Revolutionary War Review
HMS 2014
Social Studies 8
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First battle of the Revolutionary War
“Shot heard round the world”
8 colonial militiamen killed
“The British are coming” Paul Revere
Lexington
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First battle of the Revolutionary War
“Shot heard round the world”
8 colonial militiamen killed
_______ + Concord
???
• First American Victory
• Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys
• Attacked fort at dawn, captured lots of
artillery
Fort Ticonderoga
• First American Victory
• Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys
• Attacked fort at dawn, captured lots of
artillery
???
• Took place in Boston, Breed’s Hill
• Howe (British)
• Don’t fire until you see the white’s of their
eyes
• Colonists ran out of ammo, fired off whatever
they could find, used bayonets
Bunker Hill
• Took place in Boston, Breed’s Hill
• Howe (British)
• Don’t fire until you see the white’s of their
eyes
• Colonists ran out of ammo, fired off whatever
they could find, used bayonets
???
• Part of Philadelphia campaign
• Howe vs Washington
• British won, captured Philly (Colonial capital)
Germantown
• Part of Philadelphia campaign
• Howe vs Washington
• British won, captured Philly (Colonial capital),
but did not follow up so Washington and
troops escaped and refortified
???
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Surprise on Christmas Day, 1776
Washington vs. Hessians
Crossed the Delaware
Patriots won
Boosted American spirits
Trenton
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Surprise on Christmas Day, 1776
Washington vs. Hessians
Crossed the Delaware
Patriots won
Boosted American spirits
???
• Washington and continental army spent
winter here
• Baron von Steuben trained troops, created an
army
• Supplies and provisions scarce
Valley Forge
• Washington and continental army spent
winter here
• Baron von Steuben trained troops, created an
army
• Supplies and provisions scarce
???
• After Patriot victory at Vincennes, fort
guarding the Mississippi River
• George Rogers Clark for the Patriots
• No shots were fired
Kaskaskia
• After Patriot victory at Vincennes, fort
guarding the Mississippi River
• George Rogers Clark for the Patriots
• No shots were fired
• Americans in control of Great Lakes and Ohio
River
???
• George Rogers Clark set up court here
Cahokia
• George Rogers Clark set up court here
???
• Fort Sackville
• George Rogers Clark and men waded through
flooded swamps to surprise British
• Clark pretended to have large force
• Executed Native Americans in view of fort and
threatened British with the same
• Forced British to spread their troops over a
wide area=weakened British war effort
Vincennes
• Fort Sackville
• George Rogers Clark and men waded through
flooded swamps to surprise British
• Clark pretended to have large force
• Executed Native Americans in view of fort and
threatened British with the same
• Forced British to spread their troops over a
wide area=weakened British war effort
???
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Howe vs Washington
British won
British gained control of NYC
Largest battle of the war
Patriots lost 20% of their army
Patriots evacuated (snuck out)
Long Island
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Howe vs Washington
British won
British gained control of NYC
Largest battle of the war
Patriots lost 20% of their army
Patriots evacuated (snuck out)
???
• Howe vs Washington
• Continental Army retreated to Germantown
• Patriots had to abandon cannon
Brandywine Creek
• Howe vs Washington
• Continental Army retreated to Germantown
• Patriots had to abandon cannon
???
• This Hessian trained the Continental Army at
Valley Forge
Baron Von Steuben
• This Hessian trained the Continental Army at
Valley Forge
???
• This frontiersman helped Patriots defend the
Western frontier
George Rogers Clark
• This frontiersman helped Patriots defend the
Western frontier
???
• This French aristocrat volunteered to serve in
Washington’s army
Marquis de Lafayette
• This French aristocrat volunteered to serve in
Washington’s army
???
• This French admiral helped George
Washington during the siege of Yorktown in
the American Revolutionary War
De Grasse
• This French admiral helped George
Washington during the siege of Yorktown in
the American Revolutionary War
???
• This French nobleman and general played a
major role in helping America win
independence during the American Revolution
• His strategy helped lead to
the American victory at Yorktown
Rochambeau
• This French nobleman and general played a
major role in helping America win
independence during the American Revolution
• His strategy helped lead to
the American victory at Yorktown
???
