A PUBLICATION OF the holden arboretum
Spring
2012
Spring 2012
1
leaves
Jackie klisuric
Spring 2012
Cait Anastis, Editor
[email protected]
Jackie Klisuric, Graphic Design
administration
Clement W. Hamilton,
President and CEO
Interim Director of Research
Jim Ansberry,
Director of Finance
David A. Desimone,
Director of Guest Relations and Communications
Roger Gettig,
Director of Horticulture and Conservation
Brian Parsons,
Director of Planning and Special Projects
Stephen H. Sedam,
Senior Director of Development
Paul C. Spector,
Director of Education and Information Services
Nancy Spelman,
Director of Human Resources and Safety
board of directors
Joseph J. Mahovlic, Chairman
Paul R. Abbey, Vice Chairman
Jonathan E. Dick, Vice Chairman
Robert R. Galloway, Vice Chairman
Sarah L. Gries, Vice Chairman
C. W. Eliot Paine, Vice Chairman
Stephen J. Knerly, Secretary
Barbara Brown
Christopher A. Cullis
Peter S. Hellman
Arlene M. Holden
Michael C. Marino
Cynthia A. Moore-Hardy
contents
features
Holden’s 2012 Summer exhibit
Tony and Cheryl Barabani, VIP Guides
departments
Rhododendron ‘Hino Red’
Leaves
intellectual odyssey that produced the Holden Storybook,
a compilation of 80-plus important stories about trees,
gardens and forests that we promote through our gardens,
education and public outreach. So this winter when
Charles Tubesing, Ethan Johnson, and I were thinking
of ways to refresh our Saturday “Tree Treks,” which we
have enjoyed leading for three years, we turned to the
storybook and the theme of evolution and diversity leaped
from the pages. Having an internationally renowned
collection of woody plants does not ensure that visitors
will glean what trees tell us about our world. So on
May 12 Charles and I will reveal one of biogeography’s
most interesting patterns, the close relationship of
trees native to China to trees native to eastern North
America. Plate tectonics, oh my! And then in the summer
look for Ethan and me to take on conifers and oaks.
In my Southern Californian days, I had the good
fortune to study with the late management sage Peter
Drucker. Among his many pearls, I will never forget
his admonition to take our work, but not ourselves,
seriously. I want you all to share our commitment to
Holden’s very important and serious work, and to know
that we’re having a whale of a time doing it! Enjoy
the springtime, and please join us to learn a few new
things about trees in our built and natural worlds.
After we completed our strategic plan in 2009, Marian
Williams, manager of public programs, led us on an
Clement W. Hamilton, PhD
President and CEO
Henry L. Meyer III
William J. O’Neill Jr.
John Sherwin Jr.
Penelope Theis
Alton W. Whitehouse
honorary directors
Finding a Good Arborist
Volume 10, Number 2
jackie klisuric
On the Cover:
Prunus subhitella ‘Pendula’
at Lantern Court
©The Holden Arboretum
Leaves (ISSN 0518-2662) is a class
and events magazine published
quarterly by The Holden Arboretum
for $10 per year for members
(included in membership fee) and
$50 per year for nonmembers
Periodicals postage paid at Mentor, Ohio
Postmaster:
Please send address changes to
Leaves: The Holden Arboretum,
9500 Sperry Road,
Kirtland, Ohio 44094-5172
Rhododendron
Exploration Garden
(see page 16 for full story)
jackie klisuric
Spring 2012
2
Constance Norweb Abbey
Ralph W. Abelt
Miriam N. Gale
Jeanette Grasselli Brown
Henry R. Hatch
T. Dixon Long
American Coot
Renovations Complete
Our Garden Continues To Grow
Obviously we are very excited about the new garden, the
first major project since the Arlene and Arthur S. Holden
Jr. Butterfly Garden was built between 1994 and 2002.
Much of REG’s strength will lie not just in its beauty, but
in the stories it will tell about rhododendrons in nature
and in our home gardens. Therein lies an insight into how
we think of our gardens, both now and in the future. We
regard a great garden as having three essential attributes:
beauty, interesting woody plants, and compelling stories
being told by the plants and interpretive materials.
Ellen W. Jones Nordell
K.K. Sullivan
Timothy L. Swanson
Michael T. Victor
Ann T. Whitney
Anne M. Clapp
Mary Groves
Alison C. Jones
Thomas W. Seabright
Azalea Members Bloom
Year Round at Holden
Japanese barberry
In our winter issue of Leaves,
you read about our plans
for the new Rhododendron
Exploration Garden, now
known affectionately as REG.
With the onset of spring, I
encourage you to visit the
garden under construction,
especially now that the
infrastructure and rockwork
have been installed and you can
actually visualize the garden
as it will open in the spring of 2013. The view from near
Heath Pond is especially instructive thanks to an illustrated
sign to help guests understand what they are seeing.
directors emeriti
4 Plants and Parenthood 8 Plant Profile
Bird Bio
Vanishing Forests
9
6
Ask Greg
Volunteers
1
5
10
News
and Highlights
11 Holden Partnership 18 Research
Shorts
12 Plant This, Not That
19
14 Woodland Trail
16 New Leaf Project
Can plants improve the growth
of their own offspring?
from the president
3
Plants and Parenthood
Can plants improve the growth of their own offspring?
by David J. Burke, rhizosphere biologist
Take a walk through Bole woods, anytime of the year, and one of the first things you may notice are seeds. In autumn we are
greeted with the fall of thousands of samaras – winged seeds that descend from the branches of maple and tulip poplar – or with
the thump of acorns and the patter of beech nuts landing on the forest floor. In spring, squirrel corn and violets are in bloom,
preparing to produce seeds that will be dispersed through the forest by ants. Plants are seemingly prolific but uninvolved parents,
trusting their offspring to chance. But scientists at The Holden Arboretum are beginning to wonder whether this is always the
case, and whether plants may tend to their offspring even after they have “left the nest.”
The plants’ dilemma
Plants lead a sedentary existence; they do not move and they do
not migrate. They are literally rooted to the spot. Unlike animals,
plants cannot seek a better environment with greater resources, they
cannot run to escape predators, and we don’t see plants caring for
their own offspring. Plants can produce enormous amounts of seed
that they disperse every year by wind, rain or animal vector. A fig
tree for example can produce as many as 5 million seeds each year,
and if conditions are right, one mature fig tree can leave thousands
of offspring.
