World War I & Total War
Be familiar with
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Be able to recognize, define, describe, memorize, recall
Assessed through matching, ordering or placing events in sequence or on a timeline, fill‐in‐
the‐blank, multiple choice
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Recall defining features of jus ad bellum and Hague Convention
Recall major belligerents in both WWI alliances (Central Powers and Entente Powers)
Recall major facts that shaped July Crisis
Recognize how long‐term factors may have contributed to the July Crisis
Recall the contributions of the following in origins of WWI: Gavrilo Princip; Franz Ferdinand; Emperor Franz Joseph; Conrad von Hötzendorf; Leopold Bercthold; Kaiser Wilhelm II; Bethmann Hollweg; General von Moltke; Tsar Nicholas II; General Sukhomlinov
Define Schlieffen Plan, “blank check”, and Russian mobilization contribution to July Crisis of 1914
Describe defining features of Total War
Recall year of Battle of Verdun and Somme
Recall major turning points in the warfare making it total: Zeppelin attack, use of poison gas, US entry, Russian exit; Kaiser’s abdication (i.e. see timeline)
Recall when Paris Peace Conference met and treaties reached
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Need to Know •
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Be able to explain, paraphrase, compare, distinguish, interpret, summarize
Assessed through writing, multiple choice, and in some cases, ordering events
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Evaluate jus ad bellum in origins of WWI; interpret how the Hague Convention of 1907 should have prevented war and arrive at conclusions on why it did not
Interpret events of the July Crisis to determine responsibility for WWI
Explain why WWI is seen as a turning point in Western Civilization
Explain why the Battles of Verdun and Somme marked a turning point in total war
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Big Ideas (Formulated as Questions) •
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Be able to interpret, evaluate, differentiate, organize, construct, formulate
Assessed through writing, discussion, debate
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What do the documents and facts suggest about responsibility for war in July 1914 and whether the cause was just? What made the Great War total? Why it is significant? (see also lecture outline)
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World War I & Total War
1914
1914
28 June: Assassination of Franz Ferdinand & Sophie
War Declarations
28 July: Austria‐Hungary declares war on Serbia
1‐12 August: Germany, Russia, France, Great Britain, etc. …
15 September: First Trenches dug on Western Front
25 December: Unofficial Christmas Truce
1915
22 April: First German use of Poison Gas
January: Germany launches first Zeppelin attack on England
7 May: Lusitania torpedoed
23 May: Italy declares war on Austria Hungary (Italy promised territory with Treaty of London)
15 September: British use of Poison Gas
“Breakthrough Offensives”
Battle of Verdun, 21 February‐18 December
Battle of Somme, 1 July‐1 November
2/15 March: Tsar Nicholas Abdicates
6 April: US declares war on Germany
April‐June: French soldiers mutiny or go on strike at various points on the Front
23 October: American troops now active in trench warfare
7 November: Kerensky Government overthrown by Bolsheviks
1917
Third Battle of Ypres (a.k.a. Passchendaele), 31 July‐10 November
1918
16‐17 July: Nicholas II & Family Killed by Bolsheviks
Inter‐allied Commission determines German Reparations Amount
8 January: Wilson’s 14 Points
3 March: Treaty of Brest Litovsk; Russia departs war
9 November: William II abdicates
11 November: Armistice
March: Organizational Structure of Paris Peace Conference
Total War Era
1916
1919
1921
TREATIES:
Versailles (28 June 1919) St. Germaine (10 Sept 1919)
Neuilly (27 Nov 1919) Bulgaria
Trianon (4 June 1920) Hungary
Sevres (10 Aug 1920) (Ottoman Empire) & Laussane (24 July 1923) (Ottoman Empire)
1945