MMETALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
MME 521: NON FERROUS EXTRACTION AND REFINING
COURSE PARTICULARS
Course Code: MME 521
Course Title: Non Ferrous Extraction and Refining
No. of Units: 3
Course Duration: Three hours of theory per week for 15 weeks.
Status: Compulsory
Course Email Address: [email protected]
Course Webpage: http://www.mme.futa.edu.ng/page.php?pageid=191
Prerequisite: NIL
COURSE INSTRUCTORS
Engineer O. O. Daramola
Room 215, SEET ,
Dept. of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,
Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Phone: +2348166814002
Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The emphasis will be on the limitations and factors influencing the choice of production and
refining process i.e. the scientific and technological analysis of extraction processes. Outline of
major competing routes of metal production from their ores. Ore treatments techniques (roasting,
pressure oxidation, bio-oxidation). Thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrometallurgical
processes; leaching. Cementation, precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction processes.
Principles of electrometallurgy (electrowinning and electrorefining). Fire refining. Extraction
and refining of most common commercial metals such as aluminium, copper, lead, zinc nickel,
tin, gold etc.
1
COURSE OBJECTIVES
This course is intended to serve as a comprehensive course in non ferrous extraction and refining
for an undergraduate in the metallurgical & materials engineering curriculum. Many of the
unique features of non ferrous extractive metallurgy have been described in sufficient detail and
numerous illustrative examples have been included.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES / COMPETENCIES
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
(Knowledge based)
• Describe and explain processes and reactors for extraction and refining of metals and alloys.
• Explain processes based on an advanced thermodynamic perspective. Describe and explain
material and energy flows related to extraction of metals and alloys.
• Describe and explain ore treatment techniques.
• Plan and carry out experimental work related to extraction and refining of non ferrous metals
• Present results and evaluation of experimental work in oral and written presentation
(Skills)
GRADING SYSTEM FOR THE COURSE
This course will be graded as follows:
Class Attendance
05%
Assignments
15%
Test(s)
20%
Final Examination
60%
TOTAL
100%
2
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Attendance: It is expected that every student will be in class for lectures. Attendance records
will be kept and used to determine each person’s qualification to sit for the final examination. In
case of illness or other unavoidable cause of absence, the student must communicate as soon as
possible with the course instructor, indicating the reason for the absence.
Academic Integrity: Violations of academic integrity, including dishonesty in assignments,
examinations, or other academic performances are prohibited. You are not allowed to make
copies of another person’s work and submit it as your own; that is plagiarism. All cases of
academic dishonesty will be reported to the University Management for appropriate sanctions in
accordance with the guidelines for handling students’ misconduct as spelt out in the Students’
Handbook.
Assignments and Group Work: Students are expected to submit assignments as scheduled.
Failure to submit an assignment as at when due will earn you zero for that assignment. Only
under extenuating circumstances, for which a student has notified any of the instructors in
advance, will late submission of assignments be permitted.
Code of Conduct in Lecture Rooms : Students should turn off their cell phones during lectures.
Students are prohibited from engaging in other activities (such as texting, watching videos, etc.)
during lectures. Food and drinks are not permitted in the lecture room.
READING LIST
1 Havlik,T., ”Hydrometallurgy: Principles and Applications,” CRC publisher, 2008.
2 Habashi, F. ”A Textbook of Hydrometallurgy”, Metallurgie Extractive, Quebec,1993
3 Norman L. Weiss, “SME Mineral Processing Handbook“, Volume II, SME, 1985
3 Unit Processes in Extractive Metallurgy: Hydrometallurgy, A Modular Tutorial Course of
1Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology
2 Biswas, A.K. And Davenport, W.G., “Extractive Metallurgy of Copper”, Pergamon,
Oxford, fourth edition, 2002
Legend
1- Available in the University Library
2- Available in Departmental/School Libraries
3- Available on the Internet.
4- Available as Personal Collection
5- Available in local bookshops.
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COURSE OUTLINE
Week
1
2&3
Topic
Remarks
Outline of major competing routes of metal
production from their ores
Students will be introduced briefly to
Hydrometallurgy, Pyrometallurgy,
Electrometallurgy
Limitations and factors influencing the choice of
production and refining process i.e. the scientific
and technological analysis of extraction processes
Students will be introduced
to the various economic
factors one need to think
about in choosing a method
of reduction for a particular
ore.
•
•
•
•
4&5
Thermodynamics and kinetics of
hydrometallurgical processes; leaching.
Cementation, precipitation, ion exchange and
solvent extraction processes
4
You need to consider:
the cost of the reducing
agent;
energy costs;
the desired purity of the
metal.
There may be various
environmental considerations
as well - some of which will
have economic costs.
Students will be introduced to the
importance of Thermodynamics of
hydrometallurgical processes,
Ellingham diagrams, Gibbs free
energy and Enthalpy
6
7&8
9 & 10
Ore treatments techniques (roasting, pressure
oxidation, bio-oxidation).
Ore treatments techniques will be
introduced to the students
Principles of electrometallurgy (electrowinning
and electrorefining). Fire refining
electrometallurgy generally involves
electrolytic or electrothermal
processing. The metal ore is either
distilled in a electrolyte or acid
solution, then magnetically deposited
onto a cathode plate
(electrowinning); or smelted then
melted using an electric arc or
plasma arc furnace (electrothermic
reactor)
MID-SEMESTER TEST
Extraction and refining of most common Students will be introduce to the
commercial metals such as aluminium, copper, extraction and refining of the
lead, zinc nickel, tin, gold etc.
following ore minerals
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
11 & 12
Thermodynamics and Kinetics aspects in
Hydrometallurgy
5
Argentite: Ag2S for
production of silver
Barite: BaSO4
Bauxite Al(OH)3 and
AlOOH, dried to Al2O3 for
production of aluminium
Beryl: Be3Al2(SiO3)6
Bornite: Cu5FeS4
Cassiterite: SnO2
Chalcocite: Cu2S for
production of copper
Chalcopyrite: CuFeS2
Chromite: (Fe, Mg)Cr2O4 for
production of chromium
Cinnabar: HgS for production
of mercury
Cobaltite: (Co, Fe)AsS
Columbite-Tantalite or
Coltan: (Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2O6
Galena: PbS
Spontaneous reaction, equilibrium
state,equilibrium constant; Nernst
equation; chemical reactions
usually perform in leaching
processes; correlation of free
energy and heat; Pourbaix diagram
13 & 14
15
Pyrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy Revisited
REVISION
6
Students will be made to know that
Pyrometallurgy deals with chemical
reactions at high temperatures
(ranging from 100°C up to
3000°C). These reactions involve
numerous different solids, liquids,
and gases, and are carried
out using many diverse types of
furnaces. Electrometallurgy
generally involves electrolytic or
electrothermal processing. The
metal ore is either distilled in a
electrolyte or acid solution, then
magnetically deposited onto a
cathode plate (electrowinning); or
smelted then melted using an
electric arc or plasma arc furnace
(electrothermic reactor