The soil beneath us
When we think about plants we usually consider the parts we see
above ground, the leaves, stems and flowers we are all familiar with.
But a large portion of any plant can be found below ground, living in
the soil as root, rhizome or bulb. Roots may comprise as much as 20
percent of the biomass (i.e. weight of tissue after drying) of a maple
or oak tree, whereas leaves make up only one percent of the tree’s
biomass, with the remainder being branch and trunk. For herbaceous
plants, the amount of biomass in below ground tissue is even greater.
As much as 80 percent of the total biomass of forest herbs can be
found in the soil as bulb, root or rhizome. And since these are often
the perennial portion of the herbaceous plant, it is where nutrients
and energy reserves like starch are stored. It is also that portion of
the plant that interacts with soil organisms that assist the plant in
capturing nutrients needed for growth.
Leaves
In early spring 2008, I started a greenhouse study to explore
what effects mycorrhizal fungi have on plant seedlings,
and if being connected to this mycorrhizal soil network is
advantageous. I had two main questions. First, I wanted
to know whether being connected to the mycorrhizal
network increases seedling growth and nutrient acquisition.
And second, I wanted to know if being connected to the
mycorrhizal network of an established adult plant of the
same species would benefit seedlings more than if they were
connected to the mycorrhizal network of another species.
Essentially, can seedlings experience a “parental effect”
through the mycorrhizal network?
Mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of Solidago sempervirens (golden
rod). The root has been stained with a blue dye to highlight the
mycorrhizal structures. The round structures are vesicles that store
lipids and the tree like structures are arbuscules where nutrients
and sugar are exchanged between the plant and fungus.
In early 2008, I set up a “split pot” greenhouse experiment,
where adult plants of each species were grown separately
in large pots measuring 30-cm in diameter. Within each
large pot, 4 smaller pots were placed. Two of these pots
had drainage holes covered by a nylon membrane to omit
roots of the adult plant but allow the mycorrhizal hyphae to
colonize seedling roots. One small pot was planted with a
false Solomon’s seal seedling and the other with a Jack-inthe-pulpit seedling. Two other small pots were also placed in
the same large pot, but the drainage holes were covered by a
nylon membrane that kept both plant roots and mycorrhizal
hyphae out. Only water and nutrients could pass through
this membrane. Again, one of these pots was planted with
a false Solomon’s seal seedling and the other with a Jack-inthe-pulpit seedling.
Although the study was started in early 2008, the plants
were allowed to grow for 2 years, and over-wintered in a cold
room (4 degrees Celsius or 39 degrees Fahrenheit) during
the winter months when the plants are normally dormant. In
late spring of 2010, all the seedlings were harvested from
the pots. I determined the weight of leaf, stem and roots,
determined whether the roots were colonized by mycorrhizal
fungi, and also estimated the nitrogen and phosphorous
content of leaf tissue for the seedlings. This was done to
determine if the mycorrhizal fungi increased nutrient uptake
by the seedlings.
And the verdict is in
Mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of Melilotus alba (white sweet clover).
The fuzzy structure in the center is an arbuscule. The thread like
blue structures are fungal hyphae that extend out into soil.
overview photo: brian parsons, inset photos: david J. burke
After two years of growth, Jack-in-the-pulpit seedlings
did not appear to benefit significantly from mycorrhizal
* Also known as Smilacina.
colonization. Although growth was a little better with
mycorrhizal fungi, it was not substantially better than
growth without the mycorrhizal fungi. This was a surprise
since I expected mycorrhizal fungi to benefit all seedlings.
On the other hand, false Solomon’s seal seedlings grew
much better in the presence of mycorrhizal fungi and the
identity of the adult plant mattered to the seedlings.
If the seedlings were not colonized by mycorrhizal fungi,
growth and nutrient content was about the same regardless
of whether they were grown near a Jack-in-the-pulpit or false
Solomon’s seal adult. But if the plants were connected to
the mycorrhizal network of the adult plant, false Solomon’s
seal seedlings grew much better when connected to the
mycorrhizal network of a false Solomon’s seal adult. In
fact, if the false Solomon’s seal seedling was connected to
the mycorrhizal network of the Jack-in-the-pulpit adult, the
seedlings were actually smaller than seedlings that had no
mycorrhizal fungi.
In other words, it was good for the false Solomon’s seal
seedling to be growing next to an adult plant of the same
species, connected to its mycorrhizal network. The seedling
grew more and had more nutrients in the leaves. But, if the
false Solomon’s seal seedling was grown next to a Jack-in-thepulpit adult and was connected to its mycorrhizal network, the
seedlings grew poorly and took up fewer nutrients. In fact, the
false Solomon’s seal seedlings looked like they were actually
harmed by growing next to the adult Jack-in-the-pulpit.
2A
2B
Arisaema triphyllum (2A) and Maianthemum racemosum (2B) are
commonly found in northern temperate forests. Both plants form
relationships with AMF.
Seedlings were either placed in small pots that permitted colonization
from the mycorrhizal network (2C) or prevented colonization.
2C
2D
After two full growing seasons, plants were harvested for
determination of plant biomass and nutrient content (2D).
Membranes covering holes that prevented mycorrhizal
colonization of the seedling are visible in 2D.
Implication for forest ecology
We often think that access to light, water and nutrients
and the extent of environmental stress like heat and cold
determine whether a plant seedling can survive and grow
in a particular location. What my work and the work of
other scientists are beginning to show is that interactions
between plants and fungi may be very important, not only
in affecting the growth of established plants, but also
in affecting the growth of seedlings as well. Who your
neighbor is can really affect your growth and well being.
And perhaps, plants can affect their offspring after all.
Spring 2012
4
The fungi benefit the plant in part because they produce fungal
hyphae, thread-like tissue, which explore a large volume of soil and
extend away from the plant root. In fact, a single fungal individual
can be connected to the roots of many different plants at the same
time, creating a network of fungal nutrient highways that flow
throughout the soil profile. Some individual mycorrhizal fungi can
stretch across several meters of forest soil, interacting with a large
number of plants.
