THE
FORTY-FIFTH
REPORT
OF THE
BASEL
GERMAN
EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY
IN
SOUTH-WESTERN
I NDI A
FOR
18 8 4
-----------
MANGALORE
PRINTED A T THE BASEL MISSION PRESS
1885
Esnsus xxf tbs Basel S-erman Euangeiieal Mission on the Western ©oast of India,
S ehools
229
293
142
1434
2
19
12
13
0
5
9
15
14
0
93
0
0
0
0
73
75
160
48
0
0
0
0
0
0
218
103
251
75
0
45
46
43
93
356
0
0
0
0
0
35
0
0
0
80
0
0
0
43
43
14
28
22
227
254
103
373
0
56
142
0
90
0
10
55
47
6
108
27
10
46
117
15
12
4
40
0
11
35
80
160
253
1003
405
82 2060
0
0
180
77
Christian Schoolmast-
12 24
7
0
8
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
26
23
4
36
32
13
8
32
3
2
3
3
1
3
1
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
5
4
0
2
1
6
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
5
2
2
1
0
12
8
0
13
12
2
4
3
2
1
2
3
2
2
5
1
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
8
7
5
6
3
6
5
11
5
9
5
7
20
15
3
35
1846
1867
2
1
1
1
0
0
3
1
2
0
4
9
2
6
14
0
0
0
0
14
10
21
4
0
257
Total. -.
Gl
48
7
88
95
26
61
92
28
37
44
170
200
526
5 82
1325
1311
63
50
7
85
89
27
61
87
28
21
38
188
214
50 6
(>09
1367
1157
202
»
2
0
0
0
1
0
. 0
0
0
0
18
14
0
27
0
0
0
0*
0*
0
3
6
0
0
+5
0
16
c
0
0
20
0
42
154
22
Preparandi-Schools
Boys
Girls
24
4
A3
73
3
3
7
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
16
4
12
0
1
2
5
0
1
8
11
2
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
7
0
4
4
10
2
7
2
5
42
9
37
30
0
21
4
1
5
1
5
1
9
5
0
0
Boys
Girls
Training
Seminary
Non-Christian
masters
Schools
0
65
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Schools
0
0
73
0
0
0
0
Christian School­
mistresses
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
0
172
59
50
0
0
229
0
0
16
161
38
53
0
4
3
23
65
299
0
•0
48
0
0
45
0
0
0
0
0
48
0
21
0
0
0
0
21
916
312
533
33
23
25
138
8
3
16
0
3
2
6
681 1605
356 6 71
54 5 1094
54
21
64
28
57
30
107 251
46
45
195
0
1
0
0
51 3694 1980
38
1768 3786
287
167
247
487
474
0
66
153
278
287
0
4
1
9
17
0
88
103
225
200
0
158
257
512
504
0
1
2
5
10
0
647
10 1375
784
31
616 1431
18
396
533
207
646
84
194
9
3
5
20
4
1
G25
403
296
842
376
342
229
145
325
154
159
3 65
204
683
387
309
884
368
163
2
2
39
163
74
16
4
5
14
1
9
42 2693 1458
49
1287 2794
78
76
142
29
7
12
218
Catechumens
Catechists & Evangelists
1
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Native Pastors
8
2
2
0
0
1
0
5
Girls’ Schools
Sisters
12
6
9
0
1
0
4
School­
Brethren
10
7
7
1
3
3
5
in the year
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
I e i
Non-Com mu nicants
282
11
2
3
1
1
2
' 3
MISSION STATIONS
Present ('burcli-Wemliers
Communicants
826
231
2 50
0
35
22
70
12
2
3
2
1
2
4
OF
Number of Church-Members
1st January 1884
78
3
19
0
0
19
23
1834
1845
1854
1872
1876
1845
1870
NAM ES
bap­
0
0
0
0
162
66
28
0
29
0
8
Schools
Number of Converts
tized during 1884
Total of Pupils under
instruction
?»
c.
83
.. e
a, ®
"o ~
C sj
0J
£ ^
— £
Heathen
Boarding
C o n g r e g a t io n s
Vernacular
Christian
Schools
Established
Schools
for Mission
Agents
Heathen Vernacular Boys’
Schools
Agents o f the Mission
Native Agents
European
Mission­
aries
1885.
Children
1st J A N U A R Y
I. Cañara— Coorg
M a n g a l o r e ...................................
M u l k y ..........................................
U d a p v ..........................................
K a r k a l ..........................................
K undapur— Basrur . . . .
H o n o r é ..........................................
M e r c a r a ..........................................
1
0
0
II. South-Mahratta
D l i a r w a r ..........................................
H u b ly .................................................
B ettig erry..........................................
G u le d g u d ..........................................
B i j a p u r ..........................................
1837
1839
1841
1851
1885
111. Malabar
C a n n a n o r e ...................................
T e l l i c h e r r y ...................................
C a l i c u t .........................................
C o d a c a l ..........................................
P a l g h a u t .........................................
1841
1839
1849
1842
1857
1858
8
0
0
24 1497
7 687
1 5 1081
48
0
54
0
62
0
265
5
*
1
0
3
6
0
151
505
SO
*> !
16
14
IV . Nilgiri
K a i t y ............................‘ .
.
.
K o t a r g ir i ..........................................
3
Total o f 1 st January 1884 .
Decrease during 1884 . . .
Increase
ditto
. . .
0
0
0
* Stations and European Staff o f labourers are corrected up to the 25th of March 1885.
t There are besides eight Sunday-Schools with 441 Sundny-Scholars,
14
0
4
0
0
10
17
4
64
86
1 4 !)
5
0
198
108
0
30G
2
80
19
114
213
5
224 4447
105
7980 4302
137
3785
8224
388
4330
171
7715 4150
190
3640 7 9 8 0
353
0
66
0
0
53
0
0
0
117
0
265
152
0
145
244
35
0
2
0
28
0
51
European Missionaries
o f the Basel German Evangelical Mission.
Corrected up to the 25 th March 1885.
[The letter (m.) after the names signifies: “ married” , and the letter (w.) “ widower” .
The names o f unordained Missionaries are marked by an asterisk.]
N am e
1. E. Diez (m.)
N a tiv e
C ou n try
D a t e of
A c t iv e
S e r v ic e
Station
Germany
1851
Mangalore
2. F. Kittel (m.)
do.
1853
Dharwar
3. J. Lauffer (m.)
do.
1856
Cannanore (Chowa)
4. J. F. A. Männer (m.)
do.
1857
Mangalore
1859
Karkal
5. R . Hartmann (m.)
Switzerland
6. W . Stokes (m.)
India
1860
Udapy
7. J. F. Müller (ra.)
Germany
1861
Kaity
do.
1862
Dharwar
8. F. Ziegler (m.)
9. Th. Digel (m.)*
do.
1864
Honoré
10. J. Knobloch (m.)
do.
1865
Calicut
U . S . W alter (ra.)
Switzerland
1865
Tellicherry
12. F. Matthissen (m.)
Russia
1867
Calicut
13. Th. Elsässer (m.)*
Germany
1867
14. W . Schraolck (ra.)
do.
1869
15. H. Daimelhuber (m.)
do.
1869
Hubly
16. A. Brasche (in.)
do.
1869
Udapy
1870
Kotargiri
18. W .P .Schönthal (m.)* Germany
1870
Cannanore
19. G. Hirner (m.)*
1871
Mangalore
1871
Mulky
17. W . Sikemeier (m.)
20. J- Hafner (m.)
Holland
do.
Chombala
do.
Switzerland
21. W .H a sen wandel(m.) Germany
1871
Bettigerry •
22. J. F. Veil (in.)
do.
1872
M ercara
23. C. Feuchter*
do.
1873
Calicut
24. J. Layer (m.)
do.
1873
M angalore
1874
Guledgud
25. G. Grossmann (m .)f
t On his way to India.
Switzerland
4
N am e
26. R . Schenkel (in.)
N a tiv e
C ou n try
Germany
D a te of
A c t iv e
S e r v ic e
S tation
1874
Mercara
Mangalore
’ do.
1874
28 . J. B. Yeil (m.)*
do.
1875
Mercara
29. W . Lütze (m.)
do.
1875
Bettigerry
27. C. Pfleiderer (m.)*
30. L. Gengnagel (m.)
do.
1875
Kundapur-Basrur
31. A. Ruhland (m.)
do.
1876
Palghaut
32 . C. G. Eble (m.)
do.
1876
Mulky
33. M. Hoch (m.)
Switzerland
1876
M angalore
34. E. G. Halbrock*
Germany
1-876
Calicut
35. G. Benner (m.)*
do.
1877
36. H. Altenmüller (m.)*
do.
1878
37. J. K rapf (m.)*
Switzerland
1878
38. J. G. Kühnle (m.)
Germany
1878
do.
Mangalore
do.
Codacal
39. C. D. W arth (m.)
do.
1878
Bijapur
40 . J. Weismann (m.)
do.
1879
Cannanorc
41. Chr. Keppler (m.)
do.
1879
Udapy
42. J. J. Jaus (m.)
do
1879
Chombala
43 . J. F ieg (m.)*
do.
1879
Calicut
44 . H. Bachmann (m.)
Switzerland
1880
Palghaut
45 . W . Dilger (m.)
Germany
18 80
Tellicherry
4 6 . F. Stierlen (m.)*
do.
18 80
Mangalore
47 . F. Staib (m.)*
do.
1881
do.
4 8 . K . Ernst
do.
1881
Guledgud
49 . F . Fischer (m.)
do.
1881
Honoré
50 . F . Eisfelder
do.
1882
Hubly
51 . A. Spering
do.
1882
Kaitv
52 . H. Knittel
do.
1882
53. G. Francke*
do.
1883
Guledgud
Mangalore
54 . J. Grimm*
Switzerland
1883
Mercara
55. S. Limbach
Germany
1883
Dharwar
56 . C. Schaal
do.
1883
Tellicherry
57 . M. Schaible
do.
1883
Karkal
58. J. Funk*
do.
1884
Mangalore
D a te o f
A c t iv e
S e r v ic e
N a tiv e
C ou n try
N am e
S tation
Bettigerry
59 . B. Liithi
Switzerland
1884
60 . K . Hole
Germany
1884
Calicut
61. J. Rellsta!}*
Switzerland
1884
Cannanore
62. Miss L. Schmid
Germany
1884
Dharwar
do.
1884
Mangalore
late of Kotargiri
63. Miss L. Diez
At Home.
64. A . Biihrer (m.)
Switzerland
1842
65. C. Muller (m.)
Germany
1842
do.
Tellicherry
do.
1843
do.
Kaity
Cannanore
66. J. F. Metz
67. L. G. Hanhart (m.)
Switzerland
1857
do.
68. J. M ack (m.)
Germany
1858
do.
Hubly
do.
I8 6 0
do.
Bettigerry
69. J. J. Thumm (m.)
70. J. B. Graeter (m .)f
do.
1863
do.
Mangalore
71. G. Ritter (m.)
do.
1869
do.
Udapy
72. J. W elsch (m.)
do.
1871
do.
Guledgud
73. C. Hiittinger (m.)*
do.
1871
do.
Mangalore
74. P. Ott (m.)
do.
1871
do.
"Mulky
75. W . Eübling (m .)f
do.
1871
do.
Honoré
Chombala
76. G. W agner (w.)
do.
1872
do.
77. J. Hermelink (m .)f
do.
1872
do.
Kotargiri
1873
do.
M angalore
78. R . Ilauri (m.)* f
Switzerland
79. J. Ostermeyer (m.)*
Gennany
1873
do.
Calicut
80. J. Baumann (m.)
Switzerland
18 74
do.
M angalore
8 1 . E. Liebendôrfer (m.) Germany
1875
do.
Tellicherry
82. J. Frohnmeyer (m .)f
do.
1876
do.
Calicut
83. J.Knausenberger(m .)
do.
1878
do.
Udapy
Pensioned in India.
84. H. A . K aundinya(m .) j India
t On their way to Europe.
| 1851
|late o f Anandapur
AM not worthy of the least of Thy mercies and of all
’fff’the truth, which Thou hast shewed unto Thy servant.”
Y This prayer of Jacob we adopt for ourselves, when we look
back 011 the history of the past fifty years since the establish­
ment of our Mission, which dates from the 30th of October
1834, the date of the arrival of its first pioneers at Mangalore.
When we consider how “ God our Saviour, who will have
all men to be saved and to come unto the knowledge of the
truth,” brought public opinion through the Parliament of
England to bear on the Honorable East-India Company so
as to enforce their throwing open India to the Evangelical
Missionary in 1833, how He inclined the hearts of the Fathers
of our Society to begin work on the Wes't Coast of India,
how He during the space of fifty years provided some speci­
ally gifted and prominent men to impress their stamp on the
work, how He prepared and raised up benefactors in India to
advise our brethren and to support the work by their Christian
example, moral influence and gifts, and how He acknowledged
the labours of His servants by manifold and rich blessings,
then we feel forced to say: “ Bless the Lord, 0 my soul: and
all that is within me, bless His holy name.
Bless the Lord,
0 my soul, and forget not all His benefits.”
At the same time
we grieve over all our sins and shortcomings; and whilst we are
forced to exclaim “ Enter not.into judgment with Thy servant,
for in Thy sight shall no man living be justified” , we wish to
glorify Him as our Lord, “ who forgiveth all our iniquities;
who healeth all our diseases; who redeemeth our life from de­
struction ; who crowneth us with loving kindness and tender
mercies.” Mangalore being the head-quarters of our Missiou,
the Jubilee was especially celebrated there, and we refer our
readers to that Station for an account of it.
The joy of our fiftieth anniversary was greatly moderated,
and to some extent marred, through the unexpected resigna­
tion on the 21st of June 1884 of our late Principal (Inspector),
the jRev. 0. Schott, whom many of our friends might have heard
of from his tour of inspection in 1880-81 (see lleport 1880,
p. 80 ff.). We give his own words of farewell, being in­
tended also for our readers, which we quote from the Mis­
sionary Messenger (Der Evangelische Heidenbote), August 1884,
No. 8.
“ I am now taking leave of my readers in the capacity o f editor
o f the
Messenger ( Heidenbote).
I
sent in
my resignation, as
already stated at the last Mission festival (at Basel).
In spite o f
my personal attachment to this Mission, I am o f opinion that the
(Clerical) Mission ought to be separated from commerce and industry*.
It is evident that these views must affect the principles o f govern­
ment, and consequently cause an antagonism between myself, the
Inspector, and the Committee.
To avoid this, I have resigned.
I
abstain from entering minutely into this subject, as I dislike to
show my differences to the friends o f the Mission.
*H e means thereby the Mercantile Mission-Branch
and the
Industrial
Mission Establishments on a larger scale, “ Gross-Industrie” , excluding, however,
our older Industrial Establishments, which resemble more Industrial Schools
in other Missions. (Bericht uber die Christl. Jaliresfeste in Basel, 1884, p. 49.)
W hen I look upon the past 9 years, 5 o f which 1 spent as
Principal, I am conscious o f shortcomings and sins.
between myself and the Lord.
These are
Before men I may say that the
Lord has mercifully accepted and blessed my services.
to Him.
Praise be
To the friends o f the cause o f Mission I tender my hearti­
est thanks, assuring them that the work, which
has the glori­
ous aim o f proclaim ing the Gospel to all nations, and to which I
was permitted to devote my energies at Basel, shall never cease to
be a source o f enjoyment to m e.”
In sp .
Schott.
Just about the time when his successor (the Rev. Mr.
Oehler) entered upon his onerous duties at Basel, our late
Principal, the Rev. Joseph Josenhans, was called to his eternal
rest on the 25th of December 1884. He is known in India
through his tour of inspection in 1851-52, which is described
in the Report for 1852. His resignation in June 1879, was
duly reported. We give, at the close of our Report, a short
sketch of the life of that remarkable man, to whom our
Mission is greatly indebted.
We are most happy to report that on the 18th of December
1884, just before the close of the last eventful year, our new
Principal, the Rev. Theodor Oehler, arrived in Basel. We
extract a few lines from the leading article of the Missionary
Messenger for January 1885, penned by Mr. Oehler himself:
“ The office of Principal to a Mission, as well as mission-work itself
are quite new to me.
This being the case, I consider my chief
calling at present to be merely that o f a learner.
I do not enter on
my office with thoughts o f innovation or plans o f improvement, but
with the firm resolution to get familiar with the principles which, no
doubt, have mostly been approved by experience, and to go on steadily
in the track pursued till now by the Basel Mission.
This shall o f
course not prevent ray trying to keep my eyes open for such im prove­
ments and changes, which persons fam iliar with the work consider
necessary, either on account o f the nature o f the thing, or which may
be caused by a change o f circumstances.
Concerning the much
9
agitated question about trade and industry, I am o f opinion that
it refers to circumstances about which persons, not minutely inform ed,
cannot arrive at a correct judgm ent.
They will do best to abstain
from giving an opinion. I dare say all may agree that the aforesaid
establishments, which sprang into existence ow ing to a clear want
which made itself felt on the Mission field, must at any rate be
justified during the stated time for the development o f the Mission
work,
nay they may be considered nearly necessary.
To say,
whether this time has elapsed or no, even well versed men may be
o f different opinion........................... A s far as I can see, the question
at issue is not so important at present that a final decision favouring
this or that view must be arrived a t................................And now I send
the readers o f the M essenger, and the fellow -labour ers and fr ie n d s o f
our Mission my brotherly salutation.
W e stand in a followship o f
work and prayer, o f faith and love.
M ay the God o f all grace
cause it to be fruitful for the work we do, and for the salvation
o f our souls.”
Let us now proceed to review shortly the work of the
past year.
1. Beginning with the Congregations, there is to be noted a
total increase of 244 souls since 1883, which brings their
number up to 8224 souls.
Of these 4302 are Communicants.
Through Heathen baptisms 105 (viz. 76 adults and 29 children)
new members were added. The remainder (139) is due to
an excess of births (362) over deaths (159), and other losses
(64). District Mission Festivals were held at Calicut and at
Dharwar, but Mangalore had the privilege of celebrating the
fiftieth anniversary of its founding on the 30th of October 1884.
At the same time the Native Presbyters met for the different
District Synods.
The week o f prayer, held always in the
first week of the year (6th to 12th January 1884), was kept up by
most of our churches; also a day o f humiliation (21st of Septem­
ber 1884). The Holy Supper is being administered, according
to the number of the Congregation, from three to six times
2
10
a year. As our Mission extends over a large area, and com­
prises different nationalities, we find it difficult to give a
general picture of the spiritual state of our Churches. There
is no doubt that they gradually grow in grace. On the other
hand we must observe that we have reason to grieve over the
indifference displayed here and there by old church-members
towards new comers, which looked very much, as if they had
said: “ We do not care whether you are saved, or not” .
We long for an outpouring of the Spirit of God on our
Churches that all may experience the power of grace in their
hearts, and feel stirred up to give witness of their experiences
to the Heathen around them.
|of Schools
\ Number
2. As regards our Schools, we subjoin a list giving the
necessary statistics for the year under review:
P ro v in ce s
Ganara
24
S.M ah- Mala­
ratta
bar
Pupils
N ilgiri
Males
Fe­
males
_
24
—
—
44
Seminary
1
Evangelists’ Sehool
1
Middle Schools
2
Normal Schools
4
4
13
21
—
31
7
Orphanages
8
' 219
106
144
85
284
270
—
4
23
—
24
_
—
-
—
21
4
44
Total
4
38
554*
P arochial Schools
28
533
86
318
—
519
418
937
T ernacular
„
28
135
345
413
221
1030
84
1114
Anglo-V ern.
-
1405
5
1410
78
87
165
157
157
„
10
303
93
1014
Infants’ School
3
89
—
76
—
Heath. Girls’ Sch.
7
104
-
53
-
-
92
1434
306
3419
Total
647
2060
* Of these 170 boys and 200 girls are boarders.
1028
44 4 7 f
+ Sunday-SchoolB excluded.
3.
Preaching: to the Heathen. We are glad to state, that
this has this year been carried on with fervour and energy.
It shows an appreciation of our preaching on the part of the
Heathen, when they consider the shed, where the Missionary
and his assistants are preaching, to belong as much to their
11
festival, as the booths in which eatables and other articles are
being sold. The generally friendly bearing of the non-Christian
population towards the messengers of peace, their inviting
them to their houses, their encouraging their visits, and the
confidence with which they seek for spiritual information is
most encouraging.
From year to year the gradual awakening
of the people is becoming more palpable, and the desire of
the female population both of the higher and lower castes, to
hear something about that wonderful religion, which is being
made known from house to house, is remarkable. As far as
the reservedness, which through long usage has become a
binding law on the females of India, permits, they are most
eager in trying to catch something or other of what is being
said.
To this class of women we were long wishing to open
a female agency in order to bring the Gospel nearer them.
Therefore we gladly welcomed the generous offer made by the
British and Foreign Bible Society in the course of 1884 that
they were willing to pay for a number of Bible- Women.
Several stations have availed themselves of this offer, as
will be seen under the heads of Mangalore, Guledgud, Tellicherry, Chombala and Calicut. We seize upon this opportu­
nity to thank the British and Foreign Bible Society for their
enabling us to take up this important branch of work.
Our thanks are equally due to the Madras Auxiliary Bible
Society for placing a number of Bible-Colporteurs at our dis­
posal, whose duty it is to sell Portions of Scripture, New
Testaments and Bibles.
We mention under this head a polemic pamphlet written
by a Mohammedan against Christianity.
Under “ Calicut”
farther details will be found.
4.
The Agents of the Mission have scarcely increased
during last year.
12
There are now 95 Christian School-masters or 6 more than
in 1883. The number of non-Christian Teachers (61) has
remained stationary.
Of Christian Schoolmistresses 26 are
employed (against 27 in 1883).—The monthly locql meetings
of the Christian Teachers of each station, towards improving
themselves, have taken place regularly. The district meetings
were held in 1884 in Mangalore and at Chombala.
The number of Native Pastors (7) is the same as in 1883;
some of them have aged very much. There are now 88 Catechists and Evangelists, or 3 more than in 1883. Also this year
we have not been spared the painful duty of reporting that
one of our long standing and very able Catechists of 30 years’
service has been found unworthy of his high calling.
The monthly local gatherings of our Native Assistants have
taken place regularly and District meetings have been held
in Mangalore and Tellicherry.
Of European Agents there are at the time of our going
into print 43 Ordained Missionaries and 18 Lay-Brethren.
There are now 46 Missionaries’ wives most of whom, be­
sides their own special duties, are regularly engaged in the
supervision of the sale of books, containing portions of Scrip­
ture, New Testaments, Bibles, Books and Tracts, of Infants’
Schools, of Industrial Schools, of needle- and fancy-work
classes, of the housekeeping and economical management of
Orphanages, and of the tailoring for our orphan boys. Be­
sides those of them, who have mastered the Native languages,
visit the sick Christian women and children of the different
parishes and their non-Christian female neighbours, which
latter work has received a new stimulus through the em­
ployment of Bible-women, the superintendence of whom is
entrusted to them also.
Two School-mistresses, who have lately arrived from Europe,
will devote their whole time to the education of girls.
13
Several of our Missionaries and their wives were poorly
and even very sick; the Lord most mercifully spared us all.
We have, however, been startled by the sudden death of
Mr. Roth whilst at Dharwar. We are also sorry to record the
death of a former Indian Missionary’s widow.
Particulars
will be found in the Obituary at the close of this Report.
We desire to thank Deputy Surgeon General J. M. Joseph
and Dr. SerMs in Cannanore, Dr. Cook in Calicut, Dr. Lee
and Dr. Thomas in Mangalore, and Dr. D. Cardoz in Gadag
(Bettigerry), for their gratuitous help to different sick members
of our Mission.
