Effective and
Simple
Solutions to
Soil and Water
Management
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS:
Understanding Water
Repellent Soils and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
2005 / DIAMOND K GYPSUM INC. / ALL RIGHTS RESERVED / PHONE 435-896-8870 / FAX 435-896-8893
Understanding Water Repellent Soil and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
• Highly productive, irrigated soils must be managed very
carefully to mitigate and manage the problem of
hydrophobic soil conditions. These problematic
conditions result in soil particles that literally repel water.
• Research shows that hydrophobic soils develop from a
biological process involving the natural decomposition of
organic minerals such as those found in crop residue
and other soil amendments, all resulting in a water
repellent organic coating formation on sand and soil
particles.
• These water repellent soil challenges are hastened
under the circumstances of frequent wet-dry-wet cycles
associated with intense irrigation. The development of
this soil condition can also be accelerated by inefficient
irrigation patterns, soil compaction, reduced tillage
systems, and certain diseases.
Normal sand particle.
Water repellent sand particle.
How to manage the inevitable condition of
soil water repellency?
• Over the past 50 years, there have been
many technological advancements leading
to the development of countless irrigation
additives and soil treatments positioned for
use in managing soil and water
challenges.
• Hundreds claim to make water wetter,
improve irrigation efficiency, increase the
holding capacity of the soil, reduce runoff,
etc…
Droplet of water placed on a water repellent soil sample.
• The use of these various products and additives provide a legitimate means of sound
environmental stewardship for agricultural production. It is important to understand each
technology and the difference between the available management options.
Understanding Water Repellent Soil and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
• Most irrigation additive products involve some type
of surfactant system. Surfactants are specialty
chemicals that uniquely modify the physical and
chemical characteristics of water and/or the
materials where they are applied.
• Surfactant chemistry is used in nearly every aspect
of our lives. Detergents, soaps, shampoos,
medicines, and even food products all use some
type of surfactant chemistry to improve and
manage product performance.
• To be used as a legitimate irrigation additive in
agricultural crop production, these products must
be manufactured with ingredients that are certified
for this specific use in agricultural.
When choosing an irrigation additive, be
certain to validate with the manufacturer
that the product is approved for use
under…
40 CFR 180.910 (materials exempt and approved
for use on growing crops and raw ag commodities)
or
40 CFR 180.920 (materials exempt and approved
for use on growing crops only)
Understanding Water Repellent Soil and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
• Different kinds of irrigation additives and soil
wetters are approved for use as legitimate
management tools for hydrophobic soil
conditions and improved irrigation efficiency.
However, it is important to understand the
different types of chemistry and the expected
performance of each surfactant.
• Generally all soil wetting and penetrating
products on the market today can be
organized into three primary groups of
surfactant chemistry: Anionic Surfactants,
Nonionic Surfactants, and block polymer
Nonionic Surfactants.
The Irrigation
Additive Market…
Three general types of soil
commercial soil wetting
chemistry:
• Anionic Surfactants
• Nonionic Surfactants
• Block Polymer Surfactants
General Overview of Surfactants Used as
Irrigation Additives…
Anionic
Surfactants
Nonionic
Surfactants
Block Polymer
Surfactants
Water
Water
Water & Soil
Reduces Surface Tension Excellent
Excellent
Good
Compatibility in Mixing
Poor
Good
Good
Crop & Plant Safety
Problematic
Good
Good
Hard Water Antagonism
Yes
None
None
Residual Performance
Limited
Limited
Excellent
Primary Use in Ag/Turf
Foam Marker
Spray Adjuvant
Soil Wetter
Primary Mode of Action
Understanding Water Repellent Soil and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
The earliest wetting agents utilized for improvement of irrigation efficiency in agricultural and
turf production were based on the conventional general purpose anionic surfactants.
Performance Strengths of Anionic Surfactants…
- Primary mode of action…treats the water by effectively
reducing surface tension.
- Anionic electrostatic charge aids in temporary adsorption
onto the soil particles, acting as an agglomeration aid for
fine clay particles.
Performance Limitations of Anionic Surfactants…
- Degrade quickly in the soil solution and are antagonized by
hard water minerals and deliver very limited residual control.
- Can be phytotoxic to sensitive plants under certain
circumstance.
