COMMUNICATION
CITIES
Unit
23
1. Which of these things are the same in all
countries? Which of them are sometimes
different?
a. gestures
b. smile
c. eye contact
d. greetings
2. Have you met someone from another
country? What did you talk about?
UNIT GOALS
Communicate with people from different
cultures
Make small talk with new people
Use small talk to break the ice
Learn how professionals break the ice
14
15
A GOAL 1 COMMUNICATE WITH PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT CULTURES
A. Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect form of the verb in parentheses.
Vocabulary
1.I _____________ (meet) many Canadians, but I _____________ (be, not)
in Canada.
2. My husband and I _____________ (be) married for six years.
3.Mari isn’t in the office this week. She _____________ (go) on vacation.
4.Jason doesn’t want to watch videos. He _____________ (watch) videos
every night this week.
5.Tomorrow is my friend’s birthday, but I _____________ (buy, not) her a
present. I forgot!
6. I _____________ (finish) all my homework. Now I can go out.
A. Read the article.
Every culture around the world has different customs and ways of
communicating.
When you learn to communicate in a language, you learn a lot of rules. You learn
what kind of greetings to use in different situations. For example, in English, we
say “Hi!” in an informal situation. In a more formal situation, we shake hands and
say “How do you do?” In China, a traditional greeting is “Have you eaten today?”
After that, there are rules for making small talk when you meet a new person.
B. F inish writing the following questions. Then ask a partner
to answer them. Write some questions of your own.
People in different cultures also have different ways of using their bodies
to communicate. But there’s one kind of communication that’s the same
everywhere. A smile can always connect people.
Have you ever eaten
No, never.
Indian food?
Yes, once/many times.
It’s really good!
B. Write the words in blue next to the correct meanings.
1.the correct way to do something
___________________________
2. bring together _ _____________
3.very serious and important
___________________________
4.people with the same language
and way of living _____________
Word Focus
follow + a rule =
do something the
correct way
make + small
talk = talk about
things that aren’t
important
16 Communication
5. activities that are usual in a
country ____________________
6.the same for a long time without
changing ___________________
7.conversation about things that
aren’t important _ ____________
8. friendly and relaxed _ _________
___________________________
Conversation
Track 1-6
Grammar: Present perfect tense
Present perfect tense
Subject + has/have + (not) + past participle
He has traveled to many countries. He has not been in Korea before.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
eaten _________ food?
seen a movie from
____________ (country)?
gone to _________ ?
played __________ ?
talked to _________ ?
Real Language
We use Guess what! in
informal conversations
to say that we have
interesting news.
A. Close your book and listen to the conversation. Why is the woman
worried?
Annie: Guess what? I’m going to spend a month in Mexico City.
Rick: That’s great! What are you going to do there?
Annie: I’m going to work in my company’s office there. I’m a little
worried, though. I’ve never been to Mexico before.
Rick: But you’ve met lots of people from Mexico, and you’ve
taken Spanish lessons.
Annie: That’s true. And I guess I’ve learned something about
Mexican customs.
Rick: It sounds to me like you’re ready to go.
B. Practice the conversation with a partner.
We use the present perfect tense:
*to talk about something that started in the past and continues now.
*to talk about something that happened several times in the past.
*to talk about something in the past that is connected with the present.
Have you ever . . .
aerial view of Mexico City
Goal 2Communicate with people from different cultures
Take turns pretending to be a foreigner coming to your country for a month. Talk to your
partner about some customs that might surprise you and some things that you have
done to prepare for the trip.
Lesson A 17
B GOAL 2 MAKE SMALL TALK WITH NEW PEOPLE
Track 1-7
Listening
Communication
A. T hese people are meeting for the first time. Listen to their
conversations. Where are the people?
A. Read the information.
Conversation 1 The speakers are in ___.
a. a hospital
b. a school
c. an airport
Conversation 2 These people are in ___.
a. a restaurant
b. an apartment English-speakers often make small talk when
they meet someone new. They ask questions to
get to know the other person. At school, people
often talk about their classes. At work, people
talk about their jobs. They don’t talk about very
personal subjects. For example, “Which department do you work in?“ is a good
question, but “How much money do you make?“ is too personal.
c. an office building
B. L isten again. What do the people make small talk about?
Track 1-7
Conversation 1 They make small talk about ___.
a. classes
b. weather
c. clothes
Conversation 2 They make small talk about ___.
a. sports
b. TV shows
c. the neighborhood
B. Circle the topics that are good for small talk when you meet someone for the first
time. Then add two more ideas.
school money family work sports religion __________ __________
C. Read the situations. Choose a question to ask for each situation. Then practice
conversations with a partner.
C. What will they talk about next? Think of two more ideas for each conversation.
Pronunciation: Have or has vs. contractions
In statements with the present perfect verb tense, have and has are sometimes
pronounced, but when people speak quickly, contractions are used.
