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POM Test Review for Part II of test
2017
Property of Matter (POM): Test Review
Directions: Answer the following questions. You may bullet your answers.
I.
History of the Atom
1.) According to the Greeks, what were the FOUR elements from which everything
was made?
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2.) Democritus coined the term “atomos”. What is the meaning of this term?
3.) What are the FOUR Key points in the Dalton’s Modern Atomic Theory?
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POM Test Review for Part II of test
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Dalton’s Modern Atomic Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
All matter made of atoms (everything is made of atoms)
Atoms are indivisible and indestructible
All atoms of given element are identical
All atoms of different elements are different
4. Draw a labeled diagram of DALTON’S MODEL.
5. Describe Dalton’s MODEL (list at least 3 adjectives).
Dalton’s model, solid, sphere, tiny (like tiny version of a billiard ball, or bowling ball)
6. OPPOSITE charges attract, LIKE or similar charges repel.
7.
JJ Thomson called the discovered ELECTRONS (negative particles) and then
also predicted that there must be a POSITIVE STUFF (HOWEVER, HE BELIEVED
THE POSITIVE MATERIAL WAS A SOLID POSITIVE SPHERE WITH NEGATIVE CLUMPS
SPREAD THROUGHOUTOUT).
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8.
JJ Thomson’s model is sometimes called the PLUM PUDDING model or the
BLUEBERRY MUFFIN model.
9.
Draw a labeled diagram of Thomson’s model
NEGATIVE PARTICLES OR ELECTRONS
POSITIVE SOLID MATERIAL MAKING UP REST OF SOLID SPHERE
10.
Rutherford discovered the NUCLEUS and believed that the atom was
mostly EMPTY SPACE. HE ALSO NAMED THE POSITIVE PARTICLES - PROTONS
11.
Draw and label Rutherford’s model of the atom.
ELECTRONS
NUCLEUS (Positive
particles now called protons are in here)
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12.) List the THREE characteristics of the Niels Bohr’s model of the atom.
-Electrons located in planet-like orbits
-Electrons move in these orbits which are located around the nucleus
-The orbits represent different energy levels
13.) James Chadwick discovered the NEUTRON which has a NEUTRAL charge.
14.) Draw a labeled diagram of Bohr’s model and describe it in a minimum of
three sentences.
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15.) Why is Bohr’s model used so much even though it does not completely show
an accurate view of what we now know the atom looks like?
It's not so much that the Bohr model is useless, it's just that we have a better, more
refined model.
The model is easy to use, simply and it has a purpose in showing the electrons in
each of their energy levels.
16.) What is the modern model of the atom called?
Electron cloud model
17.) Draw a labeled diagram of the Modern Model of the atom.
OR
II.
Matter and Measuring it
18.) Everything in the UNIVERSE is made of (MATTER)/ATOMS?
19.) Define mass and volume.
MASS: THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT (SUBSTANCE)
VOLUME: THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AN OBJECT (SUBSTANCE) TAKES UP
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20.) A) How do you find the mass of an object?
USE A SCALE
B) What are the units we use in class for mass?
GRAMS
21.) A) How do you find the volume of a liquid?
POUR IT INTO A GRADUATED CYLINDER
B) What tool do you use to measure liquid volume: metric ruler, digital scale,
graduated cylinder?
C) What are the units we use for liquids in class: grams, milliliters, or centimeters
cubed?
THIS IS ONLY ONE OF THE UNITS WE USE – DON’T FORGET WHAT THE STANDARD UNIT
OF MEASURE IS FOR LIQUIDS (LITERS)
22.) A) How do you find the volume of a regular-shaped (box shape) solid object?
MEASURE LENGTH, WIDTH AND HEIGHT, USING A METRIC RULER, MULTIPLY TOGETHER
B) What tool do you use: metric ruler, digital scale, graduated cylinder?
C) What are the units we use for solids in class: grams, milliliters, or centimeters
cubed?
23.) A) How do you find the volume of an irregular shaped solid object?
USE THE WATER DISPLACEMENT METHOD:
 POUR A KNOWN VOLUME OF WATER INTO A GRADUATED CYLINDER,
 THEN PLACE THE OBJECT INTO THE WATER,
 RECORD THE FINAL VOLUME OF WATER AND
 THEN SUBTRACT THE INITIAL VOLUME OF WATER FROM THE FINAL VOLUME.
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THIS CHANGE IN WATER VOLUME IS THE AMOUNT OF WATER DISPLACED BY THE
OBJECT AND SO IT REPRESENTS THE VOLUME OF THE OBJECT.