- Limited tank mix compatibility, preventing co-application with
soil amendments and fertilizers.
Anionic
Surfactants…
Typical Ingredient Statements:
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfates
Sodium Lignosulfonates
Sodium Alkyl Sulfosuccinates
EXCELLENT FOR USE AS FOAM
MARKERS AND SHAMPOOS
Naiad® and Agri-SC
Naiad Wetting Agent
Functioning Agents:
2-Hydroxyethyl Ammonium Alkyl Benzene
Sulfonate…………….………………..………..…8.77%
Alkyl Phenoxy Poly (Ethylene Oxy) Ethanol
CIS-9 Octadecenoate Octyl Alkyldiamide……..…2.50%
Simethyl Silicone……………….……………..…1.00%
Inert………………………………….……….…83.24%
Initial application of 1 to 2 pints per acre, followed with
1 to 2 pints per acre every 3 to 4 weeks through harvest.
PENEX (Ammonium Laureth Sulfate)
PENEX Soil Conditioner
Active Ingredients:
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate. ……………….15%
Amino Acid…………………………………..5%
Inert Ingredients…………………………….80%
Total……………………………….………100%
Some Products That Contain Ammonium Laureth Sulfate:
Imina Renewing Moisture Body Wash
Selsun Blue Dandruff Shampoo, Medicated Treatment
New Finesse Hydrating Silk Protein Enriched Adj. Shampoo
Suave Salon Formula Shampoo
Suave Dandruff 2-In-1 Shampoo and Conditioner
Head & Shoulders I Refresh Dandruff Shampoo
Pert Plus Dandruff Control All-In-One Shampoo
Data from Household Products Database Website
Naiad (Ammonium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate)
Naiad Wetting Agent
Functioning Agents:
2-Hydroxyethyl Ammonium Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate…………….………………..….…8.77%
Alkyl Phenoxy Poly (Ethylene Oxy) Ethanol CIS-9 Octadecenoate Octyl Alkyldiamide…2.50%
Simethyl Silicone…………………………………………………….……………….……1.00%
Inert………………………………………………………………………………….……83.24%
Some Products That Contain Ammonium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Dove Hand Dishwashing Liquid
Sunlight Hand Dishwashing Liquid
Data from Household Products Database Website
PENEX, Naiad, Agri-SC
Ø
Represent departure from block copolymer type chemistry
Ø
They are “flash” type surfactants typically used in detergents
Ø
PENEX, Naiad and Agri-SC contain an anionic surfactant (negatively
charged)
Ø
These chemistries have high HLB (water attraction) and do not readily attach
to soil particles thereby exhibit poor residual performance
Ø
These chemistries are lower cost and are typically found in soap and
detergent industry
ANIONIC
AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
Commercial Soil Wetter Technology Matrix
Product Brand
Manufacturer
Primary Active Ingredient Description
% Active
Ingredient
Surfactant Class
Transflo
Trans National Agronomy - Grand
Rapids, MI
Ammonium laureth sulfate
unknown
anionic surfactant
National Ag Soil
Treatment
National Ag Products Development Inc Grand Rapids, MI
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate and
alpha pinene
62%
anionic surfactant
Agri-II
Agri-World Products - Rockford, OH
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate and
alpha pinene
59%
anionic surfactant
Panhandler
Ag Nation Products - Canton, OH
Ammonium Laureth Ether Sulfate
58%
anionic surfactant
Ag 10-12 Soil
Conditioner
Ag Nation Products - Canton, OH
Alkoxy polyoxyethylene sulfate
56%
anionic surfactant
Eco-Soil Life Soil
Conditioner
Eco-Soil and Water Corp - Hickman, NE
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate
50%
anionic surfactant
Plen-T-4 Soil
Conditioner
Trico Ag Products, Inc - Storm Lake, IA
Ammonium alkyl ether sulfate
48%
anionic surfactant
J and J Soil Conditioner
J and J Agri-Products and Services Dillsburg, PA
Ammonium Laureth Ether Sulfate
48%
anionic surfactant
Agri-SC
Four Star Services, Inc - Bluffton, IN
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate
48%
anionic surfactant
Advantage
Wilbur-Ellis - Fresno, CA
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate & Alkyl
Aryl Polyethoxylates
31%
anionic surfactant
Penex
JH Biotech, Inc - Ventura, CA
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate &
Amino Acid
20%
anionic surfactant
PAL / PolyCal
Northwest Ag Products
Polyacrylamide (2.13%) and
Calcium (6.43%)
8.56%
not surfactant
chemistry
RSA Cal-Pam
RSA MicroTech - St Paul, MN
Polyacrylamide (1%) and Calcium
(7%)
8%
not surfactant
chemistry
Understanding Water Repellent Soil and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
Nonionic surfactants represent the most widely used type of surfactant chemistry in agricultural
production. This chemistry is widely used in many spray adjuvant systems to aid in pesticidal spray
performance.