• an early American hero of the Revolutionary
War who later became one of the most
infamous traitors
Benedict Arnold
• an early American hero of the Revolutionary
War who later became one of the most
infamous traitors
???
• leader of a Patriot group of fighters known as
the Green Mountain Boys
Ethan Allen
• leader of a Patriot group of fighters known as
the Green Mountain Boys
???
• U.S. Army General in the Revolutionary War
• Blocked British advance on Albany in Battles of
Saratoga
Horatio Gates
• U.S. Army General in the Revolutionary War
• Blocked British advance on Albany in Battles of
Saratoga
???
• British Army General in the Revolution
• Led force south from Canada
• “Gentleman’s March”
John Burgoyne
• British Army General in the Revolution
• Led force south from Canada
• “Gentleman’s March”
???
• Court martialed for punching a British officer
in F&I War
• Hated the British
• His “riflemen” used long barreled rifles
• Left wing during the Battle of Saratoga
(turning point of war)
Daniel Morgan
• Court martialed for punching a British officer
in F&I War
• Hated the British
• His “riflemen” used long barreled rifles
• Left wing during the Battle of Saratoga
(turning point of war)
3 British advantages during war
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3 British advantages during war
1 Strongest army and navy in the world
2 superior numbers
3 Indian support
4 hefty war chest—hired Hessian soldiers
3 British disadvantages
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3 British disadvantages
1. Weak motivation
2. Unaggressive leadership
3. 1500 mile enemy coastline
4. Easy targets—Red Coats
3 American advantages
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3 American advantages
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Outstanding Leadership
Strong motivation
Fighting on home ground
American rifle was superior
Experienced sharp shooters
3 American disadvantages
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3 American disadvantages
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Inexperienced army and militia
brand new navy
constant shortages
Near bankrupt
Which battle was a turning point?
• Why
• Parts of original British plan
• Who won
Saratoga
• 3 Part British strategy to isolate New England
– Burgoyne in charge, S from Canada
– Howe—go N to New York
– St Leger—move East
Howe changed his mind and went to Philly, Burgoyne was
defeated because of the no show
• Colonists won
• Turning point because France and Spain decided
that the colonists had a chance to win, and
entered the war
3 Foreign Countries that helped the
Patriots
3 Foreign Countries that helped the
Patriots
• France: lent Navy, $, and French soldiers, sold
needed supplies
• Spain: declared war on Britain, captured
Florida, prevented a British attack on SW
• Netherlands: loans, sold ships, smuggled
goods
Discuss Battle of Yorktown
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Leaders?
Strategies?
Who Won?
Why important?
Discuss Battle of Yorktown
• Washington vs Cornwallis
• French fleet blocked reinforcements getting to
Cornwallis from the sea, American & French
soldiers surrounded British by land
• Patriots won
• Last battle of the war, Treaty of Paris ended
war
Describe a famous American naval
battle
• Leaders
• Strategies
• Who won
Describe a famous American naval
battle
• John Paul Jones with the Bon Homme Richard
vs Serapis
• JPJ known for daring raids on British ships and
ports, “I have not yet begun to fight”
• Patriots won, then climbed off their sinking
ship and sailed the Serapis to Europe
???
• This person fought with George Washington at
the battles of Trenton, Brandywine,
Germantown, and Valley Forge
• helped to turn the tide of the war by winning
a series of battles in the South
• a master military strategist, was known as
"the fighting Quaker"
Nathaniel Greene
• This person fought with George Washington at
the battles of Trenton, Brandywine,
Germantown, and Valley Forge
• helped to turn the tide of the war by winning
a series of battles in the South
• a master military strategist, was known as
"the fighting Quaker"
What does no taxation without
representation mean?
What does no taxation without
representation mean?
reflected the resentment of American colonists at
being taxed by a British Parliament to which they
elected no representatives and became an anti-British
slogan before the American Revolution; in full,
“Taxation without representation is tyranny.”.
Why was the continental dollar
important?
Why was the continental dollar
important?
• The 1776 continental dollar coin is a
very important coin in US coinage history
because this coin is one of the first signs of
American Independence.