Holden greenhouse studies
I have been working with two forest plant species for a
few years, and decided to use these two species for my
mycorrhizal network study. Arisaema triphyllum or Jackin-the-pulpit as it is commonly called, is an herbaceous
perennial found in many forests and woodlands. Emerging
in spring, Jack-in-the-pulpit persists throughout the year,
forms mycorrhizal relationships, and has grown well under
greenhouse conditions. The other plant is Maianthemum
racemosum* or false Solomon’s seal, an herbaceous
perennial that forms mycorrhizal relationships and grows
throughout the summer. Jack-in-the-pulpit forms a bulb
with an annual root system and false Solomon’s seal forms
rhizomes underground and has a perennial root system
where roots live 5-7 years. The contrasting root systems
could affect how the mycorrhizal network functions and
provided an interesting feature of the study.
But seed mortality can also be quite high. Despite producing an
enormous number of acorns over a lifetime of hundreds of years, as
few as one in one million acorns will survive to become a reproducing
adult. Both the number of offspring produced by plants and the
level of mortality among those offspring are beyond anything in the
experience of an animal. Animals produce relatively few offspring
over their lifetime and expend more energy and effort on the care and
raising of those offspring, certainly in comparison to plants. But, are
plant seeds entirely subject to the vagaries of chance, the direction
of the wind and the flow of rain? Or can plants somehow improve the
growth of their own or closely related offspring?
Plants and many soil fungi are involved in mutually beneficial
relationships, where plants provide sugar to fungi and fungi help
plants acquire limiting nutrients like phosphorous. These soil fungi,
called mycorrhizal fungi, greatly improve plant growth by acquiring
nutrients and exchanging them with the plant for sugars created
through photosynthesis. This is an ancient form of barter, and
benefits both plants and fungi. The mycorrhizal fungi can also help
protect plants from soil pathogens, and improve a plant’s resistance
to drought.
Plant ecologists have been studying whether mycorrhizal
fungi can actually transfer nutrients and sugar between plant
individuals, and how mycorrhizal fungi may benefit plant
seedlings. There is some evidence indicating that mycorrhizal
fungi can transfer sugars from one plant individual to another.
One potential result is that adult plants could transfer sugars
or nutrients to their offspring, thus allowing plants to “care”
for their offspring through the mycorrhizal network.
5
“The exhibit will help visitors realize the value of
trees, and encourage them to take simple, direct
actions that will contribute to healthy, diverse
forests and a better quality of life.”
— Sue Wagner, Vice President of Education and Information, The Morton Arboretum
Visitors will learn more about the impact of diseases such
as butternut canker, chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease,
and invasive insects such as the emerald ash borer. “We don’t want people walking away from this exhibit
thinking that trees are only threatened far from home in
places such as Asia,” Williams said. “The hope is that the
tour will drive home the idea that even though Ohio’s native
forests aren’t endangered as a whole, there are diseases
and pests that either are here now or will be here very
soon, that will change the composition of our forests.”
Luke Williamson, Holden’s education intern, has been
working to create the family activities that will accompany
the exhibit at Holden. The family activities will be located
at different stations along the trail, Williamson said, and
will provide a way for parents to help their children make
sense of the exhibit by playing interactive games.
Vanishing Forests
Exhibit opens Arbor Day weekend
by Cait Anastis, editor
Imagine a world where all the violins have gone silent.
Violin bows are made from the wood from
Caesalpinia echinata, the pau-brasil tree, which is
threatened with extinction.
Or a supermarket without apples. Apples are an integral
part of our diet, but the last remaining wild apple trees
are being cut down to make room for houses.
6
These are just a few of the species of trees threatened
in the wild. With its new special exhibit Vanishing Acts:
Trees Under Threat, The Holden Arboretum hopes to
shine a spotlight on the dangers facing some tree species
and what can be done to help improve their situation.
“This exhibit is a great way to get the public to understand
that there are quite a few threatened trees around the
world,” said Marian Williams, manager of public programs.
“There will be a nice, leisurely self-guided trail for guests
to learn about these trees, as well as the opportunity to
interact with many of the highlighted trees.”
Building on the materials provided by Morton, Holden’s
education staff also is creating a guided tour spotlighting
the threats to some of Northeast Ohio’s native trees,
Williams said.
“All of the apples we know of today originated from the
wild apple, which grow in Kazakhstan and still produce
seed. Apples found in the store are produced from clones
and are not adapting or changing. The wild apple trees
are constantly adapting and changing to deal with disease
or changes in climate,” Williamson said. “The genetic
material is irreplaceable once the wild trees are gone.”
While the subject is serious, it is not meant to highlight
a lost cause. Throughout the exhibit guests can find
out what they can do to help save these threatened tree
species by changing certain lifestyle habits or donating
to organizations such as Sound Wood, an organization
created to focus on saving trees used in making
musical instruments, including the pau brasil tree.
Like the apple tree, the Fraser fir may be thriving in our
communities but is threatened in its native habitat where 90
to 95 percent of the Fraser fir trees in the Appalachians were
killed off by an insect infestation. The loss of those trees
has had an impact on other species that share its ecosystem.
“Fraser fir is one of the main components of the highelevation spruce-fir forests of the southern Appalachians,”
he said. “The decline of the Fraser fir is not just the decline
of a species, but the decline of a habitat for those plants
and animals that call the spruce-fir forests home.”
For more details on the exhibit or special programs connected with Vanishing Acts, visit holdenarb.org.
This traveling exhibit is
made possible by a grant from:
© 2011. The Morton Arboretum
Organized and circulated by The Morton Arboretum, in partnership with the Global Trees Campaign. This traveling exhibit is made possible by a grant from the Institute for Museum and Library Services.
Spring 2012
Leaves
Or Christmas without a tree to decorate. Fraser firs are a
traditional favorite at Christmas time, but invasive insects
have killed up to 95 percent of the wild Fraser fir trees
growing in the Appalachians.
Vanishing Acts will open Arbor Day weekend at Holden
and run through Oct. 28. Created by the Morton
Arboretum in Lisle, Ill., the traveling exhibit spotlights
15 different tree species in danger of vanishing from our
world’s forests.
The hope is that guests will leave with a better
understanding of why it is important to protect and
preserve trees in the wild. In the case of the apple tree,
apple trees are abundant in orchards, but limited in the wild.
