Day 1: Classification of Matter
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lÿHÿiÿ9;rieous;| Homoÿenÿouÿ I
Matter:
Mixtures:ÿWÿJ iÿÿf FY},ÿ'iÿiÿ -ÿ¢ÿ ,.ÿ]JlOÿflV)ÿ-ÿ
Pure Substances:
Elements
Compounds
Heterogeneous Mix.
Homogeneous Mix.
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Summary Defn.
Examples
Separation
Special Terms/
Examples
Types of Mixtures
Stay mixed as long as...
Looks like..,
Examples.,,
Light will...
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Separating Mixtures
Method
How does it work? What is it used to separate?
Examples
Evaporation
Filtration
Distillation
Chromatography
Final Thoughts:
Draw a diagram of the distillation setup on demonstration table. Label where evaporation and
condensation is occurring. How did we separate the sand from the salt water?
Draw your results from your pen in the chromatography demonstration.
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Day 1 Homework: Classifying Matter
Directions: Label the following as an element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture.
2. Salad dressing
3. Sugar
4, Soil
5. Aluminum foil
6, Black coffee
7. Sugar water
8. Pure water
9, Paint
10, Beer
11. Iron
12. Pure Air
13. Spaghetti Sauce
Write the following vocabulary words in the appropriate line with the correct definition.
Brownian motion
Emulsion
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Tyndall effect
Colloid
Term
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Definition
physical blend of two or more substances whose compositions varies
mixture that is not uniform in composition; It can separate or settle upon
standing because of its large particle size (Ex. oil & water).
heterogeneous mixture w/particle size of 100nm or larger (Ex" sand, clay in
water, tomato juice).
mixture that has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout;
may exist as gas, liquid or solid, depending on state of solvent. It does not
separate upon standing because of its small particle size (Ex. salt & water).
heterogeneous mixture w/particle size of 1-100nm that looks like a
homogeneous mixture (Ex: Milk, fog, jello).
colloidal dispersions made of two liquids (Ex; soap & water, detergent & water)
2°) "T\lvÿ4:4 ii ÿ{Tgx:4
scattering of light caused by colloid particles seen in a beam of light such as dust
in air in a "shaft" of sunlight
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chaotic movement caused by collisions of dispersed colloidal particles with water
molecules, preventing the colloid from settling
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Day 2: Properties of Matter
Property
1
How is it measured?
What is It?
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Earth vs. Moon: Compare mass and weight - Write a single sentence explaining the difference between the two
Chemical Property
What is it?
Examples
vÿv.'iliJCt7 .ÿJ tJ,ÿ
Pÿ4 ÿk4vÿW
Changes
C
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Exothermlÿ _,
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Endothermic
Rock Cycle
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Digestion
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Physical Changes in Digestion
Chemical Changes in Digestion
Day 2 Homework: Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Directions: Label the [ollowing as Physical Changes or
Chemical Changes.
0. Sodium Hydroxide dissolves in water Pitÿ}<ÿi Cÿ t
17, Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to
produce a salt, water, and heat. ÿp__ÿ/vÿ { CPÿ 1
18. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two tpÿVÿi ÿ [
19. Water is heated and change to steam ÿh ÿ].ÿ [ÿ, I
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20. Potassium chlorate decomposes to potassium
chloride and oxygen gas ÿqÿ.4ÿqiCÿ i
21. Iron rusts ..... ÿlqÿ/VVÿ i(ÿ.ÿ I
22. Ice melts ÿVÿiÿt/ÿ t
23, Acid on limestone produces carbon dioxide gas __
13. Can neutralize a base
24. Milk Sours ÿ,-ÿqt [/ÿ
14. Luster
25. Wood Rots
lS. Odor
C/IVÿ ÿvÿl/ÿ.fÿ. [
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Day 3: Intensive vs. Extensive Properties and Densitv Notes
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Intensive
,
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density, freezing point, color,
melting point, reactivity,
luster, malleability, and
conductivity.
