LOUISA COUNTY EVENTS
KEY:
Multimedia embedded
Poindexter Will and others in wave of
emancipations within Baptist
churches.
Leadership of Quaker women.
Formation of Camp Creek Quaker MM Meeting, Slave Literacy Movement at Providence
Presbyterian Church in Gum Spring.
Source Documents found
during research in 2012
Browsable thru link
1834 Nathaniel Bunch will emancipations. Amer. Col. Society
Henry “Box” Brown,
owner Wm Barrett was a
member of the ACS.
Lucy Langston inherits land near Gibson’s Mill
1783-Petition of Charles Moorman
among Quakers asking legislature
to allow emancipation of slaves.
Gilbert Gibson, Mulatto
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1747-1753
Birth of “Christian Churches”...Gilboa, etc. in Louisa County.
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1758
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1783
Virginia Law goes into effect requiring freed slaves to leave the state w/in
one year in an attempt to curb emancipations and the presence of free blacks
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1806
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Black Laws follow restricting educating and gathering
of both enslaved and free
blacks.
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1832
Abolitionist Movement Grows. Women in Leadership Roles
NATIONAL EVENTS
1776-1781 Revolutionary War
American Colonization Society (ACS) – John Hartwell
1865-1868
Freedmens Bureau
Field Office Louisa
Court House
Appr. 400 slaves flee to Union
forces during Stoneman’s
Raid. Official Reports of the
War of the Rebellion . General Stoneman, May 1863
Second Great Awakening
Develops Women’s leadership thru
missionary and tract societies.
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1830s-40s
Andrew Carter & Sarah (Zelda
Carter Morton’s parents)
Southern Claims– Free black
who assumed Union knew he
was their ally during Stoneman’s
Raid.
William D. Gooch and Capt Ralph Quarles.
VIRGINIA EVENTS
1865
First Freedmen’s school in Louisa Court House. Albert
Powell, nephew of John Mercer Langston FBR
1866 Freedmen’s school at Baptist Church in Louisa. 8
others to be created. FBR
Westend, Watson, Bracketts
stuff. Labor contracts
John M. Langston visits
Louisa...excerpt from his
autobiography.
John Mercer Langston-born in Louisa County.
Will of Charles Moorman emancipating slaves
1778 in Camp Creek/Green Springs
John Bunch/Sarah Slayden case
1704 . Mulatto defined.
President Obama’s ancestor.
Materials Pre-1865 will be included in introductory/
background section.
Letters of Clara
Garland on behalf
of former slaves.
Quote from Letter of Orlando Brown
to Freedmen...
1865-1870 Reconstruction
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1850
Fugitive Slave Law
requires return of
runaway slaves
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1861
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1863
Emancipation
Proclamation
frees slaves in
states in
rebellion
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1865
March 1865– 1871
Bureau of Freedmen,
Refugees and Abandoned
Lands
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1868
1865- Civil War ended;
Reconstruction of the South
began
1871 Louisa Co public schools
created. Rev. Littleberry Haley
Superintendent. Photo, quote
from diary- whites mostly resist
taxes to fund
Narrative of Missy
Brown, my father’s
story...slave list from
Ionia with Missy and
Moses.
1870– Underwood
Constitution approved:
Conservatives regain
control of state politics,
public schools system
created
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1870
Working Draft of exhibit– March 2013
American Civil War 1861-1865
1877– Virginia
passes Married
Women’s Property
Act.
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1877
1874– Woman’s Christian
Temperance Union (WTCU)
founded.
1754-1763 French and Indian War
Reconstruction 1865-1877
The Big House after slavery– Ambler…
Watsons...Eliz at Bracketts- barnyard work,
saving money.
1873 Town 1874-75 Wm. Ambler Pres of Va State
Grange. Images of publication Southern
of Louisa
incorporated Planter
1879-1883 Bi-racial
Readjuster Party in
control of Virginia.
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1880
1902 Town of Mineral
Incorporated
1894-1904 Coroner’s Reports
Rise of Temperance Movement
Anti-Saloon League of Virginia
Louisa Poll Books begin in 1904 in time to elect Theodore Roosevelt for a full term (he has replaced assassinated Pres. McKinley in
1901. Images and database
Books kept until 1965 when voting rights act abolish poll tax and
tests.
1904 New Louisa Court House
erected
1895 Lists created of Watson
slaves at Ionia at 1865 and
Morris lists at Hawkwood.
1888 John Mercer Langston
wins seat in Congress on
Republican ticket. A first.
Contested, but he is seated.
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1890
1877– Reconstruction Ends
1877-1900 Industrial Revolution, rise (& fall) of Farmers
Alliance, Knights of Labor,
Restoration of white rule
Populist Party
returns as the South is
“redeemed”.
1898 Louisa’s Arthur Baker joins the
Buffalo Soldiers and fights in
Cuba with Teddy Roosevelt and
the 10th Cavalry
Julius Jones Images
UDC SCV Groups in Louisa
and Courthouse statue...photo.
Transcribe best portions from Convention and
photo of members and
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1896
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1900
1893-1933 WCTU
Photo
Known members
1916 Lucille Holt appointed first Supervisor
of Negro Education with
Jeannes Fund.
League of Women’s
Voter Docs.
Poll Books from
Louisa County
Southern Cross Applications
1902—Virginia Constitution revised to
disenfranchise black vote and segregate public
spaces. Poll tax and literacy tests imposed but
Confederate veterans exempted.
Gordonsville Chicken Vendors
image.
The Saloons Must Go! Story of
women in Mineral.
1924 Papers of Vital Records Register
Mrs. WAC Pettit for copies and issues
with midwives passing light children as
white.
Ellen Glasgow spends summers here.