7
Rhododendron ‘Hino Red’ (evergreen azalea) plant facts
by Ethan Johnson, plant records curator
Rhododendron ‘Hino-Red’ is named after a city near Tokyo. It is classified in the Kurume
group of evergreen azaleas, which in Northeast Ohio are semi-evergreen. These azaleas
perform best in sun with some afternoon shade. In general, with rhododendrons, the
smaller the leaf, the less shade they should have. The leaves of ‘Hino-Red’ are dark
green, small, narrow and turn coppery-bronze at the onset of winter.
Tony Shammarello, (1903-1982) based in South Euclid, Ohio, bred ‘Hino-Red’ more
than 50 years ago. It is a complex cross that includes ‘Hino-Crimson’, a Royal
Horticultural Society Award of Merit winner which Shammarello bred in 1940 and
Korean azalea (R. yedoense var. poukhanense), interbred with a combination of torch
azalea (R. kaempferi) crossed with ‘James Gable’, an evergreen azalea selected by
Joseph Gable of western Pennsylvania. Shammarello, along with the late Peter Girard
Sr. of Geneva and David G. Leach of Madison are the best known hybridizers of
rhododendrons and azaleas from Northeast Ohio.
The Holden Arboretum has been growing ‘Hino-Red’ since 1964. It has bloomed
profusely about nine years out of 10. In 1984 and 1994 only the branches below the
American Coot (Fulica americana)
by Rebecca Thompson,
Light
Growing Students in Science program coordinator
Full sun to part shade
Frequently found in open marshes, wetlands, ponds and
lakes, American coots are usually seen in flocks close to
shore. In the east, American coots are very rare nesters.
In Ohio they appear mainly in the fall, winter and spring
but can nest locally in some areas. They can be easily
recognized by their dark round body and white beak.
Another identifiable characteristic that can be spotted at a
distance is the coot’s bobbing head. They move their heads
while swimming on the surface of the water or walking
on the ground. They are commonly referred to as “marsh
hen” or “mud hen” because of their chicken-like beak
and the way their head bobs when they walk or swim.
Soil type
Acidic, moist and well-drained
Mature size
7’-10’ tall with a greater width
Best location
USDA Zones 5b-8b
Source
Select garden centers
mike dougherty
bird facts
Description
Body is dark gray to black with a blackish head
and neck, with a white chicken-like bill, red eyes,
greenish-yellow legs, and lobed toes
Size
length 13-16 inches, wingspan 24 inches
Range
Breeds from British Columbia, western Canada, and
New York locally southward including Ohio. Migrates
to the southern United States and southern British
Columbia. Can spend winters in northern part of its
range on unfrozen waters.
Voice
snow line had many flowers as frosts below -20 degrees F. nipped their buds in
January. Plants not fenced have been browsed severely by white-tailed deer. Inside
the Helen S. Layer Rhododendron Garden it may be seen blooming in May just
past Heath Pond near the intersection of the work road and the path that leads
up to Beech Knoll.
Rhododendron ‘Hino Red’ at the
David. G. Leach Research Station
Loud variety of harsh cackles, grunts and croaks.
The most common sound is a loud “kuk, kuk, kuk.”
Best location to view at Holden
Corning Lake
Rhododendron ‘Hino Red’ in the Helen S. Layer
Rhododendron Garden just past Heath Pond.
Photos Jackie klisuric
American coots are territorial during the breeding season.
Both males and females will defend in a small territory
against other incoming birds. Their nests are built by both
sexes. American coots can build up to nine floating platform
nests in well-concealed, tall reeds. Their nests are made of
aquatic plant stems. The female coot usually lays six to 12
pale buff-stone eggs with brown or black spots in one or
two nests. The other nests are used as platforms for young
coots to rest. Both parents will incubate the eggs. The
chicks are able to swim soon after they hatch and will follow
the parents to be fed. The young are fully independent at
two months. Pairs may have one to two broods per year.
Laura Rowan
Spring 2012
Leaves
Our champion specimen of ‘Hino-Red’ in the southeast locust grove at Leach
Research Station is 11’ x 14’. The plant by Leach’s pond measured 6’ x 9’. The mass
planting southwest of Heath Pond has one plant in it that is more than 9’ tall. All
these plants are more than 40 years old. After 10 years they grow to about 2-3’ tall.
8
In addition to finding food on the ground, American
coots can dive up to 20 feet for their food. They are
omnivorous, eating both plant and animals. Their
carnivorous diet includes snails, insects, small fish and
other aquatic animals. Their herbivorous diet includes
algae, seeds and aquatic roots. American coots are also
opportunistic feeders. They will take leftovers from other
species, such as dabbling ducks, or steal plants brought
to the surface by diving ducks, such as canvasbacks.
According to the National Audubon Society, “Global warming
is the greatest threat to birds and other wildlife in human
history. The rate of global warming is already impacting
birds, their prey, and their habitat. Those impacts will
become more severe over the coming decades, leading to
the loss of one-quarter to one-third of all species on earth,
including many bird species.” Global warming has impacted
the American coots. They are common and widespread in
their range. However in Ohio, studies have shown coots
move to their breeding range about half a month earlier
and leave for winter quarters later than they did 100 years
ago. There is also an increased number of coots staying
year-round near their northern limit of their range. The
long-term impact of these changes to the American coot
and other breeding birds with similar patterns is unknown.
To help the American coot and other birds support federal
leadership efforts to curb global climate change and
make choices that will help reduce carbon output.
Even Leach gave ‘Hino-Red’ a prime spot in his landscape in Madison, along with
‘Hino-Pink’ and ‘Hino-White’. It can still be found growing near the pond ringed with
yellow iris (Iris pseudoacorus) at the David G. Leach Research Station. On average
the best time to view the flowers at Holden is mid-May but the plants have started
blooming as early as the end of April (2010) and the last week of May (1983) in the
Layer Rhododendron Garden. Bloom typically lasts two to three weeks.
It is not easy to say what the “best” evergreen azalea for our landscapes is. In the
Layer Rhododendron Garden’s Palay Bed north of Oak Pond ‘Hino-Crimson’ is planted
along with ‘Hino-White’ next to a nice new Korean azalea named ‘Pink Discovery’. As
you proceed around the garden’s loop path you will discover other evergreen azaleas
of various colors which may catch your fancy. Please come out for a stroll in May and
let us know if you have a favorite.
Although American coots swim like ducks, they are not
actually ducks and do not have webbed feet like ducks. They
are part of the rail family, and American coots’ toes are
lobed at each segment. The main purpose of the lobed toes
is to help the coot run across the water. They have to apply
a great deal of effort to become airborne, pedaling across
the water with their lobed feet before lifting off into the sky.