IN USING THE WATER DISPLACEMENT PROCESS WE MEASURE THE CHANGE IN
VOLUME OF WATER, SO THEREFORE USE UNITS OF LITERS OR MILLILITERS BECAUSE
WATER IS A LIQUID. SO WE MUST CONVERT ml TO cm3 (CUBIC CENTIMETERS) AND
BECAUSE 1ml = 1cm3 YOU SIMPLY REWRITE THE SAME NUMBER AND THEN REPLACE ml
WITH cm3.
B) What tool do you use: metric ruler, digital scale, graduated cylinder?
C) What are the units we use for solids in class: grams, milliliters, or centimeters
cubed?
III.
Density
24.) A) How do you calculate density? (Use words or symbols)
DIVIDE THE MASS OF THE OBJECT BY THE VOLUME OF THE OBJECT
MASS (g)
VOLUME (ml)
MASS (g)
VOLUME (cm3)
B) What are the units of density for a liquid:
g/cm3 or g/ml?
C) What are the units of density for a solid:
g/cm3 or g/ml?
D) What are the units of density for a gas:
g/cm3 or g/ml?
25.) The technical definition of density is:
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THE MASS OF A KNOWN VOLUME
26.) You could say that density is how MANY atoms/molecules are in a GIVEN
AMOUNT OF SPACE
27.) If I have a chunk of gold, a gold necklace and a gold statue, are they all
going to have the same density? Give three reasons that explain why or why
not?
THEY ALL HAVE:
1. THEY ARE COMPOSED OF THE SAME TYPE OF ATOM
2. PRETTY MUCH ALL ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT HAVE THE SAME NUMBER
OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS SO THEREFORE HAVE THE SAME ATOMIC
MASS (WE ARE IGNORING ISOTOPES, RIGHT NOW)
3. DENSITY IS A CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTY (IT DOESN’T CHANGE EVEN IF THE
OVERALL VOLUME OR MASS OF THAT OBJECT CHANGE, SINCE DENSITY IS
SIMPLY STATING THE MASS OF 1 ml OR 1 cm3 OF AN OBJECT OR
SUBSTANCE)
28.) List and explain four reasons why density is important
29.) List and explain three real world applications of density
AVALANCHE JACKETS – INFLATE WITH AIR (LESS DENSE) RISE TO THE TOP
LIFT A CAR THAT HAS SUNK IN WATER WITH AN AIR BAG - INFLATE BAGS WITH AIR
(LESS DENSE) RISE TO THE TOP
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FISH – USE SWIM BLADDERS (GAS BLADDERS) INFLATE WITH OXYGEN TO ALLOW
THEM TO MOVE
HELIUM INFLATED BALLOONS
HOT AIR BALLOON
PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES
BUILDING AND USING SHIPS, SUBMARINES, AND PLANES
ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS – WEIGHT AND DISTRIBUTION OF WEIGHT
PIPE AND PUMP DESIGN – DENSER FLUIDS STRONGER PIPES AND PUMPS
OIL SPILLS – CAN CLEAN UP IN DIFFERENT WAYS BECAUSE OIL LESS DENSE THAN
WATER
SMOG – MORE DENSE SINKS DOWN AND CAN CAUSE HEALTH ISSUES
DANGEROUS GASES MORE DENSE THAN AIR SINK TO GROUND AND DO NOT
FLOW OUT AS EASILY
DROP TO GROUND DURING FIRE AS SMOKE AND HEAT RISE LESS DENSE THAN AIR
CONVECTION CURRENTS IN AIR AND UNDER CRUST WITH MAGMA
DENSITY OF CHOLESTEROL (HDL – HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN AND LDL – LOW
DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN) DIFFERENT DENSITIES OF THIS TYPE OF CHOLESTEROL IN
YOUR BLOOD. HIGH DENISTY LIPOPROTEIN IS BETTER THAN HIGH LOW DENSITY
LIPOPROTEIN.
IV.
Other Properties of Matter
30.) List some characteristic properties of matter
 DENSITY
 MELTING/FREEZING POINT
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POM Test Review for Part II of test
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BOILING POINT
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
SOLUBILITY
COLOR
REACTIVITY
COMBUSTIBILITY
31.) Explain why characteristic properties change or don’t change.
CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES ARE PROPERTIES THAT DEFINE AND DESCRIBE A
SUBSTANCE SO AS A RESULT THEY HELP IDENTIFY THAT SUBSTANCE. CERTAIN
PROPERTIES OR CHARACTERISTICS DEFINE WHO WE ARE AS PEOPLE BECAUSE
THEY DON’T’ CHANGE (LIKE EYE COLOR, HAIR COLOR AND SKIN COLOR).