There left f o r Europe: On the 16th of February 1884 Mr.
Ostermeyer and family, ou the 28th of March Mr. & Mrs.
Hanhart, and Mr. Wagner and child, and on the 30th of March
Mr. Ritter and family, Mr. Ott and family, and Mr. Baumann
and family. In January 1885 Mr. Hauri and family, in
February 1885 Mr. Frohnmeyer and family, in March 1885
Mr. & Mrs. Niibling, Mr. Graeter and family, Mr. Hermelink
and family and Mrs. Roth.
The following were permitted to return: Mr. & Mrs. Kittel
and Mr. & Mrs. Walter on the 14th of January 1884, Mr. &
Mrs. Liitze on the 21st of November 1884, and Mr. & Mrs.
Sikemeier on the 2nd of March 1885.
We have had the following reinforcements: Mr. J. Funk
for Mangalore, on the 14th of January 1884; Mr. B. Lilthi for
Bettigerry, on the 15th of October; Mr. K . Hole for Chombala,
on the 20th of October; Mr. J. Rellstab for Cannanore, on
the 24th of November; Miss Schmid for. Dharwar, on the 21st
of November; and Miss Diez for Mangalore, on the 23rd of
November 1884.
The following are expected to arrive shortly: Mr. & Mrs.
Grossmann, accompanied by Miss Fieg, engaged to Mr. Ernst,
and Miss Hauff, engaged to Mr, Eisfelder.
14
The transfers since the last Report are the following:
Mr. Stokes was transferred from Kaity to Udapy; Mr. Digel
from Mangalore to Honoré; Mr. Matthissen from Tellicherry
to Calicut; Mr. Daimelhuber from Bettigerry to Hubly; Mr.
Warlh from Guledgud to Bijapur; Mr. Jans from Calicut to
Chombala;
Mr. Dilger from Nettoor to Tellicherry Town;
Mr. Stierlen from Cannanore to Mangalore; Mr. Spering from
Udapy to Kaity; Mr. Knittel from Dharwar to Guledgud;
Mr. Schaal from Chombala to Tellicherry; Mr. Mole from
Chombala to Calicut.
5.
Extention of work. Since the beginning of this year
our Brethren in South-Mahratta have opened a new Station
at Bijapur.
We have begun operations in the Nizam’s Domi­
nions by opening two Schools.
station in Coorg also.
ready been mentioned.
It is intended to found a new
The work of the Bible-women has al­
I. C A Ñ A R A
(Smth-Cmara, North-Ccma/ra, and Goorg).
M A N G A LO RE.
Out-Stations : Jeppu, Bokapatna, Bolma, Kasargod, Bekal,
Eavaneshvara, Hosadurg.
I.
Clerical Part.
Rev. A. Manner, in charge o f the Congregation.
Rev. E. Diez, |
Rev. M. Hoch, }
» «
Catechists’ Seminary.
Rev. J. Layer,
„
„
Anglo-Vernacular School.
Miss L. Diez, Brahman G irls’ School, studying Canarese.
Native Pastor
Rev. Sebastian Furtado
Catechists
Israel Aaron, Samuel Andrea,
Abraham Heri, Christanuja Watsa, Daniel Andrea,
Gabriel Almanda, Albert Bangera, Bartholom Settia,
Joshua Joshua.— Satyarthi Kaundinya.
Christian Schoolmasters
Jacob Ammanna, Joshia Karat, Albert Vartika,
Samuel Soens, Paul Bangera, David Bunyan, Immanuel
Karkada, Joel Soens, Stephan Jatanna, Gabriel Hermon,
Israel Jattanna, Aquila Muttu.
Colporteur, Joshua Joshua.
Bible-Woman, Sophia Heri.
Christian Schoolmistresses
Martha Kotyanna, Martha Cecilia, Soens,
Julia Manakaden, Tabitha Theodor, Sophia Titus, Lydia Mitra,
Margaret Soens, Charlotte Menez.
16
Heathen Schoolmasters
T. Vittala Rao, f
. a
, A. Padmandbha, f . a .} K . Subba Rao,
M. Subba Rao, A. Manjunatha, Venkataramana, Dasappa.
European staff of Labourers. Mr. Graeter and family, owing
to bad health, left for Europe on the 24th of March 1885.
We regret to lose, though temporarily, his services and hope
he will be spared to take up his former work.
Miss Diez
joined the Station on the 23rd of November 1884.
The Congregation numbers now 1534 baptized Christians,
Jeppu (174) and Bokapatna (133) being included. In the other
Out-stations there are 71 Christians, or 1605 adherents in all.
The increase of 108 souls since last year, is due to 24
baptisms of Heathen, a large surplus of births over deaths
(by 59), and immigrations of Christian families from the district,
who came seeking for work.
The Congregation is in charge
of Mr. Männer, assisted by Mr. Furtado, who has the
pastoral care of Jeppu, and three Catechists. The Church
Services are in T llIu and occasionally also in Canarese.
In
the Catechists1 Seminary there are alternate Malayalam and
Canarese Sunday Services, which were held by Messrs. Diez,
Graeter and Hoch.
The same also conducted regular Divine
Services for the English Congregation at St. Paul’s, except
on those Sundays, when the Chaplain from Mercara officiated.
Our Congregation, the oldest and largest in our Mission,
had the privilege of commemorating the fiftieth anniversary
of the arrival of the Rev. Messrs. Hebich, Greiner and Lehner,
the first pioneers of our Mission, which event took place on' the
30th of October 1834.
Most of our Missionaries, as well as
deputations from the different Stations and Out-stations from
the Canara and Coorg Districts, had come in to join us on the
occasion.
Our Shänti Church was very tastefully decorated
and well attended by happy faces.
There were prayer-meet-
17
ings, addresses and sacred music expressive of the feelings
of gratitude, humiliation and joy befitting such a day. It would
lead us too far, did we attempt to enter into details.
addresses, however, ought to be mentioned.
A few
The Congregation
drew up an address to our Home-Committee in Basel, thanking
them for the light of the Gospel, and the blessings of education
and civilization following in its train.
Our Home-Committee,
whilst appreciating this acknowledgment, impressed us in their
answer, never to forget that only as far as we seek the Kingdom
of God and His righteousness, so far also we shall become
partakers of temporal blessings. Otherwise the helping hand,
they have stretched out by creating Industrial Establishments,
might become a snare, as it would foster only formal Chris­
tianity and hypocrisy.
Thanks were also rendered to the local supporters of the
Mission in connexion with a service of song, attended by the
English residents of the place.
The names of Mr. Findlay
Anderson, Mr. H. M. Blair, Mr. F. N. Maltby, Mr. W. Stokes,
Mr. A. N. Shaw, Mr. O. Casamajor, Mr. L. Strange, Mr. H.
V. Conolly, General G. W- Walker, Sir W. Robinson, General
G. S. Bobbie, The Honorable H. S. Thomas, Mr. J. Elphinston
and others were gladly remembered in connexion with the foun­
dation of new Stations or the support of old ones.
At the same time a number of Native gentlemen present­
ed an address, in which they thankfully acknowledged the
benefits which accrued to this town through the labour of
our Missionaries since 1835, mentioning especially the open­
ing of an Anglo-Vernacular School in 1839, the Printing Press,
different Industrial Establishments, and so on. Mr. Graeter,
as the President of our Mission in India, and in behalf of our
Missionaries, thanked them for the kind expression of appre­
ciation of the benefits, which our Brethren intended to bestow
on the inhabitants of this country, and wished to impress
3
18
upon the minds of the memorialists, that our Mission has a
deeper and higher aim than that of merely being “ a Mission
of usefulness” , namely to teach Jesus Christ as the Saviour of
the world, and concluded with the wish: “ May the second half
of the century lead you to see Jesus Christ, the Sun of Righ­
teousness, in His full glory and power.”
We trust the fruits of this fiftieth anniversary will be of
a lasting spiritual character.
We have to mention the following Parish School's:
The Boys’ Parochial School at Balmatta had 96 boys on
the rolls, and 83 per cent daily attendance. It numbers now
87 pupils.
The Girls’ Parochial School at Balmatta had 95 girls on
the rolls and 77-5 per cent daily attendance. There are now
102 pupils.
The higher division with 12 girls has made
satisfactory progress in English.
We hope some of them
will qualify themselves as teachers.
The mixed Parochial School at Nireshwalya (17 boys and
13 girls, of whom 12 and 9 respectively are Heathen), at
Bokapatna (19 boys, and 4 girls, 10 of whom are Heathen) and
Jeppoo (30 pupils, of whom 10 are Christian boys and 9 Chris­
tian girls), or 83 pupils in all, had a daily attendance of 81,
70 and 89 per cent respectively.
The needle-work of the girls
in the different Schools was superintended by Mrs. Manner,
Mrs. Digel, Mrs. Altenmüller, and Mrs. HaurL
The Infants’ School was attended by 43 boys and 46 girls,
and the Sunday-School by 113 pupils. The former is super­
vised by Mrs. Hirner and Mrs. Hoch, and the latter by Mr.
Altenmüller.
The Anglo-Vernacular School at Mangalore is under Mr.
Layer’s charge. The Canarese division numbers 68 boys and
34 girls, of whom 5 and 1 respectively are Christians, and the
English division 207 pupils, 34 of whom are Christians.
There
10
was a slight falling off in numbers, compared with last year,
owing to rival schools and an increase of scliool-fees.
Mrs.
Layer superintends a needle-work class.
Schools for Heathen children are as follows:
On the Hindu Girls’ Sshool much attention has been bestowed.
Mrs. Diez, Mrs. K rapf and Mrs. PJleiderer have taken a share
in teaching and needle-work.
To ensure, however, more con­
tinuous and regular supervision, the services of Miss Goodchild
from May to October, and of Mrs. Blandford for November
and December had been secured. It is intended in the course
of the ensuing year to place the School in charge of Miss Diez.
This year the English residents and Native gentlemen
were invited to witness the public distribution of Christmaspresents.
Mr. Best kindly presided, and Mr. Graeter ques­
tioned the girls on the Christmas Gospel and read the Report.
The prominent attention Bible teaching received on this
occasion, showed our friends and supporters that we consid­
er it as the sine qua non of a sound education, and that we
did not smuggle in Christianity uuder this plea. Although
the upright avowal of this Christian principle met with ac­
knowledgment by some, there were others who disapproved of
paying such attention to the Gospel.
The Anglo-Vernacular School at Bekal (34) and the A. V.
School at Hosadurg (62) afford instruction to 96 pupils, of
whom 4 are Christian boys, 2 Christian and 2 Heathen girls.
The work done in both these Schools begins to be appreciated
by the people, although opposition and a rival school at
Hosadurg, which took away some boys from the higher classes,
had to be contended with.
The above mentioned Schools are supervised by Mr. Hock.
We now proceed to the Catechists’ Ssminary.
The new
school-year 1884-85 began on the 12th of May. We left the
Seminary, which had been temporarily roofed in since the fire
3*
20
on the 25th of March 1883, and put up in one of our Mission
"bungalows.
The old building was then pulled down, and on
the 2nd of August 1884 the foundation-stone of a new build­
ing was laid. On the 6th of January 1885, being Epiphany,
the Seminary could be warmed. This was. done in a most
unpretentious, quiet manner.
the moment.
All of us felt the solemnity of
Being conscious that the prosperity of our
Mission-Church depends on the sound faith and doctrine of
the teachers, and on the regeneration of those, who study
for the ministry, earnest wishes were expressed, and fervent
prayers offered up to the Lord on the occasion that He may
graciously rule this house, work in its inmates by His Holy
Spirit, and keep us evermore from heresy, hypocrisy and
spiritual death.
The Seminary has been under the charge of Messrs.Graet&r,
Diez, and Hoch. Cat. Christanuja, besides taking his share of
teaching, superintends the studies and supplies the wants of
the students.
There are four classes.
The lessons given last
year were as follows: Introduction into the Bible, Exegesis of
the Old and New Testaments, Dogmatics, Symbolics, Homiletics,
Catechization, Hindu Classics, English, Greek, Sanskrit,
besides Singing, both of European and Native tunes. To
this is to be added preaching to the Heathen, practised either
weekly in the bazaar, or during excursions into the district.
The disputations, which will be mentioned further on, afford
them an opportunity to see, how a religious enquiry may be
conducted in a friendly spirit and in a dignified manner. They
also enable them to become acquainted with the chief points
of dispute and with the way, how to refute arguments by the
Scriptures, how to keep the point at issue constantly in view,
and how to bring home the truth to the heart of an opponent.
Many of us, while at College, would have highly appreciated
such practical lessons.
In the course of the year a friend of
21
ours, himself a member of the “ Blue Ribbon Army” , began
to advocate the cause of total abstinence in our midst.
Since then there were regular monthly meetings in our Semi­
nary. Several of our Christians and some students enlisted
as members, the latter asserting that now and then they had
been invited to partake of ardent spirits, and that taking the
pledge helped them to resist temptation.
The first class composed of four young men, one of whom is
a married man, were examined from the 1st to the 4th of April
1884; two of them were ordained as Catechists at Mangalore
on the 6th of April, and two at Calicut on the 27th of April 1884.
The oral examination of the whole Seminary was held on the
5th of April 1884.
One sickly student was sent home,
one had to be dismissed, another losing heart took leave
for a time, whereas a young man, who had left us through
self-will, was after a searching trial re-admitted.
We thus
close the year with 24 students.
Bazaar Preaching in Mangalore was, the weather permitting,
carried on once a week in the Canarese and Tulu languages.
There were besides two weekly religious discussions in our
English School, one intended for Mohammedans and the other
for Hindus.
These are preceded by native singing, prayer
and a short sermon, after which the discussion begins, Mr.
Graeter generally presiding; the meeting is then closed by
singing and prayer.
Occasional attempts at idle wrangling
and casual outbursts of acrimoniousness, anger or impoliteness
excepted, our opponents met us always with due respect.
The questions put by the Hindus were mostly of a general
character, now and then however they pointed to deeper
thinking, or that the questioner owed his information to neologistic writings.
Our Mohammedan friends, however, for since
about a year, have been not only attending as regular dispu­
tants, but they also proceeded more systematically.
They
22
singled out a number of passages from the Old and New Testa­
ments, commonly considered among Mohammedans as prophecies
about Mohammed, and tried to strengthen their arguments
either by the Bible, or the Koran and its commentators.
In
order to shake our position, they stated that they acknowledge
a Gospel or Injeel, but not the Injeel, in use among Christians.
This was adulterated, as they tried to show by mentioning a
number of critical questions, the nature of which showed that
they were more or less acquainted with the results of a criti­
cism inimical to revealed religion. They had, however, to admit
at last the genuineness of our Gospels.
The enquiries were
most minute, and each position was defended most tenaciously,
with a good deal of ingenuity and even sophistry.
We hope
a spirit of enquiry and thirst after truth will spring up in
our hearers.
As to Itinerancy, Messrs. Graeter, Hoch and Diez, ac­
companied by the students of the Seminary, visited Manjeshvara, Vitla, Gurpur, Mudabidri and Bantval.
Mr. Layer made several excursions.
Mr. Digel and
Mr. Männer visited
Kumbla, Kasargod, Bekal and Hosadurg, and Mr. Hoch made
a longer preaching tour to Subrahmanya, Sulya, Hosadurg,
Bekal, Kasargod and Kumbla.
Two Bible-Women, superintended by Mrs. Layer, began
their work about the middle of the year.
II. Printing Press and Book & Tract Depository.
Mr. G. Hirner, Printing Press.
Mr. J. Krapf, Book & Tract D epository.
The Press is under the management of Mr. Hirner, who
has taken pains to secure its acknowledged typographical
efficiency.
23
The Book & Tract Depository is under the charge of
Mr. Krapf. It is the editing firm of our own Books and Tracts
and of some School-books.
These are retailed in some 21
Branch-Depots and by 8 Colporteurs, paid by the Mission.
SALE OF BOOKS AND TRACTS
from the 1st July 1883 to the 30th June 1884.
1. Our own Publications.
As.
P.
956
5
5
843
64
3175
6
9
5
5
4
2529
6
9
835
2169
2
0
13
3
10
9
Es.
29832 Copies of Canarese Religious Books
22053
„
Malayalam
,
„
697
Tulu
„
„
12376
„
Canarese School-books etc.
14002
„
Malayalam
do.
2320
17623
„
„
Other Languages
Government Books, Canarese
5544
1944
„
„
do.
do. Malayalam 569
Sundry Publications
293
11
3
0
9650
14
6
21087
13
4
2. Other Publications.
27620 Copies
l34011
Copies for
L I S T OF B O O K S
Printed during the year 1884.
I. In CanareseEdition . Size.
Sabhàpatra, Y ol. X V I I ...................................
Copies. Pages. T ot.P ages.
700
192
"Who is T hy G o d ..........................................
T.
32°
6000
20
120000
"Where is Thy H om e........................................
T
32°
6000
24
144000
A Comparison o f Christian and Hindu Life
I.
12°
3000
72
216000
A Chronological Digest of the Histy. o f India IV.
12°
4000
120
480000
W hat is in the Y ë d a s ? ............................
First Book o f Lessons (Madras Govt.)
Minor Canarese Poetical A nthology
W hat are the Planets?
.
............................
8°
134400
I.
12°
3000
60
180000
X I.
18°
10000
67
670000
IV .
16°
3000
151
453000
I.
16°
1200
37
44400
24
W hat causes E clip se s?...................................
Edition. Size. Copies. Pages Tot.PageB.
T.
16°
24000
1200
20
Stars and C o m e t s ..........................................
The W onders o f the Heavens .
.
.
.
Christmas C a r o l ..........................................
Colenso’ s Arithmetic, Part I I I .
85
28800
76500
T.
32°
2000
24
48000
T.
12°
1200
33
39600
12°
4000
54
216000
(do.)
IY .
12°
20000
59
118000
Cook’ s Prim er o f Mensuration (do.)
I.
12°
6000
82
492000
First Book o f Euolid
.
24
900
II.
Canarese Second Book
.
1200
16°
(Bom bay Govt.) .
Sanitary Prim er
.
16°
T
(do.)
Second Book o f Lessons (Madras Govt.)
Short Bible Stories (revised ed.)
.
.
I.
12°
3000
92
276000
X.
16°
3000
144
432000
T.
12°
8000
124
992000
5000 1362
6810000
C r. 16°
The Holy B ib le .................................................
The New Testament and Psalms .
16°
5000
398
1990000
The Book o f Proverbs & Ecclesiastes.
18°
5000
78
390000
The Gospel o f M a t t h e w ............................
18°
5000
84
420000
Do.
M a r k ...................................
18°
5000
55
275000
Do.
L u k e ...................................
18°
5000
92
460000
Do.
J o h n ...................................
Man’ s Revolt and .Restoration .
.
.
.
18°
. 5000
70
350000
T,
18°
10000
57
570000
T.
12°
1500
36
54000
Good W o r d s .................................................
8°
5000
108
540000
Alm anac for 1885 ..........................................
8°
5000
80
400000
Canarese P r i m e r ..........................................
143,900
11.
ln Malayalam.
Keralopakari, Vol. X I ............................
Third Book o f Lessons (Madras Govt.)
8°
600
232
139200
II.
12°
3000
108
324000
16°
2500
192
480000
11.
12°
3000
116
348000
School P a n c a t a n tr a m ............................
Short Bible Stories (revised ed.)
1,85,05,700
.
The two S h o p s ..........................................
T.
32°
4000
24
96000
The Story o f DhTrashirastran
I.
32°
4000
32
128000
X I.
16°
10000
67
670000
Second Book o f Lessons (Travancore Govt.) I I . Ry. 16°
10000
84
840000
465000
The First Book o f Lessons (Madras Govt.)
Arithmetic, Part I.
(do.)
II. CV.16°
5000
93
(do.)
II.
16°
5000
108
540000
The Book o f P s a l m s ...................................
Ry. 32°
5000
288
1440000
The Gospel o f L u k e ...................................
n 32°
8°
5000
136
680000
2800
80
224000
3000
157
Do
11.
A lm anac for 1885 ..........................................
Catechism of Malayalam Grammar (Madr. Govt.) IV . 18°
62,900
471000
68,45,200
111. In Tula.
Seleoted Bible S e n t e n c e s ............................
IV.
12°
500
124
62000
25
IV .
In Konkani.
The Gospel o f J o h n ................................... I.
V.
Edition.. Size. Copies. Pages. Tot.Pages.
252000
2000 126
16°
In English and Anglo- Vernacular.
The Teacher’s Handbook to the
8°
1000
66
66000
I.
8°
1500
66
99000
257500
First English Book, Anglo-Canarese II.
Do.
do
Anglo-M alayalam
English-M alayalam Dialogues
*
Tamil
„
.
.
.
II.
16°
2500
103
.
.
.
I.
16°
5000
126
630000
First English Book, Anglo-M alayalam
.
II.
16°
10000
68
680000
Second English
. III.
12°
5000
250
1250000
32°
5000
271
1355000
16°
212
58
1229g
8°
1200
103
123600
Book,
do.
The Gospel o f Luke, English and Malayalam
Key to Prof. Book’ s Anatom ical Models
.
I.
44th Report of the B. G. E. M. Society for 1883.
33,912
III.
47,87,396
Literary Department.
Under the above heading we give a short abstract of the
literary work done at our different Stations.
We are most happy to state that, after a good deal of
earnest and hard work, Mr. Kittel has completed the compila­
tion of the Canarese-English Dictionary, and begun with the
fair copy for the Press.
The printing of the Tulu-English Dictionary, edited by
Mr. Männer, has made slight progress.
T h e rev ision
o f the
Tulu New Testament c o u ld n o t b e
fu lly co m p le te d till th e en d o f 1 8 8 4 , as o r ig in a lly in ten d ed .
T o m eet th e m ost u rg e n t d em a n d , a sm a ll ed ition o f th e o ld
im p ression has been im m e d ia te ly b eg u n .
The
Canarese Almanac fo r 1885 b y Mr. Watsa, an d th e
Malayalam Almanac fo r 18 85 b y Mr. Matthissen, have b een
p u b lish e d .
The Canarese Monthly Illustrated Journal, “ Kreista Sabäpatra” (vol. xvii.) has been edited by Mr. Hoch and Mr.
Watsa, whereas the Malayalam Illustrated Monthly Periodical
4
26
“ Keralopakari” (vol. xi.) has been edited by Mr. Frohnmeyer
and Mr. G. T. Vurgese.
The following New Books and Tracts have been printed:
In Canarese:
Who is thy God ? by Mr. Gengnagel.
Where is thy Home ? by Mr. Gengnagel.
The Difference o f the L ife o f a Christian and o f a Hindu,
by Mr. L. Heri (already mentioned last year).
What is in the Vedas? by Mr. Watsa (see Report for 1883).
The Wonders o f the Heavens, containing “ What are the
PlanetsV' “ What causes Eclipses?” “ Stars and Comets,” trans­
lated from the English by Mr. Watsa. These can be had also
single.
Canarese Giristmas Carol, by Mr. Ramakrishna.
Short Bible Stories, by Mr. Ziegler and revised by a
Committee.
In Malayalam:
The two Shops, and The Story o f Dhvrashirastran, by Mr. Matthissen (see Report for 1883).
Short Bible Stories, revised by Mr. Frohnmeyer.
In Konkani: The Gospel o f St. John, The original, taken
from the New Testament printed in Konkani at Serampore
in 1819, has been transposed by Messrs. Furtado, Sathyarthi
and Shiva Rao into the dialect spoken at Mangalore.
This
tentative edition is printed through the kind help of the
Madras Auxiliary Bible Society.