Their feet are also good for walking on top of vegetation
in marshes and on dry land as they’re looking for food.
9
Tony and Cheryl Barabani, VIP Guides
volunteering
by Robin Ott, volunteer coordinator
by Stephen Sedam, senior director of development
degree. It’s that discovery, that knowledge and greater
understanding of nature that makes me want to share with
and support others as they learn and discover more about
the environment.” Visitors to The Holden Arboretum come
from all walks of life, and Cheryl relishes the challenge of
trying to be in the moment with guests, adapting the tour
to meet their needs and interests.
From May 1 to Oct. 31 this past year, more than 3,000
visitors took a Holden Highlights tram or walking tour.
These free or inexpensive tours provide guests of all
abilities with the opportunity to experience an overview
of Holden’s seasonal horticulture highlights and history.
The individuals who lead these tours are called VIP
(Volunteer Interpretive Person) Guides. These volunteers
serve as docents for Holden’s collections and are
passionate about nature and sharing it with others.
Cheryl and Tony Barabani are two of these unique
individuals. The couple’s love of Holden was ignited
in 1997, when they moved to Northeast Ohio from
Massachusetts. They were given a tour and enjoyed it so
much that they decided to move to Kirtland to be close.
They agreed that they wanted to volunteer but, as Tony’s
job demanded long hours and extensive travel, it would
have to wait until he retired. He did so in April 2009 and,
with a little prodding from Cheryl, they attended a new
volunteer orientation that month.
Give the Gift
of Membership
Azalea Members Bloom
Year Round at Holden
Guiding has also been a fulfilling way for them to give
back to the community. Cheryl shared that when she was
young, she “used to think that volunteering meant helping
people that were needy and needy meant that they did
not have food, clothing or shelter.” After volunteering at
Holden, she has a new perspective. “Now I understand
that people are needy for beauty, peace and spiritual
renewal,” she said. “Being in nature fulfills that need. And
nature needs us to care for and respect it. I enjoy [giving
and] sharing that experience.”
The two often volunteer together and, even after 40 years
of marriage, it helps them continue to discover new things
about each other. “The first time I saw Cheryl lead a tram
tour was terrific,” Tony said. “I had never seen her drive a
tram or lead others. It was such fun to see her stretching
herself that way.” Cheryl agreed. “Being able to share the
experience with Tony is a great benefit.”
Both encourage someone who is unsure whether they’d
make a good guide to just jump in and try it, especially if
they can do it with a supportive spouse or friend. “If you
like nature and enjoy sharing some of what you know, you
will do fine. Everyone has his or her own style. Be yourself
and just enjoy the experience.”
They were drawn to guiding because they knew they
wanted to work with people and found the educational
opportunities it offered attractive. Guides attend a series
of class and field training sessions when they begin
guiding and an annual “refresher” course to update
their tours and expand their knowledge. “For years, I
walked the paths at Holden, not really knowing what I
was seeing,” Tony said. “After learning more about trees
and plants, I am able to enjoy the walks to a greater
With spring slowly creeping around the corner, soon we
will be dazzled by the color, fragrance and glory of many
plants beginning to bloom across the landscape at The
Holden Arboretum. Few are as magnificent as the azaleas.
In recognition of their beauty and importance, a special
membership level to The Holden Arboretum is named in
their honor. With an annual gift of $150, you can become
an Azalea-level member of Holden.
Consider the appealing qualities of the
azalea and of the Azalea member.
Azaleas have a tremendous color display ranging from
burnt orange and red to yellow and white. They are very
diverse, with some being deciduous and others evergreen.
Azalea members receive a wonderful, diverse set of
the benefits including four individual guest passes, an
invitation to a special reception, and more.
The azaleas found at Holden bloom from early April
to August. Holden’s research department is developing
new azalea hybrids that will be late blooming and
more fragrant.
Azalea members are given the choice to preorder two
of four possible complimentary plants selected by
Charles Tubesing, Holden’s plant collections curator.
This year, the selections are Abelia mosanensis (fragrant
abelia), Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree), Dianthus
‘Firewitch’ (cheddar pink) and Hydrangea paniculata
‘Phantom’ (panicle hydrangea).
The Holden Arboretum is a gift for all seasons.
Arbor Day, college or high school graduation,
Mother’s Day, Father’s Day, a birthday – all
great occasions for giving a gift membership to
Holden. To help you deliver your gift in style, a
new gift membership packet is now available.
To give the gift of an experience in beauty,
enjoyment and learning, contact 440.602.3848.
At Holden, azaleas are found in the Helen S. Layer
Rhododendron Garden, the David G. Leach Research
Station and at Lantern Court.
Azalea members pick-up their preordered plants at Holden
on Members Day, the Friday of Plant Sale weekend. This year’s
plant sale will take place from Friday, May 18 – Sunday, May 20.
Several varieties of azalea native to Ohio are also found in
the Myrtle S. Holden Wildflower Garden. You will see some
azaleas being pollinated by hummingbirds, others by bees.
Azaleas members are growing in importance among the levels
of Holden membership. At the end of our last fiscal year, Holden had
284 Azalea members, our largest number to date. Are you interested?
Another reason why azaleas are so popular is that you can find an
azalea for most any landscape situation. Some azaleas grow in wet
areas, some are sun-tolerant.
10
Highlights VIP Guide 2012 Training:
Saturdays, April 21 and May 12, 9am-4pm and June 2, 9am-1pm
If you’d like to join or renew your membership
in Holden at the $150 Azalea level, contact
Alicia Soss, associate development officer, at
440.602.3848 or [email protected].
Spring 2012
Leaves
Many people upgrade their membership to the Azalea level because
they deeply value The Holden Arboretum. One of those Azalea
members is John Lillich, a resident of Willoughby, who has been a
member of Holden since 1961. “I’m an Azalea member of Holden
because as long as I am able I’d like to do a little extra for the
organizations I believe in,” he said. “Not many people these days are
doing the kind of work Holden does.”
11
plant this
not that
by Annie Raup, education intern
Hundreds of plants have been introduced to the United States from other parts of the world. Some have come
here accidentally in seed stock, while others were brought here intentionally for horticultural use. A small
number of these introduced plants have gotten a little too comfortable in their new environment. Because they
have no native predators and produce a lot of fruit and seed that are efficiently dispersed, they are invading
natural areas. The aggressiveness of these invasive plants affects natural areas and wildlife by decreasing
biodiversity, competing with native and rare plants and eliminating wildlife habitat and food sources.