IF THESE PROPERTIES DID CONSTANTLY CHANGE THEN THEY WOULD NOT USE
THEM TO DESCRIBE OR DEFINE A SUBSTANCE OR PERSON AND THEY WOULD NOT
BE CONSIDERED CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES.
32.) Complete the table below:
Physical Properties
1.
COLOR
Chemical Properties
1. REACTIVITY
2.
2. COMBUSTIBILITY
3.
DENSITY
MELTING POINT/FREEZING POINT
(BOILING POINT)
3. FLAMMABILITY
33.) What is the biggest difference between a physical and a chemical
change?
IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE THE SUBSTANCE REMAINS THE SAME AT AN ATOMIC
LEVEL, DURING A CHEMICAL CHANGE, A NEW SUBSTANCE IS CREATED AND THE
CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF THE STARTING SUBSTANCE CHANGE BECAUSE IT
IS NOW SOMETHING NEW.
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PHYSICAL CHANGES ARE USUALLY REVERSIBLE (CAN BE UNDONE), WHEREAS
CHEMICAL CHANGES ARE NOT.
V.
The Atom
34.) Draw a labeled diagram of a Carbon atom. Be sure to include all of the
correct subatomic particles placed in the correct positions and identify the
valence electrons.
35.) Why is Carbon so important?
IT IS THE ATOM THAT IS PRESENT IN ALL LIFEFORMS ON EARTH.
36.) What would we call a neutral Carbon atom that gained an extra electron?
AN ION, MORE SPECIFICALLY AN ANION (AS IT IS A NEGATIVE ION).
What would we call a neutral Carbon atom that lost an electron?
ALSO AN ION, BUT MORE SPECIFICALLY A CATION (AS IT IS A POSITIVE ION).
37.) Why are valence electrons so important?
THEY ARE THE ELECTRONS THAT BOND OR DON’T BOND WITH OTHER ATOMS SO
THEY DETERMINE WHAT NEW SUBSTANCES ARE CREATED.
38.) List and describe the two types of bonds.
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COVALENT: ELECTRONS ARE SHARED BY ATOMS
IONIC: ONE ATOM LOSES AT LEAST ONE ELECTRONS WHILE THE OTHER GAINS AT
LEAST ONE ELECTRON
VI.
Atom, Elements, Mixture, Molecules and Compounds
39.) Know how the following are similar, different, and related: Atom, element,
molecule, compound and mixture.
ATOM: smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still have
the properties of that element
ELEMENT: substances that are the building blocks of all matter; An element is
made up of one type of atom
MOLECULE: smallest particle of a substance that still has the properties of that
substance
COMPOUND: matter made of two or more elements; The elements in a
compound are chemically bonded, cannot be separated by physical means,
and a compound has properties that are different from the elements that
make it up.
MIXTURE: a combination of two or more substances that have not been
combined chemically and that can be separated by physical means.
VII.
Periodic Table Patterns
40.) List some of the important facts about the history of the periodic table.
AFTER BREAK WILL BE TESTED OVER THIS
41.) Describe how a biologically related family is similar and yet different to a
group in the periodic table.
AFTER BREAK WILL BE TESTED OVER THIS
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42.) Know how to read the periodic table:
 Periods – what is true about all members of a period?
 Groups/families – what is true about all members of a group/family?
 Non-metal, metal and metalloid
 How the elements change as you move to the right and down the table
 What are the well-known families, where are they located and what are
some of the properties of these families
AFTER BREAK WILL BE TESTED OVER THIS
VIII. Models
43.) List three reasons why models are useful and then list what is important to
pay attention to when making them, if we want to be able to use them
properly.
MODELS CAN HELP US TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THINGS OR SITUATIONS THAT MAY
BE:
 TOO SMALL
 TOO LARGE
 TOO DANGEROUS or
 TOO EXPENSIVE
TO STUDY IN THE LAB/CLASSROOM SO WE TAKE MEASUREMENTS OF THE
OBJECT(S) AND SCALE THEM UP (IF THE OBJECT IS SMALL) OR SCALE THEM
DOWN (IF THE OBJECT IS LARGE).
WE USE THESE MODELS IN THE LAB TO:
 STUDY,
 LEARN ABOUT,
 DO EXPERIMENTS WITH,
 AND/OR MAKE PREDICTIONS ABOUT.
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IX.
POM Test Review for Part II of test
2017
Science
44.) Define science, list the important criteria or characteristics that describe
true science and then explain how and why science can be considered
universal.
