JULY
$tttutifit
1885.]
4,
TELEGRAPH KEY
AND
�tut�itau.
5
works into a powerful spur wheel keyed fast on the
SOUNDER.
Mounted on the wooden base of the instrument is a main crank shaft, also carried in a bearing at back of
OBJECT
LENS FOR
TELESCOPES
AND
CAMERaS.
This invention has a twofold object: to obtain the
Hung on saddle. The saddle or traveling head weighs 3 tons, effect of a lens of large diameter without the labor
the arch is the sounder tongue, and just back of the and has carried from it a t the back and hanging down­ and exp(\fise re quired for the
production of large
center of the magnet is a post provided with the con­ ward two strong brackets for the support of the main lenses; and to improve photographic pictures by the
metal plate carrying the magnet and arch.
tact screw of the sounder.
'rhese parts constitute the gear.
The crank is variable, and the sliding block is use of lenses,
which serve to intensify the image and
In front of the moved in the crank plate by a rack and pinion, and
finger key, which is hung on the arch by trunnion is fastened in the desired place by two lock nuts. 'l'his
screws, is the spring of the key, and in front of this crank actuates a cast steel link and connecting rod,
sounder as ordinarily constructed.
is the front contact point insulated from the base,
and the adjusting screw of the base.
and gives a quick return stroke, the connecting rod
The rear end being inside the ram,
of the key extends between the helices of the magnet,
thus giving a central thrust.
The saddle is self-acted either way along the bed by a
and has a stop projection taking on the connecting slotted disk, connecting
piece of the magnet, so as to serve as a back point.
The
two rear binding posts
sounder magnet by wires.
are
connected
rod catch,
and
cast
steel
wheels, the screw being locked and stationary, the nut
to the -having a spur wheel on a friction cone-turning in a
Just forward of these are bearing cast on the saddle underneath, and thus mov­
ing the saddle.
When it is desired to move the saddle
along more quickly, the screw is unlocked at each end
of the bed, and a ratchet or handle applied at (me end
and moved direct.
'l'he ram is
13
6 inches
feet
long
and two tons weight, and has a quadrant tool box for
shaping internal or external curves.
It also has a
noiseless and improved self-acting down-cutting mo­
tion.
The ram is moved forward or back when being
adjusted to the requisite stroke by a pinion working
into a rack.
motions,
revolution
about
There are, as we have said, two circular
with minimum
respectively.
24 inches
inches.
The
smaller one
will take
diameter, and the larger one about
It is supplied
c
feeds of 10\'1) and ]l"-to-u of a
with
suitable
2
48
mandrels and
cones, and also a steady bracket mpported on both
tables.
project
The two tables weigh about
4 feet 3
3
tons each, and
inches from the bed of the machine,
and are moved longitudinally by
means of
and vertically by powerful worm wheels
screws,
and worm
and screw.-I'he Engineer.
BELT'S
TELEGRAPH KEY
AND
OBJECT
SOUNDER.
LENS
FOR
TELESCOPES A�mCAMERAS.
Better P)"roIneters Needed.
produce a stereoscopic effect in the picture. The lens
At a recent general meeting of the German Union of is of compound or double form, each portion being
tact, the latter connection also extending to the switch Manuiacturers of Refractory Products, the subject of ground to the curvature of a solid lens of the required
anvil. These connections are for use when a relay pyrometers was discussed. Herr Seger, an authority diameter, and the two parts being held in their sup­
is required, but for a local sounder on short lines on the subject, stated that so far no pyrometer of any port so as to be retained in the same relative position
the binding posts for the finger key, which are con­
nected by wires to the metal base and the front con­
only two posts are required. The key may extend kind had given satisfaction to a sufficient degree to eS-1 with regard to each other that they would sustain i n
out in the opposite direction to that shown in the tablish i t i n Ilse and favor. For temperatures over 500 a solid lens o f the same diameter and curvature. The
deg. Cent. they are not reliable, and cannot be med for lens is composed of the two parts, A, which are con­
engraving, or at the back of the instrument.
This combined key and sounder-recently patented such purposes as regulating the temperature of ovens in structed by securing two disks of glass in the same
by Mr. Perley P. Belt, of Columbus, Kansas-is very porcelain manufacture, etc. The electric pyrometer of plane and then grinding them to the curvature
compact, occupying no more �pace than the ordinary Siemens is not safe, even with careful handling, as after of a solid lens of like diameter. These are then se­
sOJlnder, besides being less expensive than separate being used several times different pyrometers hardly cured or set in a frame made of any suitable material.
