LIFE SCIENCE RECONNAISSANCE OF
SELECTED SITES IN THE LAND BETWEEN,
INTERIM REPORT
2008
Prepared by:
McMurtry, M.J., W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A. Sutherland
Natural Heritage Information Centre
300 Water St., 2nd Floor North Tower
P.O. Box 7000, Peterborough, ON K9H 8M5
For:
The Land Between Collaborative
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Recommended Citation:
McMurtry, M.J., W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A. Sutherland. 2008. Life Science
Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report. Natural Heritage
Information Centre, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. v +
57 pp.
Cover photo: Wetland south of the Severn River and within The Land Between study area. Photo by M.J.
McMurtry, NHIC Archives.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary
Acknowledgements
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1. Introduction
1.1. General Description of The Land Between
1.1.1. Regional Context, Geology
1.1.2. Climate
1.1.3. Land Use History
1.1.4 NHIC Data Holdings on The Land Between
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2. Methods
2.1 Ecotones versus Ecodistricts
2.2 Selection of Study Sites
2.3 Field Methods
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3. Results and Evaluation
3.1. South of Severn River Study Site
3.1.1 Landscape Context
3.1.2 Representive Vegetation Communities
3.1.3 Diversity
3.1.4 Special Features
3.1.5 Ecological Functions
3.1.6 Condition, Human Uses
3.1.7 Management Recommendations
3.2. Somerville Forest/Ganaraska Study Site
3.2.1 Landscape Context
3.2.2 Representive Vegetation Communities
3.2.3 Diversity
3.2.4 Special Features
3.2.5 Ecological Functions
3.2.6 Condition, Human Uses
3.2.7 Management Recommendations
3.3. Inventory Needs for the 2008 Field Season
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5. References
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Appendix A. Vascular Plants of The Land Between study area
Appendix B. Fauna of The Land Between study area
Appendix C. Sample Vegetation Community Data Spreadsheet
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
FIGURES
Figure 1. The Land Between area of interest
Figure 2. The contact point: sedimentry limestone bedrock from the Paleozoic Era
overlying Precambrian granitic bedrock, near Galesburg, Peterborough
County
Figure 3. Element occurrences in The Land Between, NHIC database
Figure 4. Field survey sites in The Land Between area of interest
Figure 5. Virginia Chainfern Bog vegetation type, from the Severn River study area
Figure 6. Virginia St. John’s Wort (Triadenum virginicum S3) observed at Severn
River study area
Figure 7. The Roehl Reserve, managed by the Couchiching Conservancy, is
adjacent to the Severn River study area
Figure 8. Clear-cut area in the Somerville Forest
Figure 9. Dry – Fresh Sugar Maple – Black Cherry Deciduous Forest Type,
Altberg Reserve
Figure 10. Blowdown area in the Altberg Reserve
Figure 11. The Great Lake Conservation Blueprint for Terrestrial Biodiversity
shown over The Land Between area of interest
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TABLES
Table 1. Some of the NHIC-tracked elements (species and plant communities) found
in The Land Between area of interest
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SUMMARY
This report presents findings from the first year of field work by the Natural Heritage
Information Centre (NHIC) for The Land Between project. The main sites focused on in
this year were the area south of the Severn River and west of Sparrow Lake and the area
including and adjacent to the Somerville Forest, west of Kinmount. The areas visited in
2007 were a mix of Crown land, municipally-owned land, private land and land owned
by non-governmental environmental organizations. Brief visits were made to other areas,
the upper Crowe River watershed and portions of the former Longford Township, but the
report on these areas will be included in the final report to be completed in late 2008.
A number of partners are involved in The Land Between collaboration, including The
Couchiching Conservancy; the Kawartha Heritage Conservancy; the NHIC; Land Trust
for Frontenac, Kingston, Lennox and Addington; the University of Toronto; Fleming
College; Trent University; William Allen; Bird Studies Canada and Ducks Unlimited.
The NHIC has the role of facilitating access to natural heritage data for the project and
assisting in filling some of the gaps in information that exist. Increasing pressures from
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
cottage development, aggregate extraction, forestry and recreation lend some urgency to
understanding the features present and taking appropriate conservation actions.
After conducting field studies in 2008, the NHIC will produce a final report describing
the natural heritage features and condition of all of the areas visited and will make
recommendations on management and stewardship actions that would be beneficial.
Both the Severn River and Somerville Forest areas offer excellent potential for further
natural heritage protection and stewardship. They occupy a strategic position on the
landscape to augment and support exisiting protected areas. There is a range of
disturbance in both areas, but in general, the Severn River study area has fewer impacts.
