Daniel Carchidi
Lindsey Weeramuni
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MIT OpenCourseWare:
Copyright in an Open Courseware
March 11, 2008
Copyright in an OCW
Unlocking Knowledge
Copyright 101
Challenges and Solutions
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Copyright in an OCW
1
“To open up the institution’s vast reservoirs of knowledge
is a monumental and inspiring endeavor.”
— Student, Canada
Unlocking Knowledge
Copyright 101
Challenges and Solutions
3
Copyright in an OCW
Unlocking Knowledge
Vision
“OCW expresses MIT's goal of
advancing education around the
world through a global community
in which knowledge and ideas are
shared openly for the benefit of all.”
— Susan Hockfield,
President of MIT
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Copyright in an OCW
2
Unlocking Knowledge
What is OCW?
MIT OpenCourseWare IS NOT:
• An MIT education
• Intended to represent the
interactive classroom environment
• Degree-granting
MIT OpenCourseWare IS:
• A Web-based publication of
virtually all MIT course content
• Open and available to world
• A permanent MIT activity
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Copyright in an OCW
Unlocking Knowledge
1,800 Courses
• 1,800 Syllabi & reading lists
• 15,000 lecture notes
• 9,000 problem sets
• 900 exams
Many include:
• Audio/video (~60)
• Complete texts (~30)
• Simulations/animations
http://ocw.mit.edu
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Copyright in an OCW
3
Unlocking Knowledge
Creative Commons 3.0
• Obliges users to meet three use requirements
Use must be non-commercial
Materials must be attributed to MIT and original author or
contributor
Publication or distribution of original or derivative materials
must be offered freely under identical terms
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Copyright in an OCW
Unlocking Knowledge
What About Copyright?
All third party material, i.e., anything that is not by the primary author,
is most likely protected by copyright. MIT has had success in moving
this material into open use.
©
CC
We’ll share our experience in doing this.
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Copyright in an OCW
4
Unlocking Knowledge
1848 Courses
789
without objects
(43%)
1059
with objects
(57%)
Third Party Material
MIT OCW’s publication history*
– 1848 courses published
• 789 courses contain no
third party content
• 1,059 courses contained
third party content (a.k.a.
“objects”) that required
scanning (avg. 19 objects
per course)
*data as of 11/28/2007
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Copyright in an OCW
“OCW motivates my students and gives them
access to a wider knowledge base."
— Educator, India
Unlocking Knowledge
Copyright 101
Challenges and Solutions
10
Copyright in an OCW
5
Copyright 101
What can be protected by copyright?
– “Works of authorship that can be perceived, reproduced,
or communicated directly or by machine”
– Examples: Literature, music, sound recordings, dramatic
works, photos, motion pictures, graphics, sculpture,
performing arts, architecture, software
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Copyright in an OCW
Copyright 101
What
–
–
–
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cannot be protected by copyright?
Ideas and concepts
Facts and raw data
Names and titles
Copyright in an OCW
6
Copyright 101
Who gets copyright protection?
– Original author/creator
– Employer (“works for hire”)
– Anyone to whom rights are assigned
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Copyright in an OCW
Copyright 101
How and when does a work become copyrighted?
– Automatically at time of authorship (when “fixed in a
tangible medium”)
– Registration is optional
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Copyright in an OCW
7
Copyright 101
What rights does copyright owner have? — the exclusive right to
– Reproduce
– Distribute
– Display or perform publicly
– Create derivative works
…Or grant (license) these rights to another party
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Copyright in an OCW
Copyright 101
Public
–
–
–
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domain (no permission required)
Produced by federal government
Deposited to public domain by owner
Copyright expired or lost
Copyright in an OCW
8
Copyright 101
Misconceptions: It is ok to use something if…
– It does not have a copyright notice
– It is freely available off the web
– You give proper credit to the author
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Copyright in an OCW
“It would be my pleasure to have you use the content. I use OCW
a lot. It will be great to know that some of my stuff will be
there.”
— MIT student and third party copyright holder
Unlocking Knowledge
Copyright 101
Challenges and Solutions
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Copyright in an OCW
9
Challenges and Solutions
IP within the Publication Process
Intellectual property sub processes
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Copyright in an OCW
Challenges and Solutions
A Team Approach
• Publication Managers (3) and Department Liaisons (7) work with
the faculty to identify sources of all third party content.
• The Intellectual Property Team (2) seeks permission for all
objects assigned to this process, identifies untapped resources of
open content, and performs biannual course audits to ensure
compliance with standards and copyright law.
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Copyright in an OCW
10
Challenges and Solutions
Where Is the IP Content?
16,000
14,000
13,488
object count
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1,807 1,794
811
374
357
326
271
209
120
87
51
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Copyright in an OCW
Challenges and Solutions
What Do We Find?
…aside from the faculty’s content:
– Images (photos, graphs, tables, etc.)
– Text (excerpts)
– Multi-media (clips, simulations)
We call these pieces of third party content “IP objects.”
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Copyright in an OCW
11
Challenges and Solutions
What Do We Do With It?
Three approaches
1. Remove it and put a citation of or link to its original source in its
place
2. Replace it with an original commissioned image
3. Request permission from the copyright holder
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Copyright in an OCW
Challenges and Solutions
Our Workflow
Third party content
Student
24
Third party, non-MIT
Source,
seek permission
Source,
seek permission
Source,
seek permission
Remove
Commission
replacement
image
Commission
replacement
image
Unknown
Copyright in an OCW
12
Challenges and Solutions
How We Do It
•
Tools: FileMaker Pro 9.0
•
Standards: Creative Commons license 3.0
•
People: Intellectual Property Team, Publication Managers (a.k.a.
“PMs”), Department Liaisons (a.k.a. “DLs”)
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Copyright in an OCW
Audience Experience
• What are your challenges/goals?
• At your institution, do you encounter similar questions or
issues around copyright?
• Are faculty raising concerns about copyright at your
institution?
• Who on your campus advocates use of open educational
resources? Who doesn’t?
• Does your administration have a position on open sharing?
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Copyright in an OCW
13
Thank You!
Visit MIT OpenCourseWare online at
http://ocw.mit.edu
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Daniel Carchidi – [email protected]
Lindsey Weeramuni – [email protected]
Copyright in an OCW
A Global Audience
14.5%
40.8%
4.8%
2,250,000
7.8%
1.3%
2,000,000
21.8%
4.6%
Chulalongkorn
CORE
1,750,000
1,500,000
OOPS
Universia
OCW
1,250,000
1,000,000
750,000
500,000
Educators
15%
250,000
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Students
30%
28
Visits since 10/03
Self learners
50%
Copyright in an OCW
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Inspiring a Movement
The OpenCourseWare Consortium
http://ocwconsortium.org
• 180+ institutions
• 92 live OCW sites
• ~5,000 courses
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Copyright in an OCW
Visitor Appreciation
According to users, MIT OpenCourseWare is:
“… the Eighth Wonder of the World.”
“… the Big Bang of the Knowledge Universe.”
“… the greatest thing any institution of higher learning has ever
done.”
“… like falling in love.”
“… the coolest thing on the Internet.”
“… worthy of the next Nobel Peace Prize.”
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Copyright in an OCW
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