Plant This, Not That features a list of native alternatives to a commonly used landscape plant that has become
invasive. The alternatives were chosen because their characteristics – form, flowers, fruit or fall color – are similar
to that of the invasive and fulfill the same landscaping need. On a broader scale, native plants help create a
healthier ecosystem, attract a greater diversity of wildlife and may minimize the need for fertilizers and pesticides.
The Invasive
The Native Alternatives
Acer saccharum (Sugar maple)
Sugar maple is a common tree in the beechmaple forests at The Holden Arboretum. It is
well known for its beautiful fall color and as
the tree used for making maple syrup. Charles
Tubesing, Holden’s plant collections curator,
said that sugar maples are a good alternative
to Norway maples, as they grow perfectly well
in situations where Norway maple is often
selected. Hardy to Zone 3, sugar maple has
an upright to rounded form and can reach
75 feet tall and up to 60 feet wide. Greenish
yellow flowers appear in the spring, which
turn into horseshoe-shaped samaras in late
summer. Dark green leaves unfurl after the
flowers, casting a deep shade in the summer.
Acer platanoides (Norway maple)
Acer platanoides (Norway maple) has long been used as an ornamental shade tree since
botanist John Bartram introduced it from Europe to his garden in Philadelphia in 1756.
When Dutch elm disease devastated the American elms that lined urban streets in the 20th
century, Norway maples were planted as alternatives and became popular for their fast growth
and deep shade, as well as their ability to withstand urban conditions. However, the same
traits that made Norway maples desirable landscape plants have led to their invasiveness in
forests, forest edges and urban and
suburban settings. The tree’s dense
shade prevents native plants from
establishing, and because of its high
shade tolerance, it grows easily in
forests, displacing native plants. It also
produces large amounts of winged
seeds that spread by wind. Norway
maples can easily be distinguished
from other maples by milky sap that is
visible when the leaf petiole is broken
off the stem.
Acer saccharum leaves are smooth around
the edges like the Norway maple, but do not
have sharply pointed lobes. Paul Wray, Iowa State
University, Bugwood.org
Freeman maple is a hybrid of A. rubrum (red maple) and A.
saccharinum (silver maple). Hardy to Zone 4, select cultivars of
Freeman maple combine the best attributes of its parents – excellent
form, brilliant fall color, fast growth and tolerance of unfavorable
conditions. Like the red maple, red flowers appear in the spring before
the leaves. Its leaves have three to five lobes with deep sinuses and
resemble those of the silver maple. Its fall color, a trait inherited
from the red maple, ranges from vibrant red to yellow. Freeman
maple performs best in full
sun, and while it prefers
rich, well-drained soils, it can
adapt to poorly drained or
disturbed sites where sugar
maples struggle, Tubesing
said. Freeman maple can be
used as a shade tree or street
tree and is available only
as vegetatively-propagated
cultivars. A popular cultivar is
Autumn Blaze (‘Jeffersred’), an
upright, fast-growing tree with
brilliant orange-red fall color.
Acer x freemanii Autumn Blaze leaves.
Pat Breen, Oregon State University
Leaves have five sharply pointed lobes. Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org
Acer x freemanii Autumn Blaze in Holden’s
Specimen Tree Collection Charles Tubesing
Spring 2012
Leaves
As fall approaches, the leaves turn bright yellow to orange with
occasional red. Sugar maple performs best in soil of average or
better quality that has been relatively undisturbed. In general,
it does not do well in soil that has been compacted. Use sugar
maple as a shade tree or as a street tree where pollution, road
salt and soil compaction will not be issues. Viki Ferreniea,
Holden’s lead horticulturist who is in charge of the Helen S. Layer
Rhododendron Garden, admits to loving the straight species, but
recommends a cultivar that is resistant to scorch, such as ‘Wright
Brothers’. Toby Davidson, the horticulturist in charge of Holden’s
Display Garden, recommends ‘Green Mountain’, a cultivar with
an oval form and beautiful dark green leaves. ‘Green Mountain’
is located next to the Lily Pond in the Display Garden. “This tree
provides a favorite spot for visitors to sit in the shade and gaze
across the water,” Davidson said. “The vibrant orange color is
stunning in the autumn garden.”
Acer x freemanii (Freeman maple)
Norway maple fruit has a broad v-shape. Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org
12
Acer saccharum ‘Green Mountain’ in Holden’s Display Garden. Toby Davidson
13
Woodland Trail Renovations Completed
ask
Greg
by Cait Anastis, editor
Holden crews installed 800 tons of stone on the 1.5 miles of
trail, said Al Picciano, Holden’s facilities manager. Workers
also cleaned and re-stained all the benches along the trail,
improving the look of seating areas.
“Basically we wanted to make it more user friendly,” he said.
“Now you can actually push a baby buggy through there.”
The largest changes were things hikers may never see as
they walk the trail. Six concrete catch basins and about
1,000 feet of drainage pipes were installed along the trail to
improve drainage and curb erosion.
Refurbishing the trail is part of Holden’s ongoing
maintenance of its more than 20 mile trail system.
“Since that’s our closest loop trail, we wanted to make it
more accessible; areas were getting washed out and didn’t
meet OSHA standards,” Picciano said. “We had drop offs
with split rail fences that were falling down, which was very
rustic, but not particularly safe.”
The project shows the power and commitment of Holden’s
friends and donors, whose gifts were pooled to help make
the renovation project possible, said Stephen Sedam, senior
director of development.
The Woodland Trail allows visitors to sample the great
beauty of The Holden Arboretum’s natural areas without
venturing too far from the gardens at its core. Guests
will now find that path a little smoother thanks to the
support of Holden donors.
Twenty-seven donors attending the 2010 Woodland
Twilight annual benefit contributed a total of $12,950
toward the $40,000 cost of improving the 1.5 mile
Woodland Trail, which starts near the Warren H. Corning
Visitor Center. Years of erosion and wear had led to
rugged walking conditions and steep drop-offs along
the trails edge.
