國立臺南大學 生態科學與技術學系
生態學 期中考題(A 卷)
日期：2012 年 11 月 16 日(週五) 上午 9:10—11:30 學生人數：35 位 教師：鄭先祐
※Each question only one correct choice, select the best one.
※Each correct choice, count 2 points, two wrong choices deduct 1 point.
1. Fish such as salmon, which are born in freshwater streams but spend most of their adult lives in
the ocean, are termed
(A) ahedonistic
(B) anadromous
(C) androgynous
(D) oscillatory
(E) olderous
2. Earth’s surface releases __________it receives by solar radiation. Additional energy inputs to
Earth’s surface occur in part from back radiation due to _________.
(A) More energy than; evapotranspiration
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
more energy than; greenhouse gases
About the same energy as; evapotranspiration
less energy than; greenhouse gases
less energy than; sensible heat flux
3. Compared with land at the same latitude, ocean waters tend to be _______ in the winter and
__________ in the summer because water has a ___________ heat capacity than land has.
(A) Warmer; warmer; higher
(B) warmer; warmer; lower
(C) Warmer; colder; higher
(E) Colder; colder; lower
(D) colder; warmer; higher
4. A very productive ecosystem in the open ocean would most likely be found in
(A) Polar cells
(B) the North American Oscillation
(C) the Labrador current
(D) Upwelling zones
(E) isotherms
5. You would expect to see the greatest seasonal variation of temperature over
(A)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Oceans at low latitudes
(B) land at low latitudes
Land near oceans at low latitudes
Land in the middle of a continent at high latitudes
Oceans at high latitudes
A| 1
6. Regions at high elevation are usually cooler than surrounding lowland regions because
(A) Highlands receive less solar radiation.
(B) The lower air density at high elevations makes heating of the air by the ground less efficient
(C) Highlands exchange air more efficiently with cooler air in the surrounding atmosphere
(D) Both A and B
(E) Both B and C
A| 2
7. Vegetation patterns affect the reflectance of solar radiation, know as its
(A) Albedo
(B) evapotranspiration
(C) Hadley index
(D) Lapse rate
(E) Milankovitch index
8. A group of individuals of a single species living in a particular area and interaction with one
another is called a(n) ___________.
(A) Biosphere
(B) community
(C) ecosystem
(D) population
(E) none of the above.
9. An association of populations of different species living in the same area is called a(n)_________
(A) Biosphere (B) community
(C) ecosystem
(D) population
(E)
none of the above.
10. Which of the following terms refers to a community of organisms plus the physical environment
in which they live?
(A) Biosphere
(B) community
(C) ecosystem
(D) population
(E) none of the above.
11. Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A feature of an organism that improves its ability to survive and reproduce in its
environment.
A feature of an organism that is not inherited, but is learned from the older members of
the group.
A feature of an organism as it develops into adulthood.
All of the above
(E) None of the above
12. Which of the following statements about how energy moves through ecosystems is true?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Energy can be recycled through consumers and producers.
Energy can move in one direction only and cannot be recycled.
Energy can reverse direction if organisms are allowed to decompose.
Recent technology allows us to recycle the energy in our ecosystems.
None of the above.
13. Which of the following statements about the movement of nutrients through ecosystems is
false?
(A) Nutrients can be recycled through consumers and producers.
(B) Nutrients can move in one direction only and cannot be recycled.
(C) Nutrients can be recycled by means of the decomposition of organisms.
(D) if nutrients were not recycled, life would cease.
(E) Nitrogen are recycled from the physical environment to organisms and back again.
14. Which of the following is not part of the scientific method used in studying frog deformities?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Observations of nature leading to questions about those observations.
Understanding the social and political consequences of the study.
Use of previous knowledge to develop possible answers to the questions (hypotheses).
Evaluation of competing hypotheses by means of experiments and careful observation
Using the results of those experiments and observations to modify the hypotheses or to
draw conclusions about the natural world.
Without UV light
with UV light
100
joint effects of UV light and nitrate on tadpole
survival?
(A) Exposure to UV light was capable of
decreasing survival of tadpoles.
(B) Exposure to nitrate was capable of decreasing
the survival of tadpoles.
(C) UV light was capable of decreasing survival of
tadpoles only at lower elevations.
80
Percentage surviving
15. Which of the following was a result of the
field experiment conducted to examine the
60
40
20
0
1
2
(D) UV light and nitrates together reduced the
survival of tadpoles.
(E) All of the above.
0
10
Nitrate concentration (mg/L)
16. The survival rate of tadpoles exposed to both UV light and nitrates was _______
percent.