Performance Strengths of Nonionic Surfactants…
- Primary mode of action…effectively reduce the surface tension
of water improving infiltration.
- Wide range of compatibility and plant safety. The nonionic
properties render the chemistry mostly non-reactive with most
other materials.
- Readily available and generally less expensive.
Nonionic
Surfactants…
(Foliar Applied)
Typical Ingredient Statements:
Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylates
Performance Limitations of Nonionic Surfactants…
- Very small, low molecular weight molecules that tend to deliver
poor adsorption and retention properties in soil.
- Easily leached through the treatment zone and only provide a
short term benefit.
Alcohol Ethoxylates
Modified organosilicones and
blends
EXCELLENT FOR USE AS SPRAY
ADJUVANTS WITH PESTICIDES
NONIONIC
AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
Commercial Soil Wetter Technology Matrix
Primary Active Ingredient
Description
% Active
Ingredient
Surfactant Class
Water In - Lodi, CA
Alkyl polyethylene glycol
ether
unknown
nonionic surfactant
Penmax
Western Nutrients Corporation - Bakersfield, CA
unknown
unknown
nonionic surfactant
Amway Spray Adjuvant
Amway Corp - Ada, MI
Alkylpolyethoxylated
alcohol
unknown
nonionic surfactant
Perc-o-late
Creative Marketing Research - Fresno, CA
Nonyl phenoxypoly
ethanol, biodegradable
glucosides, isopropyl
alcohol
62%
nonionic surfactant
Basic H
Shaklee Corp - Emeryville, CA
Linear alcohol
alkoxylates
28%
nonionic surfactant
EZ Wet
Grow More - Gardena, Ca
Isoalkyl, alkyl
polyoxyethylene &
alkylaryl polyethylene
ethanols
26%
nonionic surfactant
Wex
Conklin Company - Minneapolis, MN
alcohol ethoxylates
21.68%
nonionic surfactant
Pennasoil
Tabox, Inc. - Bozeman, MT
Saponins and small
amounts of minerals,
proteins, and fats
unknown
organic
Product Brand
Manufacturer
Water-In
Understanding Water Repellent Soil and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
Because block polymer surfactants treat the soil in addition to the water, this class of
chemistry represents a quantum improvement in the approach for wetting hydrophobic
soils and the management of intensely irrigated agricultural and turf production systems.
Performance Strengths of Block Polymer Surfactants…
- Primary mode of action treats the soil by adsorbing strongly onto
soil particles and improves wetting characteristics of treated water.
- Residual control with good rewetting performance and long lasting
effect.
- Good compatibility with crop safety and can be used effectively in
a wide range of application conditions.
Performance Limitations of Block Polymer
Surfactants…
- Not as readily available because they are manufactured with more
costly raw materials.
- Do not reduce the surface tension of water as dramatically as
anionic and nonionic surfactants.
Block Polymer
Surfactants…
(Soil Applied)
Typical Ingredient Statements:
Alkoxylated polyols
Co-polymers of polyethylene and
polypropylene glycols
Nonionic polyol
EXCELLENT BASE SURFACTANT
FOR USE AS SOIL WETTING AGENTS
Understanding Water Repellent Soil and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
Block Polymer
Surfactant Chain…
•
The chemical structure of block polymer surfactants is
represented in a chain of many surfactant molecules.
“Poly” means “many” and thus the term block polymer
surfactant.
•
This organized block polymer chain provides chemistry
residual and longer lasting effect than either anionic or
nonionic surfactants.
•
The chemistry works so well as a soil wetter because
each molecule is composed of a hydrophilic (water loving)
head and a hydrophobic (water repelling) tail.