Q:
A:
This is a common request and though we would like to be able
by Greg Wright,
nursery supervisor
I had someone look at my tree and said that it needed
to be removed. I don’t want to lose it. Can someone
from your staff look at it and give me their opinion?
to accommodate, our staff is busy maintaining the many trees
and plants that we have at The Holden Arboretum. We also get
similar questions about finding a good arborist, or sometimes
even legal issues related to the value of a damaged or destroyed
tree. So the question becomes how to find a reliable expert.
Tips for Selecting an Arborist –
OSU Extension Fact Sheet: How to Hire an Arborist
Check in the phone directory under “Tree Service.”
Beware of door-knockers, who are especially common after storms,
when nonprofessionals see a chance to earn some quick money.
Often, storm damage creates high risk situations for both workers
and homeowners, and the opportunity for more damage to trees
and shrubs if work is not done correctly.
Never be rushed by bargains. Never pay in advance.
Ask for certificates of insurance, including proof of liability for
personal and property damage. Phone the insurance company
to verify current policy information.
“Due to the generosity and commitment of many of our
friends, one of the cherished resources of Holden, the
Woodland Trail, will continue to be enjoyed by thousands of
people every year,” Sedam said.
Ask for local references of jobs the company or
individual has done.
While the project improves the visitor experience for guests
and school groups hiking the trail, the work will also aid in
ongoing maintenance to Holden’s extended trail system. The
improved Woodland Trial is now wide enough to allow the
small vehicles used at Holden, providing easier access for
work crews moving equipment in and out of the natural areas.
If inquiring about a company, ask if they employ arborists certified by the
International Society of Arboriculture (ISA), which consists of individuals
who have demonstrated their skills and have been recognized nationally.
“Last year we had a tree fall out on the Pierson Creek Loop
trail,” Picciano said. “It took about two weeks to repair
because we had to carry equipment out on our shoulders.”
The wider trails also will allow for safety forces to bring in
equipment to help a hiker should an injury prevent them
from walking back to the trailhead on their own.
Determine if the arborist is a member of any professional association(s).
Have more than one certified arborist look at the job and give
estimates and be willing to pay for the estimate if necessary.
A good arborist will offer a wide range of services such as pruning,
fertilizing, and pest/disease control.
A good arborist also will recommend topping a tree only under rare circumstances.
Beware of an arborist who is eager to remove a living tree.
Another option is to hire a consulting arborist, who provides advice based on
expert knowledge and experience in the science and practice of arboriculture.
As consultants, they are considered to be ethical and objective. Because they
don’t actually do tree or maintenance work, landowners might find them useful
in a variety of situations including the following as taken from the American
Society of Consulting Arborists web site:
•
Knowledge of tree care, preservation and maintenance
•
Expertise about tree and plant selection and planting
•
Assessment and identification of tree risks and hazards
•
Advice on tree preservation
•
Appraisals of the value of trees that have been damaged
or destroyed
•
Investigation into tree disputes and negligence
•
Inspection of plant material and tree issues
Resources:
14
To locate a certified arborist near you, visit the ISA website and do a zip code search.
http://www.treesaregood.org
Work on the trails also included improvements near the Holden Wildflower Garden.
photos jackie klisuric
To locate a consulting arborist visit the American Society of Consulting Arborists web site.
http://www.asca-consultants.org/directory/index.cfm
Photo by brian parsons
Spring 2012
Leaves
Ohio State University Extension has a fact sheet How to Hire an Arborist.
It can be seen online at: http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1032.html
15
Our Garden Continues To Grow
Work will continue this spring on The Holden Arboretum’s
Construction of bioretention
area 2 in the “June Room.”
Construction of seat wall at overlook.
Construction of main path that
will lead visitors through the
Rhododendron Exploration Garden.
Construction of main path that connects
the Rhododendron Exploration Garden
and the existing garden.
Secondary pathway construction that
will connect the Rhododendron Exploration
Garden and the existing garden.
Sandstone boulders being
placed in rock garden.
new Rhododendron Exploration Garden. Construction
crews started work on the garden in the fall, adding new
infrastructure, walkways and garden beds to the new garden,
which is adjacent to the existing Helen S. Layer Rhododendron
Garden. Come out and watch the progress on the garden this
Leaves
16
to open in 2013. For more details, visit holdenarb.org.
jackie klisuric
inset photos by brian parsons
Spring 2012
spring. The Rhododendron Exploration Garden is slated
17
Research News and Highlights
News
Holden Scientists Offer Instruction at Case Western Reserve University.
Holden scientists David Burke and Kurt Smemo were
invited to present lectures to biology undergraduate
students at Case Western Reserve University in
November. Burke and Smemo presented lectures on
mutualistic interactions and soil biogeochemistry to
students in the Principals of Ecology class. In addition,
Holden postdoctoral scholar Sarah Kyker led a two-part
lab section for the same class on the use and application
of molecular techniques to determine environmental
effects on microbial community diversity.
Holden Scientists Present Research at International Meeting
Holden scientists contributed to a presentation at
the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical
Union (AGU) in San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 5-9, 2011.
The fall AGU meeting is the premier international
meeting in the field of biogeosciences, with more than
19,000 scientists attending and presenting, including
6,000 international attendees. The presentation by
Ohio University assistant professor Jared DeForest
included Holden scientists Laurel Kluber, Sarah Kyker,
Kurt Smemo and David Burke. The presentation
covered recent results of a study on the effects of soil
phosphorus on nitrogen cycling in limed acidic forests.
Soil microbes respond to phosphorous addition but not soil pH in hardwood forests.
Biogeochemistry, soil microbes did not respond strongly
to changes in soil pH of approximately 1.5 pH units
9 months after treatment began; however, microbes
appeared to respond more strongly to soil phosphorous.
Soil microbial communities in both northern and
southern plots were correlated with amounts of
available soil phosphorus, and in the southern sites
where phosphorous is less available, microbes reduced
enzyme activity in plots where phosphorus was added,
indicating that the microbial communities in southern
Ohio may be phosphorous limited. Future work being
carried out by Holden scientists will include analysis of
specific microbial groups, how they respond to changes
in soil chemistry over the growing season, and how
plants are affected by soil chemistry.
18
Teachers love to learn. But even with a love of learning,
there is not always time to find new activities, research the
answer to student questions or find a great video clip on
photosynthesis. We are all overwhelmed with the resources
and information that is available.
