IEA/5T
IEA/ 12T
SECTION
T
TOUS - UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
I F.A/j T
IJNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
l.
Modern scientists can solve more complicated problems than
the scientists of the past because they
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2.
Betty is planning an experiment on the conditions requir ed for
seeds to germinate. She knows that they need water and air and
thinks that warmth and light may also be necessary. She pla ns
to set up one experiment in which seeds of vari ous kind s ar e given
water and air in a warm light place.
What other experiments should she set up?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.
One other in which the seeds are without water and air and
are kept in a cold, dark place.
One other in which the seeds are without water and ai r and
are kept in a cold, light place.
One other in which the seeds have water and air and are
kept in a cold, dark place.
Two others; one in which the seeds have water and air a nd
are kept in a cold, light place, and one in which the s e eds
have water and air and are kept in a warm, dark place.
Two others, one in which the seed s have water and air a nd are
kept in a cold, dark place and one in which the seeds a r e
without water and air and are kept in a warm, light pla c e.
All the following play some part in scientific discovery, bu t
one of them is more characteristic of scientific investigat i on
than the others ~ Which one is it?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.
know that many of the ideas of earlier scientists were
wrong.
have more imagination than earlier scientists.
can build on the ideas and discoveries of earlier scientis~s.
are more intelligent than earlier scientists.
receive a better education than earlier scientists.
Measurement and calculation.
Using complicated apparatus.
Making experimental measurements more accurate.
Checking through the work of earlier scientists.
Testing ideas by observation and experiment.
Scientific discoveries have come from
A. many countries of the world.
B. only countries with big industries.
C. only countries with large populations.
D. almost all the countries with free education for all.
E. only countries where the governments finance research.
I EA/5T
2.
5.
In the past, important scientific discoveries were made by
clergymen, statesmen, businessmen, and others who worked on
scienoe as amateurs. Why is this less true today?
A.
E.
c.
D.
E.
6.
We do experiments when we are learning science because
A.
E.
C.
D.
E.
7.
E.
c.
D.
E.
One might torget them, and they may turn out to be important
later.
It is a good way to train powers of observation.
It trains one to think olearly and write accurately.
Good soientists always do it.
One is supposed to have a oomplete record of what one has
donet
Which of the tpllowing is the most oomplete statement of what
' soientists study?
A.
E.
C.
D.
E.
9.
experiments are used to test ideas by experience.
experiments enable us to learn better.
experiments make learning more interesting.
we oan show that we all get the same results.
it is important to learn to handle apparatus skilfully.
Why should one make a written note of all the observations made
when oarrying out a scientifio investigation?
A.
8.
Men in other professions are less interested in science
today than they used to be.
Soientifio researoh today requires many years of specialised
preparation and training.
Important disooveries oannot be made today without expensi ve
equipment, whioh on ly soientists possess.
Only professionaI soientists have the abilities needed to make
important disooveries.
Everyone now has to work so hard at his own job that there
is not time to work on soienoe as an amateur.
Atoms, radiations, life.
SUbstances, energy, living things.
Matter, spaoe, wpves.
Plants, animals, mioro-organisms.
Mol.oules, earth, stars.
Whioh one of the tollowing is the best description of a
soientifio experiment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Measurements made to find the value of a phy.ioal constant
to agreater degree of aoouraoy.
Observations made to learn more about natural phenomena.
Observations made under oontrolled oonditions to test a
given hypothesis.
Studies made with soientifio equipment to verify natural laws.
Measurements made under speoified oonditions to support orude,
unaided observations.
IEA/5T
3.
10.
A scientist predicted that an experiment would come out in 3
certain way. When he did the experiment, the result was different from what he expected. As a scientist, which of the
following would be his most likely reactian?
A.
B.
c.
D.
E.
Il.
When newevidenee that does not fit inta a well-established
scientifie theory appears, whieh one of the following do
scientists usually do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
12.
D1scard the theory and produce a new on e.
Modify the evidence in such away that it does fit the
theory.
Keep the theory because it has proved useful and ignor.e
the new evidenee.
Change the theory in such away that the evidenee can fit it.
Design experiments to refute the new evidence.
The test o f the validity of a scientific tteory is that the theory
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
13.
"I should not have m ~1de a prediction before trying out
the experiment. ,I
"I will improve the experiment and made i t c ome out in
the way I predicted."
"If I had better equipment for the experiment, I would
get the right results. "
"If I praetise long enough, it will come out in the way
I want it to."
"Something was wrong either with my pr e dictian, the experiment, or m.y observations."
makes it easy to under3tand the world we live in.
stimulates further scientific investigation.
gives a simple picture of a complicated pattern of natural
events.
makes a clear distinction between what are facts and what
are beliefs.
explains all the known faets related to eertain phenomena.