IV. Industrial and Mercantile Establishments.
Mr. C. Pfleiderer, General Treasurer to the Mission.
Mr. H. Altenmuller, M ercantile M ission-Branch.
Mr. F. Stierlen, W eaving Establishment.
Mr. F. Staib, M echanical Establishment.
Mr. G. Franke, T ile-W ork s, Kudroli.
Mr. J. Funk,
„
Jeppu.
27
Mr. Funk arrived from Europe on the 23rd of Jannary.
Mr. Baumann and family left for Europe on the 30th of
March.
Mr. Grimm was transferred to Mercara on the 15th
of April. Mr. Stierlen joined this Station on the 22nd of
November to take charge of the Balmattha Weaving Establish­
ment. Mr. Hauri left with his family for Europe on the 22nd
of Jannary 1885.
Mr. Digel, after having devoted 20 years to
the prosperity of the Balmattha Weaving Establishment, has
left for Honore on the 27th January 1885, where he will take
up the post of travelling preacher.
The state of Mrs. Hauri’s
and Mrs. Pfleidcrer’s health was for a long time very critical,
but both are doing well again.
The Establishments under this head, including the Press
and the Book & Tract Depository, employ up to 800 persons,
of whom only 353 are Christians.
The Industrial Establishments have opened a Provident
Fund for invalids, and cases of sickness and accidents. Al­
though the subscription is compulsory, nearly all the work­
men welcomed the movement.
There are two Night Schools for the apprentices of the
Weaving and Mechanical Establishments, attended by 12 and
24 boys respectively.
28
M U L K Y.
Oilt-Stations:
Karnadu, U lya, Kadike.
U ch ilx, Term ala, Mulur.
K u ty a r , Kalatur.
Santur, T ellu r.
P a d u r, M allar, Perur, Nadambu.
M u n deru , Koditur.
Rev. J. Hafner, in charge o f the Congregation, O rphanage, & Outstations.
Rev. C. Eble,
„
„
Out-Stations, and Itinerant preaching.
Catechists
Mark Satis, Israel Eliezer,
ObedSumitra,
Jared Sowens,
Gabriel Bangera.— Nathan Smhitta, Joseph Yedamuttu.
Christian Schoolmasters
Jeremiah Sundara, David Bangera, Joshia Mabenna,
Benjamin Keiranna, Silas Adam, Joseph Sowens.
Christian Schoolmistresses
Lena Jeremiah, Dasi Anchan.
Heathen Schoolmaster, Vasudeva.
European Labourers. Mr. Hafner joined this Station on
the 25th of April, instead of Mr. Ott, who went to Europe
with his family for the benefit of his health.
The Congregation, through emigration, owing to the poverty
of the district, has decreased by 16 souls.
671 souls.
It numbers now
Three adults and four Heathen children were
baptized. Of the 45 Catechumens only a few are promising.
We gladly acknowledge that our Christians learn, though
slowly, to show their Native Pastors more confidence, to con­
tribute more readily towards the support of the Mission, and
to rely less on charity and more on their own exertion.
Want of regular work, we regret to say, exerts a somewhat
depressing influence on their energy, and forces some to emi­
29
grate to places, where work may be found. If the Lord would
favour us with the outpouring of His Spirit, our Christians
would feel urged on joyfully to show their spiritual life, ener­
gies and independance.
The Boarding School for orphan and destitute Gir.s
numbers G5; 18 boys and 12 girls, of whom 4 are Heathen,
attend the School as Day-scholars. Some of the boarders
enter in a starved and otherwise neglected condition. Reticency, lying, dishonesty, and light-mindedness, as also dulness,
are great obstacles in educating them.
We are therefore
thankful, when we see from time to time how their cha­
racter, as well as their store of useful knowledge, improves
gradually.
To their religious, moral and intellectual training
are added cooking, housekeeping, and needle-work; and as the
girls belong to the rustic population, all kinds of work on the
farm and in the field, which falls to the lot of women, is being
practiced. Mrs. Hafner has charge of the School, and is
assisted by Mrs. Eble.
Parish Schools. These are in Kadike (19), Santur (10),
Kutyar (15), Padur (30), Uchila (50), Munderu (12), attended
by 136 children.
Of these 43 boys and 28 girls are Christians,
and 64 boys and 1 girl are Heathen.
The poverty of our
Christians often interferes with the regular attendance of
their children.
Preaching to the Heathen. The change of labourers, the
care of the Station devolving for three months on Mr. Eble
alone, school-work and revision of the Tulu New Testament,
which engaged nearly all our Catechists, combined to hinder
us from devoting more time to this branch.
Yet we are
glad to report that Mr. Hafner (17), Mr. Eble (117), and
our Catechists (305) could devote 439 days (against 319 in
1883) to itinerancy.— The Heathen festivals in Koteshvara,
Hiriyadaka and Tibar were visited.
The newly opened Aveekly
30
market at Padedra(Padubidri) offers a welcome opportunity to
preach to the rustic population. Most of the time was spent in
visits from house-to-house, which were carried on by Mr. Eble
from Kadike, Toulachil and Kodilur.
He was assisted by
Cat. Gabriel and, for one month, by Mr. Schaible.
Daring the
second half of the year Mukha, Pavanja, Tokur, Kalapu, Kolnad,
Volanka, Sasihitalu, Hallangadi, Bhagira, Kadike, Kondala,
Katil, Tibar, Kotyar, Jakar and other places to the South and
South-east of this Station have been revisited, but, we are
sorry to say, this was for the first time since Mr. Ammann’s
demise in 18G6.
As we cannot find lodgings in native houses, we stay in a
tent, which is put up under the shadow of a large tree near
a village.
The tent and our music attract crowds, and afford
us a nice opportunity to preach the Word.
Mr. Eble relates an occurrence which testifies to the
amount of superstition in the district.
He says:
One o f our Christians killed a cobra and threw it into a forsaken,
waterless well.
W hen his neighbours learned o f it, they got so
incensed that they Boycotted him, which means they denied him every
kind o f help, as fire etc. Shortly after, I passed the well on my w ay
back to our tent, when I met a crowd o f people.
A man by means o f
a bam boo brought up the decayed serpent, and placed it on a piece
o f cloth.
Thereupon a Brahman wrapped it into it, placed it into
a basket, and carried it most solemnly to a place o f cremation in
order to be burned.
The cost o f such solemn obsequies is from
4 to 40 Rs., according to the means o f the person for whom they are
perform ed.
I f it happens that a dead cobra is found on som ebody;s
property, the owner is bound to discharge the expenses o f cremation,
including a funeral repast and a present in money to the Brahmans.
Non-com pliance is believed to
be visited by sickness and other
calamities.
A few places excepted, our Brethren were generally well
received. They regret that it is so difficult to make people,
31
who cannot read, understand, what the word sin really means.
When we speak of papa or karma they think we allude to
the different hardships of life, as the fruit or punishment of
sin, and can scarcely be brought to understand that every
breach of the law of God is, what incriminates man before
his Maker. As long as they do not understand and feel the
curse of sin, so long they will be indifferent to a Saviour. A cer­
tain Brahman in K., however, protested most insolently against
his being addressed as a sinner, and salvation being offered
by us to him.
Do not say “ nama papisteru adulla” , we are
sinners, including us the addressed ones in the same division
with you, the speakers; but say “ yenkulu papisteru adulla” ,
we are sinners, speaking only of yourselves,* excluding us.
U D A P Y.
Out-Stations:
Nidambur, Beilur, Perala, Badegottu, Kapettu, Korankradi,
Malapu, Bolja, TJdyavara.
Shirva, Buda, Ninjur, Palli, Kattingeri, Kudigram a, Bolle.
G u dde, Kap, Mandedi.
K attu p ad i, Koppala.
M ad am beil, Kalanja, Kurkal.
K a ly a n a p u r, Uppur, Tottara, Bolmara, Amunja.
Rev. A. Brasche, in charge o f the Station and the Schools.
Rev . W. Stokes,
„
„ Itinerancy & Out-stations.
Rev. C. Kepjpler,
„
„ the Congregation & Out-stations.
Native Pastors
Rev. Daniel Aaron, Rev. Diego Fernandez, Rev. Charles Gojar.
* In Tulu, a s / . i. in Tam il and M alayalam, the Personal Pronoun “ I ” has a
Double Plural, the one including the speaker and the persons spoken to, the
other referring to the speaker and his party only.
32
CateeMsts
Christian Mabemia, George Peter, Joshua Chovvallur,
Timothy Furtado, Benjamin Ponnon.— Benjamin Ananda,
Benjamin Kundara.
Colporteur, Sigfried.
Christian Schoolmasters
Peter Simon, Barnabas Joshua, Leonhard Suchitta,
Gottlob Somapriya, Benjamin Salyanna, David Karkada,
Elias Ananda,
William Fernandez,
Elisha Aaron.
Christian Schoolmistresses
Hanna Lcecklin, Dana Salins.
Staff of European Labourers. Mr. Ritter and family left in
March on furlough for Europe.
Mr. Stokes, late of Kaity,
was transferred in March 1885 to this Station, and Mr.
Spering to Kaity.
Congregation. Last year 11 adults and 4 Heathen children
were baptized.
We are sorry to say that nearly as many
relapsed into heathenism- Several families again left the dif­
ferent Out-stations in search of work. Taking all additions
and subtractions into account, the Congregations amount now
to 1094 (against 1081 in 1884).
Udapy lost last year through death one of its first Chris­
tians, Gideon by name, who was for many years an Elder of the
Church. Some Church-members tried to dupe the Missionaries
into being their tools for wreaking vengeance on some of their
fellow-Christians.
We have to complain that the Word of God
has become uninteresting to some, and that consequently their
attendance at Divine Service is very irregular, mostly so in
Kattupadi and Koppala. In the latter place some members
even dared to defy the Presbytery, when they stuck out for
order and discipline. A family, who sacrificed to the Bhutas to
■
33
obtain relief in sickness, objected to admonition.
11 Heathen were baptized.
In Knrkal
In Madambeil two families, who
at one time showed encouraging signs of life, have become
lukewarm and infected other Church-members with their
spirit. In Kalyanapur a young man sent off his wife and child
without sufficient reason, and obstinately refuses to re-admit
them into his house.
Whilst we are sighing over a great want of spirituality
here and there, we have been cheered of late by a number of
Catechumens, who intend joining our Church.
Their numbers
could be greatly increased, if we did not tell new-comers at
the outset that they are not to expect from us help in money,
employment, or in law-suits. We had some encouraging
experiences.
There are several families, who since they
joined us, were harassed and teased by landlords, creditors,
relations and their former caste-people. One family, consisting
of 6 persons, joined us on account of the sickness of a son.
He became hopelessly worse, till at last the Lord made him
well again. Then the brother of the wife not only had his
nephews cursed by a Bhuta-priest, but also prepossessed the
mind of his married niece in such a manner that she cut
all connection with her parents, and lastly, he being the owner
of the fields farmed by his brother-in-law, ousted him and
family.*
The wife would nearly have succumbed under this
treatment. They, however, have succeeded in getting other
fields, and experienced that those who put their trust in God
shall not be put to shame.
There are, however, others who yield in the hour of trial.
A land-owner but a short time ago deprived a Catechumen of
the fields leased to him.
He could not stand this trial, but
*In South Canara, with the Tulus (and M alayalis), a man’ s property is not
inherited by his own children, but by those o f his sisters and their female off­
spring.
This custom accounts for the indignation o f the uncle.
34
went to see the landlord, and, falling flat to the ground before
him, apologized for his having gone over to the Christians.
We closed the year with 195 Catechumens, a few of whom for
several years were already on the list.
We hope some of the
new-comers will prove worthy of church-membership and
exercise a wholesome influence on old lukewarm Christians.
Parish Schools.
There are four, namely at Gudde (16),
Ambadi-Koppala (10),
Shirva (34),
Udyavara (20).
They
are attended by 31 Christian boys, 21 Christian girls, and 28
Heathen boys, making 80 pupils.
The attendance of the
Christian children at school corresponds with the attendance
of their parents at Church.
Orphanage for Boys.
This
School, formerly in charge of
Mr. Spering, is now superintended by Mr. Brasche.
Twelve
boys have left the institution, and 17 have entered it.
It has
now 73 orphan boys, and is attended by 19 Christian boys and
32 Christian girls as day-scholars. The aim of this institution
is to reclaim waifs, to offer a home to boys who have lost
either one or both parents, or whose parents have taken to
bad courses, and to educate the boys of families living in
out-of-the-way places.
The former rely entirely on Christian
charity; the parents of about twelve boys, however, though
mostly poor, contribute a small sum according to their means
towards the maintenance of their boys. Considering the long
and unhealthy monsoon of last year, we mention with thanks
to God, that the general state of health was pretty good.
Besides the hard struggle of breaking off vice and bad habits,
which sticks hard to many of our boarders, idleness and
dulness have to be encountered at every step; we trust,
however, that, though the material is inferior, many will be
benefltted for time and eternity.
The Middle or Preparatory School and the Normal School
are in charge of Mr. Brasche.— Of the Middle School two pupils
35
were sent to the Catechists’ Seminary at Mangalore, one was
dismissed, and one left of his own accord. Eight scholars
were admitted, bringing up the number of pupils to 23 in
four classes.
The parents of six of them pay a monthly fee
in proportion to their means towards the education of their
sons. On the whole, there were more cheerful signs of encou­
ragement for the teachers than last year.
One of the two pupils of the Normal School was dismissed.
Three others have entered. There are now four pupils in this
institution.
The Brahman Girls’ School is under Mrs. Brasche. Owing
to the influence of a rival school, the attendance has fallen
from 24 to 18 girls.
Itinerancy. On account of much School and Out-station
work only short preaching tours could be carried out.
The
weekly markets in TJdapy, and Barkur, the Heathen festivals
in and around TJdapy and many houses, when on circuit, were
visited. Mr. Brasche and the pupils of the Middle School,
Mr. Keppler, Mr. Spering and the Catechists took their
share of work.
K A R K A L.
Out-Stations : Sannr, M udar, Nandolige, Hekkadka.
Rev. R. Hartmann, in charge o f the Station; Tulu literary work.
Rev. M. Schaible, Itinerancy, and studying Tulu.
CatecMst, Joseph Bhagyan.
The Congregation is composed of persons belonging to five
different places, and amounts to 54 members. Although we
were cheered by the spiritual progress of some, the worldli­
mindedness of others grieved us deeply.
36
Itinerancy. The newly opened weekly market at Karkal
afforded a favourable opportunity to preach the Gospel.
Several Heathen festivals in and about Karkal have been
visited.
Mr. Schaible has ventured upon preaching to the
Heathen, and for 39 days accompanied Mr. Eble of Mulky in
his visits from house-to-house.
K U N D A P U R -B A SR U R .
Out-stations:
Kundapur, Keilkeri.
Rev. L . Gengnagel, in charge of the Station and Itinerancy.
Catechists
Eliezer Karat, Gershom Soivens.— Christ. Manjaru.
Colporteur, Abr. Salins.
Christian School-master, Barnabas Kodot.
The Congregation numbers 54 souls.
The persons placed
under church-discipline last year have mended their ways, and
been re-admitted into Church-membership.
The converted
Brahman family had to bear the enmity of the Heathen com­
munity in Keilkeri.
The smouldering ill-will broke out into
flames on the occasion of the death of a neighbouring woman,
when her relatives asked the Bhuta the reason of her
death. He was said to have answered through the mouth of
his priest, as follows: “ Since the day of the secession of those
three persons (alluding to the Christian family), I have been
greatly disquieted, and as long as they are tolerated in Keilkeri
I shall never have peace and rest.”
word for their passive persecution.
This was the watch­
As our Christians derive
their livelihood from farming, the most influential man of
37
the village sent orders to the lower castes that any help
given to the Christians would he severely punished.
they had
When
succeeded in getting two Mohammedan women
to work for them, the ferry-man was warned not to ferry
them over the river.
Matters grew so unpleasant that the
Government had to be asked to interfere in their behalf.
The mixed Vernacular School at Basrur is attended by
2 Christian boys, 4 Christian girls, and 29 Heathen boys, or
35 pupils in all.
During the year under review many
Heathen boys suddenly left off coming to our School. The
Heathen school-master himself stayed away, trying to make us
believe that some ill-inclined person had shaken the con­
fidence of the parents of the pupils, and through their with­
drawing them, deprived him of his living.
It soon turned
out that he was the person who had acted so basely, for he
erected a rival school, and drew away our children.
Though
many boys returned, we lost in all 15 pupils.
Itinerancy is the chief work.
Mr. Gengnagel devoted
to it 154, Cat. Karat 178, Cat. Soivens 54, and Evang.
Manjaru 139 days, or 525 days in all.
for some days at Beindur, and Messrs.
Mr. Diez assisted
Brasche and Rafner
with their Catechists at Koteshvara. The festivals to idols at 23
places of more or less importance, as well as the interven­
ing and surrounding villages
Mr. Gengnagel further reports:
and hamlets, were visited.
W e attend the K u n d a p u r market as regularly as p ossib le; a small
stall enables us to preach, bold conversations and disputes, and sell
portions of Scripture and Tracts.
Through all these different means
people get acquainted with the good tidings o f the kingdom o f
heaven and G od’ s claims on their obedience.
one a ccord :
“ There is only one God.
Many indeed say with
W e ought to believe in Him.
B y doing this we shall be happy, whereas our numberless gods
and demons only harass and ruin us” .
On the other hand, the
38
adherents o f “ young India” declare that Christianity, as well as
heathenism,
cannot satisfy thinking persons, and although th ey
deify man’s reason and its productions, their own morality is o f a
most objectionable character.
W e ought still to mention that we have now and then occasion
to answer publicly important questions, or to refute faulty religious
statements.
It looks as if the people at large were aw aking from
their lethargy.
Different means contribute towards this. W e observe
that the colportage o f Hindu Shastras, which find many buyers,
incites the Hindus to speak in defence o f Hinduism.
The M o­
hammedans, among other things, consider the appearance o f the
M ahdi in the Soudan and his progress to be an additional p roof of
the truth o f the K oran.
Their expectations concerning a new time
for the spread o f Mohammedanism seem to gain strength.
A M o­
hammedan priest in Kundapur, f . i , sent a challenge to the Rom an
Catholic Christians in Kundapur and Gangoli, purporting that he was
ready to prove from the New Testament that Christ had foretold
M oham m ed’ s coming.
defence fell to our lot.
As they did not take up the gauntlet, the
On the 3rd o f M arch we had a public
dispute, which attracted a large attendance.
The Bible and the
K oran were the only books permitted as references.
Our English
and Canarese Bibles were admitted by two M ohammedan priests
to be the genuine Bible o f the Christians, whereas we stated that
we considered the two A rabic and two English Korans, which were
produced, to contain the fundamental teaching o f Mohammedanism.
T he two Mohammedan priests tried to prove that Deut. xvm , 15.
1 8 .1 9 . referred to Mohammed, and that Christ points to Mohammed,
when he speaks about the Paraclete.
The gist o f our defence
consisted in proving that Moses foretold Christ’ s com ing, and Christ
the outpouring o f the Holy Spirit, that Mohammed’ s character w idely
differs from that ascribed to the Paraclete, and so on. After several
hours o f discussion two Brahmans, who acted as umpires, gave a
verdict in our favour.
Not that w e attach undue value to such a
testimony, but we take it as the impression which the different state­
ments made on the minds o f unbiassed persons.
39
H O N O R É .
Out-Station:
Karwar.
Rev. J. Fischer, in charge o f the Congregation and Itinerancy.
Mr. Th. Digel, Itinerancy.
Catechists
Samuel Banyan, Jeremiah Sona, Winfred Micha.
Christian School-mistress, Maria Hebri.
Staff of European Labourers. Mr. Niibling, our indefatigable
travelling preacher, was obliged to leave for Europe for the be­
nefit of his health.
strength.
We hope he will soon return with renewed
Mr. Digel has taken his place in January 1885.
The Congregation at Honoré is very small. The branchcongregation at Karwar, in charge of Cat. Banyan, has caused
much anxiety. We long to see better days. Deducting a
family which left to do railway-work, both Congregations num­
ber now 57 souls.
The Hindu Girls’ School. The teaching staff, it may be
said, is out of proportion to the number of girls, as it in­
cludes the two Missionaries’ wives, a Catechist and a Mistress.
Owing to a rival girls’ school the number of pupils fluctuated
continually during the year, there being as many as 38 ad­
mittances and 50 departures, so that we closed the year with
22 girls against 34 of
1883.
Of these
22 only 3 are
Christians.
Itinerancy.
The chief work of this Station is preaching to
the Heathen.
Mr. Niibling devoted 139. Mr. Fischer 120,
Cat. Bimyan 76, Cat. Winfred 185 days; besides this Messrs.
Niibling and Fischer spent 54 days in and around Karwar,
making in all 574 days. The Heathen festivals were visited re­
t
40
gularly as in other years.
most famous.
Of these, that in Gokarna is the
Concerning it Mr. Fischer writes:
M r. jSiibling, m yself and two Catechists occupied a shed or chapp a ra in the midst o f a row o f booths or a sante.
On account o f sm all­
p ox the attendance was smaller, com pared with former years. A m ong
the visitors there were many Brahman widows, considered espe­
cially sinful as having caused the death o f their husbands, whether
these through leading a bad life had brought about their own pre­
mature death or not, did not matter.
to atone for their great sinfulness.
These poor women have
They are, however, considered
less sinful than those, who died before their husbands, a punish­
ment ascribed to Nemesis on account o f sins committed in a form er
birth.— The torments, which religious fanaticism has invented to
impose on the populace, are most disgusting.
There are persons, who
by whips, knives and other tools inflict wounds
on their bodies,
in order to draw blood. Others dance m adly, holding a lighted torch
in each hand and bringing them near their naked bodies to show
that fire has no pow er over them.
The admiring populace kindle
the little lamps, which they set before the idol, at these torches.
It
is disgusting to see m adly dancing devotees with a small shrine on
their heads, containing some tiny idol or other, and to hear them cry
o u t: “ A great god, a very great god, no devil can resist him.
heals sicknesses,
He
presents m arried people with children, secures
prosperity to house and field etc.
the favour o f this deity.”
Ho, bring your gifts to secure
W hat devout Hindu hearing this can
withhold his band from dropping coppers into the &lms-box o f its
votaries!
Mr. Nubling reports:
In the past year visits from house-to-house were made in some
20 places.
The pride and self-sufficiency o f the Brahmans, who
muster very strongly (6 3 ,8 0 0 ),
and the utter indifference o f the
low er castes, are the sad causes o f G od’ s W ord not receiving due
attention.
The poverty o f the district, which forces many to seek
work beyond the Ghauts during the dry season, and allows them to
remain at home during the monsoon only, is the cause w hy many
41
are prevented from hearing the "Word, when -we come into their
villages during our circuits.
and there well received.
kingdom o f heaven.
On the other hand we have been here
There are many, who are not far from the
M ay our H eavenly Master grant them grace
to confess Him openly.
MERCARA.
Out-Stationz
Anandapur.
Rev. J. F. Veil, in charge o f the Station, Schools, the NorthCoorg Cooly-Mission, and Itinerancy.
Rev. R. Schenkel, supervision o f the Congregation at Anandapur,
the South-Coorg Cooly-Mission, and Itinerancy.
Mr. J. B. Veil, Mercantile M ission-Branch.
Mr. J. Grimm,
do.
do.
do.
Cateehists
Bethuel Soivens, Joshia Aarons, Joseph Mandody,
Renry Robert.— Jacob Upranna.
Christian School-masters
Lewis Salins, Amruta Balaram, Nathan Salins, Jonas Kote.