A. Listen and repeat.
Track 1-8
Have or has
I have
you have
we have
they have
she has
he has
it has
Contraction
I’ve
you’ve
we’ve
they’ve
she’s
he’s
it’s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. a. I have never gone skiing.
a. He has been to Colombia three times.
a. Linda has taken a scuba diving class.
a. They have already eaten breakfast.
a. We have had three tests this week.
a. Michael has found a new job.
18 Communication
Situation 1 A
t work, Min-Hee talks to Judy. It’s Judy’s first day at her job.
a. How old are you?
b. Are you new in this city?
Situation 2 A
ndrei is from Russia. He talks to Eduardo at the International
Students’ Club. It’s Eduardo’s first meeting.
a. Where are you from?
b. Do you like sports?
Situation 3 M
ark lives in apartment 104. He meets Lisa, his new neighbor, in the
apartment building.
a. Which apartment do you live in?
b. Are you married?
D. Which are good questions to ask when you meet someone new? Circle the letters.
B. Listen and circle the sentence you hear.
Track 1-9
b. I’ve never gone skiing.
b. He’s been to Colombia three times.
b. L inda’s taken a scuba diving class.
b. They’ve already eaten breakfast.
b. We’ve had three tests this week.
b. Michael’s found a new job.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Which classes are you taking now?
Who is your teacher?
What was your score on the placement test?
Have you studied at this school before?
When did you start working here?
How much did you pay for that car?
Have you lived here for a long time?
How much money do you earn here?
Goal 2 Make small talk with new people
Pretend you are meeting your classroom partner for the first time (on the first day
of class, waiting for the bus, or in another situation). Talk for two minutes.
Lesson B 19
C GOAL 3 USE SMALL TALK TO BREAK THE ICE
A. Read the page from Marcy’s journal. What things has
she already done in her life? Complete the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
She has already _______________________________
She has already _______________________________
She has already _______________________________
She has already _______________________________
.
.
.
.
B. Read the conversation Marcy has with a classmate. Fill in the blanks.
Real Language
When we break the
ice, we start a
conversation. This
helps people
overcome any
shyness or
embarrassment
they might feel
with new people.
Language Expansion: Starting a conversation
A. Read the questions in the box. Think of different ways to answer them.
Starting a conversation
How do you like this weather?
Where do you know Mary from? (at a party)
Are you enjoying yourself? (at a party)
Has it been a long week? (at work or school)
Did you hear about __________? (something that happened in the news)
How long have you been waiting? (for the elevator, the bus, the meeting to begin, etc.)
Are you shy or
outgoing when
you meet new
people? Do you like
to make small talk?
waiting in line in the office cafeteria
at a welcome party for new students
walking in the park
at the airport
C. Take turns. Ask a partner questions about the people below with have/has
and ever. Answer using no, never, and contractions.
Mrs. Cooper
Tom and Rita
you
Track 1-10
Already/ever/yet + the present perfect tense
Has Roberta already left?
We have already studied this.
question
affirmative statement
*We use already to talk about something that happened in the past. It is used for emphasis in questions
and affirmative statements.
ever/never
never/not ever
yet/not yet
Have you ever seen a giraffe?
We have never played tennis in the rain.
We haven’t ever gone to Canada.
Have you done the dishes yet?
Melanie hasn’t eaten lunch yet.
questions
negative statements
Mr. Muramoto
your friends
Ms. Sanchez
No, she’s never taken
a cooking class.
A. Close your book and listen to the conversation. What do the
speakers decide to do about the homework?
Tom: Excuse me. Are you in my history class?
Rita: Yes! I saw you in class yesterday. I’m Rita.
Tom: Hi, Rita. I’m Tom. Is this your first class with Mr. Olsen?
Rita: Yes, it is, but I’ve heard good things about him. What about you?
Tom: I’ve taken his classes before, and they’ve always been good.
Rita: That’s nice. Have you already done the homework for tomorrow?
Tom: No, not yet. What about you?
Rita: Not yet. Maybe we can call each other if we have any problems with it.
Tom: That’s a great idea! I’ll give you my number.
B. Practice the conversation. Then practice the conversation with subjects you
are studying and teachers from your school.
questions
negative statements
Goal 3 Use small talk to break the ice
*We use ever/never (not ever) in questions or negative statements to talk about something that has or hasn’t happened
at any time before now.
*We use yet/not yet in questions or negative statements for emphasis.
20 Communication
I
you and I
our English teacher
Has Mrs. Cooper ever
taken a cooking class?
Conversation
Grammar: Signal words: Already, ever, yet
already
eak English
learn to spea
k Chinese
visit my cous
ins in Colombi
a
eat traditional
food from Ja
pan
learn to be m
ore polite when
I say “no” to
people
go swimming
in the ocean
learn the rules
for Australian
rugby
play Australia
n rugby
take a scuba
diving class
John: Have you ever traveled to another country?
Marcy: No, I have _____ left this country, but I want to go to
Colombia some day.
John: Have _____ ever learned to speak a new language?
Marcy: I think I have _____ to speak English pretty well.