(A) 0
(B) 10
(C) 20
(D) 80
(E) 100
17. Which of the following statements best describes the information found in the textbook?
(A) The information in the textbook may be contradicted or modified in the future because
what we know about ecology is always changing.
(B) The information in the textbook is a static body of knowledge.
(C) The information has been checked by scientists and will remain the same for future
A| 3
generations.
(D) All of the above.
(E) None of the above
18. If the tilt of Earth’s axis were to decrease,
(A) Seasonality would be increased
(B) seasonality would be reduced
(C) The intertropical Convergence Zone would move more.
(D) Both A and C
(E) Both B and C
19. During the summer, temperatures and plankton activity in lakes are highest at the ________.
This is also the period of __________lake stratification.
(A) Epilimnion; highest
(B) epilimnion; lowest
(C) thermocline; highest
(D) Thermocline; lowest
(E) hypolimnion; highest
20. On what time scale does the El Nino Southern Oscillation occur?
(A)
Daily
(B) Monthly (C) seasonal (D) between 2 and 10 years
(E) centuries
21. On what time scale do Milankovitch cycles occur?
(A) Less than a decade
(C) on the order of a millennium
(D) Between 10,000 and 100,000 years
(B) on the order of a century
(E) more than a million years.
22. In which aquatic ecosystems are oxygen concentrations in the water usually highest?
(A) Deep lakes
(B) rapidly running rivers
(C) slowly running rivers
(D) Deep oceans
(E) marine sediments.
23. In the absence of greenhouse gases, Earth would be about __________ than it is now.
(A) 3℃ warmer
(B) 13℃ warmer
(C) 3℃ cooler
(D) 13℃ cooler
(E) 33℃ cooler
24. Cool air is ___________ warm area, as air cools, it ____________.
(A) More dense than; rises
(B) more dense than ; sinks
(C) Less dense than; rises
(D) less dense than; sinks
(E) About as dense as; rises
25. Over the last century, which of the following cycles has the greatest effect on the cycles of
salmon production in the North Pacific?
(A) ENSO
(B) PDO
(C) cycles in sunspot activity
(D) Milankovitch cycles
(E) Cycles in the speed of continental drift
A| 4
26. A tourist travels to the Himalayas. At first, she has difficulty hiking due to shortness of breath,
but after a week, her performance has improved. This is most likely an example of _________
to lower partial pressure of oxygen which causes ___________.
(A) Acclimatization; hypothermia
(B) acclimatization; hypoxia
(C) Acclimatization; hypouria
(D) adaptation; hypothermia
A| 5
(E) Adaptation; hypoxia
27. Which of the following is not an example of a species’ adjustment to lower atmospheric oxygen?
(A) Higher breathing rates
(C) Greater production of hemoglobin
(E) Decrease in blood vessels to the brain
(B) greater production of red blood cells
(D) higher pressure in the pulmonary arteries
28. Which of the following types of change occurs over generations rather than within a lifetime?
(A) Acclimatization
(B) transpiration
(C) Adaptation
(D) Equilibration
(E) pubescence
29. Which of the following environments usually experience the most extreme seasonal variation?
(A) Tide polls
(E) Coastal lakes
(B) Tropical forests
(C) Open oceans
(D) Boreal forests
30. Which of the following types of organisms would most likely be able to tolerate the 90℃
environments that occur in hot springs?
(A) Bacteria
(B) Insects
(C) Protists
(D) Fish
(E) Mollusks
31. Which of the following is not an energy input that would influence heat energy change of plants?
(A) Solar radiation
(B) infrared radiation
(C) conductive heat transfer
(D) Convective heat transfer
(E) heat transfer through evapotranspiration
32. If a plant is warmer than the surrounding air, ______________ will be ________.
(A) Conductive and convective heat transfer; negative
(B) Heat transfer through evapotranspiration; negative
(C) Conductive and convective heat transfer; positive
(D) Heat energy of the plant; positive
(E) None of the above
33. Which of the following statements about biomes is true?
(A) The same biome can be found on different continents.
(B) Animals, more than plants, are used to characterize biomes.
(C) Determination of biomes incorporates taxonomic similarities among organisms.
(D) Both A and B
(E) Both B and C
34. Though it contains only 11% of Earth’s terrestrial vegetation cover, the _______ biome is home
to about half of Earth’s species.
(A) Tropical seasonal forest
(B) temperate grassland
(C) Temperate deciduous forest
(D) temperate evergreen forest
(E) Tropical rainforest
35. Hot deserts are most likely located
(A) Within 10。Of the equator
(C) At about 30。N or S
(E) At about 50。N or S
(B) at about 20。N or S
(D) at about 40。N or S
36. Flowing streams and rivers are called _________ systems.
(A) Hyporheic
(B) hypoxic
(C) lentic
(D) lotic
(E) photic
37. As compared to shallow lakes, deep lakes tend to have _________ ratios of surface
area-to-volume and to be _________ nutrient-rich.