Staff of European Labourers. Mr. Schenkel, with his family,
took up his residence at Anandapur on the 21st of March 1884.
Mrs. Schenkel was very poorly through fever, but is doing
well now.
Mr. Grimm arrived at Mercara in April 1884.
Congregation. The Congregation at Mercara numbers now
65 against 79 members in 1883. This decrease is partly, due
to the departure of two families to the coast, and partly to excommunication of 3 persons, one brother and two sisters. The
6
42
case of these latter is particularly painful, as the brother,
attracted by an offer of marriage on the part of his Heathen
relatives, relapsed into heathenism, and the sisters succumbed
to the tempting rewards of immorality.
The founding of the Congregation at Anandapur, twentyfive years ago, was commemorated on the 22nd of May (see
Report 1883, p. 37).
Just at the time, small-pox carrying off
five persons belonging to-the same family, the feelings of all
assembled were saddened.
Cat. Aarons, in charge of the
Congregation, further reports the baptism of
4 Heathen
adults and the re-admission of an excommunicated woman.
The place is somewhat feverish for want of good drinking
water.
The Parochial School at Anandapur is attended by 16
Christian boys, 20 Christian girls, 5 Heathen boys and 2 Heathen
girls, or 43 children in all.
Four boys have been sent to
TJdapy to receive a better education, in order to become teach­
ers of tbeir countrymen. Mrs. Xaundinya and Mrs. Schenkel
superintend the needle-work of the girls.
The Hindu Girls’ Day-School in the Mission-compound at
Mercara has experienced many vicissitudes. About the time,
when the Mission looked forward to the execution of the
plan for the Boarding School for Coorg girls, Mrs. Blandford
(see Report 1883, p. 40) had been engaged to supervise and
teach meanwhile in the Day-School.
She arrived on the
23rd of February, but instead of 16 girls she. only found nine,
the others having been withdrawn.
This was owing to their
having formed two parties, one favouring the plan of a
Boarding School, the other opposing it and asking for a DaySchool of their own, supported by the Government.
The latter
were those, who had withdrawn their girls. All the exertions of
Col. Mill to fuse both parties, and in the interest of education in
a thinly peopled country, to prevent the erection of another
43
rival school, proved abortive. The anger of some Coorgs in
consequence of the baptism of Mr. Amruta Balarama, and
their aversion to Christian influence, were vented publicly in a
most painful manner. This was done to support their demand
for a Day-School for their party and, carrying others with
them, thus prevented our project of a boarding-house from
finding supporters.
As the attendance of the Day-School be­
came daily more doubtful, the Mission was forced to dispense
with the services of Mrs. Blandford in October, when the DaySchool also appeared to have been a failure. Since then, however,
a few of the younger girls, and some new ones, asked us to
re-open the Day-School.
We did so, and it is since attended
by 11 girls, three of whom are Christians; Mrs. F . Veil, as
in other years, superintended the needle-work.
The Hindu Girls’ School in the Bazaar o f Mercara. Contri­
butions of Native friends enabled us to open this school on
the 28th of May. It is now attended by 13 Heathen girls, and
3 Heathen boys. The girls were at first very untidy in their
persons and irregular in their attendance.
A slight improve­
ment is visible. Mrs. F. Veil superintends the school and
teaches needle-work.
Itinerancy. .The evangelization of North-Coorg, as also the
North-Coorg Cooly-Mission is carried on by Mr. F. Veil, who
reports as follows:
A number o f plantations on the Sampaji Ghaut having been
relinquished by their proprietors, we found time to take up some 9
plantations to the East and North-east o f Mercara.
There are
now 44 plantations visited monthly, form erly by Cat. Sowens and now
by Evangelist Upranna.
I have gone twice over the field.
Sômavârapet and Ponampet with
the
Besides
surrounding country,
Talakâveri feast has been visited in company with a Catechist.
the
The
w eekly preaching in the M ercara Bazaar was carried on as regu­
larly as time and the weather perm itted; also visits to Coorg houses
6*
44
in M ercara have been made.
L eavin g out Cooly-M ission work and
absence on leave, Cat. Sowens has devoted much o f his time to
visiting the Coorgs in their house.
The itinerancy of South-Coorg and the South-Coorg CoolyMission is in charge of Mr. Schenkel.
His assistant Cat.
Mandody, in spite of sickness in his family, devoted much
time to travelling preaching.
Cat. Robert has joined only
lately. 35 plantations are regularly visited. The markets
(Santes) in Virarajendrapet and Siddhapur were repeatedly
visited. Towards the close of the year Mr. Kaundinya also
accompanied Mr. Schenkel and his party occasionally. It
should be mentioned that Mr. Schenkel began English Services
for the Planters in this part of Coorg, and that he met with
encouragement.
We desire to express our hearty thanks for the moral and
substantial support we have received from many planters.
An old friend sending his contribution cheered us by a few
encouraging lines; he writes: “ I have pleasure in sending you
my usual annual contribution to your Cooly-Mission, as I
have observed it will help to verify the Scriptural saying:
‘ The poor have the Gospel preached unto them’ .”
The more we consider the pow ers o f caste and habit, and the
deadening and stupifying influences o f heathenism, especially on the
low er classes, who scarcely know to read or write, the more we feel
called upon to be thankful for ever so slight an impression made
on their minds.
W e welcom e any sign o f interest evinced on
their part and trust in the Lord that H is W ord shall not return empty,
but work out the regeneration o f these benighted Heathen.
II.
SOUTH-MAHRATTA
(Dharwar and Kaladgi Collectorates).
D H A R W A R.
Out-Stations:
Jodhalli.
Rev. F. Kittel, doing Canarese literary work.
Rev. F . Ziegler, in charge o f the Station, Congregation, and
Girls’ Orphanage.
Rev. F . Limbach, in charge o f Boys’ Schools, and studying
Canarese.
Miss L. Schmid, G irls’ O rph an age; studying Canarese.
Cateehist,
Lot Hery.
Christian School-masters
Ananda Banna, David Muchagunna.
Christian School-mistresa
Maria B. Muchaganna.
Heathen Sehool-masters
Baburao Kalyanapur, Shantappa Nagaramatha,
Dhondo Qadre, Rudraya Rottimatha, Sheshe Rege.
Staff of European Labourers. Mr. Kittel took up his re­
sidence in this Station on the 23rd of January 1884 to
complete the Canarese-English Dictionary, taken in hand
since several years.
Miss Schmid arrived on the 28th of
November 1884 in order to assist Mrs. Ziegler in the Girls’
Orphanage.
Mr. Knittel was transferred on the 1st of
September 1884 to Guledgud.
Though cholera was raging
around us, we and our Christians were providentially spared.
46
The Congregation in Dharwar is in charge of Cat. Lot R ery
and supervised by Mr. Ziegler. The only Heathen adult, a
Brahman, who was baptized in the beginning of the year, has
grieved us through his relapse into heathenism (Report 1883,
p. 43).
cated.
A man persisting in his sinful ways was excommuni­
The sudden death through cholera of one Balappa,
the head of the only Christian family at Harubidri, was very
painful.
Mr. Limbach, the Catechist and some Christians
had to go in the dead of a pitch-dark monsoon-night over a
nearly impervious road to a village, twelve miles distant, after
reaching which, the corpse had to be carried still to some distance
for burial.
The whole party returned exhausted, but without
further evil consequences.
The orphaned family was then
removed to Dharwar, and the Out-station Harubidri was given
up for the present.
As a number of young women, and among
them some confirmed orphan girls, left for other stations,
the number of souls amounts to 158 against 167 in 1883.
The scantiness of this year’s crop, from want of rain, is
already beginning to be felt.
In looking at the spiritual life, we have but one desire,
namely that when the Lord comes, He may not find leaves only,
but also fruits.
The Orphanage for Girls is in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Ziegler;
Mrs. Kittel and Miss Schmid assisted in supervision and
needle-work. The education of the girls is on the whole as
described in our last Report. During the year under review
16 girls left the institution, of whom 9 were married. 1 went
on service, and 6 returned to their parents.
Ten girls entered
the Orphanage which harbours now 49 girls.
attend the School as day-scholars.
Five girls
Of the former 31 are
orphans, 9 have lost either a father or a mother, 3 were neg­
lected by a step-father or a step-mother, and 6 have been re­
ceived, as their parents live too far away from any school.
47
We are happy to state that by far the greater part of our
former pupils are attached to us, and that they appreciate the
benefits received from us during a number of years. Such
young women make mostly good wives and mothers.
Those
who are the least thankful are generally untidy, and scarcely
show the labour bestowed on them whilst they were in
school.
There are several girls in the institution, who fill our
hearts with misgiving, when we think of their future. Sensu­
ality, stealing, lying, quarrelling, pride, loquacity, are vices
which seem to form their second nature. The greater part,
however, cheer us through their obedience and good behaviour,
and a few through their fear of God.
The Angelo-Vernacular School. Mr. Ziegler superintended
this School during the current year; since January 1885 Mr.
Limbach is in charge.
This School has five classes, but a
sixth class is a great desideratum.
The average number of
boys on the roll was 66, but only 49 boys could be presented
for the grant-in-aid examination. The greater number of boys
have studied successfully.
We hope that the Christian spirit,
which pervades the school, will exercise its influence in moulding
the minds of our pupils.
We closed the year with 93 pupils,
one of whom is a Christian.
The Canarese Boys’ School has slightly increased from 67 in
1883 to 75 boys, of whom two are Christians.
Itinerancy. M r. Knittel and Cat. R ery made two trips in order
to preach at the Yellamma festival and in the country South and
South-west of Dharwar as far as Yellapur. M r. Knittel accompanied
M r. E isfelder and a Hubly Catechist to M isrikote and the surround­
ing villages.
Lastly M r. Limbach , in company of Cat. H ery,
went to the Yellamma-hill, where a second festival was celebrated.
In all 50 days were devoted to itinerancy. At this last place some
30,000 devotees and spectators may have assembled. Two London
Missionaries, with 5 assistants from Belgaum , were preaching too,
48
so that we hope the assem bled Heathen had an ample opportunity
to hear the W ord o f God.
On the whole we were everyw here well
received.
Three days in every week, as far as the weather and health per­
mitted, were devoted by M r. Z iegler, M r. Knittel and Cat. H ery to
preaching to the Heathen in and around D harw ar.
w ere far from encouraging.
The experiences
W7hen very small boys set up a
howl at the end o f our addresses, it can be borne, but the patience
is greatly tried, when boys, who scarcely know to read their Primer,
interrupt an attentive audience by irrelevant questions.— W e also
pay visits from house-to-house.
On the whole we were received
respectfully, but there are not wanting such, who rudely bade us be­
gone.
W hen we remember that the prophet asked, how men can be­
lieve without being preached to, we feel that we must not allow our­
selves to become discouraged, but go on preaching the W ord in season
and out o f season, whether they hear or whether they forbear.
The pride o f birth, purse, education and intelligence, combined with
pantheism, w hich looks down on the Missionary as a hindrance to
advancement, as well as materialism and its degrading service, are
the great evils which destroy the life o f this nation.
H U B L Y.
Olit-Stations l Unkakallu, Hebsur.
Rev. II. Daimelhuber, in charge o f the Congregation & Out-stations.
Rev. F. Eisfelder, Itinerancy, and Schools.
Catechists
Solomon Devada.— Daniel Patti, Daniel Naika.
Christian School-master, William Aarons.
Heathen School-masters
Gurusiddhaya Halaya, Adiviyappa Manavalli.
49
Staff of European Labourers. We regret to state that Mr.
Roth was called to his eternal rest on the 27th of February
1885. Mr. Daimelhuber joined, the Station in November 1884.
Mr. Eisfelder suffered now and then from fever.
The Congregation at Hubly was in charge of Cat. Devada,
and the one at Unakallu was in charge of Evangelist Naika>
Mr. Roth superintending them. 257 members, against 247 in
1883, belong to this Congregation. On account of want of
rain the price of ragi, the staple food in South-Mahratta,
rose twenty-five per cent.
The railway being open as far as
Oadag, grain began to pour in and to effect materially the price.
How different from 1877 when there was no railway in our
district!
Yet cultivators, as well as weavers, begin to feel
the depressing effect on trade.
We are therefore thankful
that many of our Christians find employment in the new
Spinning Mills. Famine prices, together with cholera began to
exercise a most wholesome effect on our Christians. There
is more fear of God, which shows itself in a better apprecia­
tion of the means of grace, the fear of sin, and, on the part of
such who are under Church-discipline, in a desire to be recon­
ciled to God.
Some, however, have abused the confidence,
which Heathen are accustomed to place in our Christians as
persons who neither lie nor cheat, and thus deeply grieved us,
and brought shame on the name of Christ. We find that in
the same degree as the concord of husbands and wives is
improving, the esteem and affection of children towards their
parents is also increasing.
Mrs. Roth had a Sunday-School
with the girls and women, and Mr. Eisfelder with the boys
and young men of the Congregation.
The Parochial School at New Hubly now imparts instruc­
tion to 10 Christian boys, 8 Christian girls, and 1 Hindu boy,
or 19 pupils; and the one at Unakallu to 7 Christian boys,
1 Christian girl and 1 Hindu boy, or 9 pupils.
The progress,
'
7
50
especially of the girls, would be greater if their attendance
was more regular.
The Vernacular School at Old Hubly is in charge of Mr.
E isf elder. It is attended by 73 Hindu and Mohammedan with
2 Chistian boys, or 75 pupils.
There are some promising
boys among the scholars.
Preaching to the Heathen. Mr. Roth reports :
The Missionaries and Catechists address weekly an orderly as­
sembly of from 50 to 100 persons in our preaehing-hall in New Hubly.
Besides, the Gospel is regularly preached in the different quarters of
Old and New Hubly and in the surrounding Tillages, either in public
places and thoroughfares, or in private houses. In public we are
disturbed either by envious priests, or by loose babblers, or by half­
educated persons, who cannot bear to see an orderly and attentive
crowd listening..—Visits to houses are mostly of an encouraging
nature. Our Catechists are invited to repeat their visits, and even
women begin to shew an open interest in the Word of God. In
Unakallu, Evang. Naika makes known the glad tidings. I n Hebsur
34 days were devoted to evangelization. M r. E isfeld er , accom­
panied by Cat. Devada and Evang. P atti , spent 41 days in visiting
65 places to the East, South-east, West, and South-west of Hubly.
BETTIGERRY
(near Gadag).
Out-Stations:
S h a g o t i, M a la sa m u d ra .
K in n a l, K a t r ik e .
Rev. W. Hasenwandel, in charge of the Congregation and
Itinerancy.
Rev. W. Lutze, in charge of Schools.
Rev. B. Luthi, studying Canarese.
51
CatechistB
Solomon Bhaskar, Ndhasson Vira, Samuel Karat,
Gottlob Mabenna.— Silas Boragai.
Christian School-masters
David Punita, Devapriya Shubha, Daniel TJttengi,
Gideon Gokam, Andronica Bubdi, Gabriel Matapati.
Christian School-miBtress,
Martha Agali.
Heathen School-masters
Babanni Kabadi, Sadashivaya Koraga.
Staff of European Labourers. M r• Daimelhuber was trans­
ferred to Eubly in November last. Mr. Liithi lately arrived
from Europe in October 1884, and Mr. <fk Mrs. Liitze, who had
gone home for the benefit of their health in 1882, returned
to this Station in November 1884.
Congregation. Three promising young Hindus have been
baptized. The desire that these may be faithful gains in in­
tensity, when we consider some others who of late have grieved
us through their wickedness.
There were in Bettigerry some
good-for-nothing people, who took a pleasure in keeping the
whole Congregation in a state of ferment by means of a series
of dastardly libels, in which the Missionaries and nearly all
the Mission agents were charged with flagrant sins; some per­
sons were menaced with assault, and one even threatened with
death.
As these repeated attacks, amounting to seven libels,
threatened to undermine our authority in general, and the
peace and order of our Congregation in particular, we were at
last forced to lodge a complaint against the evil-doers.
Al­
though our advocate threw up the case before a verdict was
given, the guilty parties were nevertheless convicted of libel, and,
as they in a document written on stamp-paper and signed by
7*
52
witnesses, confessed their complicity, their confinement during
the time of enquiry was considered a sufficient punishment to
bring them to their senses.
We hope this occurrence has
purified the moral atmosphere.
The Congregation in Shagoti has had a year of quiet de­
velopment. ' On Epiphany the Christians and all their Hindu
friends, who had been invited for the occasion, celebrated a
feast.
Presents in kind and money were brought, the Hindus
vying with the Christians.
What a joy it would be to see them
all worship the Father in spirit and in truth.
This Congre­
gation begins to feel the duty of bearing more of the burden,
incurred for its spiritual welfare.
Our Christians begin to suffer from the deficiency of rain.
Victuals having risen in price; the poor can have only one
meal a day. With persons accustomed from their youth to
one meal only, but that a hearty one, this would be nothing
in particular, whereas with them it means starvation.
The Congregation at Bettigerry has been in charge of Cat.
Solomon, and that of Shagoti was cared for by Cat. Nahasson,
Mr. Hasenwandel having the supervision. The Congregation
has increased by 25 souls and numbers now 512.
The Evangelists’ School was in charge of Mr. Daimelhuber.
Its purpose is to supply our South-Mahratta District with
Native preachers.
Of the 6 young men admitted last year,
two were kept back by their families, and one left on account
of sickness. During the year one young man entered. There
are four pupils at present. These, according to their proficiency
in general knowledge, are allowed to go on with their studies
in the different classes of the Training School for teachers,
whereas for purely theological lessons they must attend this
institution.
The Training School has been superintended by Mr. Daimel­
huber. Fifteen young men, one of whom is a Day-scholar,
53
are being prepared, during a four years’ course of education,
for Teachers in the Parochial Schools of our two Collectorates (Dharwar and Kaladgi).
One of these left, and another
had to be dismissed. There remain now 13 pupils, who will
shortly be joined by 8 boys from the Orphanage. This insti­
tution and the Evangelists’ School are under the daily care of
Cat. Punita, their manager and caterer.
bear from slander.
He too had much to
We are aware of the responsibility of
educating young men, on whom the prosperity of the Church
and the School depends. May the Lord fashion their hearts
and give us humble, single-hearted, earnest, and God-fearing
men.
The Boys’ Orphanage is in charge of Mr. Masenwandel.
During the year 5 boys, former famine orphans, left to be
apprenticed to different trades.
In three of them the spirit
of vagrancy and idleness seems to have revived.
They have
repeatedly run off; one of them has disappeared, another
seems to go from bad to worse, and one only, after having
been laid up with sickness, brought about through his vagrant
habits, has come to himself, and for the present turned over a
new leaf. The other boys were sent back either to their parents
or guardians. About 8 boys will leave shortly for the Train­
ing School.
Among the remaining pupils some are up to all
kind of tricks and roguery; yet there are others, who give us
the impression that they not only fear man, but God also.
When some boys were asked by the manager, why a certain
boy was continually in hot water, they replied:
“ Oh, no
wonder, he never prays for himself.” The result of last year’s
teaching and learning is very creditable. The year closes
with 48 orphans and 8 Day-scholars.
Owing to dearth a
number of neglected and badly fed children will, we fear, have
to apply for admittance.
54
The Parochial Girls’ School is attended by 10 girls. There
was much, interruption through small-pox, measles etc.
The Parochial School at Shagoti was re-opened. Three
Christian boys, five Christian girls, and 13 Hindu boys, are
being instructed there.
The Vernacular School in Bettigerry,
which
had been
removed to a more suitable locality in 1883, shows an increase
from 54 to 87 boys.
Preaching to the Heathen. Mr. Hasenwandel states:
We and our Native assistants have preached the Gospel in the
streets and thoroughfares of Guledgud. We were well received here;
in Gadag , however, the opposition we encountered formerly, was more
intense this time. I made three trips towards the South-east. Either
the Evangelist B oragai , or Cat. S. Bhaskar , or a Church-member
accompanied me. Once M r. Daimelhuber and 2 of his pupils joined us.
On each tour we preached also in the M oglai or the Nizam's
Dominions. As we were much encouraged by the welcome recep­
tion we met with, and the desire of the people after education, we
opened one School at Kinnal. Another one was opened in Kcitrike
in the begining of 1885.
GULEDGUD
(Addr. Bagalkot).
Out-Stations:
Parvati, Padanakatte, Murudi.
K ard en h alli, K ordenhalli, Sadagundi, N agarahalli, Asangi, Mullur.
M u sk tig eri, Halkurgi.
Rev. G. Grossmann, in charge of the Station, and Itinerancy.
Rev. K. Ernst, Out-stations, and Itinerancy.
Rev, H. Knittel, Itinerancy, and studying Canarese.
55
Catechists
(Immanuel Furtado), Immanuel Sowenna.— Johann
Frabhakar, Subhadra Kanapur.
Bible-women: Salome Sakkarc, Rahel Rangareji.
Christian School-masters
Immanuel Nirmanika, Immanuel Mudukaui,
Amruta Shilabhadra.
Heathen. School-master, Adiviappa Mulagimda.
European Labourers. Mr. Knittel was transferred in Sep­
tember from Dhanvar to this Station. Mr. Warth is to begin
the new Station Bijapur as soon as he succeeds in renting a
house there.
The Congregation at Ouledgud has been under the care of
Cat. 1. Furtado for the first half year, and in the second half,
when he began to suffer from a kind of dropsy, Mr. Warth had
to take full charge of it. The one at Kardenhalli was entrusted
to Ev. J. Frabhakar and superintended by Mr. Warth, and
the one at Mushtigeri in charge of Cat. 1. Sowenna, was
supervised by Mr. Ernst• Each of these Congregations had
a slight increase. The total number of Christians belonging
to this Station amounts to 504 against 474 in 1883.
The
accession of 30 souls is due to the return of boys and
girls, who had finished their training in the Orphanages at
Bettigerry and Dharwar, to births in the Congregation, and
to the admission of € Heathen, (one of whom is a child), into
the Church of Christ by baptism.
Seven members were ex­
communicated. Of these, 5 had given up going to Church.
Although there are still some, who neglect the means of
grace, the greater part are regular attendants at Divine Ser­
vice.
Whether the preaching and exhortation benefits them
or not, is difficult to say.
When we reflect on cases of
56
adultery, drinking, matrimonial disputes, implacability and
other shortcomings, we feel sad and heavy at heart. Yet,
when we consider on the one hand that many have emerg­
ed from heathenism but a short time ago, and that their
old habits and inclinations easily get the mastery over them,
and on the other, that our Christians are amenable to reproof,
ashamed of sin and repentant, whereas Heathens would laugh
at and glory in their own shame; that many of them desire to
show by their conversation that they have yielded their members
to the service of righteousness; that they hate the ways of an
unconverted Hindu etc., then we have reason to take courage,
and thank God for what He has done, and will still do in
future.—There is also a well attended Young Men’s Association
which, we hope, will prosper.— The means of livelihood begin
to become somewhat scarce in consequence of deficient rain.
The prospect that the Government will open relief-works, is
therefore joyfully hailed by the poor and needy.
A chapel was built in Halkurgi. We were agreeably sur­
prised that the carpenter, a Hindu, declined accepting pay­
ment for the wood as well as for his work.
The Parochial Girls’ School at Guledgud was converted into
a Mixed Parochial School with 3 classes, and is attended by
7 boys and 11 girls. Through undue leniency on the part of
some parents, and the obstinacy of a few children the results
obtained are small.
The Parochial School at Kardenhalli, under the superinten­
dence of Mr. Ernst, has only 9 pupils, 2 of whom are Heathen
boys.
As the children live at a great distance and their pa­
rents are poor, it is most difficult to enforce their attendance
at School.
The Vernacular School at Koshtapete was superintended by
Mr. Warth.