John: _____ you ever eaten any unusual food?
Marcy: Yes! I have _____ Japanese miso soup and udon noodles.
John: What about sports? Can you play any sports?
Marcy: Well, I learned the rules for Australian rugby last year, but I _____
never played the game.
B. Choose one of the situations. Start a conversation with a partner. Try to make small talk for as
long as you can. Then change partners and practice again with another situation.
Engage!
Things I Wa
nt to Do in
My Life
learn to sp
Have you ever taken
a class with Ms. Lee
before?
Yes, I took an art
class with her.
Move around the class. Walk up to five classmates and ask them an icebreaker question.
Lesson C 21
D GOAL 4 LEARN HOW PROFESSIONALS BREAK THE ICE
Reading
Around the World
A. Discuss these questions with a partner.
1.Have you ever taken a picture of
people you didn’t know? How did you
do it?
2.What kinds of photographs do you
like? What makes those photographs
good?
Taking Pictures
of the World
B. Circle T for true or F for false. Then correct
the false sentences.
1.Belt has never traveled
to England. 2.Belt has never traveled
to Antarctica. 3.Petra is a very old city
in Jordan.
4.Belt can only connect
with English-speakers.
5.People can connect with
each other in bad weather.
6.Volunteering is one way to
begin a photography career.
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
Writing
A. Complete the sentences with your own
ideas.
1.Annie Griffiths Belt’s work is interesting
because _________________________.
2.For me, traveling is _ ________ because ________________________________.
3.For me, connecting with new people
is ____________ because _ _________.
4.Belt takes good “people pictures”
because _________________________.
5.My own photographs are usually _____
________________________________
________________________________.
6. The next time I need to break the ice,
I will ____________________________
________________________________.
B. S hare your sentences with a partner. Talk
about your ideas.
Annie Griffiths Belt
C. Tell a partner about some places you
have traveled. Then talk about some
places you haven’t visited yet, but that
you want to visit.
22 Communication
to connect with new people. When people speak the same
language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel
more comfortable with each other. When people don’t speak
the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something
in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has
traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of
children or their parents, they all have that family connection
in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect
when they are experiencing it together.
Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career
in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a
local organization that can’t afford to hire a professional
photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your
best photographs. If you’re a real photographer, your photos
are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt
also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by
professional photographers.
Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful
photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie
Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don’t
be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be
very rewarding.
Meet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic
photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since
1978, and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the
world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn’t seen yet.
Belt’s photographs are well known for their beauty and
high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and
regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city
of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake
District in England. Recently, her pictures appeared in a book
about undeveloped natural places in North America.
Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people.
Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and
nationalities even when she does not speak their language.
“The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people’s
lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am
often overwhelmed by how quickly people welcome me.”
Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a
successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn
P
ortrait by
Annie Griffiths Belt
Goal 4Learn how
professionals
break the ice
T he ancient city of Petra in Jordan
taken by Annie Griffiths Belt
In what professions do people need
to break the ice quickly in order to do
their jobs? Talk with your partner about
different ways they can do this.
Lesson D 23
E VIDEO JOURNAL Orangutan Language
Before You Watch
B. Watch the video again and circle the correct answers.
Read about the video and check the meanings of the words in bold.
Orangutans are large, intelligent primates. At the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., Rob
Shumaker runs the Orangutan Language Project. Of course, orangutans aren’t able to speak like
humans. They can, however, learn to connect symbols to objects. In human language, words
are also symbols for the real objects they represent. Shumaker believes the language program is
mentally stimulating for the orangutans. The program is completely voluntary, so the animals
can choose to participate or not, and it’s part of a zoo exhibit called Think Tank, which helps to
educate people about the problems orangutans face in the wild.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In Malay, the word orangutan means “person of the (jungle/forest).”
The orangutans in the video are Inda and (Miki/Azie).
The orangutans work with symbols on (a computer/paper).
The orangutans are (brother and sister/mother and son).
Wild orangutans could become extinct in (10 to 12/8 to 10) years
C. Watch the video again and answer the questions.
1.Where do orangutans come from? ______________________________
__________________________________________________________
2.What choices does the zoo give the orangutans? _ _________________
__________________________________________________________
3.How old is Inda, the female orangutan? __________________________
4.Can the orangutans use symbols to make sentences? _______________
__________________________________________________________
5.What do zoo officials hope exhibits like Think Tank will do?_ __________
__________________________________________________________
After You Watch
S humaker and Inda
perform certain exercises
on the computer.
Brainstorm several ways that animals communicate. Do you think animal
communication is very different from human communication?
Communication
Any writing system is a set of symbols. You have the opportunity to create
a new way to write English.
1.Think of 10 English words that are difficult to spell.
2.Make a word list with a better way to write the words.
3.Share your word list with the class. (Can your classmates guess all
the words?)
While You Watch
A. W
atch the video Orangutan Language. Circle each word when you first hear it.
exhibit symbols voluntary primates stimulating
24 Communication
Video Journal 25