•
When applied and incorporated into the soil solution, the
hydrophobic tail of the wetting agent is attracted to the
hydrophobic coating on the soil particles.
•
While the tail of these molecules adhere to the water
repellent organic coating, the hydrophilic head remains a
readily accessible site for water to attach, driving water
into the soil profile rather than forcing water to run off the
surface of the soil particle.
Hydrophilic
– water loving heads
Hydrophobic
– water repelling tail
Understanding Water Repellent Soil and the
Use of Irrigation Additives
Hydrophilic
Block Polymer
Surfactant Soil
Performance…
1. Hydrophobic tail is
attracted to the
hydrophobic, water
repellent soil particle.
– water loving heads
Hydrophobic
– water repelling tail
2. Surfactant molecule attaches to the soil particle, large
molecular structure is strongly attracted.
3. The hydrophilic head attracts and retains moisture,
improving soil wetting and moisture retention.
Surfactant in Water
Surface tension is reduced as water molecules “push”
outward toward the hydrophil of surfactant
When surfactants are applied to
soil with water as the carrier
(such as irrigation), the water
grabbing ends of the surfactant
molecules are strongly attracted
to other molecules while the
water repellent ends are forced
outward.
Surfactants in a Soil Profile
•Surfactants in a Soil Profile
When a surfactant is applied to the soil profile, water repellent (hydrophobic),
region of the surfactant attaches to the water repellent site on the soil particle.
This serves as an attachment site for water molecules allowing the soil to
hydrate.
Definition of “Block Co-Polymer”
A polymer comprising molecules in which there is a linear arrangement of blocks.
Standard Block Polymer - More Water Attracting
Standard Block
(Aqua-Drive)
Reverse Block Polymer - More Oil Attracting
Reverse Block
(Aquatrols IrrigAid)
Comparing Block Copolymers and
Reverse Block Copolymers
Ø
Block Copolymers:
Ø are better emulsifiers
Ø are better dispersants
Ø cover a broader range of molecular weights
Ø effective at reducing repellency
Ø
Reverse Block Copolymers:
Ø exhibit lower foaming
Ø are better defoamers
Ø exhibit reduced gelling tendencies
Ø tend to attach to organic material
In Soil Wetters
Combinations of the two allow for balancing the right properties for
deep/lateral soil water movement, adsorption onto soil particles and rewetting,
and acceptable handling properties.
Surfactant Chemistry
Standard Block Polymer
This chemistry has a higher affinity for water and is effective at initial surface
tension reduction. It exhibits a moderate affinity for organic matter resulting in
moderate residual activity.
Advantages:
Initial surface tension reduction
Effective repellency reduction
Moderate residual
Surfactant Chemistry
Reverse Block Co-Polymers:
This chemistry uses EO and PO in reverse order. When the order is reversed, the
plant safety increases. The surfactant ability is good. There is a long lasting effect
but in a narrow range of soil depth which causes wetting agent to adhere to
organic matter in upper soil profile. Reverse block co-polymers have a greater
affinity for oil than do standard block polymers.
Advantages:
Improved residual performance
Greater plant safety
How APG’s are Made
Ø
Fischer Glycosidation Process
Ø
Ø
Over 100-years-old
Starting Materials
Ø
Ø
Ø
Glucose (dextrose) from corn, wheat, potatoes
Fatty alcohol; palm, palm kernel, coconut, other
An acid catalyst (sulfuric or other acid)
Some Agricultural Uses of APG’s
Ø
Adjuvants
Ø
As a mix with fertilizers (electrolyte)
Ø
Compatibility to formulations
Ø
Foaming agents
Ø
Emulsification in combinations with other nonionics
How are APG’s different
from other surfactants?