An astronomer in Australia reports that he has seen evidenee of
plant growth on the planet Venus. Scientists will accept this
report as important evidence if
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
other inde pendent observations confirm the report.
the species of plants have been identified.
the Australian government certifies the observation as correct.
other astronomers agree that there is oxygen on Venus.
the astronomer in Australia is a biologist as weIl as an
astronomer.
4.
IEA/5T
14.
Which of the following is the principal aim of scientific
investigation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
15.
To verify what has already been diecovered about thE
physical universe.
To describe and explain natural phenomena in terms of
principles and theories.
To discover, collect and classifyas many facts as possibl e
about inanimate and animate nature.
To provide the people of the world with the means for
leading happier lives.
To make the world more tecIlnologically advanced and so do
without hard physical labour.
John Smith is a very imaginative young person. If he does not
become a sci~ntist, what is the most likely explanation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
He might not want to give up his freedom of thought.
Imaginative people usually become artists or writers.
He might like some other field of work better than science.
Science is too factual and gives no scope for the imagination.
A scientist has to be objective which is impossible if one
is imaginative.
IEJ\-Il ? T
UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
l.
Whioh of the following is the most eomplete statement of what
scientists study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2.
Whieh of the following is the best deseription of a seientifio
law?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.
the formulation of a seientifie theory.
the testing of a scientific hypothesis.
the statement of a scientific law.
a deduetion from kinetie theory.
stating the resul~ of a seientific experiment.
Which on of the following is the best description of a seientifie
experiment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
A good guess about how things happen in hature.
A rule that a scientist follows when he is working.
Astatement that summarises simil3r events in nature.
A coneise summary of the results of an experiment in
mathematieal terms.
A description of natural events by the use of theoretical
ideas.
Gay-Lussac carried out many experiments with gases and observed
that vhen gases are heated, their volumes always increase in the
same way provided that the pressure remains the same. Gay-Lussac
expressed this by saying, "at constant pressure, the volume of
a given mass of gas varies directly with the temperature." His
statement is an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.
Atoms, radiations, life.
Substanees, energy, living things.
Ma t t e r , s pa c e, wa ves.
Plants, animals, miero-organisms.
Moleollles, earth, stars.
Measurements made to find the value of a physical constant
to agreater degree of aecuracy.
Observations made to learn more about natural phenomena.
Observations made under controlled conditions to test a
given hypothesis.
Studies made with scientific equipment to verify natural laws.
Measurements made under specified conditions to support crude,
unaided observations.
If a botanist wants to determine the faetors that eontribute to the
growth of a certain plant, whieh of the following things would be
least likely to help him?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
To formul a te an hypothesis based on ',I,L, , he thinks the factors are.
To find the mathema';ical equation tha t I its the plant's gro'.v'th curve
To think about the factors that contribute to the growth of other
plants.
To look the subject up ' in the library.
To talk his problem over with other botanists.
IEA/ 12T
2.
A scientist predicted th~t an experiment would come out in a certain way. When he did the experiment, the result was different
from wh 1t he expected. As a scientist, which of th 8 followin g
would be his mo ;; t likely reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.
When new evidence that does not fit into a well-established
scientific theory appears, which one of the following do
scientists usually do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8.
Discard the theory and produce a new one.
Modify the evidence in such away that it does fit the theory.
Keep the theory because it has proved useful and ignore the
new evidence.
Medify the theory in suoh away that the evidence can fit it.
Design experiments to refute the new evidence.
Which one of the following best describes the purpose of a scientific theory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9.
"I should not have made a prediction before trying out the
experiment."
"I will improve the experiment and make it come out in the
way I predicted."
"If I had better equipment for the experiment, I would get
the right results.
"If I practise long enough, it will come out in the way I
want it to."
"Something was wrong either with my prediction, the experiment,
or my observations."
It provides the final answer to a soientific question.
It gives direotions for making use of scientific discoveries.
It relates facts and explains different natural events.
It suggests good methods for carrying out scientific experiments.
It implies the questiuns that lead to further important exp eriments.
In the 17th century, Newton formu13ted his laws of motion and the
theory of universal gravitation, which were eventually aocepted
by all physicists. In the 20th oentury, Einstein proposed the
muoh broader theory of relativity, whioh physioists have now
generallyaccepted. Physioists today oonsider Newton's ideas as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
mistaken beoause of Newton 's limited experienoe.
oonoepts that oan be oontained within Einstein' theory.
applioable only to physical events in the solar system.
superior to Einstein's beoause they oan be used to solve
many physical problems.
historically interesting but no longer of much value.
IEA/12T
10.
An astronomer in Australia reports that he has seen ev idenee of
p13nt gro-rth or: th c planet Venus. Scientir;ts Hill 8CCGpt ~~ 1 1i8
report as import a nt evidenee if
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Il.
Which of the following i s the principal aim of scientific
investigation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
12.
'ru verifywhat has !:ilready been disoovered öbout the
ph~rsical
universe.
To describe and explain natural phenomena in terms of
principles and the theories.