Images Jerdone Castle, Barren Ground
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1902
1904 Richmond Street Car
Boycott.
Virginia Woman’s Suffrage League in Richmond,
Ellen Glasgow of Jerdone Castle one of founders.
Claytons divided land to former slaves
African-Americans read stories
from of lynchings, outrages, etc. in
The Planet. It carried Louisa
County news items, so presumably
is read here by blacks
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1904
1898 Spanish American War
1896 Plessey vs. Ferguson
Supreme Court rules segregation on public transport legal.
http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Woman_Suffrage_in_Virginia
List of names from Louisa Co and image of cards
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1910
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1914-18
World War I
Influenza Epidemic
1896 National Assoc. of Col-
1890-1920 The Progressive Movement
Births activism of men and women to address labor ills, alcohol abuse, family issues, corruption, education (and women pushed for suffrage. )
1926 Louisa Training School built with Rosenwald
Funds. Also Mechanicsville and Shady Grove built thru
Rosenwald Fund.
1923 Shady Grove letters to Rosenwald Fund and state.
Zelda Carter Fletcher (late Morton) becomes Supervisor
of Negro Education (Zelda Narrative images of doc)
1920– Virginia ( and
rest of South) rejects
ratifying the 19th
Amendment prohibiting discrimination
on basis of sex.
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1920
19th Amendment is ratified
by one vote in the State of TN.
“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States or by
any State on account of sex. “
“Aunt Patsy”..columnist. Insights into women’s
influence and social concerns in her columns.
Out Migration from Louisa.
Track population patterns
Gela Porte went to Washington in
1937...out-migration. Story from CV on
her and woman everyone stayed with
while they got established.
NAACP Records. First Louisa Chapter chartered in 1918
1935s...modern chapter. Docs from Library of Congress
First electric power in Towns
Kincannon Tomato and other canneries. Photo of the cannery and later
efforts of Home Demonstration
Clubs for women.
1940 Program to consolidate and
improve Louisa County Schools
started.
Two CCC Camps in Louisa County.
Photo and diary of Marie Cox
Fisher, Doris McCary oral history.
Women join Aircraft Spotter
Corp, join work force and assist in war effort on the home
front, including taking positions formerly help by men.
Photos and oral history
from 2010
Flora Molton– black blues singer. Highway marker
at Zion XR.
“Petticoats in Politics” Elizabeth Trice Walton
Quotes from 1963 CP article and others.
A.G. Richardson High School opens.
Rural Electrification comes to
Louisa County. Major impact
on women’s lives.
Attorney and early suffragist Helen Hoy Greeley buys
farm and later moves to Louisa– 1943ish
Black men enter armed services in
mass. Oral histories from Mr.
Leroy Hughes (or article with permission of the CV ) and Robert
Winston
Black newspaper the Afro from Richmond and
Jet Magazine read in Louisa County. What are
the stories on Emmit Till and Mont. bus boycott?
Bombing of King’s home?
Gov. Almond plan. Resolutions
in LC Supervisor’s minutes in
courthouse to oppose integration
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1924
1926-1930 Harry F. Byrd serves
as Va Gov consolidating his
control over democratic party
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1930
1933 Harry Byrd appointed to
US Senate where would serve
until 1965.
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1930s
Virginia’s Harry Byrd
promotes Massive Resistance
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1935
1933-1939 New Deal
Women Contribute Vitally to Farm Income
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1940
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1941-45
1941-1945 World War II
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1947
1947 Jackie Robinson a
and Brooklyn Dodgers
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1950
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1954
1954 Supreme Court
Rules in Brown v. Board
of education
Louisa desegregates schools
completely fall of 1970
J. Sargeant Reynolds (our museum’s namesake)
1967– Loving v. Virginia Supreme
Court rules VA laws banning interracial marriage unconstitutional.
Prince Edward Schools closed
Also Norfolk and C’ville for
short period. ET Walton quote
on keeping schools open.
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1959
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1955
1970 Lake Anne Nuclear Power Plant and Lake Anna
constructed.
Frank Drumheller, administrator,
oral history. Several other oral histories
from this period of desegregation.
1959-1968 Virginia adopts Freedom of Choice plan for school integration.
1924 Virginia passes Racial Integrity Act
Walter Plecker
If more than 1/16 black or Indian, considered
‘colored’.
Pocahontas clause...see photos from Westend Collec-
Clips from two Notable
Women of Louisa County
luncheons. Many women’s
stories told by present female
leaders in the community.
Oral histories of women and changes in their lives from 1930s
to present: Sally Johnson, Mary Richardson, Mamie Johnson,
Marion Perkins, Marjorie Woolfolk. Any more we can do soon.
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1964
1964 Civil Rights Act passed: outlawed
discrimination based on race and gender
1954 Supreme Court
Rules in Brown v. Board
of education
1955 Murder of Emmit Till and Montgomery Bus Boycott. Rise
of Martin Luther King.
1964 24th Amendment banned poll tax
in federal elections
1964 3 Civil Rights workers murdered
in MS
1964 MLK received Nobel Peace Prize
1919-1933 Prohibition Act in force banning alcohol
http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/
Louisa Adopts Virginia Freedom of Choice Plan in effort
to resist total integration
1955-1965 Southern Civil Rights Movement
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1965
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1967
1965
Voting Rights
Act passed
1966 NOW– National Organization of Women founded
1968 Green vs. New Kent
County, VA Supreme Court
rules Freedom of Choice
plans for integration unconsti-
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1968
1970 Virginia Adopts new Constitution that undoes 1902 and Jim
Crow
J. Sargeant Reynolds papers Civil
Rights. Shad Planking speech 1971
Movie on Sarg
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1970