Based on studies to date, the Severn River area was found to have several provinciallytracked species, including one Atlantic Coastal Plain species and one provincially-tracked
vegetation community. The Severn River study area is an excellent example of rock
barrens and wetlands characteristic of Ecodistrict 5E-7. The Somerville/Ganaraska area
supports a number of uncommon species, and so far one provincially-tracked species has
been observed. The least-disturbed areas in the Somerville/Ganaraska area are the
Altberg Reserve, owned and managed by Ontario Nature, the wetlands along the Corben
Creek, and the Ganaraska Trail north of Highway 503. The Somerville Forest itself has
patches of forest and wetland in a natural state but also has large areas that have been
altered by forest management practices. Both study areas provide important ecological
functions, including the provision of wildlife habitat, buffering of nearby protected areas,
maintaining water quantity and quality.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank the following people for their assistance, especially Ian
Attridge, Leora Berman and Ron Reid for encouraging our involvement in this project.
Chris Kaloudis accompanied us on several field trips and provided hospitality in Burnt
River. Gayle Carlyle provided mapping on land tenure in the Severn River area. Gillian
Marshall assisted with field work in the Severn River study area. Mike Oldham reviewed
plant specimens collected and helped with identification. Simon Dodsworth created the
maps using NHIC element occurrence data and boundary data provided by Leora
Berman. Bob Bowles provides some helpful advice when we met on the Orimat Road
one day. Peter Alley, who, sadly, passed away in December of 2006, developed the
concept of The Land Between and was an eloquent spokesperson for its unique values and
conservation challenges.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
1. INTRODUCTION
The Land Between is a term coined by Peter Alley (Alley 2003) to describe the area of
transition along and adjacent to the contact line between the limestone bedrock of
southern Ontario with the mainly granitic bedrock of the Canadian Shield. It stretches
across from Georgian Bay to the Frontenac arch just east of Kingston (Figure 1). The
Land Between project is a collaboration among partners, including The Couchiching
Conservancy; the Kawartha Heritage Conservancy; the Land Trust for Frontenac,
Kingston, Lennox and Addington; the Natural Heritage Information Centre; the
University of Toronto; Fleming College; Trent University; William Allen; Bird Studies
Canada and Ducks Unlimited.
Figure 1. The Land Between area of interest. Boundary data provided by Leora Berman.
The Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC), of the Ministry of Natural Resources,
has a mandate to gather and manage data on species, communites and natural areas of
conservation concern and make it available to inform conservation actions. The NHIC
role in The Land Between project is to facilitate access to natural heritage data for the
project, assist in identifying and filling gaps in natural heritage information, and make
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
recommendations on further natural heritage studies and priorities for conservation and
protection. The natural and cultural heritage of this area was first profiled by Peter Alley
in presentations to ecological conferences (e.g. Alley 2003). Increasing pressures from
cottage development, aggregate extraction, forestry and recreation lend some urgency to
understanding the features present and putting in place appropriate conservation
strategies.
1.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND BETWEEN
1.1.1 Regional Context, Geology
The study area is a large zone of transition from the biota and ecosystems of southern
Ontario to those that are more characteristic of northern Ontario. Each of the ecodistricts
overlapping with The Land Between has a characteristic climate, physiography and array
of ecosystems, though there are many features they have in common. The Land Between
study area overlaps with many ecodistricts along the boundary between Ecoregions 6E
and 5E: 6E-6, 6E-8 (northern part only), 6E-9, 6E-10, 5E-8 5E-10, and 5E-11. A concise
description of the biodiversity features of each of these ecodistricts is available in the
second volume of the Great Lakes Conservation Blueprint for Biodiversity (Henson and
Brodribb 2005).
The contact line with the Canadian Shield is actually a convoluted zone of geologic
change; in southern Ontario the sedimentary limestones, shales and sandstones of the
Paleozoic era overlay a foundation of granite; near the contact line the layer of limestone
is thin and irregular. In places it is possible to observe where the two bedrock layers meet
(Figure 2). There are outlying patches of limestone on the Shield and inlying ridges of
granite surrounded by limestone.
The portion of The Land Between in Ecoregion 5E is situated for the most part on the
Precambrian Shield, with small Paleozoic outliers along the Georgian Bay coast and
along the contact line. The Precambrian rocks consist of predominantly felsic igneous
intrusives and derived metamorphic rock and metasediments (Noble 1984). Much of the
metamorphic rocks are gneissic, which is reflected in a conspicuous banded pattern.
Moderately broken relief is described as the most prevalent relief class in the site region
by Noble (1984). It is often associated with till-covered uplands and ice contact deposits,
e.g. esker kame complexes. Sand is the most prevalent material class occurring as a
shallow mantle of sandy or silty sand over bedrock with local areas of deep sand. In
localized areas the till may occur as a loamy sand of sandy loam texture. Bedrock is an
integral element of the sandy till mantled terrain as many of the rock knobs and ridges
and upper slopes of these units are bare of material. Organic deposits are prevalent in
areas of weakly broken bedrock as well as in alluvial floodplains, backing lakeshores and
in small basins with poor drainage (Noble 1984).