It imparts instruction to 46 Heathen and 2 Chris­
tian boys.
Also in this year it had to compete with a rival
57
school, which receives mostly high-caste boys. Our pupils
belong not only to the lower, but also to the less gifted classes.
Whereas many Heathen hate our School as a most danger­
ous institution, we are glad to see that our despised boys
are attached to us, and open to the voice of God’s Word.
Itinerancy. The European and Native Preachers made known
the glad tidings of the Kingdom of Heaven in and around their head­
quarters and the different Out-stations. Several longer preaching
tours were made. Three by M r. W arth, when Ilkall, B ijapu r and
Kaladgi respectively were the places of destination. It was quite
a treat, M r. Warth observes in reporting on his trip to B ijapu r , in­
stead of the slow progress by bullock-cart, to be carried on by a train,
the Engineer kindly permitting us to travel in the break-van on our
way to and fro.
M r. Ernst and the Native Assistants visited the festival of the
idol at Bana Shankri near Badami. He made two excursions to
Kaladgi , one of these in company of M r. Knittel to preach at the
festival in Tulsigeri. Our Shastri Jesudasa , evincing a great desire
tQ tell his relations, former caste-men, friends and disciples at
Su rapur and Lingasagar in the Nizam's Dominions, what great
things God had done for him, M r. E rnst and an Evangelist accom­
panied him to his home. M r. W arth devoted 52, M r. E rnst 88,
M r. Knittel 21, and our Catechists and Evangelists 250 days to itine­
rancy. Between 95 to 100 different places were thus visited.
We had ample opportunity of preaching to mostly orderly assemblies,
to converse with earnest men, and to sell many religious tracts and
books. There are persons deeply impressed, who like Nicodemus
love the truth and visit us in order to obtain farther advice, but
who have not yet received power from on high to confess boldly
their faith in Christ. The motives of others again are a mixture of
both worldly-mindedness and a desire after Divine things.
We give a few extracts from the diaries of our Brethren.
Mr. Warth reports thus:
The inhabitants of Kamtige , who were involved in a village feud,
8
58
so common in these parts, had lately a fighting fray, for which the
Government mulcted and punished them severely. This humiliation
seems to have paved the way for a glad reception of the Gospel.
Some Jains through their spokesman said, they were surprised
that Christianity, in spite of its perfections, permitted ‘Jlvahimse’
(slaying of animals). I pointed to the leather sandals they wore
and asked him, whence that leather came from. “ Oh, it is not we ” , he
replied, “but those who have killed the animals, who have to answer
for the crime of destroying life.” We crossed then the Malaprabhu,
and stayed in Aminagadda. We were invited to a matha (cloister),
where a famous priest had his quarters. After a good deal of confused
noise, in which one was saying this and another that, I succeeded in
giving a short outline of Christianity. A man, in a high-flown speech,
containing many Sanskrit words, set about to prove Atheism. Opposite
our quarters a Swami, who had arrived on an elephant with a large
retinue, put up. We witnessed the tricks and imposition, whereby
his followers levied black-mail from the ignorant people.
The following extracts are taken from Mr. Ernst’s diary:
Niralgi. We put up in a Hanuman temple. Our Shastri was with
us. Some of his former disciples, among them two women, came to
see and to hear what change the Word and Spirit of God had wrought
in him. Jesudasa , that is his name, could expound the Word of God,
as he formerly did the Shastras.
Mudnur in the Moglai. In the evening 150 to 200 persons came
to the Hanum&n temple, in which we had put up. They listened
well. When I was on the point of retiring to rest, a man asked me
■earnestly to entrust him with the secret spells, he supposed me
to possess against snake bite or scorpion bite, in doing so “ I would,”
he said, “ increase my reputation for goodness” .
Shelige. A priest permitted us to use the inside of his temple to
perform our Divine Service. This is very surprising as the women,
who fetch water for household purposes, in passing and repassing
the temple-door knocked off their shoes or sandals and, bowing
towards the shrine, exclaimed: “ 0 great ruler, 0 great king!” and,
putting on their shoes again, continued their work. Several persons
showed themselves well inclined.
59
In Makaldadi there is a niche in the yard of the temple of Hanuman, which contains one or two pairs of gigantic, well executed
shoes, mounted with silver and pearls. People think Hanuman makes
nightly visits for which purpose he requires those shoes.
Bible-Women.
Two elderly widows, superintended by
Mrs. Warth, visit the Hindu females in their houses. They
either read a suitable text, or relate a Bible story and explain
it. The reception they met with is very encouraging, and
surpasses our expectations.
BI J APUR.
Rev. C. D . Warth.
For a number of years it was meditated to extend our
operations to this town. About the 15th of March 1885 Mr.
and Mrs. Warth arrived from Ouledgud and took up the work.
They stay for the present in a tent, in the hope of soon being
able to get a house.
May God’s blessing attend this new
field of labour.
III.
MALABAR.
CANNANORE.
Out-Stations:
Chovva, Taliparam bu, Chirakal.
I. Clerical Part.
Rev. J. Lauffer, in charge of the Station and Out-stations.
Rev. J. Weismann,
„
the Cannanore Congregation
and Schools.
Native Pastor
Rev. Abraham Mulil.
Catechists
Charles Stocking, Nathanael Arukandan,
Cornelius Hutten, Raul Sneham, Manasse Kudakkal.—
Abel Kattuparambu, Mias Nambi, Abraham Para.
Colporteur, Obed Sneham.
Christian School-masters
Tobias Zacharias, p. a., Benjamin Eermon, Samuel Elias,
David Gomer, Titus Padiath.
Heathen School-masters
Narayanan Pillay, Bala Krishna Prabhu, K . Kannan,
J. Raman, K . Kelappan, K . Krishna, K . Govindan,
Mulil Peitel.
Staff of Labourers. Mr. & Mrs. FLanhart left for Europe
in March 1884 for the benefit of their health.
Mr. Weismann was twice nigh unto death, but God merci­
fully spared him.
Our Native Pastor, whose life was des­
61
paired of, has completely recovered.
He lost his wife by
consumption.
The Congregation at Cannanore, in charge of the Native
Pastor, Mr. A. Mulil, was superintended by Mr. Weismann,
whereas the Congregation at Chovva, incharge of Cat. Cornel.
Rutten, was supervised by Mr. L avffer.' Our aged Catechist,
Mr. Stocking at Cannanore, an Englishman, has devoted much
of his time to those men of the European Regiment, who accept
his services. As he knows from experience the trials and
temptations by which a young soldier is surrounded, we wish
his admonition and encouragement may benefit many.
At
Cannanore there are two Malayálam and two English Services
held on Sundays, and one Malayálam and two English meet­
ings on week-days. Divine worship in the Vernacular was regu­
larly carried on at Chovva and at Taliparambu. There are sepa­
rate Prayer Meetings for our Native Christian men and women,
also a Dorcas Union and a Self-improvement Association.
The time-honoured old Chapel in which many a soul, es­
pecially in old Mr. Rebich’s time, was born (Ps.
l x x x y ii.
5:
“ This and that man was born in her” ), had to be pulled down
as it was in a bad state, and a new Church is being built on
the same premises. The Congregation has contributed Rs. 503
towards rebuilding it, and Rs. 480 have been subscribed for
Mission, Bible, Church and other charitable purposes. We have
to mourn over the fall of an old Christian. Wife-beating is
being considered more and more an outrage.
Cannanore,
Chovva and Taliparambu together had an increase from 625
in 1883, to 683 souls through immigration, the surplus of births
over deaths, and 9 Heathen baptisms.
Of these latter 3 were
brought into the fold of Christ through the energy of our
Christians, and 2 through their Christian example.
The Station has two Parochial Schools, one at Cannanore
under the supervision of Mr. Weismann, and one at Chowa,
62
superintended by Mr. Lauffer. In the former 19 boys and
29 girls, or 48 Christian pupils, in the latter 2-3 boys and 26
girls, or 49 Christian pupils receive instruction.
The girls in
Chovva are taught needle-work by Mrs. Lauffer, and those in
Cannanore by Mrs. Weismann.
The School at Cannanore
suffered particularly through the frequent change of teachers,
which could not be avoided.
The Anglo-Vernacular School in the Camp-bazaar is in charge
of Mr. Weismann. He reports as follows:
The Government order of the 5th of February 1884, which raises
the school-fees for the Middle School Department to Rs. 18 a year,
was a sad blow for our School. How the Government order of the
17th November 1884, ordering us to double the fees in the classes of
the Primary Department, will affect our institution we do not yet know.
In spite of ups and downs, fears and misgivings we are permitted
to close the year with 180 Hindu and 47 Christian boys, or 227 in all.
The Head-master, M r. T. Zacharias , as well as the teachers, have
taken great pains to obtain good results. It is gratifying to know
that the Govenment speaks of our School as “ one of the most promis­
ing of Schools.”
The following incident will encourage our Christian friends. I
had a visit from a certain Brahman, whose son attends our Middle
School. After some shuffling it oozed out that he felt greatly
aggrieved at the religious views his son had imbibed. “ "We celebra­
ted,” the father said, “ one of our most solemn feasts.
My son
objected to the performance of ablutions and ceremonies. When I
remonstrated, he replied: ‘the Gods we adore are stone and wood,
they see not and hear not, therefore they cannot give us any good.
How should I stretch out my hands to worship them, since I have
learned in the Mission School that God is a Spirit and must he adored in spirit and in truth?’ My son despising thus my Gods, what
am I his father to do?” “ What do you intend doing? Are you taking
him away?” I asked. “ No, certainly not,” he replied. “ And pray,
why not?” was my rejoinder. “ You see, sir,” he answered, it is a
63
strange thing, but since the time my boy has been to your School,
he is better, more obedient, more truthful, and more upright than
before.”
The Mulil Vernacular School had very creditable results.
Of 72 pupils, 15 of whom are girls, all, 4 excepted, passed the
examination.
The Manager of a Hindu -Girls’ School, attended by about
80 girls, has invited Mrs. Hànhart to teach Bible Stories and
English. Since her sickness Mrs. Schonthal has continued the
work begun.
Itinerancy.
Mr. Weisman writes:
visited tho festivals at Kattampere, Unakara,
Kantiparambu , and Payavur. Since his departure for Europe neither
M r. L avffer nor myself could do much on account of district or
local work. M r. Lauffer made one preaching tour into the interior.
M r. Hanhart
On the other hand our Native Helpers have been traveling a
good deal. The travelling preacher Arukanden devoted 206 days,
Cat. P . Sneham 156, Evang. E. Nambi 181, Evang. A. Kattuparamban
141, Cat. C.Huttan , and Evang. A. P a r a l i days to the Chiracal Taluk,
so that we may safely say, Thousands have had the Word of salvation
preached to them. Besides these tours, the Gospel has been preached
in and around Cannanore and Chovva by the Missionaries and the
Native Assistants as much, and as regularly, as time permitted.
The Colporteurs of Bibles and Tracts nave each, according to
their abilities, helped to promote the knowledge of God.
II. Industrial Part.
Mr. W. P. Schönthal, in charge of the Weaving Establishment.
Mr. J. Rellstab, Assistant, studying Malayälam.
Mr. Stierlen was transferred in November to Mangalore.
Mr. SchönthaVs health has been very indifferent of late.
64
Mr. Réllstab, who lately arrived from Europe on the 24th of
November, has still to learn Malayâlam in order to render
him material assistance.
In the last year 159 persons, 150 of whom belong to our
Congregation, found regular employment.
The Branch Weav­
ing Establishments at Tellicherry and Qiombala are also supe­
rintended by our Lay-brethren, who besides assist us by taking
secular and other affairs off our hands.
TELLICHERRY.
Out-stationsi
Dharmapatnam, Anjarkandy, Kuttuparambu.
Rev. S. Walter, in charge of the Congregation at Nettoor,
Out-stations and Itinerancy.
Rev. W. Dilger,
„
Congregation and Schools in
Tellicherry Town.
Rev. K . School,
„
Schools at Nettoor.
Native Pastor
Rev. Paul Chandran.
Catechists
Stephan Chandran, Joh. Zacharias, Peter Arnon,
Timothy Parakandi, Ashamayan Tumaran.—
Joseph Murkottan, Philipp Mackadan.
Colporteur, Abijah Utshamvalli.
Bible-women: Hanna. Hassan, Rhoda Simon.
65
Christian School-masters
Simon Sandhi, Nathanael Simon, Peter Sermon, Jacob Boas,
Abel Martin, Mose Vakil, Theophil Pndiyaparayil,
Jesuadian Vedamuttu, Benjamin George,
Nathanael Rermon, Micha Mackadan.
Christian School-mistress,
Phebe Jacobi.
Heathen School-masters
P . Raman,
b. a
, J. Kanaran,
f . a .,
K. Bappu, R. Rao,
f . a .,
M. Raman Nayar, M. Kanaran, P . Krishna Nayar,
E. Kunyappan Nayar, Kelan, E. Kanaran, Raman.
Staff of European Labourers.
Mr. lAebenddrfer and family
embarked for Europe in March 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Walter
returned from Europe with renewed strength, and have joined
their station on the 22nd of January 1884. Mr. Matthissen,
after a short stay on the Hills for his health, was transferred
in December from Tellicherry town to Calicut, whereas Mr.
Schaal of Chombala was appointed in February 1885
to
Nettoor. Mr. Dilger succeeded Mr. Matthissen in town on the
11th of January 1885.
The Congregation at Nettoor was under the charge of our
aged and venerable Pastor Mr. P. Chandran, and superintend­
ed by Mr. Walter. How far the regular attendance at Di­
vine Service on the part of our Christians in Nettoor is spon­
taneous or influenced by the employment afforded by the Mis­
sion, we cannot tell.
We have been fighting hard against
drinking, an old enemy of ours, and we regret to state that
there are still some, who succumb to this evil occasionally.
The Congregation in Tellicherry town was partly super­
vised by Mr. Matthissen, and partly by Mr. Walter.
They
were assisted by Cat. J. Zacharias.
Several members, who
9
66
were struck off the roll, because they objected to pay a moder­
ate Church-rate, and others, whose drinking habits we opposed,
considered themselves aggrieved, and thought they might set
the whole Congregation against us.
There was also now and
then a struggle for precedence, and lastly our fishers felt
greatly discouraged at the bad prospects of livelihood, when
they returned home with empty nets for many a day.
second half of the year matters began to mend.
In the
We have to
mourn, however, over the fall of one of our Christian teachers.
Both Congregations number now 387 souls, several
persons having left the station in search of more remuner­
ative work elsewhere.
Three Heathen adults were baptized.
The Middle or Preparatory School was in charge of Mr.
Dilger.
Three young men were sent to the Seminary in
Mangalore in 1884, and one left for the service of colportage.
The institution has now 21 inmates. During the past year
the studying has been more cheerful and the progress more
encouraging.
The Training School for Schoolmasters was also under Mr.
Dilger’s care. One has been installed as teacher, two, who
have passed last year the 5th Grade 1st Class, are qualify­
ing themselves farther to teach in Parochial Schools. This
year five have gone up for their 5th Grade Examination.
One has, alas, relapsed into Mohammedanism (see Report 1883,
p. 69).
At present fourteen young men are under our care.
Mr. Dilger reports of the conversion of one of his pupils
as follows:
A r ich Nayar from the Palghaut Taluk, well read in Hindu lore
and also acquainted with astrology, felt a craving after truth.
At
the age o f 17 he lost his father, and shortly afterwards his mother.
H e then felt him self free to search for something more real than
Hinduism.
He came in contact with Mohammedans, who partly
through Tamil books and tracts advocating the claims o f Moharn-
medanism, and partly through their teaching gained him over. It was
more the rationality of Islamitic theology, than the license of the
flesh that attracted him. The unity of God, proclaimed by the Ko­
ran, which long before had dawned on his mind, and the claim of the
Koran to be a Divine and therefore authoritative revelation, induced
him to go on the sly to Ponany, where 400 Maulavis gather round
“ the great lamp” , where the study of the Koran flourishes, and where
Islamitic piety has provided for the sustenance of teachers and pupils.
After two months he was circumcised, when he received the name of
Omar and the peculiar Mappilla topee. He then set about to learn
the Koran in Arabic by heart, a Maulavi giving him help in grammar
and exegesis. After having studied hard for two years he had learned
the Koran by heart. After due examination he was received into
the order of priesthood, which was followed by farther study of the
Koran, the reading of exegetical works, and the hearing of good pro­
fessors. His health having suffered, he went twice to Trevandrum for
a change of air. In order to improve his finances, he then entered the
Normal School at Ponany.
Whilst there, a Nayar gave him Dr.
Gundert’s translation of the Malayalam N. Test., which he carefully
perused. The contradictions of the Koran, the adventurous character
of Mohammed’s life, the strangeness of the wonders Mohammed per­
formed, the inadequate fruits Mohammedanism produced, the intole­
rance and distrust of enquiry into other religious systems which it im­
posed on its followers, all this helped him to see that he was in the
wrong. He retired to Tellicherry, where he became acquainted with
the mystery of free salvation through Christ. He has since been
baptized, and we sincerely hope he will become more and more
grounded in Jesus Christ, “ who of God is made unto us wisdom, and
righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption.’ ’ (1 Cor. i. 30.)
The Parochial School at Nettoor, under the supervision of
Mr. Dilger was attended by 16 Christian boys and 21 Christian
girls, or 37 pupils. On the whole the results of the examina­
tion were satisfactory.
Mrs. Walter and Mrs. Dilger superin­
tended the needle-work of the girls.
The Infants’ School at Nettoor, opened and kept on by our
68
Christians, is a sort of nursery for about 25 little boys and
girls.
The Sunday School has entered on its second year of
existence. It is attended by 52 boys and girls.
The Anglo-Vernacular Parsi School in Tellicherry was under
the management of Mr. Matthissm. He reports:
Our High School has 254 pupils, of whom 23 are Christian boys.
In spite of competition we have not only not lowered our Christian
standard, but consider the fear and knowledge of God the chief aim,
and consequently we have bestowed as much trouble on teaching re­
ligion as on that of any other subject. As we desire to raise the cha­
racter of the school, we have struck off badly reputed scholars, but en­
couraged moral young men to go on. We are happy to state that the
results of the school, were encouraging, the inspecting Government
officers testifying their approval at a public distribution of prizes.
There were also given prizes for proficiency in the Bible. May this
School continue to he a living exponent of Christianity.
The Girls’ School in town affords instruction to 7 girls and
5 boys, or 12 Christian children. Mrs. Matthissen teaches
English and needle-work. A more suitable locality is needed.
The Anjarkandy Vernacular School, and the Kuttuparambu
Vernacular School, under Mr. Walter are attended by 27 and
42 pupils respectively. Of these only 3 boys and 3 girls are
Christians.
The Vernacular School at Dharmapattanam, with 39 boys
and 7 girls (one of each being a Christian) was superintended
by Mr. Dilger, and the one at Chalil for fishermen’s children
with 48 boys (7 Christian) and 7 girls (1 Christian), or 55
pupils in all, by Mr. Matthissen.
Itinerancy. Since Mr. Walter’s transfer to this Station
preaching to the Heathen could be carried on under direct
European superintendence. Mr. Walter reports as follows:
During ten months of the past year, I have worked systemati­
cally the Southern half of the Cottayam Taluk, beginning at the South­
69
west corner. I spent 156, and my Native Assistants 467 days. In
the above, weekly preaching in the fishing-village and in the bazaar,
and other evangelisation work in and around Tellicherry, are not
included.
Mr. Dilger, and the teachers under him, visited several Heathen
festivals in the neighbourhood, and began regular preaching in cer­
tain places, accompanied by his pupils, who generally support the
party by singing.
We subjoin a few extracts from Mr. Walter’s diary:
At a goldsmith’s, a bevy of exorcists practised their sorcery
on a woman whom they pronounced to be possessed of evil spirits.
They pretended to have ejected six devils out of her, and said, they
were at work to cast out the seventh.
Many women listened gladly and expressed their joy at our
having visited them, and made them acquainted with the “Satya
Veda” or the true Veda. After night-fall many people came to our
quarters.
We also met a Tlyan, who informed us that Mr. Strange, (one of
the late judges of Tellicherry), had preached to him the Word of
God and given him a “ Heart-Book.”
At a place some Nayars had arranged to beat us. They desisted,
however, on being threatened by another that he would give in their
names. Another party of ours, however, was really attacked and
beaten by some fanatical Heathen. Such negative results also prove
that the Word of God has taken effect.
Many Christian Tracts and Books have been sold. They will
help to explain the Word already heard, and act as a sort of
permanent teacher.
Bible-Women: Two elderly women under the supervision
of Mrs. Watter have begun in the second half of the year to
visit their Heathen sisters at their homes.
We hear that:
They have often met with suspicion and even been told by the
owners that they must decline receiving their visits, but on the
whole their reception was encouraging. They have not only been
70
gladly listened to, but Portions of Scripture and New Testaments have
found their way into many a house, and, may many a heart be led to
the truth.
The Weaving Establishment was under the charge of Mr.
Dilger and superintended by Mr. Schönthal at Cannanore.
C HOMB A L A .
Otlt-Stations:
Kandappankundu, Mahe, Muvaratu.
Rev. W. Schmolk, in charge of the Station, and Out-stations.
Rev. J. Jaus, Itinerancy.
Catechists
Timothy Vengalan, Gabriel Pirachan, Tobias Chembankodan,
Henry Menzel.— Jacob Kumaran.
Christian School-masters
Silas Ranoch,
Willy Allan, C. Ambroise, Mose Ponnon,
David Padiyattu.
B ib le-w om en
Rebecca Chembankodan, Clara Ponnon, Martha Tychicus,
Rebecca Chettiyan Macody.
*
Christian School-mistresses
Ruth Mavattil, Maria Matthew.
Heathen School-masterB
Shankaran, Chandu Nayar.
Staff of European Labourers. Mr. Wagner left for Europe on
the 17th of March with his orphan child. Mr. School fell sick
of typhoid fever, but God in His mercy raised him up again.
71
After a stay of several months on the Hills he was transferred
to Tellicherry in February 1885. Mr. Hole, one of the late
arrivals from Europe, stayed a little longer than one month
here, when he was ordered to Calicut, whereas Mr. and Mrs.
Jaus were transferred from Calicut to this place.
The Congregation increased up to 309 against 296 souls
in 1883. This access is partly due to emigration and partly to
the 5 Heathen baptisms, 3 of whom are adults. Mr. Schmolck
was single-handed for the greater part of the past year, Cats.
Wengalan, Chembankodan, and Evang. Para assisting him in the
Congregations at Chombala, Mahe and Muvaratu respectively.
We regret to say, that some Church-members in Chombala
under discipline have not yet repented. The spirit of revolt,
especially on the part of those, who have been benefitted by
their becoming Christians, has abated, yea, we should like to
say, died out. The vice of drunkenness has still its adherents
in our midst. There are parents, who instead of ruling their
houses well and punishing their children for transgressing
God’s law, dote on their children like Eli.- Children and the
younger Church-members are pretty regular in attending
Divine Worship. The Congregation in MaM has passed through
a time of trial, and, we hope, gained thereby in faith. In
Muvaratu disputes and levity have, we regret to say, given
offence to Heathen and Mohammedans.
The Orphan Girls’ School has 86 boarders. Fourteen Chris­
tian boys and four Heathen girls attend it as day-scholars.
The state of health, thank God, has been good. The children,
which were presented for Government examination in October,
have passed with credit. They learn housekeeping, vegetableand fruit-gardening and, under Mrs. Schmolck’s and Mrs.
Jam’s superintendence, also needle-work. All the children of
the station, attending this institution, meet every Lord’s Day
in the Sunday School.