(A) Lower; less
(B) lower; more
(C) about the same; less
(D) About the same; more
(E) higher; more
38. Which of the following are found only in the photic zone?
(A) Zooplankton
(B) phytoplankton
(C) fungi
(D) all of the above
(E) none of the above
39. Approximately what percentage of Earth’s surface is covered by ocean?
(A) 41%
(B) 51%
(C) 61%
(D) 71%
(E) 81%
40. Which of the following statements about estuaries is false?
(A) They usually have high levels of nutrients.
(B) Their salinity often varies according to the tides.
(C) Many commercially important fish species inhabit estuaries during their juvenile stages.
(D) They are increasing ly threatened by water pollution from rivers.
(E) All of the above are true; none are false.
41. A researcher finds that the physical environment at a certain location alternates between marine
and terrestrial with the rise and fall of tides. A stable substratum provides an anchor against the
A| 6
pounding tides for a diverse array of organisms. Organisms that live there, especially those
that are sessile, usually have high tolerance for changes in salinity and temperature as well as
desiccation. This area is most likely a(n)
(A) Estuary
(B) sandy shore
(C) coral reef
(B) rocky intertidal zone
(E) pelagic zone
42. Based on the climate data shown in
the graph, the location most likely
charted here is in the _________
biomes.
(A) Tropical seasonal forest
(B) Temperate evergreen forest
(C) Boreal forest
(D) Temperate deciduous forest
(E) Temperate scrubland and woodland
43. The waters of Lake Tanganyika in Africa, the second largest freshwater lake in volume,
are rather still, making it a (n) ________system.
(A) Estuarine
(B) hyporheic
(C) lotic
(D) pelagic
(E) lentic
44. Based on the climate data shown in
the graph, the location most likely
charted here is in the _________
biomes.
(A) Tropical seasonal forest
(B) Temperate evergreen forest
(C) Boreal forest
(D) Temperate deciduous forest
(E) Temperate scrubland and woodland
45. Leaves that are comparatively ________ and _________ lose the most heat to wind because
they have __________ layers than other leaves.
(A) Small; smooth; thinner boundary
(C) Small; smooth; thinner convection
(E) Large; rough; thinner boundary
(B) small; smooth; thicker convection
(D) large; rough; thinner convection
A| 7
46. The majority of animals are categorized as _______, which means they regulate their body
temperature primarily through energy exchange with the external environment.
(A) Exotherms
(B) endotherms
(C) cooltherms
(D) Ectotherms
(E) Environtherms
A| 8
47. If the body size of an animal with a semi-spherical body shape were be increase considerably,
the surface-to-area ration would __________, and the animal’s ability to exchange heat with
the environment would ___________.
(A) Increase; increase
(C) Increase; decrease
(B) increase; stay about the same
(D)decrease; increase
(E) decrease; decrease
48. Compared with large endotherms, small endotherms require _________ feeding rates, partly
because they have a ___________ surface area-to-volume ratio.
(A) Similar; ;similar
(B) lower; lower
(C) higher; higher
(D) lower; higher
(E) Higher; lower
49. During cold periods, marmots enter a state of torpor in order to alter their lower critical body
temperature. In comparison to a bear and its period of long winter sleep, the body
temperature of the marmot drops __________ the bear’s does, and the duration of the torpor is
______ the bear’s period of sleep.
(A) Much more than; much shorter than
(B) much less than; much shorter than
(C) To about the same extent as; much shorter than
(D) much more than; about the same as
(E) to about the same extent as; about the same as
50. Loss of ______ pressure results in wilting of non-woody plants due the dehydration.
(A) Turgor (B) xyleic
(C) molar
(D) matric
(E) cavitation
國立臺南大學
生態學 期中考題(A 卷)
生態科學與技術學系
A| 9
姓名：____XXXXXX______ 學號：________XXXXXXX________ 編號：________
日期：2012 年 11 月 16 日(週五) 上午 9:10—11:30 學生人數：35 位 教師：鄭先祐
※Each question only one correct choice, select the best one.
※Each correct choice, count 2 points, two wrong choices deduct 1 point.
參考答案
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
B
B
C
D
D
E
A
D
B
C
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
A
B
B
B
D
C
A
B
A
D
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
D
B
E
B
B
B
E
C
D
A
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
E
A
A
E
C
D
A
B
D
E
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
D
E
E
C
A
D
E
C
A
A
※感想與意見 (僅供參考，不計分)