-ever give corresponding readings. This apparatus also For telescopes the setting IIIay be of some inferior
instrl.nnent�.
requires very frequent repairs. In IIlany works so glass, or it may be, as shown in Fig. 2, similar to
.. 4"
"
--
IMPROVED
."
called" pyroscopes" are employed with advantage to those used in opera glasses.
SHAPING M A CHINE.
Our engraving illustrates an unusually large shap­ approximately regulate and judge of the temperature obtained
ing machine manufactured by Jam!,\s Archdale & Co. ,
Birmingham.
of ovens and furnaces.
The same effect may be
by taking an ordinary lens
and
hy
dia­
Alloys of gold and silver, and phragrns or other means, rendering it opaque except at
diametrically opposite por­
The length
of stroke of this fine ma­
tions.
chine is
stood that in cameras this
3
feet, the longi­
It will be under­
tudinal traverse of the sad­
conRtruction applies to the
dle 9 feet,
front
bed
the
length of
12 feet; the total length
of the bed over the bracket
18
at end is
3
This invention has been
inches, the
patented by Messrs. J. A.
vertical movement of the
tables
18
is
inches,
1 and 20 to 1;
Smith
the
power of the gearing is
to
object lens, the
applied as usual.
feet, the tables
project 4 feet
or
condensing lens, C, being
and A. J. Athay;
further particulars can be
12
had by addressing the lat­
ter at Sparland, Ill.
there is a
quick return stroke. There
are cast steel link connect­
Stare]].
ing rods and feed wheels.
The principal grain from
The tables are constructed
to sustain a weight of
tOIlS t o
15
tons.
which starch is rnanUfacc'··
12
tured at the present time
The ma­
is Indian corn-wheat and
chine is self-acting in all
potatoes being used in lim­
cuts. and has two circular
ited quantities.
motions for large and small
work.
is
The
24 tons,
There
total weight
factories
the ground space
taken up is
20
feet by
are
in
twenty-four
the
United
States ma n u f a c t u r i n g
18
starch from corn.
feet. The main frame of the
Fifteen
of these are working under
machine is cast in one piece
the new method, or chemi­
and strongly ribbed inside
cal process, and producing
to give necessary strength.
about
The foot of the frame is
total
two-thirds
amount
of
the
made
per
The baIan c e
extended to the left to sup­
annum.
port the driving gear. The
work by the old method,
weight
or fermentation process.
body is
of
11
this frame or
tons.
Indiana is
The driv­
ing gear, etc., consists of a
five speed cone pulley,
inches to
36
IMPROVED SHAPING MACHINE.
20
production of starch from
corn, having eight factories
inches in di-
ameter, andl two changes of spur gear.
the leading
State of the Union in the
The changes of gold and platinum, of varying proportions, are used,
and producing more than one-third of the total amount
are effected by a screw on the pulley shaft, the boss but such alloys are only recommended up to tempera­ made.
of the hand wheel being cut as a nut internally and tures of about
split, and provided on its outer diameter with a split
grip
for locking.
By moving this hand wheel
pillions can be brought in and out of gear with
1,200
deg. Cent.
In firebrick and porce­
the tures of fireclay and ground feldspar, also of feldspar,
heir q uartz, and fireclay.
2
These mixtures are made into
3 centimeters in
respective wheels, and locked in position on the shait.
cubes of
These wheels give Illotion to a strong back shaft hav­
that they c a n be seen through little spy holes left for
t.o
bracket and saddle are all one casting.
They give
250,000,000
pounds per annum. The
total number of pounds of starch of all kinds exported
from the United States in the twelve months ending
height, and are placed so July
ing a key bed and sliding pinion carried in a bracket the purpose in the side 'of the furnaces.
at the back of the traveling head or saddle.
The total capacity of the mills manufacturing starch
lain works use is made of a graduated series of mix­ from corn is about
1, 1883,
was
7,003,715.
The consumption of starch for all purpose� in the
United States is about
160,QOO,000
million pounds per
This way Itt first, by the rounding off of the cornel'S, when annum, or an average of three pounds for each per­
This pinion the fusion temperature has been rt>ached.
© 1885 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC
son.