Review for Exploration & Colonization
1. Reasons for Exploration- curiosity, fame , wealth, pride, religion, foreign goods, faster trade routes – Social
reasons
2. What leads England to start colonizing- defeat of the Spanish Armada, need for land, religious freedom, market
for finished goods, searching for the Northwest Passage (water route through North America)
3. List and explain England’s reasons for their earlier colonies- farming, gold, religious freedom
4. Roanoke(reasons for, leaders, government, problems) to farm, John White, royal appointed governor,
Problems: harsh winter, lack of supplies, Native American problems
5. Sagadahoc (reasons for, leaders, government, problems) place for criminals, George Popham, royal appointed
governor, Problems: Arguments among settlers, food shortages, harsh winters and Native American problems
6. Jamestown (reasons for, leaders, government, problems) farming, John Smith, Colonial Assembly/House of
Burgesses, Problems: swampy land, mosquitos & malaria, “starving time”.
7. Plymouth (reasons for, leaders, government, problems) religious freedom, Mayflower Compact, majority rule,
early form of self- government Problems: “starving time”, harsh winters, diseases, Native American
8. Jamestown- list and explain reasons for its success- tobacco, steady financing, Pocahontas aided relations
between settlers and Native Americans, establishment of self- government and representative democracy
(House of Burgesses– growth of representative government ), leadership of John Smith, John Rolf developed
tobacco as a cash crop, plentiful game
9. Location of the colonies (Roanoke, Sagadahoc, Jamestown, Plymouth) Roanoke, Virginia/ Sagadahoc, Maine /
Jamestown, Virginia/ Plymouth, Massachusetts
10. Cash crops- crops produced for profit rather than food
ex: tobacco
11. Mercantilism- an economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by controlling the trade
and profits of their colonies
12. Middle Passage- The middle leg of the triangular trade route that transports slaves from Africa to the Americas
13. Joint Stock Company (definition and names)- a group of investors who put money into a project (Ex: financing a
colony) to share profits or losses - Virginia Company of London and the Virginia Company of Plymouth
14. Charter- a King’s written permission to establish a colony in the New World
15. Indentured Servants- Men and women that sold their labor to a person that would finance their passage to the
colonies
16. The importance of these dates: 1607, 1620- 1607 was the first permanent English settlement in North America/
1620- The Pilgrim settlement in Plymouth, Massachusetts founded for religious freedom and the writing of the
Mayflower Compact – growth of representative government (elected leaders)
17. Explain the effects of the Columbian Exchange - The transportation of plants, livestock, and diseases between
the Eastern and Western hemispheres (crossing the Atlantic Ocean). One of the effects was a 90% decrease in
the population of some Native American tribes. Also called Triangular Trade Routes when only goods are
involved – Goods to Africa, Slaves to Americas, sugar to Europe)
18. Complete Flow Charts:
Spain
conquers
Americas
England
defeats____
Spain Armada
England
begins to
colonize
Americas
___
People Elect
office holders
19.
Office holders conduct
Gov’t. on behalf of the
people
Office holders
Make
____laws____
Know this diagram – what does this diagram illustrate?
Columbian Exchange
Crops, raw materials, potatoes, pumpkin, corn
Americas
Europe &
Africa
Livestock, diseases, bananas, coffee beans
Study your landforms/waterways map and be able to locate all items on a map
1607____
Jamestown
is founded