Density (An Intensive Property)
Density depends on:
If the black dots are atoms, which box represents the substance with the treatest density?
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Useful Density Information
• Density of water = i,O ÿiilÿL
• Obÿeÿswithade=sity OÿtfSr
thanlllmL cÿ'llÿ- inwater
• Obieÿtswitha do=sity t2-Sÿ
than1 g/mL "ÿlO{ÿ'k in water
TEACHER DEMO ANALYSIS QUESTIONS:
1. When your teacher cut the piece of paper in half, what happened to the mass of the paper?
otivtdÿ-ÿt tP7 ÿ ÿ 0% in !ÿa,lÿ
2, When your teacher cut the piece of paper in half, what hapÿpened to the volume of the paper7
3, If the original mass of the pÿper was 8.0_. ÿ and the original olume was 2,5 cm3, what was the original density of
the paper? (Show your work)
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Assuming the information given above is correct, what would the NEW density
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Density is calculated with the formula:
Density . dÿ) lÿ/iqÿj
Guess Method
or
D=
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Let's PracticeI
1. What is the density of a piece of wood that has a mass of 35.99 g and a volume of 45.68 cm3?
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2.
A metal cylinder is placed into a graduated cylinder with 24.0 mL of water. After the cylinder is added, the volume of water
rises to 30.4 mL. The density of the cylinder is known to be 8.9 g/mL What is the mass of the cylinder?
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Day 3 Homework: Density and Intensive/Extensive Properties
% of sugar in a COKE
INTENSIVE
C EXTENS,VE
The number of calories of energy you derive from eating a banana
INTENSIVE
EXTENSIVE
The number of calories of energy made available to your body
INTENSIVE
EXTENSIVE
The'ma'ss of iron present in your blood
INTENSIVE
EXTENSIVE
The mass of iron present in 5 mL of your blood
INTENSIVE
when you consume 10.0 g of sugar
EXTENSIVE
The electrical resistance of a Piece of 22-gauge copper wire
The electrical resistance of a 1-1<m length of 22-gauge copper wire
INTENSIVE
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Day 4 Phases of Matter
Kinetic Molecular Theory
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Atoms and molecules are constantly iqq Oÿ/lÿ ÿ
and we measure the energy of these movements as
of the substance.
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m
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the ÿ/q i ÿhÿÿ'
a substance has, the more molecular i(V'} O
there will be, and
the perceived temperature will be.
States of Matter
- There are three states (also called phases) of matter.
Phase
Definite
shape?
So#d
Liquid
Definite
volume?
/
Particle spacing
Particle movement
Draw how particles would
appear
--vÿf 4 0 ¢
/
0o- o__
--.
Gas
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Density Comparison
If you consider the solid, liquid, and gas state of one particular substance, this rule holds true in most cases:
Most dense
Iÿ Least dense
Water
Most dense
Least dense
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Transitions between the 3 states of matter:
• .@ GAS ®..
(exo,ÿrmie)
@ ,."'@ ®. @
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..:..-.. @."
.- @.@,
(ÿndoÿennic)
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Day 4 Matter Homework
1. Which phase(s) of matter has (have) definite volume? $O/}ÿ;lt ftÿIL) tCJÿ
2. Which phase(s) of matter has (have) definite shape?
3. Which phase of matter is the most compressible?
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4. Which phase of matter has the particles whichmove the least_
5,
- c:t|i.J
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Rank the phases of matter in order of increasing attractive forces between their particles. Hint: If
you have strong attractive forces, this means that the particles are very attracted to each other. If
you are attracted to something or some-one, do you want to bÿfar apart from
them?
Using the class Notes, complete the following table:
Initial Final
Name of Phase Change
Endothermic or Exothermic?