72
In the Franco-Anglo-Vernacular School at Make, Malayalam,
French and English are taught in five classes. We are thank­
ful to say that the examinations by the French Educational
Commission and the English School Inspector showed satis­
factory results, and that we enjoy the confidence of the French
Colonial Government, and of the parents of the children. There
are now 103 boys, 18 of whom are Christians.
It is intended to open a Vernacular School at Muvaratu,
where a school-house is already in course of erection.
Itinerancy.
Mr. Schmolck reports:
We are glad that the itinerancy, interrupted through Mr. Wagner's
departure for Europe, has been taken up by M r. Jaus. Whereas the
Missionaries could devote only 35 days, our Native Assistants,
superintended by me, devoted 832 days (Cat.Vengalan 112, Pirachan
179, Chembankodan 159, M enzel 199, and Evang. P a ra 163,
E v. Kumaran 20). Several Teachers and Church-members accom­
panied our Catechists and spent 43 days. If we are to represent
the work done in the Kurumbranadu Taluk in numbers, we have to
say that 51 Amshams (Maganis ), 126 Deshams (Gramas ), and 13
villages of fishers and weavers, besides four Heathen festivals
and two markets were visited 17 times.
We give another extract from Mr. Schmolk’s report:
In W adagara there are some relations of one of our Christians,
who died last year. Of these, a woman falling sick asked the opinion
of an astrologer {Kanishari), who ascribed the cause of her distemper
to being plagued by the spirit of her Christian relative. To ward
off this plague, he ordered an empty pot to be buried in the ground
up to its rim and to be covered with a wooden lid. Into that vessel
the spirit was banished, having, it is supposed, complied with the
charms of the astrologer. He is now permitted to sit on the lid and
to partake of boiled rice and arrack, (the deceased having been fond
of drink), which is from time to time offered to him. What a sad
example of Heathen darkness!
73
Mr. Jaus communicates the following information from
the diary of the Catechists :
May. A rich Brahman listened with much interest and gave us
one Rupee for our expenses. He settled a day, when we should
come again, when he would assemble the chief men of the neigh­
bourhood. He kept his promise. On the appointed day we were
asked to address a large crowd. They listened attentivly. After
such a reception it did not matter that some persons, whom we'
visited later, received us mockingly with the words: “ Behold the
Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world.” A nobleman
rejoiced to hear of the majesty and glory of Christ. “ If Christ, the
Son of God, is so glorious, how glorious must God the Father be!”
he exclaimed. He bought a New Testament.
June. A rich man for three years being acquainted with the "Word
of God, after having heard our message, replied : “I know and believe
there is salvation in no other but Christ, and am resolved to become a
Christian.” He kept his resolution, and began to put his house in
order. “ There is no more much delay", I shall soon join Christ’s
flock,” were his last words, when visited by some Christians. We
were shocked to hear a few days later of his having died suddenly.
We ought still to mention that four Bible-Women have been
at work for some months past.
The two women employed here, have to overcome prejudice and
apathy. Those in Make, on the contrary, are welcome in many a
house, and find kindred spirits among their Heathen sisters.
The Weaving Establishment
was superintended by Mr.
Schonthal and Mr. Stierlen.
10
74
C A L I C U T .
OuUStations: Coilandy (Quilandy), Bey pore.
I. Clerical Part.
Rev. J. Knobloch, in charge of the Congregation, Out-stations, and
Parochial Schools.
*Rev. J. Matthissen, „
„ High-School, & Vernacular Schools.
Rev. K. Hole, studying Malayalaro.
Native PaBtor
Rev. Joseph Jacobi.
Catechists
Jonas Padiyattu, Paul Chittayagam, Jacob Heber,
Charles Hermon, Solomon Makkadan.— Esau David.
Colporteur, Immanuel Boas.
Bible-W omen
Martha Vatcharan, Orphu Deborah.
Christian School-masters
0 Verki, Abraham Jadayappan, Isaac Mackadan,
Thomas Puttenvittil, Moses Achat, Lazar Kallat,
Samuel Parakandy, Joshua Valiavalappan, Domingo Cabral.
Christian Sehool-mistresses
Bathsheba Kuttackal, Ruth Mulil, Emily Laban,
Hannah Hoar, Angelica Parakandy.
Heathen School-masters
77. Shankaran Nayar, b . a . , M. A. Nedungady Nayar, b . a .,
Kunchi Raman Menon, b . a V. Kannan Nayanar. f . a . ,
Kandan Nayar ,
f . a .,
Keshavan Menon,
f . a .,
P. Krishnan
Kuruppu. M. Govindan Menon, Bappu, Yenkatachalam
Shastri, P. Kannan, K . Shangaran.
75
European Staff of Labourers. Mr. and Mrs. Jaus were trans­
ferred in November 1884 to Chombala, whilst Mr. Hole from
Ghombala, and Mr. and Mrs. Matthissen from Tellicherry have
joined this Station.
Mrs. Knobloch has been in bad health.
For some time Mr. Frolmmeyer, much weakened through a
typhoid complaint, has gone on forlough to Europe in
February 1885.
The Congregation has increased from 842 to 884. .This
access is to be attributed to an excess of 14 births over deaths,
a surplus of 8 of immigration over emigration, and of 20
Heathen baptisms (13 of whom are adults).
Three persons were excommunicated and nine placed under
discipline. There were two cases, where outward piety served
for some time as the cloak of inner rottenness.
There are
some, who are addicted to drinking, others again, who seek to
gratify their lusts.
Discouraging as such cases are, there are
cheering signs too, shewing that captives to sin are being liber­
ated by the grace of God now, as they were of old.
We are glad to witness that the idea, that wife-beating
was indispensably the right of the bread-winner, is gradually
dying out.
Both parties, (for very often the wife provokes
outrages), begin to be ashamed of their ways.
Nay, when
they see, how through acts of violence, cruelty, foul language,
hatred, and other vices on their part, an evil seed is sown in­
to the hearts of children which brings forth the most appal­
ling weeds, as lifting up their hands against their own pa­
rents, using filthy and insolent language etc.; then they must
feel hurt to the quick, and seek pardon from God. Our Chris­
tians begin to learn, among other habits of thriftiness, how
to exert themselves in building small houses, acquire property
of their own etc.
This is the best antidote against the
gipsy-like habits of being continually on the move, and seeking
for something new to turn up, to break off which is so difficult,
10*
76
Among the neophytes we desire to bring the case of a
poor leper to the notice of our readers, about whom Mr.
Knobloch reports, as follows:
There are some Christian lepers in the Lazaretto. They do not
put their candle under a bushel, but let it shine when an opportunity
offers itself, as is seen from the following. One of their confrères,
a Heathen, whom they took pains to convince of his need of Christ,
was born in the Palghaut District in the Nayar caste. He was hale
and healthy up to his 19th year, when the first symptoms of leprosy
began to shew themselves.
Pilgrimages undertaken to different
holy shrines in order to propitiate the Deity proved useless, nay, his
sickness made only progress. After having lived for several years
in his country, as a person more or less shunned by relatives, and
friends, he set out— about 7 to 8 years ago—to Calicut, where he
was admitted into the Lazaretto for lepers. During all this time he
heard the "Word of God repeatedly without feeling the need of a
Saviour. The happy frame of mind and the example of one Shantappa,
and the other Christian fellow-sufferers, however, convinced him that
they, though in the same misery as himself, were spiritually better
off. His sickness growing worse, and rendering him daily more
helpless, he felt more inclined to lay hold on Jesus. After careful
instruction I, (Knobloch), baptized him on the 26th of April in the
hospital for lepers in the presence of his Christian and Heathen
fellow-sufferers. The poor man was so helpless at the time, that he
had to be carried. He crossed his arms during the performance of
the holy rite, and felt extremely happy at the grace vouchsafed to
him by God in Christ Jesus. His new name is Jesudasan. On Christmas-day he was brought in a cart to Church, where he with five other
Christian lepers attended Divine Service. How happy they all felt,
especially, when through the liberality of a Swiss Sunday-School
Union each of them received a new jacket as a present.
The Congregation at Coilandy, in charge of the Native
Pastor Mr. J. Jacobi, had a more quiet time. Brotherly love
united the hearts which were separated. Poverty was trying to
77
some. The new Chapel was consecrated on the 17th of
February 1884.
The Mixed Vernacular School at Coilandy, in spite of rival
schools, has kept its head above water. The result of the
grant-in-aid examination was satisfactory. We are glad that
the Heathen parents and their children appreciate the Bible.
The School is attended by 53 Heathen and 11 Christian
children (64 in all), three of the former and six of the latter
being girls.
The Parochial Girls’ School at Calicut has three divisions,
namely a purely Vernacular or Primary one, a Middle-School
and a Preparandi Class, with 61, 15, and 7 girls respectively,
making 83 pupils in all.
Last year 9 girls went up for the
5th Grade Examination. We hope they will qualify themselves
for School-mistresses.
Four of these enjoyed Mission scholar­
ships. We begin to have our doubts whether this kind of help
does not interfere with the formation of a good and solid
character.
The needle-work of the girls was carried on under the
supervision of Mrs. Knobloch, with the assistance of Mrs. Fieg
and Mrs. Eckelmann.
The Infants’ School has 24 boys and 27 girls, or 51 children
in all.
The High School was under the care of Mr. Frohnmeyer,
assisted by 17 teachers, with 14 classes. The maximum atten­
dance was 401. At the close of the year we had 85 Christian
and 287 Heathen boys, or 372 pupils.
In our getting rid of
doubtful elements we have been guided by Dr. Arnold’s
maxim: “ Till a man learns that the first, second, and third
duty of a school-master is to get rid of unpromising subjects,
a great public school will never be what it might be and what
it ought to be.” Part of the decrease from 409 in 1883 to
372 pupils is due to the new order of the Educational Depart­
78
ment raising the school-fees.
The progress of the pupils in
the Bible is partly satisfactory, and partly deficient; that in se­
cular knowledge has met with the approval of the Director of
Public Instruction, who says in his official report: “ The Basel
Mission School at Calicut is described as the best of the Prote­
stant Mission Schools” . The grant-in-aid and the salary-grant
have been less than last year, “ no funds being available.”
The Vernacular School at Putiyangadi was in charge of
Mr. Frohnmeyer. Owing to the alteration and unfair practices
of rival schools, the attendance has fallen from 70 to 48 pupils,
of whom 8 are girls. The examination in the Bible and in
secular knowledge was satisfactory.
The Hindu Girls’ School at Chalapuram, begun by Mrs.
Frohnmeyer in 1882 with 4 girls, numbers now 28 girls, who
attend pretty regularly. Their progress was creditable. There
are four classes. Mrs. Fieg has taken charge of the school.
Itinerancy. Mr. Jaus, the itinerating preacher of this Station,
having been transferred, could only devote 115 days to this
district. The Native itinerating preacher, Cat. Padiyattu was
appointed to congregational work in the second half-year.
Several Catechists have spent most of their time in preaching
to the Heathen.
A few extracts will characterise their work.
Mr. Jaus
writes:
In M atavur, even people who lived in the ju n gle came to see us.
"When we asked them whether they were not afraid o f wild beasts,
they replied in the negative, addin g: “ W e have twelve gods to pro­
tect us.”
W e had favourable opportunities to preach the GospeL
W hen we left the place, people told us our leaving them was like
that o f a mother forsaking her new born babe.
In this place great respect is paid to the dead body o f a tiger.
A s soon as a tiger is shot, a special kind o f tom-tom calls the people
together.
W hen they have arrived, a howl is set up while 2 to 4
79
sorcerers cajole the tiger, saying: “O child, hast thou been shot? 0
child, what sin didst thou commit that this has befallen thee?” This
reverence may have its origin in the Malayalam slang name of the
tiger: ammoccan, maternal uncle (or mother’s father?).
Cat. J. Padiyattu, in a report characterizing the different
hearers, writes about Mohammedans as follows:
"We make roughly 4 divisions:
1. Those who generally take an interest in the Bible and
especially in the histories of the Old Testament. But they are mostly
on the look out for amusement. Whenever they can interrupt us,
or abet others in doing so by raillery, dispute etc., they are glad to
improve the opportunity.
2. A second kind listen attentively.— “ Thatis all right so far” ,
they accost us, “ but Jesus himself through his pointing to Mohammed
has invalidated his own teaching. You ought to join us, the people
of the fourth Vedam.”
These do not see that the Koran cannot
satisfy the thirsty soul.
B. The most promising kind are those who declare that Christ
is the greatest Prophet (Nabi), but who take umbrage at our
calling him the Son o f God. They say that, as the different prophets
are Divine ambassadors, we are bound to accept their words as the
Word of God, and to obey them.
4. During my 15 years’ travels I have come across a most
hopeful case, one who saw that the works enjoined by the Koran
or by Moses are insufficient, and that we require Christ’s righteous­
ness to be accounted to us. “I begin to doubt,” he said, “ whether
Mohammed or Christ is to be followed. I will, however, make further
enquiries.”
Mr. Frohnmeyer writes:
We have to refer to a literary polemic attack on Christianity.
has edited a
pamphlet entitled “ Katlxora Kuthara ” (terrible axe) part I. “ Ajnanavadha ” (ignorance destroyed), Calicut 1884. I refuted his attacks
in our Monthly Malayalam Journal, the Keralopakari. After the 2nd
article the opponent had posted a placard, calling upon me to appear
Syad Hammed Saheb Makan S. Sanavulla Mackadi
80
in a public place to perform the exorcism of a devil. As I did not
comply with his fancy, he has since edited a paper, Paropakari, in
which he answers my arguments by abusive language.
We mention with pleasure that since August two Biblewomen have been at work.
At first Airs. Jaus. who was since transferred, and at present
Mrs. Elsässer, superintended their work and accompanied them re­
peatedly during their visits There are of course instances, when
the women are asked to go their way and not to trouble themselves.
But on the whole their reception has been kind and encouraging.
A number of portions of Scripture and Tracts have been sold. We
were especially struck by the gross ignorance of the poorer classes.
Such spiritual neglect acts as a stimulant on us, to be faithful in
discharging our duty towards them.
Also in this year two Colporteurs, one for Bibles, another
for Tracts have been busy either to support us, or to smoothen
our way for preaching.
II. Industrial and Mercantile Fart.
Mr. Th. Elsässer, M. M.-Branch and Weaving Establishment.
Mr. C. Feuchter; Tile-Works, Arackal.
Mr. E. G. Halbrock, Mercantile Mission-Branch.
Mr. G. Benner, Carpenter’s Establishment.
Mr. J. Fieg, Mercantile Mission-Branch.
Mr. Ostermeyer and family left for Europe 011 the 16th of
February. Mrs. Elsässer was nigh unto death, but the Lord
in His mercy spared her life.
The Carpentry, we are glad to say, has had a year of pros­
perity. Our ten apprentices have shown a greater liking for
their trade than formerly. Idleness, now and then favoured
81
by daily wages, disappears more and more through task-work.
A small Sunday-School, attended by IS children, is kept up.
The Tilery in charge of Mr. Feuchter has acquired some
land to erect a bangalow for the manager, and a place for
meetings. There is a Sunday-School, attended by a number
of Heathen workmen belonging to the establishment.
The Carpentry, Tilery, Weaving and 2Iercantilc Establish­
ments provide work for 188 persons, or 36-5 per cent of the
adult portion of our Congregation. Some of our Lay-Missionaries have rendered the direct Mission work both among
Christians and Heathen material assistance.
C 0 D A C A L.
Ollt-Stotions: Parappery, Malapuram, Manchery, Nilambur, Ponnani.
Rev. G. Kiihnle.
Catechists
David Teikandi, Esra Arunajalam, Joseph Taddai.
Colporteur,
Timothy Spadikam.
Christian School-masters
Theophil Shankaran, Caleb Appayan, Metlmsalah Peter,
Mark Kuttikan, Samuel Cabral.
Staff of European Labourers. Mrs. Kiihnle has been suffer­
ing a good deal; but the Lord has granted her relief.
The Congregation has slightly decreased by 8 souls, owing
to an excess of emigration over births, and other causes, and
numbers now 368 souls.
Mr. Kiihnle reports:
11
82
A grand-mother with three grand-children was baptized. Most
of our Catechumens came on account of poverty; yet there seems to
be a work of God in a few. Among these we mention a young man
who had lived in sin. Although his mother and relations would
have hailed his turning over a new leaf, they disliked his doing so by
joining the Christians. No attempts were spared to shake his reso­
lution. As a last resource the mother in company of his bride, decked
out in all her finery, visited him, expecting thereby to draw him
away. The counterpart of the Heathen mother is an old Christian
woman, who about 24 years ago had been baptized with her second
husband and children. She had a son by the first husband, who had
deserted her, whereupon his relatives took charge of the child.
This son she never lost sight of, but kept on entreating to become
a Christian, till at last her prayers were answered by his joining the
church of Christ with his family.
As regards the spiritual growth of our Christians, we may say,
(although it sounds strange), that they make spiritual progress
in the same degree as they clear off their debts, and try to acquire
property of their own. We acknowledge with hearty thanks the
good harvest the Lord has granted to our exertions. Encouraging as
it is to see Divine Service regularly attended, we regret that some
try to cloak thereby their insincerity. There are also some, who
take a delight in traducing others, and in mischief-making. These
turn the cold shoulder to the Gospel’s invitation.
The Parochial School in this rural district has had its strug­
gles, but has made favourable progress. There are 19 boys
and 25 girls, or 44 pupils in all.
There is also a Sunday-School, attended by 73 children and
adults.
The Boys’ Orphanage at Pamppery has 35 boarders, 3 of
whom are Heathen boys. Five pupils are Day-scholars. Great
care has been taken to fit those poor orphans for the humbler
spheres of life. They learn and work with pleasure.
Itinerancy. The Catechists E. Armiajalam and J. Taddai
travelled in the Eranadu and Ponnani Taluks.
83
As in other years, the Weaving Establishment, a branch of the
one at Calicut and under the supervision of Mr. EUUsser, lias
employed a number of our Christians.
PALGHAUT.
Ollt-Stations:
W adaokenchorry, Panayur, Knnnani, Kinannur.
Rev. A. Ruhland, in charge o f the Station, Out-stations and
Itinerancy.
Rev. H. Bachmann,
„
„
Congregation and Schools
at Palghaut.
Catechists
Antony Paul Velliatingara, Isaac Laban TJnneri,
Cyprian Arunajalam-, Christian Kottai, Stephan Kallat.—
Abraham Arangadan.
Christian Sehool-masters
John Kurian, Immanuel Ittirarichan, Christian Paranjoti,
Abraham Vasishthan, Paul Kallarickal,
Hiskiah Asharivalappil, Benjamin Kirakwittam.
Christian School-mistress, Deborah OH.
Heathen Sehool-masters
N. P. Krishnan, N. K. Krishnan, Raman Pattan,
Karuppan Panickar.
The Congregation has increased through births and immi­
gration from 151 to 163. An aged Heathen was baptized; he
died believing in Jesus,
84
Mr. R u h lw id writes:
In the beginning o f the year we had a good deal o f anxiety.
Cat. J. Chammanchery and Bible-Colporteur George returned from
a preaching tour, having been attacked
virulent type.
with cholera o f a very
M yself and some Catechists tended the sick by day and
night, taking it by turns.
The Colporteur died after having testified
to the Cross o f Christ being his refuge.
The day follow ing the Cate-
chist’ s wife, who had caught the sickness whilst nursing her hus­
band, succumbed, admonishing her young nurse to believe in Christ.
The terror, struck into the hearts o f our Christians by cholera,
turned some into a wholesome fear of God, whereas others relapsed
afterwards into their old ways.
W e have been shocked to find that
the Catechist, whom God spared so m ercifully, bad been living in sin,
and was not drawn to repentance through this warning.
As he
has proved unworthy o f his holy calling, although an old servant,
he had to be dismissed.
Towards the end o f the year we were cheered by the conversion
o f a former pupil o f our Anglo-Vernacular School here.
been baptized on Epiphany 1 8 85 .
He has
W e wish him strength to resist
all open and hidden attempts made to draw him away from Jesus.
The Anglo-Vernacular Sohool exists since 1858.
It cost
a great deal of patient self-denial, to influence the popu­
lation of Palgliaut for good and create in them a desire for
education. Although we had the satisfaction of witnessing
a gradual awakening from sleep, yet we were disappointed
in seeing that the inhabitants of Palgliaut in general, and the
Brahmans in particular, are averse to Christianity, and that
they in different ways try to minimize the influence which a
Christian school might exercise on the commonwealth.
We
look, however, forward to the time, when our intentions will be
more appreciated. For the present we have to report a fall­
ing off, so that instead of 108 pupils as in 1883, we closed
the year with 58 only. Of these, 12 belong to the lower and
46 to the higher division, 9 being Christians.
The Hindu Girls’ School has been removed to the Missioncompound. It is attended by S Christian and 5 Hindu girls,
or 13 pupils. Besides the lessons in the Vernacular, J)Frs.
Ruliland and Mrs. Bachmann instruct them in needle-work
and English.
The Vernacular School in Kannani, in spite of the fickle
patronage of the villagers, has prospered till now. It has
5S pupils, three of whom are girls.
The Vernacular Sshool in Panayur suffered partly through
a rival school, now discontinued, and partly through cholera.
It musters only 34 pupils against 50 in 18S3, of these a
boy and a girl are Christians and 3 girls are Heathen. The
progress made was satisfactory.
The Vernacular School in Wadackencherry has slightly re­
covered during the past year. It has now 31 pupils, and
of these 3 are Christian boys, and 1 a Christian girl.
Itinerancy. Much time -was devoted to this branch during
the past year. Air. Ruliland spent 157, Evang. Abraham, 152,
Cat. Cyprian 127, Cat. Antony 99, Cat. Stephan 93, Cat.
Christian42 , Cat. Paul 37, Cat. Isaac 34, and others 57 days,
or 798 days in itinerant preaching.
Mr. RuJdand reports as follows:
During the monsoon visits from house to house were made in
Palghaut and W adackenchery.
In the fine season we worked in
the South and South-east portion o f our district, as well as in the
Cochin enclosure or the Chittoor Taluk, visiting all the Heathen festi­
vals and Brahman villages within the aforesaid compass.
preaching raises opposition here and there.
Our
In one village the
Brahmans were not ashamed to use offensive language and even
missiles to get rid o f us. Others pretend that man's fall, tyavid’ s adul­
tery, Jesus’ s cursing the fig-tree, the birth and death o f Jesus’ s etc.
are most offensive records. Once when I was preaching a man, intent
on weakening the impression o f my sermon, alluded to Lot’ s incest,
86
“ ■Well”, I replied, “ that the Bible does not gloss over the sin of Lot,
and even of great men, is the best proof of the truthfulness of the
Word of God” . Another time a Brahman thought to have shown,
that Jesus’s death and Christ’s divinity were abject contradictions, and
was on the point of provoking laughter at our expense, when I replied:
“ Just this foolishness of the Cross of Christ is my glory.
Had*
Jesus not laid down His life a ransom for our sins, there would
not exist any propitiation, and consequently no eternal life for you
and me.”
As regards the Book of the Shastri Pattar, (see Report 1880,
p. 50), it makes on some the impression that Christianity had
been refuted. Other staunch friends of his again are scanda­
lized at his inconsistent walk, and have left his guidance.
IV. XILGIRI.
KAI T Y.
Oilt-Stations: Xerkambe, Kateri, Adhikarhatti, Tuneri, Hanikore,
Manihatti, Nunjanad, Sholur, Kollimalli.
Rev. F. Midler, in charge of the Station, Congregation, and
Educational work.
Rev. A. Spering, Itinerancy.