To discover, collect and classifyas many faets as possible
about inanimate and animate nature.
To provide the people of the world with the means for leading
happier lives.
To make the world more technologically advanced and so do
without h8rd physical 10bour.
If we ask an astronomer to explain why some stars vary in their
apparent brightness, he will mO i: t likely gi ve his explana tian in
terms of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
13.
oth~r independent observatinns confirm the rpp~rt.
the species of plants have been identified.
the Australian government certifies the observation as eorrect.
other astronomers agree th8t there is oxygen on Venus,
the astronomer in Australia is a biologist as weIl as an
a s ·c.r:onomer.
the logical neeessity for same stars at least to vary
brightness.
acoepted soientifio laws and principles.
precise mathematical formulae and equations.
verifipd astronomioal aRta.
the theory of the expanding universe.
i~
John Smith is a very imaginetive young person. If he does not
becorne a scientist, whnt is the most likely explenation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
He might not want to give up his freedom of thought.
Imaginative people usually become artists or writers.
He might like same other field of work better than science.
Science is too faotual and gives no scope from the imagination.
A scientist has to be objective which is impossible if one
is ima gina ti ve.
IEA /12T
)-1 .
A.
Todny, p h y ~; icists of several c ountries are worki.:1g on experim ents
to determine whether or not on8 of Einstein's theories correctly
pl:'edicts thl? effect of gr8vity on light.
Thi G work best illustrates the f~ct that
A.
IL,
C.
D,
.
an impo r' t 'nt functian of a theory is to stimula te re,3ca rc;
it is important to have an accurate value fo:r the veloci t J
of li g ht.
space travel has uncove r ed. new facts that need explan<:l tian.
it t 'l kes ;1 long time befo " e a theory is found to be genera 11 ,
~J C C ":r' t,q b L ')
same people will always d )ubt th c value of any theor y .
r
B.
l~.
The wo r d modnl h3S a special meaning in science and models play
an important part in scientific thinking. An example of a
scientific m(/deT is "th c: a tOl1 is like a minia ture solar system
composed of electroYls in orbi ~ s round a nucleus containing protons and neutrons". Which of the following statements about
scientific models is NOT corrnct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Models are mental images and may not represent reality.
Models contain as few assl'mptions as possible.
Models represent what scientists could see with very powerful instruments.
Models are only tentative and may be modified or discarded.
Models are useful because they express the unknown in terms
of the known.
r
I
POPULATION IV
Item
CHENIST~!
_C o~re c t ReE..E..~
PRACTICAL (National Option)
~ehaviour Categor~
Source
----
A.I.K.U.
II
A.J.R.T.
II
N.R.S.V.
II
2.26
E.H.
II
2.27
Y
D.G ./
II
Z
D.H.
II
2
3X
1. 24
8
Summary of Behaviour Categories
II
18
III
18
O
O
O
18
12
12
12
30
Total
Practical Pen
and
Paper
4
6
Total
I
marks
18
j .
T"
14.
POPUM.TIO'f IV
PHYSIC3 PRAC nCAL (National Cption)
Item Gor-rect Response Behaviour Ca tegoJ..',Z SOUIce T1arks
A
I
1.25
l
C
I
1. :26
l
3
E
III
lon
l
4
D
III
1.;8
l
III
.31
l
l
'J
JI
JTJ .
I + III
!V or I + III
IV
l
If II = I +- III 1Jith:: n
If II = 1. 1-I o, T +. lE
(not both) " j~. t h·~ll ?'J1
_l
IV
1
V
G
7
VI + VII
1
A
l . ,~E3
to 1. 52
III
;2.32
1
II
2.33
l
If V
=
VI + VII wi t Jlin
9 x 2 to bring el08e
Total
the
biolor~'Y B. Del
·~hemi'3
~mmary
of Behaviour Categories
I
2
J
<-
II
1
J
l
III
6
12
18
9
12
21
Fn) ctica 1
Pr'n
r.n:d
F[q er
')
Total
t
()
2 C/.;S
'/
SECTION 2 ( FOH POPULATION II)
UNDERSTANT =~ KG
THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
ANSWER CODE
*
l.
C
2/.
D
3.
9.
C
E
E
* 10.
* ll.
D
4.
A
12.
E
5.
B
A
6.
A
* 13.
* 14.
7.
A
8.
B
*
)(-
* 15.
Anohor item with Population IV
B
C
15.
IEA/12 rr
16 .
SEr:TION 2 (FOR POPULATION IV)
UNDERSTA~DING
THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
ANSWER CODE
9.
C
)(-
10.
A
-'J;-
ll.
B
C
12.
B
5.
B
* 13.
C
h.
E
14.
A
* 7.
D
15.
C
8.
C
l.
B
2.
C
3.
C
* 4.
*
',c
*
Arwhor {terr;s vi,t:: POp.d8tion
J.J.: