Shalkarov Daniyar Baltabaevich
The role of Husam ad-din as-Sygnaqi in
the history of мaturidism in Central Asia
ABSTRACT
of the dissertation for taking Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in specialty
6D 021200 – Turkology
The general description of dissertation. The research considers historical data
about belief, spiritual culture, worldview and main religious directions of the Turkic
society in the medieval Central Asia. Also there is information about spiritual life,
historical and political situation in the medieval Turkic World. The dissertation
considers the manuscript of the great scientist Sygnaqi (ХIV c.) «at-Tasdeed fi sharkh
at-tamheed», its content and value in the Turkic World.
The importance of the research. The spiritual culture and revival of the
historical heritage developed in our country. In order to save the nature of the
spiritual values, at first, it is needed to present the bases of the historical monuments
and traditional religion to the society. Basing on the historical data in the process of
considering this topic, it is effectually to give more details about the main stages of
the development of the spiritual culture and historical heritage in our society. In the
time of the development of the spiritual culture and historical heritage of our society
the works of the great medieval scientists had great value and the meaningful part of
the cultural value of the Turkic society. These values are the indicators, which show
that medieval Turkic society is connected with the main sources of the Islamic
culture. The Head of the country N. A. Nazarbayev talked about the spiritual culture:
«It is good, that the cooperation in the branch of study of the historical heritage
between Kazakhstan and UNESCO. The international organization helped in the
process of the documentation and conservation the ancient city Otyrar. Today the
organization considers China of the Great Silk Way – the part of the Central Asia as
the world cultural heritage and part of the border project» – these words mean, that
cultural heritages are the main value of the Turkic society.
The schools, which study the relationships between the people and religion,
were developed in the process of the development of the Islamic religion among
Turkic. Thank to the systematic and fruitful work of the scientists the Turkic culture
and the Islamic religion was developed. The detailed study of the bases of the
complement principles of the Turkic culture and Islamic religion is the Importance of
the research. Systematic and complex method of the realization of the aim and tasks
give the opportunity to consider the peculiarities of the development of the Islamic
religion in the Turkic society. The opinions of the Islamic scientists of Central Asia
were used in our research. The tradition of each country is the indicator of the
development of the country. This importance of the research is in the system of the
history of the Islamic religion and this is the effort in the development of the spiritual
culture in the Turkic World.
The importance of the dissertation is in the study of the biography of Husam addin and his creation, influence of his creation on the Turkic society and spiritual
culture. The manuscript of Husam ad-din «at-Tasdeed» which is the interpretation of
the work of the medieval religious Abu al-Muin an-Nasafi wasn’t researched before.
This research considers detailed the bases of the Islamic religion aqida (belief) and
other values of the Sharia. The content of the work consists of the comparison of the
works of the medieval scientists Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (945) and Abu al-Muin anNasafi (1115). This method of comparison is very important because it wasn’t
researched before.
The aims and tasks of the research. To consider the work of Husam ad-din asSygnaqi «at-Tasdeed» by the comparative method and define the significance of the
creative heritage in the Turkic World. In order to reach the aim it is needed to do the
next tasks:
- to define the tight connection between the Turkic World and the islamic
culture in the ХІІІ–ХІVcc;
- to define the Role of the great medieval scientists in the spiritual life, describe
the regional political situation in Syganaq and geographical significance of this
region;
- to define the personal qualities and the creation of the scientist, the religious
creative views of the scientist;
- to define the place and the versions of the work «at-Tasdeed» in the world
libraries,
- to define the significance of the work of the great scientist for the Turkic
World and using of the main religious concepts in the Turkic World ;
- to make textual analysis of the work «at-Tasdeed», to define the terms based
on hermeneutical principles;
- to make a chronological analysis of the common schools һanafiyya-maturidiya
in Central Asia, to study religious texts by the comparative method;
- to compare religious concepts of the work «at-Tasdeed» with the basic
concepts of schools һanafiyya-maturidiya, define their relationship with the world
view of the Turkic World
Scientific novelty of the research. Research reaches the next novelty:
- the relationship of the Islamic culture with the Turkic countries is determined,
studied and examined the development of Islamic culture in the era of the great
scientist;
- the political situation and the geographical feature, the significance of the region
Syganaq is researched by the historical method, by the comparative method region is
defined as a cultural center of the Turkic World;
- for the first time analyzed by the comparative-informativ method the life and
works of Husam ad-din, determined the concepts of his religious views and
worldview;
- working version «at-Tasdeed» is determined by comparing the biographical
dictionaries, characterized by their place and role in the world's libraries;
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- for the first time determined the importance of values in the theological writings
of the scientist, the relationship with the world of the scientist of the Turkic culture;
- for the first time determined the version of the manuscript, «at-Tasdeed» in the
world's libraries, made textual analysis of texts;
- identified the chronological importance of school hanafiyya-maturidiya,
religious texts are analyzed by the comparative method;
- defined semantics of the basic concepts of the work «at-Tasdeed», compared the
concepts of school hanafiyya-maturidiya, made a chronological analysis of the
relationship with the Turkic culture.