Catechists
John Philip.— Silas Shanta, Isaac Serkambe.
Christian School-masters
John Nerkambe, Solomon Beera, Samuel Jacob,
David Solomon.
Christian Sehool-mistress,
Ruth.
Heathen School-masters
Nandi, Konga, Chinnappan Nayaka, Arulananda,
N. Arulananda.
Staff of European Labourers. Mr. Stokes and Mr. Spering
of Udapy have exchanged their Stations.
Congregation. Small as our flock is, we are pained to think
that there were scabby sheep in our midst, and that much
offence had been given. “ It must needs be that offences come;
but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh” and “ behold
therefore the severity of God: on them which fell, severity;
but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in His goodness:
88
otherwise thou also shalt be cut off” ; these were the words, of
which we were powerfully reminded. Owing to discipline and
emigration our numbers have decreased from 76 to 64.
There were, however, redeeming points during the year
under review. The two Badaga youths Tati and Linga, who
joined us more than a year ago, and had since then been ap­
prenticed in the Carpentry at Calicut, were baptized on the
22nd of May, after which they returned to Calicut to com­
plete their apprenticeship. Their names are now David and
Jonathan. Some 25 soldier Brethren from Wellington and
some 50 English friends helped to make the ceremony more
impressive. The new Kaity bell, a present of Christian friends
from Frankfort, was rung for the first time on that occasion.
There are some persons who have experienced that the Gospel,
of Christ is the power of God unto salvation to every one that
believeth, and placed themselves under instruction.
Others again, Heathen, take a delight in reading the Bible
and in making it their standard of holiness, but they have
been threatened of late by the head-man and the council of
their village with loss of caste and the right of living in their
midst, should they persist in that heresy. They will soon have
an opportunity to show whether the love of God or the love
of the world governs themThe Sshool-work of this Station, superintended by Mr. Müller,
has met with encouragement from the Government and their
officers, the friends of the Mission, and from the Heathen
population, for whose benefit these schools were erected. Be­
fore entering on details we mention first:
The Orphanage for Boys, which educates 14 orphans. 28
Badaga boys and 4 Christian girls attend as Day-scholars,
and 22, four of whom are Heathen, as Sunday-scholars. In
connection with this school we add, that we should like to
offer to proficient boys, who have passed their village-schools,
89
the opportunity of studying farther, and of qualifying them­
selves as teachers of their countrymen.
As to the Vernacular Schools, we have now eight for Badaga
Boys. Those in Kaity. amounting to 28, attend the Orphanage
there as Day-scholars. Then follow Kateri (21), Adhikärhatti
(21), Tüneri (24), Hanikore (19), Manihatti (17), Nanjauäd
(16), and Shölür (19), or 165 pupils in all.
Mr. Muller reports:
It was a matter o f great jo y for us and some Kaity and Kateri
boys, when the Deputy Inspector o f Schools gave them “ Certificates
for having successfully passed the Low er Primary Examination” .
The Nanjanadu school-house, 8 miles distant from Kaity, was
warmed on the 10th o f March with due solemnity in the presence
o f a good congregation o f Badagas.
When we remember that
formerly the late M r. S. Gunderl complained how women and children
had run off at his approach and bolted the door behind them, we
appreciate the change for the better.
This is the fourth school-house
built by the Badagas, and we thankfully acknowledge a grant o f
timber from the Forest Department Office.— The villagers o f Sholur
have placed a Badaga house at our disposal for keeping a school.—
There is a prospect o f a school-house being built at H anikore.—
The excitement in Tuneri, caused by some conversions, has gradually
subsided, and the School begins to fill again.
Quite a joyful event was the opening of a School at
Kollimalli, in one of the seven Kota villages, nearest to Kaity.
The Kötas, as a caste, eat carrion and are therefore shunned
by all the castes on the Hills.
Of this School, which is
attended by 15 pupils, Mr. Midler reports:
Since some time the villagers in Kollimalli begged hard o f me to
open a school among them, offering to give me all assistance in their
power. After several Teachers had declined being employed there,
on account o f the filthy habits o f the Kötas, I succeeded in August
in getting a teacher.
Since the School has been opened, the youths
o f Kollimalli attend it with a kind o f enthusiasm, nay, men and women
12
90
peep into the school-room to see, what they never in their life had
seen, i. e., how knowledge is acquired, and are quite surprised when
they hear their own children sing Badaga songs.
To give our friends an idea of the uphill work in these Schools,
we observe that, whereas the Badagas speak a Canarese dialect,
the Kotas have a language of their own, which is understood by no
other tribe but the Todas. As the Nilgiris belong politically to
Coimbatore, where Tamil prevails, we teach Tamil as a language, and
make it the medium of communication of knowledge. Till either
Badaga or Kota boys learn enough of Tamil to be successfully
taught through the medium of that language, one to two years must
elapse. This is no small loss of time.
Mr. Milller has devoted much time to repeated School in­
spections (102 visits), as also to a course of monthly instruc­
tions to qualify the teachers of the different Schools better
for their work.
Itinerancy. In the past year Mr. Stokes spent 94, Evang.
Nerkambe 82, Evang. Shanta 82, and Cat. Philip 117 days,
or 375 days in itinerating preaching.
Mr. Stokes reports:
I visited several coffee-gardens and was mostly well received
by the proprietors or their overseers. The coolies on the whole
listen attentively.
In Matinadu we met several Todas, who went a begging from
village to village. They make a most pitiful impression.— In M anihatti I tried to apply a lighted match to the bare foot of the chief
fire-dancer. He withdrew his foot in haste, remarking that there
was a great difference between this fire and the one in the temple-yard
of M ellur , which a man is enabled to bear by abstaining from all sort
of pollution, and by observing certain religious exercises. —In Bom bhatti my assistant translated a tract on the folly of idolatry into
Badaga to a large gathering of elders. A stone-mason, who cuts
idols of Ganapati, was much displeased, and in order to counteract the
effects of the tract, he assured them that he knows of cases where
91
European Christians did adopt the religion of the Hindus.—In
Adhikarhatti we showed Bible-pictures. A stone-mason, thinking
he could outdo us, brought an illustrated history of Krishna. We
were shocked at the highly offensive pictures he showed us, and
gave him an earnest reproof.
As to the opportunities offering themselves for preaching, we may
remark that we sometimes quite unexpectedly get a small congre­
gation. Either some festivity, or deliberations and inquiries about
their caste, brings people together; if not, we meet men returning
from their work. As regards the villages, we always find women
and children to listen to our message.
KOTARGIRI.
Out-Stations:
Kodanad, Dimhatti, Naduhatti, Kalhatti, Nidugula.
Rev. W. Sikemeier.
Catechist,
Jacob Kanaka.
Christian Sehool-masters
Onanapragasam, Simon Hiria, Simon Bala,
Christian, Methusalah.
Christian School-mistress, Rhoda.
Heathen School-master
Chivana.
Staff of European Labourers. Mr. Hermelink with family left
for Europe on furlough, in 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Sikemeier,
who have lately returned from Europe, will take up the work.
92
The Congregation has increased from 142 to 149 souls; one
family, who since years had despised Divine ordinances, was ex­
cluded in order to get rid of dead weight, and to warn other indif­
ferent adherents. The services are Tamulo-Canarese. The little
flock in Kodanadu is visited once a month, when the coolies
of the adjoining plantations get a share of our ministration.
The Orphanage for Girls has ten inmates. We gladly men­
tion that there was no instance of elopement, with its de­
moralizing consequences. The girls, besides getting decent
schooling,* are being taught all the work necessary for a Na­
tive family, needle-work and gardening. 17 Christian boys,
4 Christian girls, 7 Heathen boys, and 1 Heathen girl, or
29 pupils attend as Day-scholars.
We lost last year about
twenty Badaga boys through the conversion of a Badaga
youth, aud this year there was a farther falling off of
16 pupils through a rival school.
There are three Vernacular Day-Schools at Naduhatti (22), at
Kannerimnkha (17), and Kalhatti (16), and two Night-Schools
at Dimhatti (30-40), and at Nidugula (14), for Badaga boys,
mustering 109 pupils in all. Mr. JELermelink reports:
In Kodanadu a new School was opened.
came to learn Tam il.
Even four Toda boys
The heavy rains daring the North-east mon­
soon however showed us the insuitability o f the locality.
therefore removed it to Nidugula, a large Badaga village.
"We have
There
is only a Night-School for the present there, but we hope to have
also a Day-School shortly.— The Kannerimukha School was removed
to Dimhatti, where also a
Night-School
is
well
attended.— In
Kalhatti we opened a School about the middle of March.
strive to emulate those o f Naduhatti.
The boys
The Schools are regularly
inspected by m yself and the Cat. Kanaka.
Itinerancy. Mr. Hermelink, in company of the Catechist, or
Evangelist Silas of Kaity, has been visiting and revisiting a
number of Badaga villages as regularly as possible.
Besides,
93
the gathering of Badagas for 3 large “ Manemëlé” offered a
most welcome opportunity to preach the Gospel to larger
crowds.
Mr. Hermelink writes:
The Badagas are in the habit of celebrating a kind of “ all souls’
day” in each district after the lapse of every 30 to 40 years. It lasts
about 3 to 5 days and is intended to secure everlasting rest and bliss
to the dead, by counteracting the influences of deficient or neglectful
obsequies, and by acting beneficially in the case of persons, who have
met with a violent death in the woods, or died of contagious diseases.
This year there was quite a round of festivities. They took place
in the middle of January in Illatori near Coonoor, from the 6th to the
9th of February in NicLugula near Koddnadu, and from the 14th to the
16th of February in Chakketro to the S. E. of K otargiri. As far as we
could see, there was nothing done which could be connected with the
dead. It rather looked as if the remembrance of grim death was to be
drowned by eating, drinking, gambling, dancing and other extrava­
gancies, according to the old Heathen saying : “ Let us eat and drink,
for to-morrow we must die.” Whereas as late as 12 years ago the
Badagas celebrated such feasts without having recourse to intoxicating
liquor, there are now on each “ Mela” from 4 to 6 booths, where beer
and brandy is drunk in large quantities, and, as on such occasions
the Badagas come together from the remotest corners, these M elas
are a sort of places of apprenticeship where men hitherto sobçr learn
to drink. It is most painful to see the havoc made by liquor among a
hitherto sober hill-tribe. As we testify against drinking, we are
disliked by vendors of liquor. In order to carry on the preaching more
successfully, we asked M r. Stokes and his Catechists to come to our
help,which they also did twice. In Chakketro we had erected a booth
at some distance from the din ; it was for 3 days surrounded by smaller
or larger crowds of Badagas, who were attracted by our Badaga
songs and listened willingly.— To judge from our reception in the
villages, there is evidently not much desire for salvation. Many
when they see us, walk off or pretend to be urgently engaged in
some work; sometimes we must leave again a village, because
nobody will listen to us. The want of rain, however, during the South/
94
west monsoon, which caused the fields to dry up, and the too great a
quantity of rain during the North-east monsoon which spoiled the
crops, begin to be felt by the Badagas. According to the proverb
that “ it never rains but pours” the reduction of hands and of wages
in the plantations on account of the low price of coffee, tells further
on many a family. This is a visitation for a people, who were
accustomed during the last 15 years to spend their money in litigation
and drinking.
They have received another warning, namely about 100 men in­
tended to go to Mettupolliam in order to buy a dress for Hette, a
goddess of the Badagas, and to bring it up in solemn procession.
As the cholera was raging there, they enquired of the oracle and
were told not to go. Some, bent on going, were displeased at the an­
swer, and enquired a second time; the answer came now according
to their liking. They set out, and when met by our Catechist, who
wished them to return in health, they replied: “ There is no reason
to fear; we go by Bette's order, and she is powerful enough to keep us” .
On their way back the priest of the goddess of cholera and one of
the company fell sick and died the same day. Another died on the
way up, when, seized by terror, all fled into their mountains. Six
more persons fell victims to the disease and several others are in
a most critical state of health.
95
Obituary.
During the past fourteen months two of our Missionary
staff have been called by the Lord to their rest.
Sophia Charlotte Bühler, née Schuhmann, was born in Esslingen
on the 2nd o f February 18 29 , married to M r. John Mich. Biihler at
M angalore on the 12th o f October 1 8 49 , and becam e a widow in
18 54 .
After the Lord had purified her soul through protracted
feebleness and bad health, she fell asleep in Him at the Home
o f the Deaconesses at Stuttgart on the 15th o f August 18 84 .
W illiam R oth was a Native o f Dundenheim in Baden, Germany.
He was born on the 11th o f February 1 8 2 8 , entered the MissionCollege at Basel about 1 8 5 0 , and was sent to India in 1 8 57 , where
he
arrived
in Decem ber
at
Bettigerry (South-Mahratta).
The
late, distinguished M r. Würth introduced him into the language and
into the Mission-work.
In 18 59 he married.
To his great sorrow,
the reason o f his partner having become affected, he was forced to
accompany her home towards the end o f 1 8 61 .
God in His m ercy took her to Himself.
Whilst in Germany
In 1864 he was permitted
to rejoin his station Bettigerry, where he, with his second wife took
charge o f the G irls’ Orphanage. W hilst there he was deeply affected
through the fall o f a fellow -labourer.
It was therefore a great
re lief to his mind, when he saw the Lord’s working in bringing
Heathen to the faith in Christ.
In Shagoti, for instance, the seed
sown about 20 years ago, began “ to ripen into fruit last year” , as the
Report for 1865 (page 46) informs us.
This place then becam e an
out-station and continued to cheer the heart o f our brother.
It is de­
scribed in 1867 as “ a highly interesting and promising place” , and in
1869 as “ the most hopeful part o f the Mission-field.”
In 18 74
M r. Roth went home a second time and returned to Eubly in 1876
with renewed strength for the heavy task of famine relief-works,
when he suffered a good deal from fever.
About two years ago he got a stroke of apoplexy.
Although
somewhat debilitated, he carried on his work till lately-
In the
96
hope o f being able to return home in spring 18 85 , he prepared for
his departure.
W hilst he paid a farew ell visit to Dharwar, he had
a second attack o f apoplexy on the 24th o f February 1 8 8 5 , which
left him unconscious till the time o f his death which, after a hard
struggle, occurred on the 27th o f February 18 85 .
His sudden
death was especially painful to his wife, who was longing for a
farew ell-w ord for
Europe.
her children, whom
she is going to meet in
The Christians at H ubly and Unakallu, when they heard
their beloved Pastor had died, came in a body to do him the
last honours.
He was burried on the 28th o f February 1 8 8 5 .
The deceased was an humble and unpretending man, who tried
to serve his Master.
His ch ief ability consisted in the discharge o f
his pastoral duties.
May the Lord comfort his widow and his or­
phan children.
A SHORT SKETCH OF TH E LIFE OF
The Rev. Joseph Frederic Josenhans,
Late Principal of the Basel German Evangelical Mission.
He was born on the 9th o f February 1812 at Leonberg in Würt­
temberg, Germany.
He was the eleventh o f nineteen children.
His
father was a sober, steady, and a plodding m erchant; his mother
a lively energetic woman of French descent.
Both his parents were
pious p eop le; as such they were not only staunch adherents o f the
W ürttembergian Evangelical Church, but their house was also the
meeting place o f earnest or enquiring Christians.
By means o f pri­
vate religious meetings, which were being held there, not only
many were built up in their holy faith, but also the interest in the
conversion o f the Heathen, besides that in works o f charity belong­
ing to the so-called “ inner mission” , was powerfully advocated and
steadily increased.
It was in this spiritual atmosphere that little Joseph grew up.
His sixteenth year was the turning point o f his life, as he was then
97
led to seek God.
About the same time he saw the M issionary Messen­
g er o f Calw, published for the first time, when his desire to do Mis­
sion work first commenced.
Under these influences then his character
was moulded, and his views were formed.
W e accordingly find him
in after life advocating established or rather national churches, as
being bound to work for the regeneration of a nation; averse to any­
thing calculated to weaken ecclesiastical authority, or to cripple the
energies o f the Church, and zealous to promote the coming o f Christ’ s
Kingdom upon earth with his whole energy, whether it be am ong
Christians or among the Heathen.
As he had felt an inclination for the Church, his studies were
arranged accordingly.
After three searching examinations, he was received into the
Theological Seminary at Blaubeuren in 18 25 , and in October 1829
he entered the University o f Tubingen, with full purpose o f heart.
Being a man o f prayer, he did everything joyfully and with hearti­
ness.
Am ong the subjects of study, that o f the Bible held the first
placc.
Although so young, he showed an unwonted independence
o f character, which is expressed so tellingly in :
“ Dare to be a D a n iel!
Dare to stand a lo n e !
Dare to have a purpose firm !
Dare to make it k n ow n !”
Unmindful o f the sneers and jeers o f his fellow-students, he was
careful to be a witness to his Master by arousing the unconverted,
and when on the point o f leaving the University (22nd September
18 34 ) he had the authority to tell his friends: “ Goodbye then, it’ s a
settled matter among ourselves, that we will go on believing and
praying."’
He received a call to a private Seminary at Stetten.
A
most powerful sermon, which he preached whilst there on isew Y e a r ’ s
eve 1 8 35 , caused a noisy demonstration o f the pupils, which was
abetted by several o f the teachers.
Although
he earned the
name o f “ fanatic” on the occasion, yet the Committee found that
Josenhans was in the right, and supported him.
In 18 36 the Basel
Mission Committee wished to engage his services, which he declined,
13
98
preferring to undertake a so-called scientific journey to the North o f
Germany.
W hat he saw there o f religious life and o f influential personages,
was o f great importance to him afterwards, as Principal o f our
Mission.
In 1837 he assisted the Dean o f Backnang, and in 18 38 he was
called to Tiibingen as Tutor o f the students (Repetent)*.
On arriving
there, he assembled the students, and told th em : “ Gentlemen, what
I require o f you is odedience to orders.”
Shortly after, a student
committed an excess, which was not adequately punished there and
then by the Board o f Teachers, he, however, demanded immediate
punishment and did not give in f o r a moment, although 120 students
opposed him.
The Rector o f the University, and the Ecclesiastical
Board approved o f his conduct.
It was thus that he stuck out also
for odedience to Divine Law , which was another trait in his character.
In 1 8 39 , his ecclesiastical superiors promoted him to Winnenden,
where he took charge both o f the town Congregation and o f the
office o f Chaplain to the Lunatic Asylum , from the Rev. Wm. Hoffmann,
who left the place in order to becom e Inspector or Principal o f the
Basel Mission.
In 1 8 40 he was m arried to a M iss M ary Gess, a most quiet,
unassuming lady, who
suffered much from bodily weakness, and
although she needed to be cheered up by her husband’ s presence,
had to be deprived o f it on account o f the many engagem ents and
onerous duties which prevented him from paying her much attention.
This she bore quietly and with much patience.
In course o f time
she had 8 children, 6 o f whom are still alive.
In 1881 she died
in peace.
W hilst at Winnenden, Josenhans had learned to have compassion
on those unfortunate inmates, many o f whom had become insane
as a punishment for their extravagancies.
He was quick in reading
their thoughts, successful in alleviating their ailings, and by his com ­
manding appearance he kept them at a respectable distance.
In 184-8, the year of revolution, he was in danger o f his life,
* As in English Universities and Colleges.
99
caused by several wicked men o f his congregation, who, disliking
his sermons, had settled to waylay and kill him.
He was, however,
saved by the intervention o f some pious men, who, as Paul says,
“ have laid down their own necks for my life : unto whom not only
I give thanks, but also all the churches o f the G entiles.” (Rom . x vi. 4.)
In 1845 he wrote a book “ The Glory o f Jesus Christ,” in which
he describes the inward glory o f the Only Begotten o f the Father,
and the personal relation into which believers enter with Christ.
W e m ay head the second great part o f his life as, “ The glorification
o f Jesus Christ’ s name” .
In 1849 he was called by the Evangelical
Mission Committee at Basel to becom e the Assistant to Principal
H ofm ann, and arrived there on the 17th o f M arch the same year.
One year later, he had to take full charge o f the office o f Principal.
H e soon felt the necessity o f visiting at least one o f the M issionfields taken up by our Mission, and chose that o f South- W estern India.
H is wish was to be fulfilled in 1 8 51 .
To do this, he required to
have the blessing o f the Mission Church, as it was customary
o f old.
After a solemn service at Leonberg,
which closed with
the ordination o f M essrs. Kullen, Kaundinya and D iez, he came
forward and knelt at the steps o f the altar iu order to receive a
blessing from Prelate K a p ff and his Assistants by the laying on o f
hands (Acts. xiii. 3.), whilst the Congregation offered up their
prayers.
He reached Bombay with his party on the 3rd o f October
1 8 51 , and set out for M angalore, the head-quarters of our Mission.
After having surveyed the field, he found out that the amount o f
independence which our Missionaries had enjoyred till then, had no
doubt been necessary for the beginning, but in future would endanger
the harmony and uniformity o f a ction ; that the different Churches,
although bearing the impress o f their founders or Pastors, ought to
be guided by the same rules, and ecclessiastical la w s; th a t,a s unity
makes strong, the churches o f each District, as well as the different
national churches belonging to the Basel German E vangelical Mis­
sion ought to be closely united among th em selves; and that certain
aims ought to be closely defined, and follow ed by all with devotion
and energy.
13*
100
In a rem arkably short time he succeeded in regulating the dif­
ferent relations, and in laying down rules for guidance o f every branch
o f Mission work.
H e defined the duties and rights o f the M issionaries towards the
Hom e Committee, and am ong themselves, laid down different rules
o f business, and arranged a division for labour, and supervision.
In
accordance with this, the Missionaries have their regular L ocal
meetings (conferences) which take
place as often as requ ired ;
District meetings, when all the Missionaries o f the same District m eet
once a
year;
and General meetings, when the different office­
bearers and deputies from all our four Mission Districts meet every
four years for consultation, and to advise the Home Committee.
As regards the Congregations, he collected the rules which dif­
ferent Missionaries had found
useful for the guidance o f their
Churches and compiled a short compendium of Church-rules.
He
also formed Presbyteries for each P arish , and Synods for each D is­
trict, in which the Europeans were to be ex-officio members, whereas
each congregation was represented by 8 to 7 Elders, chosen by them­
selves, and approved o f by the local Missionary Conferences.
To enable each church to look after its own spiritual wants, he also
created Church-funds, which he endowed with fields and cocoanutgardens, form erly belonging to the Mission, and imposed churchtaxes, and encouraged charity.
H e further appointed a committee
composed of D rs. Mogling and Gundert, and M r. Ammann to make a
selection from the Prayer-Books o f the different Lutheran and R e ­
form ed Churches for the compilation o f a L iturgy, which was to be
translated into Canarese, M alayâlam, Tulu and English, in order to
be read in the different Basel German Evangelical Mission Churches,
its use being compulsory in the administration o f the sacraments.
F or the rest, a good deal o f liberty was allowed to the officiating
Pastor in offering up e x tempore prayers.
Besides this Liturgy he
created another tie between the different National Churches.
order
In
to draw the various churches together, and to create in
them a feeling o f brotherhood, our old Principal devised the plan o f
one Seminary for our whole W est-Indian Mission, in which Canarese
101
and Malayalara were to be the media for im parting instruction.
It may be regretted that so much time is spent in learning dif­
ferent languages, but on closer inspection it will be found that the
intellectual horizon o f our young men is enlarged, and whereas we
have , in cases o f em ergency Catechists ready to take up work in
any o f our provinces, men o f different nationalities learn to respect
and love each other.
Not far hence there will be in our Seminary
young men whose mother-tongue is the Canarese., Malayalam, Tulu,
Kodagu, Badaga, Tamil, and the M ahratti language.