Ø
Very low or no toxicity
Ø
Readily biodegradable
Ø
Fertilizer compatibility with other chemicals
Ø
From renewable resources (corn and coconut)
Ø
Food source for soil microbes
Advantages of APG’s
Ø
Derived from agricultural or renewable products
Ø
Enhances soil microbial activity (food source)
Ø
Very low phytotoxicity
Ø
Good wetting & surface tension reduction
Ø
Biodegradable
Ø
Ø
Aerobic conditions 90% is fully broken down after three weeks
Anaerobic conditions 84% is broken down after eight weeks
Block Polymer
AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
Commercial Soil Wetter Technology Matrix
% Active
Ingredient
Product Brand
Manufacturer
Primary Active Ingredient Description
Surfactant Class
Aqua-Drive Elite
Diamond K - Richfield, UT
Blend of propanediol and glycoside
ingredients
30%
block polymer
surfactant
Aqua-Drive
Diamond K - Richfield, UT
Blend of polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropolene and siloxane
surfactants
25%
block polymer
surfactant
Water Maxx
Western Farm Service - Fresno, CA
Nonionic Polyol
20%
block polymer
surfactant
Irrigaid
Aquatrols - Paulsboro, NJ
Co-polymers of polyethylene and
polypropylene glycols
20%
block polymer
surfactant
Water Maxx II
Western Farm Service - Fresno, CA
Alkoxylated polyols and Glucoethers
17%
block polymer
surfactant
Irrigaid Gold
Aquatrols - Paulsboro, NJ
Alkoxylated polyols and Glucoethers
17%
block polymer
surfactant
Adsorption is the Key
Ø
Different surfactants have varying degrees of ability to adsorb
onto soils
Ø
Adsorption has an effect upon lateral and vertical movement as
well as residual capability
Ø
Surfactant component should have moderate affinity to organic
matter for residual
Ø
Ideally, the surfactant should stage adsorption to modulate water
movement
Ø
Balance rewetting with flash wetting
Soil Wetting Technology and
Irrigation Additives
Aqua-Drive is a soil penetrant
designed to enhance infiltration and
penetration of applied irrigation water
used on agricultural crops. AquaDrive improves soil moisture content
while increasing water uniformity
and distribution. Aqua-Drive can be
used both preventatively or curatively
as a soil penetrant and does provide
extended residual activity.
Aqua-Drive Elite is a unique soil
surfactant designed to lower surface
tension, improve soil conditions,
increase water penetration and water
percolation, and activate soil
organisms. Aqua-Drive Elite is
formulated using renewable resource
ingredients that act as a food source,
which enhances higher populations of
beneficial soil microorganisms.
Diamond K Soil Wetting Technology and Irrigation Additives
Active Ingredients
Block Polymer Surfactant
Block Polymer Surfactant +
Reversed Block Polymer + APG
Water Treatment Performance
Excellent
Excellent
Soil Treatment Performance
Excellent
Excellent – Triple Action
Cost of Use
Economical
Premium
Treatment Targets
Moderate to Severe
Wetting Challenges
Moderate to Severe
Wetting Challenges
Corrective Treatment & Preventative Corrective Treatment & Preventative
Management of Problematic Soils
Management of Problematic Soils
Regulatory Status
40 CFR 180.910*
40 CFR 180.910*
* Exempt and approved for use on growing crops and raw ag commodities.
Designed to DRIVE Water into Hydrophobic Soils.
TWO MODES OF ACTION:
Aqua-Drive is an irrigation additive designed
to improve soil wetting and penetration
characteristics of treated irrigation water.
“Making water wetter” by reducing the
surface tension of the irrigation water is one
dimension of performance, but Aqua-Drive
does much more than that. As the name
suggests, Aqua-Drive literally helps “drive”
irrigation water into hard-to-wet and
hydrophobic soils.
1. Improved Water Surfactancy
Reduces surface tension and
improves wetting properties of
irrigation water.
2. Enhanced Soil Penetration
& Re-Wetting Characteristics.
Surfactant molecules attach to
hydrophobic soil colloids “driving”
water and hydration into hard to
wet soil profiles.
University of Georgia Study
Soil WATER REPELLENCY as affected by Aqua-Drive.
8 oz./1,000 + 4 oz./1,000 for five months.
4.0
Aqua-Drive
Untreated
Water Repellency Ratings
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
6/17
6/24
7/16
8/16
9/15
10/15
11/15
12/15
1/14
2/14
3/15
4/14
Evaluation Dates
Scale of 0.0 to 4.0 (0.0 = non-water repellent and 4.0 = extremely water repellent).
Leading Edge Performance and A Better Idea.
Aqua-Drive Elite is formulated with the same
block polymer surfactants as Aqua-Drive, BUT
ALSO supplemented with other proprietary
ingredients designed to dramatically reduce the
surface tension of water and hasten microbial
activity in the soil.