The extent of investigation of the thesis. Researches of Arab, Persian scholars
historians and geographers of the Middle Ages, which had information about the
Turkic culture and geographical features, have become the main source of our study.
Basic data was in the work of Absattar Kazhy Derbisali «Kazakh dalasynyn
zhuldyzdary» («The stars of the Kazakh steppe»), published in 2012, monography of
doctor of philological sciences, professor Shamshidin Kerim «Syganaq sanlagy»,
works of the doctor of historical sciences, professor Ashirbek Muminov, the works of
some scientists and teachers of the university Nur - Mubarak Muhammad Mahfouz,
al-A'ta Synbati, Kairat Kurmanbaev.
In 1998, the Turkic Republic the historian N.Tosun in the article «Al-Manaqib
as-Sygnaqi» he gives information about the work of al-Sygnaqi in Persian language,
Jasaui and the link with his religious life. Also in 2005, academician and professor A.
Nysanbaev D. Kenzhetay translated this article into Kazakh language, included in the
encyclopedic work «Kazakh halкynyn filosofiyalyk murasy» («The philosophical
heritage of the Kazakh nation»). Arab Scientists Egyptian Muhammad Ahmad
Hammoud al-Yamani, Fahr ad-din Sayyed Muhammad Qanit from Madina Ahmad
Hassan Ahmad Nasr from Mecca familiarized society with theological scholar of the
scientist. There were also other studied works of the scientist, in 2003 in Cairo,
Ahmad Muhammad Hammoud al-Yamani wrote III chapters thesis on the work
«Kitab al-Wafi fi usul al-fiqh» Fahr ad-din Sayyid Muhammad Qanit in Saudi Arabia
in 2001, wrote a research paper V chapters work on «al-Kafi sharh al-Bazdawi», the
scientist's work in the sphere of the morphology «an-Nazhah al-tali tilva al-marah»
was the basis for the master's work Abdullah 'Uthman Abdur-Rahman Sultan and
distributed in the Arab countries.
There is also a work of A. Sarkulov and A. Sopybekov about the scientist
Syganaq and city Syganaq «Hisamiddin Syganaq (Syganaq Ata) - a great
personality». This work was translated into Russian language by the scientist
academician S. Sartaev, who contributed to the publication of the works of the great
scientist. As in the works above hermeneutical and comparative analysis of the works
of Islamic and Turkic values was not used, in order to update the theme called
research methods were used. It is known, that in addition to this work, many other
works have been published and should be investigated and translatede. Therefore it is
a big task in front of our experts and historians of the Arabic language, Turkic and
religious studies.
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The object of the thesis - the theological foundations of the manuscript, «alTasdeed» as-Sygnaqi related to Turkic worldview.
The subject of the thesis - the process of using of information about the work
of as-Sygnaqi «at-Tasdeed», versions in our and foreign archives in the field of
Turcology and Oriental study.
Information basis of the thesis. Work «al-Tasdeed» al-Sygnaqi in handwritten
texts in Arabic, in the works «al-Tabsira adilla» of Abu al-Mu'in an-Nasafi, «Kitab
at-Tawheed» of Abu Mansour al-Maturidi were used. We used historical data of the
German orientalist C. Brockelmann «Geschichte der Arabishen Litteratur». We used
the Turkic works of M.Yazyzhyogly (M.S. Yazıcıoğlu) «Maturidi ve Nesefiye göre
insan hürriyeti kavramı», Nur ad-din as-Sabuni (Nureddin es-Sabuni) «Maturidiyye
Akaidi», Hussein Atay (Huseyin Atay) «Tabsira al-adilla fi usul ad-din», «Ebu
Hanife» of Mohammed Abu Zahra (Muhammed Ebu Zehra).
