The Governmental
Process
By David B. Truman
What is Truman’s definition of an interest
group? Compare and Contrast it to the one
given in the Edward’s textbook
Truman’s Definition: any group that, on the basis of one or more shared
attitudes, makes certain claims upon other groups in the society for the
establishment, maintenance, or enhancement of forms of behavior that
are implied by shared attitudes
Edward’s Definition: An organization of people with shared policy goals
entering the policy process at several points to try to achieve those goals.
Interest groups pursue their goals in many areas
Both address a “shared attitude/position” of the group.
Edward’s refers to interest groups focusing particularly on the policy
process, while Truman refers to interest groups simply having shared
attitudes and acting on those shared attitudes
The Role of the Individual in the Political
Process
According to Truman, an individual must be within a group
in order to contribute to the political process
Differing opinions/perceptions people have encourage
individuality, but they also inevitably result in group
affiliation
What is Truman’s argument about the
“public, or national interest” and what
evidence does he give to support this
Truman argues against the notion, “If people are free and have access
to ‘the facts’, they will all want the same thing in any political
situation
The differing experiences and perceptions of men not only encourage
individuality, but it will also result in differing attitudes and
conflicting group affiliations
There is political significance in assertions of an inclusive “public, or
national interest” within a nation
For example: In times of crisis
The Major Factors that Determine Interest
Group Success in gaining access to
government
Factors relating to a groups strategic position in society
Factors associated with the internal characteristics of the
group
Factors peculiar to the governmental institutions
themselves
Apply these factors of success to an interest group
and make an educated guess about their degree of
success in influencing government
The NRA(National Rifle Association) strongly advocates for gun rights
and is successful in influencing the political process
Provides funding and grants to States
Directly lobby for and against legislation through its lobbying branch,
the NRA-ILA(the NRA Institute for Legislative Action)
Participate and initiate lawsuits
Endorse or oppose various candidates
Publish several magazines and sponsor competitive marksmanship
events