Phase Phase
¢
¢
solid
gas
gas
solid
liquid
gas
/ liquid
gas
l
gas
liquid
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Matter and Change STUDY GUIDE
Due Thursday, Sept 10m, for 5 pts on your test!
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2. Which phaseof matter hasiÿhe ,east attrÿictiveforc:es? ÿ ..... ÿ} ÿ
W ,ÿ.ÿ
3. Which phase of matter has the fastest moving particles?
4. Rank the thre(# phases in order of increasing distance between ÿheir particles..
--. 11
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Which phase changes are endothermic?
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Whj.ch phase changes are exothermic?
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Complete the chart below about the six possible phase changes.
Initial
Final
Phase
Phase
4"
Solid
Liquid
¢
Gas
Liquid
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Gas
t
+
4"
Name of Phase Change
Endothermic or Exothermic?
Equation for Water
Ex: melting
Endothermic
H20 (s) -) H20 (I)
PZi.ÿlhqÿq t t
Ba?o,'::,iflÿ,w
WXÿhÿqt c
0
4ÿ4umto
PÿnrJ oÿlo
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8. Classify each of the following as either physical or chemical properties by checking the appropriate box,
Chemical
Property
Bluecolor
Density
Flammability ,
d
Solubility ÿL- d tÿ) i ÿ/ÿ"
Reacts with acid to form H2
Combustion
v',
v'
Melting point
Reacts with water to form a gas
Reacts with a base to form water
Hardness
v'
Boiling point
vÿ
can neutralize an acid
Luster
V/i
J
vi
v"
Odor
9. Classify each of the following as either a physical (P) or chemical (C) change.
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a, Sodium hydroxide dissolves in water
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b. Chlorine and hydrogen react to produce hydrochloric acid.
c. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two.
d. Watervaporizes into steam.
e. Iron rusts,
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f, Evaporation.
g. Mill< sours.
h. Ice melting.
i. Sugar dissolves in water,
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j. Wood rotting.
I. Water is absorbed by a paper towel.
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m. Pancakes cooking on a griddle.
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k. Food digesting in the stomach,
n, Sugar is ground into a powder,
o. A mirror cracks,
p, Phase changes are ALWAYS PIÿ\!ÿtÿ t
changes!
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b-,
=.
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12, Classify each of the following as pÿ4re substances or mixtures.
a, Silver ÿ(J ÿ5ÿ (/)cJ/-F
b, Pine tree
ÿq t ÿ('ÿ K"6
c, Orange juice lrvlrx:WiC
d, Oxygen ÿ U ÿ ÿ/ÿ1 i/]Cÿ
e. lciÿd tea ÿfÿiÿ=ÿ(J/ÿ'
f, Air
bq tY ÿ/¢ÿ
g. Soda
[Mi) i 'X"ÿ}ÿ'ÿ-J
h. Candle wax
,.ÿ' U ÿfLÿ ÿ ÿ-ÿ
i. Fog
bqiÿlJ [ÿ
j. ,°,
M!Xfu
k. Egg
1(ÿ i X'°'ÿJv"Jÿ
I, Ice
kÿJ [/J,lÿ V]Cÿ'
m, Gasoline
n. Blood
,ÿ)ÿ,fvÿinC'ÿi
p,q)'y(3ÿbJ ÿ'ÿ
13. Circle thÿproperties. Highlight the intensive properties.
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f. hardness
a, ÿint
I
b, Hardness
C.ÿ
dÿ
i. density
e. freezing point
14. Calculate the density of an object with a mass of 45.0g and a volume of 25.0mL
Z?, 0 mL
15. Calculate the volume of an object with a mass of 45.0g and a density of 1.5g/mL
iÿ-ÿ
tmL
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16. Calculate the mass of an object with a density of 2.0g/mL and a volume of 15.0mL.
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ldmL
17. In the lab, you gather the following data:
Mass
Volume #1
11,8g
50,OmL
Calculate the density of this object.
Volume #2
70.OmL