SCIENCE IS ONE METHOD TO TRY TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE WORLD AROUND
US.
IN ORDER TO DO TRUE SCIENCE, A SET PROCEDURE MUST BE USED AND THIS
PROCEDURE IS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD (AND BASIC OBSERVATION) AND IS
SIMILAR TO A METHOD THAT ENGINEERS USE.
IF THIS PROCESS IS NOT USED THEN IT PROBABLY IS NOT TRUE SCIENCE.
UNIVERSAL MEANS THAT EVERY GROUP OF PEOPLE, CIVILIZATIONS AND/OR
CULTURES HAVE DONE THIS SAME THING THROUGHOUT ALL TIME.
BECAUSE EVERY GROUP OF PEOPLE, CIVILIZATION AND/OR CULTURE
THROUGHOUT ALL TIME HAS ATTEMPTED TO UNDERSTAND THE WORLD AROUND
THEM AND BECAUSE THIS IS THE DEFINITION OF SCIENCE, WE CAN SAY THAT
SCIENCE IS UNIVERSAL
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1. Define what a characteristic property is.
A trait or characteristic that helps define or describe a substance. Think of traits that help
define or describe you, traits that specifically describe or define you would be your
characteristic properties or traits.
2. List three characteristic properties below.
These can be physical or chemical
Physical:
a. Density
b. Hardness
c. Viscosity
d. Melting or freezing point
e. Boiling point
f. Electrical conductivity
g. Malleability
Chemical:
a. Reactivity
b. Flammability
c. pH
d. Corrosiveness
3. Identify three things that characteristic properties can be used for:
a. Helps you identify a substance
b. Helps you make predictions about how a substance might interact or behave
c. Helps you distinguish groups of elements or compounds from other groups
4. Define physical property and physical change.
Physical Property: a characteristic that you can observe through your senses without having
to change the composition or identity of the object
Physical Change: rearranges molecules but doesn't affect their internal structures and so it
does not change a substance into another different substance. Some examples of physical
change are:
Examples include:

whipping egg whites (air is forced into the fluid, but no new substance is produced)
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5.
2017
magnetizing a compass needle (there is realignment of groups ("domains") of iron
atoms, but no real change within the iron atoms themselves).
boiling water (water molecules are forced away from each other when the liquid
changes to vapor, but the molecules are still H2O.)
dissolving sugar in water (sugar molecules are dispersed within the water, but the
individual sugar molecules are unchanged.)
dicing potatoes (cutting usually separates molecules without changing them.)
Define chemical property and chemical change.
Chemical Property: a characteristic that describes a substance’s tendency to combine with
other substances and form new ones.
Chemical Change: A change that causes the substance to change its atomic or molecular
makeup and therefore its identity. The change makes or breaks the bonds (connections
holding the atoms or molecules) between the atoms/molecules. It basically changes a
substance into another substance(s). It therefore CANNOT be undone by physical means.
Examples would include:
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iron rusting (iron oxide forms)
gasoline burning (water vapor and carbon dioxide form)
eggs cooking (fluid protein molecules uncoil and crosslink to form a network)
bread rising (yeast converts carbohydrates into carbon dioxide gas)
milk souring (sour-tasting lactic acid is produced)
suntanning (vitamin D and melanin is produced)
6. What is the new theme of our unit?
The Little People Matter!
7. Draw a model of the Carbon atom that shows the three parts (subatomic parts) of an atom. Make sure
these three parts are in the correct place in your model.
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8. In two or three sentences summarize (give the general idea of) what the video, Chemistry: A Volatile
History was about.
This video gives a detailed report of how the field of chemistry was founded and then how
it evolved. It introduces many of the people who have impacted our understanding of
chemistry and provided story-like personal details about the people and even showed some
of the experiments that allowed scientists and society to learn more about atoms,
chemicals, etc.
9. Describe what the scientific method is and list the steps you know or can remember.
Scientific Method:
Steps to scientific method:
1. Observations/Questions
2. Research
3. Hypothesis
4. Designing and planning
a. Materials list
b. Procedure
5. Experimentation
a. Recording data
b. Graphing and analyzing data
6. Concluding which summarizes your entire experiment
7. Reporting your results and/or conclusion to peers and/or the public
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10. Why is the scientific method so important?
2017
The very definition of science is “the attempt to make sense of the world around us using a
set process and system that can be repeated and reproduced by any other scientist, person
or group of people”.
This scientific method answers a question through a designed experiment that is planned,
completed and the results are then recorded in an organized fashion that allows for the
analysis of the data. Once this analysis is completed, the results can then be presented to
peers or the public for further testing, experimentation and verification.
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