In order to assist teachers in their quest for clear, accurate
and interesting information and resources, The Holden
Arboretum’s Education Department has developed a new
online tool for teachers called Teacher TreeSources. There
are currently four issues on the Holden web site. They
address plant topics that teachers can use to teach many of
the atmosphere in the chamber and stores it for later
analysis. They then measured the total amount of
greenhouse gases emitted over that time period and
used stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
in each of the gases to determine which soil microbes
produced the gas. Such an instrument can provide
valuable scientific data related to soil ecology and how
soils respond to disturbance and management. Because
most climate change mitigation legislation efforts focus
on soil management as a way to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, this technique also represents an efficient
and inexpensive means to monitor the effectiveness of
land management practices.
the state standards
in their classrooms.
Approximately four new
issues will be added each year. The
information is great for the lay person as
well. The latest issue has a great song by the
group They Might be Giants called “C is for Conifers.”
Visit holdenarb.org/resources/TeacherTreesources.asp
and see for yourself. You might just learn something too!
Plant Sale Items
Native Ohio wildflowers, cultivated by The Holden
Arboretum’s staff and volunteers, will be available again
at the 2012 Plant Sale. This year’s sale includes some hardto-buy spring wildflowers including Trillium grandiflorum
(great white trillium) and Dodecatheon meadia (shooting
star). These plants are in limited supply and will be
available on a first-come, first-serve basis on Friday only.
blueberry). Other Ohio native’s and cultivars that
you surely will not find at most retail garden centers
include Passiflora incarnata (purple passionflower), Iris
cristata ‘Eco Orchid Giant’ (dwarf crested iris), Arisaema
dracontium (green dragon), and Maianthemum racemosum
(starry false Solomon’s seal).
A complete list of Holden ferns, shrubs, sedges, and
wildflowers to be offered at the 2012 plant sale will be
available at holdenarb.org this spring, so stay-tuned!
Obituaries
The Holden Arboretum
lost one of its board
members and
passionate advocates
in 2011. Simin Gharib
Naraghipour, 64, died
Dec. 29, 2011 after a
battle with cancer.
event, A Summer Soirée, drew its theme from her love
of French culture and was one of the most successful
fundraising events hosted at Holden. Funds raised at the
benefit that year went to support efforts to conserve
native forests.
Her death is a great loss to Holden and to the Northeast
Ohio community, said Clem Hamilton, Holden’s president
and CEO.
A professor of French
literature, languages
and film at Lakeland
Community College,
she was an enthusiastic
supporter of Holden.
Gharib Naraghipour
joined Holden’s
governing board in
2005. She was also a member of the Holden Development
committee, helping to raise funds to support the
arboretum. In 2009, she served as chair of the planning
committee for Holden’s annual benefit. The resulting
“Holden lost one of its most vibrant and engaged board
members,” he said. “We are thankful for the many ways she
made Holden a better and more embracing arboretum.”
Wanda L. Grossman, 80, of Mount Perry, died Monday, Dec.
12, 2011, at Fairfield Medical Center. Born March 30, 1931,
near Somerset, she was a state certified master gardener,
and a longtime award-winning guide for The Holden
Arboretum, where she also served on the corporate board.
“She was a wonderful volunteer at Holden for many years,
wearing many different hats from volunteer guides to the
birdseed sale to finally one of my Dirt Devils,” Gerlica said.
“Actually she’s the one who gave them that name.”
Dawn Gerlica, Holden’s conservation biologist, remembers
Grossman as a cheerful volunteer and an enthusiastic
leader who will be missed. Gerlica worked with Grossman
when she volunteered in the garden as a “Dirt Devil” and
helping with the weeding.
In addition to her involvement with The Holden Arboretum,
Gharib Naraghipour was also an active member and
supporter of a number of organizations in the Cleveland
area, including the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland
Orchestra, the Cleveland Institute of Art and Le Cercle des
Conferences Francaises de Cleveland.
Survivors include her husband Dr. Hossein Naraghipour;
daughter, Pari Naraghipour; mother, Homa
Razzaghmanesh Gharib; and three sisters.
She is survived by her husband of 60 years, Charles H.
Grossman; one daughter, Cheryl A. Bloor of Willoughby;
one son, Ed Grossman of Mt. Perry; two grandsons,
Jonathon and Anthony; granddaughter, Lesa; brother,
Rolland E. Beard of Somerset; sister, Dorothy Turner of
Somerset; and many nieces and nephews.
Spring 2012
Leaves
Improving techniques for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from soil.
Many greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide
and nitrous oxide) are rapidly increasing in the
atmosphere. Although it is well known that soils,
and the microorganisms that live in soils, can be a
major source of these gases, obtaining precise and
informative measurements of greenhouse gas emission
from soil has proven challenging. Holden Scientist Kurt
Smemo, along with collaborators at the W.K. Kellogg
Biological Station at Michigan State University, recently
published a paper in the international journal Nutrient
Cycling in Agroecosystems (v. 91, pp. 145–154, DOI
10.1007/s10705-011-9452-2) where they discussed the
development of a new technique and instrument to
address these challenges. Smemo and his colleagues
built an automated chamber that sits over the soil for
extended periods of time and periodically samples
Teacher TreeSources
In addition, Holden will be offering Lindera benzoin
(spicebush) and Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush
Highlights
Hardwood forests of the northeastern United States are
often subject to high levels of acid deposition, which
can appreciably lower soil pH, make soil phosphorous
less available, and potentially affect soil microbes
and forest trees. Holden scientists and collaborators
at Ohio University recently published a paper in the
journal Biogeochemistry (early online publication,
DOI 10.1007/s10533-011-9619-6) that explores how
microbes respond to changes in soil chemistry. In 2009,
Holden scientists and collaborators at Ohio University
established 72 permanent plots in the state of Ohio, 36
in northern Ohio and 36 in southern Ohio and applied
agricultural limestone and triple super phosphate to
half of the plots to assess microbial and plant responses
to changed pH and soil phosphorous. As reported in
shorts
19
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Pancake Breakfast
March 16 - 18, 2012
Gluten-free pancakes available
Nothing is better than hot pancakes dripping with sweet maple syrup. And we offer guided hikes allowing you to
explore the grounds before or after your breakfast reservation. It’s a perfect way to work up an appetite before, or
burn off a few calories after breakfast.
For details on this year’s Spring Hikes and Pancake Breakfast event, see page S11 or visit us online at holdenarb.org.