The scientists wrote about Turkic Zhahiz (868), al-Ya'кubi (897), Ibn al-Faqih
al-Hamadani (913) work «Kitab al-buldan» and Abu Zaid al-Balkhi (934) work
«Kitab al-suvar aqalim as-sab'a» work of Ibn Hawqal (977) «Surat al-ard» and work
«Risala» of Abu al-Dulaf Muhalhil (X c.), Shams ad-din al-Maqdisi (985) work
«Ahsan at-taqasim fi ma'rifat al-aqalim» and work «Kitab al-harazh» Qudaamah ibn
Ja'far al-Katib al-Baghdadi (948), the work of Abu Hamid al-Andalusí «Tuhfat alalbab» and work «al-Masalik wa al-mamalik» of Ibn Hordadbeh, work «Masalik wa
al-mamalik» of Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Istahri (957), work «Dzhami'
at-tawarih» Rashid ad-din's work and «Divan lughat at-turk» of M. Kashghari.
Known in the Islamic World works about the life and work of the Central Asian
Turkic scholar as-Sygnaqi «Durar al-kamina» Ibn al-Hazhar Asqalani (1452) and «alBaghiya al-vu'at» Jalal ad-din as-Suyuti (1505), «Kashf az-zunun» of Kazhy Khalifa
and «al-Binaya sharh al-hidaya» of Badr ad-din al-'Ayni, «al-Manhal as-sophia» of
Ibn al-Tanriberdi and «Hadiya al-'arifin» of Isma'il ibn Muhammad al-Babani were
used as a historical and biographical works. Biographical Dictionary of «Geschichte
der Arabishen Litteratur» of C. Brockelmann was used as a source for the research.
Theoretical, methodological basis of the research. In the research paper there
are historical information and original manuscripts. The study used the principles of
translation and comparative and semantic methods. The relationship of the subject
using a compilation and analysis of the hermeneutic method, contextual, conceptual
methods are taken into account, the principles of scientific systematization was used.
Basic research methods. The study used the historical-comparative method, the
determination of the semantic foundations of the text, presentation and hermeneutical
analysis, comparative and interpretative analysis, classification method and the
method of translation.
The practical significance of the research. The results of the research and
conclusions will complement research in the field of Turkic study. Considered
historical facts and information in the study can be used in the study of the historical
heritage of the Middle Ages. Theoretical and practical research data can be used to
study the religion of the Turkic of Central Asia and historical heritage and the history
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of the international situation, as well as in the classroom, lectures, and in the
preparation of textbooks on Turkic Studies.
Chronological border of the study. The study covers the biography of the
Turkic scholar of the Middle Ages Husam ad-din (XIV c.) And his work, translations
and explanations of his works.
The main points presented to the presentation. Given the role of the great
scientist in the development of the direction maturidiya in Central Asia presented the
following conclusions:
- in the writings of Arab geographers can be found information about the culture
of the ancient city Syganaq and other medieval towns and social situation, and
qarakhanids, samanits, as well as information about the Turkic worldview in the era
of the Mongols;
- in spite of the close relationship in the spiritual and cultural sphere between the
Turkic countries of the Middle Ages and the caliphate Abassits, the formation of the
concepts of the Turkic Council among Turkic is observed;
- «at-Tasdeed» versions shown in the biographical dictionary, defined place in
the world's libraries and manuscripts are collected by the compilation;
- information on the life of Husam ad-din in bibliographic dictionaries do not
provide complete information, the manuscripts of the scientist give more information
about the author;
- the theological works of the scientist showing the relationship of the author
and the world of Turkic culture;
- the importance of the work «at-Tasdeed» is to study in bibliographic
vocabularies and textual, hermeneutic and semantic analysis of the text;
- chronological significance of hanafiyya-maturidiya schools in the Middle Ages
is determined in bibliographic dictionaries and by the comparative analysis of texts;
- the link of the semantic values of the religious concepts in the work, «atTasdeed» with the Turkic culture is reflected in the writings of historians and
geographers of the Middle Ages, and this fact gives us the opportunity to work and
study the original manuscripts.
Approbation and publication of the research. The results and conclusions of
the thesis were published in domestic and foreign scientific edition. One article is in
the Journal of Asian Social Science included in the Scopus database (Scopus), 4
articles were published in journals included in the list approved by the Supervisory
Board in the field of Education and Science of the Ministry of Education and Science.
7 articles were published in the foreign and domestic international conference.
The structure of the thesis. The thesis consists of a definition and
abbreviations, an introduction, three chapters, divided into eight sections, conclusions
and bibliography, thesis consists of 177 pages.
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