EUROPE EMERGES FROM THE DARK AND MIDDLES AGES
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 1400’S-
REASONS EUROPE DIDN’T EXPLORE PRE1400’S:

FALL OF ROME DISRUPTED ALL ASPECTS OF LIFE.
LACK OF:

STRONG GOVERNMENT; LAWS & LEGAL SYSTEM;
LITTLE SAFETY; POOR SANITATION; UNSTEADY FOOD
SUPPLY; EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY, ART, &
ARCHITECTURE SEVERELY IMPACTED
INVASIONS BY VIKINGS, MAGYARS, & MOORS
 BUBONIC PLAGUE DEVASTATES EUROPE
 ISOLATION FROM OUTSIDE IDEAS
 MONEY & FUNDING AN ISSUE

1100’S-1200’S BRING ON CHANGES
RISE OF STRONG MONARCHS & STATES—
CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT & JUSTICE
SYSTEM EMERGE AGAIN
 RISE OF TOWNS—SOCIETY RECOVERING
 RISE OF UNIVERSITIES-LEARNING RETURNS
 CRUSADES—CONTACT W/ OUTSIDE WORLD
BRINGS ON RE-INVOLVEMENT W/ TRADE,
FOREIGN INFLUENCE & INVOLVEMENT

CRUSADES

TASTE OF “CRUSADE SPICES” LEFT EUROPE
WANTING MORE OF THEM (& WANTING TO
ELIMINATE MUSLIM/ITALIAN MIDDLEMEN)
 HAD
TO FIND NEW ROUTES & SOURCES TO ASIA IN
ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH THIS

RELIGIOUS CONFLICT LED TO:
 CONVERTING
NON-CHRISTIANS
 MEETING MUSLIMS WHEREVER THEY WERE
PORTUGAL: 1ST OUT OF EUROPE
TOOK ADVANTAGE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY:
 CARAVEL & TRIANGULAR SAILS
 ASTROLABE & MAGNETIC COMPASS

PORTUGAL

PRINCE HENRY STARTED NAVIGATION SCHOOL:


SEA CAPTAINS, MAP & INSTRUMENT MAKERS,
SHIPBUILDERS, SCIENTISTS WENT THERE
PORTUGAL TOOK OVER SPICE TRADE:
STARTED “TOE HOLD” TRADING POSTS ALONG AFRICA
 VASCO DA GAMA 1ST TO REACH INDIA (1497)
 PUT CANNONS ON SHIPS TO DEFEAT MUSLIM NAVIES
 DEFEATED KEY MUSLIM CITIES


SPICES NOW 1/5 OF PREVIOUS COSTS
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS 1494
EXPLORATION CAUSED CONFLICT B/WN SPAIN &
PORTUGAL
 THE POPE DID NOT WANT STRONG /LOYAL
SUPPORTERS SPILLING CATHOLIC BLOOD, SO HE
DIVIDED THE WORLD AT 60 DEGREE W.
LONGITUDE:

SPAIN GOT LAND W. OF 60, PORTUGAL LAND E.
 CHURCH DID NOT CARE ABOUT INDIGENIOUS PEOPLES
ON THAT LAND


MAGELLAN’S FLEET CIRCLES GLOBE 1521
NETHERLANDS (DUTCH REPUBLIC)
AFTER DECLARING INDEPENDENCE FROM
SPAIN, D.R. EXPANDED RAPIDLY
 20,000 VESSELS = #1 FLEET IN WORLD
 STARTS DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY (#1 IN
WORLD)
 USES RUTHLESS/HORRIFIC STRATEGIES TO
PUSH PORTUGAL OUT OF INDONESIAN AND
TAKE OVER NATIVE TRADE & LANDS

ENGLAND AND FRANCE
BEGIN EXPLORATION AFTER SPAIN/PORTUGAL
 FRENCH MAINLY GO TO NEW WORLD
 ENGLISH GO TO NEW WORLD AND INDIA
 NEW WORLD CONFLICT ARISES B/TWN
FRANCE & ENGLAND
 THIS CONFLICT WILL AFFECT EUROPEAN AND
AMERICAN HISTORY AS WE WILL SEE 2ND
SEMESTER.
