced Relocation
1. sent to ghettos – segregated communities
a) forced to work in GER factories
C Concentration Camps
C.
1. labor camps – families were separated.
a) usually ended in death
b) cramped
d conditions
diti
c) rats, fleas, etc.
2. When you couldn’t work – you were killed!
Finall Stage
Fi
St
A. Mass Extermination
1. starvation, beating, & bullets Æ not fast enough
2. 6 “death” camps in Poland
a) Chelmno – 1941 – gas chambers killed 12,000/day
b) Auschwitz – largest camp
1) told they were going to take a shower – given soap
2) poisoned w/ cyanide gas
li orchestra
h
of other
h prisoners
i
played
l d in
i background
b k
d
3)) live
4) buried by other inmates in large pits.
3. Bodies left evidence
a) huge crematoriums
4. Medical Experiments
a) injected w/ horrible germs
b) sterilization – wanted to perfect Aryan race
B. Survivors
1. 6 million Jews were killed
a) eating = survival – only the strong could work
b) survivors were changed forever
U.S. Musters its Forces
A M
A.
Moving
i A
Away ffrom N
Neutrality
t lit
1. Cash & Carry – Cong. allowed war countries to pay cash for arms.
2. Destroyer Base Deal – 50 old destroyers for military bases.
B. Axis Threat
1. GER, IT, JAP joined – Axis Powers
2. U.S. would have to fight a 2 ocean war if we got involved.
C. Building U.S. Defenses
1. Peace-Time Draft
a) drafted 1 million soldiers (just in case)
D. FDR Runs for a 3rd Term
1. FDR broke the 2 term tradition
2. REP – Wendell Willkie – also supported the war
3. People already knew FDR – he won again.
Arsenal For Democracy
A L
A.
Lend-Lease
dL
Act
A t
1. If GER defeats BR they will try to take over the world.
2. FDR lent arms to the allies – supposed to be returned
B S
B.
Supporting
ti St
Stalin
li
1. Hitler broke the Soviet Pact – attacked USSR
a) U.S. helps all enemies of GER
b) Ch
Churchill
hill said,
id “If Hitler
Hitl invaded
i d d hell,
h ll the
th BR would
ld workk
with the Devil himself!”
C. German Wolf Packs
1. Groups of 40 U-Boats patrolled the Atlantic.
a) sunk 350,000 tons of supplies/month
2. 1943 – RADAR & SONAR were used to detect them.
FDR Plans for War
1. FDR signed the Atlantic Charter – give economic cooperation to
Allies - 26 nations were members.
2 Congress allowed U.S.
2.
U S ships to return fire on U
U-Boats
Boats.
Japan Attacks the U.S.
A. Japanese Plan for the Pacific
1 JJuly
1.
l – 1937 – Hideki
Hid ki Tojo
T j invaded
i d d China
Chi
a) took colonial land from FR, BR, NETH
b) only the U.S. is in the way of Pacific domination.
2 July – 1941 – invaded Indochina (Vietnam
2.
(Vietnam, Laos
Laos, etc.)
etc )
a) U.S. stopped all trade w/ Japan
b) JAP relied on U.S. oil for military
B. Peace Talks
1. Tojo met w/ Emperor & promised peace w/ the U.S.
2. He then planned an attack
3. U.S. expected it – didn’t know where
a) FDR said JAP would have to strike first
C P
C.
Pearll H
Harbor
b
1. 12/7/41 – JAP planes attack @ Pearl Harbor
a)) 180 pplanes attacked
b) killed 2403 Am. & wounded 1178.
c) sunk 21 ships – most of U.S. fleet
d) destroyed 300 aircraft
e) 3 carriers were at sea – survived!
D. Reaction
1. People were worried about fighting on 2 fronts.
2 12/8/41 – U.S.
2.
U S declared war on JAP
3. No more isolationism – most Am. wanted revenge!