Aqua-Drive Elite is one of the first soil surfactant
systems in agriculture designed to address the
problems of hydrophobic soil conditions with a
comprehensive combination of three synergistic
modes of action…water, soil, microbial.
Bottom line: Aqua-Drive Elite hastens a
healthier soil complex for plant growth and
development.
COMPREHENSIVE
PERFORMANCE WITH
THREE SYNERGYSTIC
MODES OF ACTION:
1. WATER
2. SOIL
3. MICROBIAL
University of Georgia Study
Objective
Determine the effects of Aqua-Drive Elite on soil water repellency.
Results
Aqua-Drive Elite significantly reduced soil water repellency.
Dr. Keith Karnok Department of Crop and Soil Sciences
University of Georgia December 2002
University of Georgia Study
Soil WATER REPELLENCY as affected by Aqua-Drive Elite.
Water Repellency Ratings
4.0
8 oz. initially followed by 4oz. each month for four months.
Aqua-Drive Elite
Untreated
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
5/23
5/30
6/20
7/18
8/15
9/12
10/10
11/7
Evaluation Dates
Scale of 0.0 to 4.0 (0.0 = non-water repellent and 4.0 = extremely water repellent).
University of Arkansas Study
Objective
Research conducted to determine the effects of “Aqua-Drive Elite” wetting
agent on the microbial activity of a sandy type soil media compared to two
leading commercial wetting agents and a control.
Result
Aqua-Drive Elite has no negative effects on the microbial activity of the soil.
When compared to control plots, microbial activity was increased, on average,
when Aqua-Drive Elite was applied. Aqua-Drive Elite provided slightly
enhanced soil respiration data (microbial activity) compared to control and
competitive wetting agents.
Douglas Karcher, Ph.D. Department of Horticulture
University of Arkansas February 2002
Proven Performance…Microbial Activity
Soil Respiration as Affected by
Wetting Agent Applications*
Aqua-Drive Elite
increased soil
respiration by 57%
over untreated soil!
16.00
mg Co2 / 100g Soil
Douglas Karcher, Ph. D.
Department of Horticulture
University of Arkansas
February 2002
14.00
12.00
13.75
10.00
8.00
10.00
10.50
Other Brand 1
Other Brand 2
8.75
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
Aqua-Drive Elite
Untreated
*Samples collected 14 days following final wetting treatment.
Values represent cumulative respiration following 9 days of incubation.
The Importance of Post Harvest Irrigation
with Aqua-Drive Products!
For perennial crops such as grapes, tree fruits and nut crops, post harvest irrigation has a
direct effect on next years crop set. During the harvest period, crops are stressed to the
maximum limits. Through this extended period of time without irrigation water and nutrient
uptake, crops are depleted of substantial energy reserves. The growth cycle is a continual
process and a lack of adequate moisture inhibits the plants ability to re-build the nutritional
reserves required to set next years crop.
Post harvest irrigation efficiency is negatively
impacted by the excessive dry down during
harvest, which creates a hydrophobic soil
condition. Managing the natural physical
characteristics (adhesion and cohesion) of
water under these hard-to-wet environmental
conditions is critical to maximize the returns
of post harvest watering cycles.
Pre-Emergent Herbicide Use Consideration
for Aqua-Drive Products…
Every year, pre-emergent herbicides are applied to
many acres of orchards and vineyards. Getting the
water to uniformly incorporate and distribute the
herbicide is difficult. Water will follow a path of least
resistance and that will affect the results.
If the water doesn’t uniformly and effectively incorporate
the herbicide then two problems can occur. Weeds can
emerge when they shouldn’t and the herbicide won’t last
as long as it should.
Adding Aqua-Drive to the tank-mix will improve the
uniformity and distribution of the herbicide. These
improvements will insure that the herbicide gets to
where it is supposed to be.
Aqua-Drive insures better targeting of the herbicide. And
the weed control is at the level intended and for the
length of time intended.
…are specifically formulated to effectively assist in the management and conservation
of water in agricultural production systems
…may be used with center pivot irrigation systems,
drip irrigation systems, and ground applicators
…formulated with proven block polymer chemistry
…are backed by over 30 years of water
management experience
…are competitive with all products on the
market today