M oreover M r. Josenhans paid great attention to the Schools, and
laid much stress on religious education in general.
In order to secure good Teachers and Preachers he bestowed
much care on exclusively Christian Schools, beginning with the E le­
mentary Parochial School up to the Seminary. There is another kind
o f Schools, namely Elem. Vernacular Schools for Heathen chilren,
which may be placed on the same level with Elem. Christian Schools,
and farther A nglo-Vernacular Schools either exclusively for Chris­
tians, or for Christians and Heathen, where also secular know ledge,
with its secondary importance, receives due attention.
As regards the Industrial Schools, he advocated their establish­
ment on the strong recommendation o f several experienced Mission­
aries, who preferred to alm sgiving these means o f assistance to such
persons excom municated from the Heathen community, as soon as
th ey embraced Christianity, in order to earn their livelihood and to
learn ways o f thriftiness.
These were
follow ed by the Mission
M ercantile-Branch Establishments.
A ll this could not be put into force without some struggle or
other on the part o f those who were in the Mission-Held.
The
desire to create order and to support it, gave perhaps rise to too many
laws, so that sometimes even M r. Josenhans him self seemed to have
forgotten them.
This made him sometimes suspicious o f transgres­
sion where there was none, and caused him now and then to lose
sight o f the fact “ that we are not under the law, but under g r a c e .”
W hatsoever he may thus have done amiss during his long tenure
o f office, he largely compensated for by his whole personal kindness
102
to the Missionaries under him.
It was he, we well knew, who took
up our case to the Home Committee.
More than th at; at Basel
there is a Missionary B oys’ Home and a Missionary G irls’ Hom e.
Both houses owe their existence to his energies.
It was touching to
see him paying frequent visits to look after the children o f his Mis­
sionaries and to cheer them up, very often to the certain neglect o f
his own fam ily, and it was as touching to hear him plead the case
o f his^ Missionaries and their children before the
public.
About
700 M issionaries for India, A fr ic a , China and other countries, as
also Pastors for North- and South-America and Australia are more
or less indebted to him for their training under his supervision.
But the dear man had also his crosses.
a great deal.
H is wife was suffering
The reason o f a most promising, young son had b e­
come affected, and God in His wisdom permitted him to grow worse,
without a ray o f hope.
W h en the writer o f this sketch saw M r.
Josenhans in 1 8 82 he could observe how heavily this trial lay on his
mind, but at the same time he was agreeably surprised to see his
face lit up with pleasure, as he sa id:
“ In heaven the sad obscura­
tion o f my son’ s reason shall be taken aw ay; then he shall again
enjoy his full, sound reason.
T hat’ s my com fort.” — Besides all this,
“ those things that are without, that which came upon him daily, the
care o f ”
the Missionary College at Basel, and of all the Basel
Mission “ Churches” in Western A frica , the Western Coast o f India,
and China; not to mention a number o f objects o f solicitude.
More
than that, during a number o f years there was a deficiency of
funds.
This too lay heavy on his heart.
He entreated the Mission-
Church at Home to clear the debt for the sake o f the Heathen, de­
claring to the Public that neither carelessness nor recklessness was
the cause o f it, and yet he had to hear from a dear friend: “ To make
debts in the good faith that God will help, I call recklessness” .
In 1860 the work had so far extended that a large stately
Mission-house had to be built.
In 1865 he celebrated the 25th
anniversary o f his tenure o f office, when the financial difficulties had
reached their end.
In 1 8 7 9 , the 30th year o f his service, he was so
worked out that he was obliged to retire. He then put up in Stuttgart,
103
In 1881 he had his first attack o f apoplexy.
dear man gradually declined.
From that day the
H e who knew nearly every school-
house and the name o f every agent in the Mission-field, at last knew
»not where such and such a place was to be found!
went to Leonlerg.
In 1884 he
He had an attack o f inflammation o f the lu n g s;
then a second attack o f apoplexy put soon an end to his life, which
took place on the 25th o f Decem ber 18 84 .
W e conclude with the
words with which he cheered his enquiring friends: "A ll is well, as
I am now on m y way to heaven” .
May the Lord comfort all who
love him.
W e on our part thank the Lord for having given to His Church
such an able and self-denying servant— a man experienced in the
w ord o f life, crushing in his exposure o f human sinfulness and the
wrath o f G od; o f impressive eloquence when he touched the topics
o f G od’ s pardoning and sanctifying grace, and commanding attention
when he expounded the Scriptures— a man convincing in his advo­
cacy o f the claims o f the Heathen on all those who have obtained
m ercy, and powerful in his prayers, impressing the hearer that he
had entered into the presence o f G od— a man eminently endowed
with the gift o f governing, who, had he devoted his talents to secular
pursuits, might have become a statesman or a general— although he
disliked being contradicted, yet of a manly and dignified demeanour
when h eijeca m e convinced o f his being in the w rong; sympathizing
as a friend; earnest, kind and gentle as a spiritual adviser— a man
o f a powerful physique, o f indefatigable zeal, gifted with a brilliant
m em ory,— and all this he put at the M aster’s service without reserve.
W e close the sketch o f this most eventful life with the comfort that
the Lord, who does f u l l ju stice to His servants, will let him hear H is
g ra ciou s:
“ W'ell done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been
faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many th in gs;
enter thou into the jo y o f thy L ord .” (Matth. x x v . 23.)
% * W h e n this Report was on the point o f leaving the Press, we were startled
by the sad news that Mr. W. Ilasenwandel o f Bettigerry has been called to
his eternal rest, after a short illness, on the 14th o f April 1885.
Conclusion.
And now
we desire to tender hearty thanks to the
Lord, our God, for all His loving kindnesses and tender
mercies.
We wish also to thank those of our friends who have
assisted us by their gifts, their prayers, and their sympathy,
and to ask them to remember also in future this part of the
Lord’s vineyard in their prayers and by their support.
May
the Lord renew us, and our whole Mission according to the
riches of His grace, and let us see the revelation of His glory
throughout all the world and in particular in India, in bringing
to pass that glorious time which is described in the second
Psalm: “ I will declare the decree: the Lord hath said unto
me, Thou art My Son; this day have I begotten Thee.
Ask of
Me, and I shall give Thee the Heathen for Thine inheritance,
and the uttermost parts of the earth for Thy possession.”
Amen.
Expenditure of the Mission
during the year 1884.
Rs.
As.
p.
7 1 ,174
15
9
Journeys and H o m e - P a s s a g e s ..............................
2 6 ,0 3 6
11
9
M u u s h is ...........................................................................
2,0 45
2
0
2 3 ,3 1 3
15
9
P o s t a g e s ...........................................................................
1,1 53
7
1
L ib ra rie s...........................................................................
130
0
0
0
Personal Expenditure o f Missionaries (exclusive
o f the Industrial and Mercantile Brethren)
Native Pastors, Catechists and Evangelists .
Special R e l i e f ............................................................
827
2
M edical E x p e n s e s .....................................................
1,077
11
6
Schools, English and V ern acu la r..............................
15,689
9
5
..............................
12,685
6
9
10 ,2 1 6
5
0
Buildings and R e p a i r s .............................................
15 ,4 1 6
2
4
Purchases o f Com pounds.............................................
200
0
0
T axes and Agricultural O u t la y s ..............................
1,804
14
4
Publishing and Colportage Department .
2,0 00
0
0
Orphanages, B oys’ and G irls’
Catechists’ and Preparandi-Schools
.
.
.
.
F u r n i t u r e ....................................................................
913
2
8
A d m in is t r a t io n ............................................................
2,610
12
4
18 7,29 5
6
8
T o ta l R s.
E. & O. E.
M angalore, 3 1st D ecem ber 1884.
^
tfy/etcIoLei.
14
s
SUBSCRIPTIONS AND DONATIONS
TOWARDS THE MISSION FUND
Received during the year 1884.
^
---
Rs. As. p.
AT MANGALORE.
Rs. As. P.
J. Hutton Esq.
5
0
0
H. Conder Esq.
20
0
0
The Hon. H. S. Thomas,
Madras 500
0
0
C. Marks Esq.
5
0
0
£ 5
0
0
E. Charpie Esq.
5
0
0
Sir W . Robinson, London
Rev. Dr. H. Gundert, Calw
50
0
0
Messrs. Fabre Leuba & Co.
5
0
0
From C. at Bangalore
10
0
0
Dr. E. H. R . Langley
5
0
0
Through ihe Rev. A Männer.
J. Sturrock Esq.
220
0
0
J. W. Best Esq.
140
0
0
Col. G. S. Keith
100
0
0
J. E. Boyd Esq.
60
0
0
Lieut. An9ley
25
0
0
James Mac’Donald Esq.
5
0
0
G. A. Kittredge Esq.
5
0
0
Pikering Clarke Esq.
5
0
0
The Hon. F. L. Latham
10
0
0
H. Y. Carter Esq.
10
0
0
4
0
0
Rev. J. G. Deimler
AT HONORE.
Collected by the Rev. J. G. Deintler,
Bombay.
25
0
0
10
0
0
G. W . Yidal Esq.
25
0
0
Lieut.Col. G. Merewether, r . K. 5
0
0
Capt. T. R. M. Macpherson
10
0
0
5
0
0
J. J. A. Hill Esq.
10
0
0
G. B. Payne Esq.
15
0
0
J. Brandenburg Esq.
F. F.
J. R. Barfield Esq.
5
0
0
E. C. M.
5
0
0
10
0
0
Lieut M. A. Rowlandson
5
0
0
S. Mac’Dpnald Esq.
5
0
0
F. Bozzoni Esq.
3
0
0
A. A. A.
3
0
0
E. Spinner Esq.
5
0
0
W . Richardson Esq.
5
0
0
Mrs. A. Bapty
10
0
0
F. Rowland Esq.
Janies Kingsm ill Esq.
J. Druit Esq.
AT MERCARA.
Col. W . Hill
36
0
0
Rev. G. Richter
18
0
0
W . W right Esq.
24
0
0
F. B. Dickinson Esq.
10
0
0
C. J. W eir Esq.
10
0
0
Thro7 Rev. C. Cassels
13
8
0
C. Soobiah Esq.
16
0
0
AT DHARW AR.
10
0
0
G. fcotton Esq.
5
0
0
Lady Thompson
80
0
0
E. Miller Esq.
5
0
0
J. R. Middleton Esq.
75
0
0
A. F.
5
0
0
K. Laxton Esq.
12
0
0
107
Els. As. P.
A. F. Ingle Esq.
9
0
Rs, A b. P.
0
AT TELLICHERRY.
I. C. Anding Esq.
12
0
0
J. van Donof Hardings Esq. 9
0
0
W . Jukes Esq.
11
0
0
J. W . Reid Esq.
30
0
0
W . S. P rice Esq.
12
0
0
AT CALICUT.
D r. Cockell
15
0
0
J. L. Johnstone Esq.
10
0
0
W . Logan Esq.
10
0
0
2
0
0
C. A. Galton Esq.
55
0
0
25
0
0
F. W ilkinson Esq.
30
0
0
H. D. Cook Esq., m. d.
20
0
0
0. Eckelmann Esq.
50
0
0
Miss Davidson
N. N.
AT BETTIGERY.
H. Jenkinson Esq.
50
0
0
AT GULEDGUD.
P. C. Chapmann Esq.
10
0
0
R. Darling Esq.
12
0
0
G. A. Hight Esq., Bijapur
18
0
0
G. Madden Esq.
E. Druit Esq.
20
0
0
Mr. W . Jones
2
8
J. Hearn Esq., K aladgi
10
0
0
Mr. Antonio
5
From a Friend
10
0
0
From a Friend
10
0
0
A T CANNANORE.
Brigd. General L. W . Buck:
A T PALGHAUT.
25
T. C. Elsworthy Esq.
14
2
0
0
H. D. Robinson Esq.
0
0
Mrs. J. Tomlinson
Col. John W . Orr
48
0
0
Mrs. J. Dupen
Mrs. E. T. Beatty
10
0
0
H. W ilkieson Esq.
M ajor F. Smalley
19
0
0
I. Hearts Esq.
0
„
B. L. Gordon
0 0
0 0
8 0 0
10 0 0
15 0 0
5 0 0
10 0 0
V. A. Brodie Esq.
24
„
„
G. Simpson
6
0
„
L. W . Ranking
7
0
0
2
0
0
Mrs. E. Onslow
30
16
0
0
Mrs. Breeks
50
Collection at Ooty, U. E. H.,
„
„
Turner
W . H. Franklyn
Col. C. J. Chambers
Capt. F. B. Garfit
„
C. W. W alker
AT K A ITY.
2
0
0
25
0
0
4
0
0
Alexander A llan Esq.
Offertory at the Lawrence
through F. Hodges Esq.
56
25
10
0
0
Sergt. H. W ebb
6
0
0
C. C.
3
0
0
Capt. Henry
2
0
0
W . C. Rhode Esq.
20
Dr. F. Pout
Telegraph Master Thomas
A pothecary Yerghese
Mrs. J. Isaak
Manantody
0 . Deane
25
0
8
0
J. W . Handley Esq.
20
0
0
Col. W . H. Caine
10
1
0
0
Mrs. G. Hamnett
5
Capt. A. Griffin
10
20
0
0
MrB. W . G. Mc’ Iver
10
0
J, B.
Towards lighting o f the Chapel.
Col. John W . Orr
40
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Asylum, through the Rev.
11
C. J. Puddicombe Esq.,
0
0 0
0 0
0
John Hodges Esq.
5
5
14*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
108
S. A.
Rs. As. p .
2 0 0
Mrs. E. Onslow
30
0
150
The Hon. G. C. Master
Norris Groves Esq.
Rs. As. p .
Mr. M. Hill
5
0
0
0
Rev. G. 0 . Newport
5
0
0
0
0
Collection for the Kaity Bell
50
0
0
on the 22nd o f May 1884
40
8
7
25
0
0
1
0
0
F. W . Groves Esq.
50
0
0
10
0
0
L. R. Kindersley Esq.
35
0
0
His Excellency the Governor
o f Madras
A Friend in Ooty
Lady Roberts
Mrs. Higgins
A T KOTARGIRI.
5
0
0
Rob. F. Philips Esq.
10
0
0
10
0
0
W . Deane Esq.
25
0
0
Mrs. Arundel
3
0
0
Mrs. Cockburn, Basel
30
0
0
Mrs. Morrison
2
0
0
Miss M. B. L. Cockburn
50
0
0
Dr. Griffith Evans
10
0
0
Mrs. Griffith
5
0
0
Thomas Stanes Esq.
25
0
0
Mrs. Johnstone
2
0
0
S. W . Hawes Esq.
10
0
0
The Hon. H. E. Sullivan
Lieut. General W . Salmon
10
0
0
Mrs. Hayne
25
0
0
Donations from Members of the Congregations and other
Native Friends.
Mangalore :
H onoré:
Mr. Lucas Joshua
14
0
0
Rev. Titus Costa
12
Mr. Thomas Pearl
6
0
0
Mr. Jeriinia Sona
0
8
Mr. Th. Roberts
5
0
0
Mr. A. Jesudasa
1
0
Mr. W . G. Samuel
2
0
0
Maria Hebri
0
8
A. W .
1
6
0
V. E. T. S.
10
0
0
Brotherly Union
30
4 11
From the Weavers
2
2
0
Middle-SchoolPie collectionl 4
0
0
Boys of the Orphanage
7
0 '0
D. F., Gudde
5
0
0
M. G., Shirwa
13
0
0
Udapy :
Members of the Congre­
gation
24 12
D harwar:
Congregation
gation
4
14
0
Members o f the Congre­
gation
2
8
4
Members o f the Congre­
24
9
4
0
0
Boys of the Evangelist School 1
6
1
0
0
gation
Cat. Joseph Bhagyan
11
Hubly :
Bettigerry :
Karkal:
N. N.
Mercara :
Members of the Congre­
Members o f the Shirwa
B a sru r:
0
Guledgud :
*
Mr. Imm. Sowenna
3
0
109
Es. A b. P.
Rs. As. P.
Mr. Paul Bellagallu
1
0
0
U. P.
0
8
Mr. Stephan Sakkare
0
0
D. P. C.
0
2
0
Salome Bellagallu
1
2
0
0
M. J.
0
0
Rahel Bangareji
1
0
0
0
S. H. E.
0
4
2
P. T.
0
8
P. C.
0
6
0
0
P. J.
0
6
0
S. E.
0
4
0
0
E. 0 . V.
0
8
0
Cannanore:
W orkmen and W omen o f the
W eaving Establishment 72 13
Tellicherry :
Mr. Mathai
10
0
0
0
Codacal:
Chombala :
Spooling Women
3
4 10
Collection o f Coooanuts
7
0
0
Calicut:
Little Grace
5
Offertory o f Conflrmants
5
0
2
0
8
Offertory on Jubilee
20
Festival
8
3
Mr. Francis, Overseer,
12
0
0
Mr. Joseph Charly, Colporteur 1
0
0
Malapuram
K otargiri:
10
0
0
Mr. Daniel Bella
5
8
0
Mr. Jacob Kanaka
J
0
0
Mr. Samuel Mully
Subscriptions and Donations for Schools and Orphanages.
DHARWAR.
Sir Thomas Thompson
75
0
0
W . Lind Buyers Esq.
55
0
0
Dr. Cockell
15
0
0
W . S. Price Esq.
12
0
0
Mrs. Laxton
12
0
0
Dr. G. Bainbridge
37
0
0
J. L. Johnstone Esq.
10
0
0
9
0
0
R. F. Ingle Esq.
W . Jukes Esq.
11
0
0
J. Fairlie Muir Esq.
50
0
0
H. Barret Esq.
30
0
0
A. W att Esq.
50
0
0
J. R. Middleton Esq.
75
0
0
M. Burkley Esq.
10
0
0
4
0
0
0
S . N.
BETTIGERRY.
Dr. Cardoz
10
0
Mrs. Redmond
10
0
0
5
0
0
E. W. Dun Esq.
2
0
0
J. W. and B. T.
10
0
0
J. Craig Esq.
10
0
0
20
0
0
J H. Means Esq.
K A IT T.
Mrs. Morgan
110
Donations towards the Bazaar Girls’ School Building, Mercara.
Rs. As. P.
Rs. As. P .
A Friend
20
10
Rev. G. Richter
10
F. B. Dickinson Esq.
5
Mr. B. D’ Souza
100
A. M. Breithaupt Esq.
2
Soveral Merchants in the
Mrs. Speechly
5
Col. W . Hill
50
Col. H. M. S. Magrath
0
0
Bazaar
187
0
0
8
0
Donations for the Sick-house at Mangalore.
125
0
0
Col. W ard
4
0 0
J .W , Best Esq. (subscription 60
0
0
Mr. Luckas Joshua
6
0 0
J. Sturrock Esq.
„
55
0
0
Mr. Thomas Pearl
6
0
J. E. Boyd Esq.
„
24
0
0
Col. R. S. Keith (donation)
0
Donations for the Mangalore Poor-fund.
Ool. R. S. Keith
50
0
0 ] Mr. Theodore RobertB
5
0
0
Subscriptions towards the North-Coorg Cooly-Mission Fund.
F. Mangles Esq.
100
0
0
G. B. W ake Esq.
12
0
■Colonel W . Hill
50
0
0
F. Elwis Esq.
12
0
0
J. Macpherson Esq.
25
0
0
A. D. Campbell Esq.
10
0
0
J. S. Gerrard Esq.
12
0
0
W . W right Esq.
12
0
0
5
0
0
2i. Tod Esq.
3
0
0
0
J. Haddock Esq.
0
6
0
0
W . H. Scott Esq.
12
0
J. S. Trelowny Esq.
10
0
0
J. B. Ferguson Esq.
10
0
0
W . H. Sprott Esq.
12
0
0
Ch. Danvers Esq.
12
0
0
H. W . Pratt Esq.
Subscriptions towards the South-Coorg Cooly-Mission Fund.
100
0
0
W . H. Church Esq.
12
0 0
J. S. Ayre Esq.
10
0
0
E. A . Clark Esq,
12
0 0
J. D. Bell Esq.
10
0
0
H. R. Craig Esq.
24
0 0
W . A . D. Bidie Esq.
12
0
0
J. D’ Yaz Esq.
15
0
0
Messrs. Biany & Co.
50
0
H. B. Ferguson Esq.
12
0
0
Messrs. Arbuthnot & Co.
0
Ill
Rs. As. p .
Rs. As.
R. Hamilton Esq.
12
0
0
R. 0 . Mullen Esq.
A. Hamilton Esq.
6
0
0
F. L. Reay Esq.
James Hilliard Esq.
p.
12
0
0
6
0
0
9
0
0
W . B. Riddoch Esq.
12
0
0
John Hilliard Esq.
12
0
0
H. Shaw Esq.
12
0
0
F. Jaques Esq.
12
0
0
W . F. Simpson Esq.
12
0
0
5
0
0
N. Stewart Esq.
24
0
0
24
0
0
R. W allace Esq.
6
0
0
6
0
0
J. G. W ood Esq.
12
0
0
A. Johnstone Esq.
John Logan Esq.
J. Macdonald Esq.
C. G. Maclean Esq.
12
0
0
C. H. W oodfall Esq.
12
0
0
F. Macray Esq,
12
0
0
W . Woodmann Esq.
24
0
0
W . Mann Esq.
24
0
0
J. A.W oodward Esq. for 1883 20
0
0
G. R. Moore Esq.
24
0
0
0
0
Do.
„ 1884 12
Donation towards the new Chapel Building at Cannanore.
Th. D igel Esq.
15
0
0
Rev. W. Sclimolok, Chombala 25
0 0
R ev. R. Hartmann, Karkal
10
0
0
Mrs. Haller
5
0 0
5
0
0
W . P. Sehonthal Esq.
50
0 0
Rev. M. Schaible
„
Bettigerry Missionaries and
Congregation
Cannanore Congregation 503
33
0
5 0
0
Contributions of the Congregations (“ Church Tax”).
2
0
Guledgud
Mulky
Mangalore
277
73 13
0
Cannanore
Udapy
128 10
4
Karkal
10 14
0
Basrur
8 10
0
Honore
8
8
0
Mercara — Anandapur
48
6
0
Palghaut
Dharwar
20
2
0
Kaity
Hubly
53
Bettigerry
94
o 1 Kotargiri
0 10 1
4
91 14
0
150
0
Tellicherry
75
0
0
Chombala
52
2
0
Calicut
178 14
0
Codaoal
56 10
0
27 12
0
0
10
2
0
19
8
0
I n d e x .
Page
European M issionaries o f the Basel German Evangelical
M i s s i o n ..................................................................................
3
R e p o r t .................................................................................................
6
I, Cañara.
M an galore...................................................................
15
M u lk y ...........................................................................
28
U d a p y ..........................................................................
31
K a r k a l ...................................................................
35
K undapur— B a s r u r .............................................
36
H o n o r e ...................................................................
39
M e r c a r a ...................................................................
41
II. South-Mahratta»
D h a r w a r ...................................................................
45
H u b ly ...........................................................................
48
B ettig erry ...................................................................
50
G u le d g u d ...................................................................
54
B i j a p u r ...................................................................
59
II I . Malabar.
C a n n a n o r e ............................................................
60
T e l l i c h e r r y ............................................................
64
C h o m b a la ...................................................................
70
C a l i c u t ...................................................................
74
C o d a c a l ...................................................................
81
P a l g h a u t ...................................................................
83
IV. Nilgirl.
K a i t y ..........................................................................
87
K o t a r g i r i ...................................................................
91
O b i t u a r y .........................................................................................
95
C on clusion ..................................................................................................104
Expenditure o f the M i s s i o n .............................................................105
Subscriptions and D o n a t i o n s .............................................................106