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Figure 2. The contact point: sedimentry limestone bedrock from the Paleozoic Era
overlying Precambrian granitic bedrock, near Galesburg, Peterborough County. Photo by
M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives.
Softer, sedimentary limestones, shales and sandstones overlying the more ancient
Precambrian bedrock in the southern part of The Land Between originated as marine
sediments of marl, clay and sand (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The belt of sedimentary
rock in the lower part of The Land Between is of the Middle Ordovician Period of the
Paleozoic Era and the Simcoe Group (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The bedrock has been
altered through the process of warping and faulting, glacial scouring, erosion by water
and deposition of materials by glaciers. For example, the Indian River valley was the
location of a large glacial meltwater channel and numerous karst formations can be
observed at the Warsaw Caves Conservation Area. In the lower part of The Land Between
drumlins and moraines e.g. the Dummer Moraine, and eskers were created though the
action of glaciers. The Kawartha Lakes occur in a band along the centre of The Land
Between.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
The varied geology and the troughs and ridges of the terrain create a heterogenous
physical environment in which ecological communities can develop. Wetlands and
aquatic comunities of various types have formed in the poorly drained troughs, while
rock barrens, alvars and upland forests developed in higher areas. The amount of glacial
till present and formation of soils had a major influence on the plant communites that
become established.
1.2.2 Climate
The climate of The Land Between, like the geology, is transitional. It ranges from the
Simcoe and Kawartha Lakes climatic region to the more northerly Muskoka, Haliburton
Slopes and Eastern Counties climatic regions (Brown et al. 1980). Much of the area is at
an altitude of about 244 m (800 feet) above sea level, but some locations reach 366 m
(1200 feet) (Putnam and Chapman 1938). Brown et al. (1980) report a mean annual
temperature of 6.1 °C (43 °F) for the central Simcoe and Kawartha Lakes region and a
temperature range of -41.1 to 40.0 °C (-42 °F to 104 °F). The frost-free period is 135
days on average and the mean annual length of the growing season is 195 days. The
precipitation of this region is somewhat lighter than that of those around it, chiefly
because much of it is in a rain shadow of the Dundalk uplands (Putnam and Chapman
(1938). The mean annual precipitation averages 813 mm (32 inches) (Brown et al. 1980).
To the north, in the Muskoka climatic region, the mean annual temperature is slightly
lower, at 5.6 °C (42 °F). Winters are somewhat harsher than further south, with a mean
daily minimum temperature for January of -14.4 °C (6 °F), compared to -13.3 °C (8 °F)
in the Simcoe and Kawartha Lakes region. The frost-free period is also less, at 125 days,
and the growing period is 190 days (Brown et al. 1980).
The western slope of the Muskoka climatic region, facing Georgian Bay, has a higher
precipitation (Putnam and Chapman 1938). The Muskoka region as a whole averages 991
mm (39 inches) annually. Snowfall in this area is also heavy, with a mean of 279 cm (110
inches) annually (Brown et al. 1980).
The Eastern Counties region is characterized by cold, snowy winters and warm summers
with adequate rainfall (Putnam and Chapman 1938). The mean annual temperature is 6.1
°C (43 ° F) and the frost-free period is 135 days (Brown et al. 1980).
A global trend towards climate warming is now well established (IPCC 2007) and the
climate of The Land Between is expected to warm along with surrounding regions. The
effects of climate change on patterns of precipitation are less predictable.
1.2.3 Land Use History
Aboriginal people have resided for many centuries in the area (Allen 2007), benefiting
from plentiful supplies of water, fish, wildlife and forest resources. Many of the
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
waterways of The Land Between formed convenient corridors for travel (Allen 2002).
European settlement occurred mainly during the 18th and 19th centuries and there was a
rapid intensification of forest and fish harvesting, hunting, farming and ranching. Much
of the original forest in The Land Between was harvested by the late 19th and early 20th
century (OMNR 1997). These activities continue to the present but in many areas have
been superseded by residential and recreation development and aggregate extraction.
1.2.4 NHIC Data Holdings on The Land Between
There are numerous tracked species and vegetation communities in The Land Between
(Figure 3, Table 1). The density of tracked species and communities appears no higher
than in surrounding regions, but there are areas where tracked species and communities
are concentrated. Examples include the alvars of the Carden and the Napanee plains, the
Big Chute Life Science Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (Varga 1988), the Eastern
Coastal Plain plant communities on the western side of The Land Between (Hanna 1979,
Keddy and Sharpe 1989). Many of the more promising areas of high biodiversity have
already been studied but less-explored areas remain.
Figure 3. Element occurrences in The Land Between, NHIC database.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Table 1. Some of the NHIC-tracked elements (species and plant communities) found in The Land
Between area of interest. Global and sub-national NatureServe ranks and COSEWIC and MNR
at-risk status follow the scientific name.
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Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, G4 S4B NAR End-R
Loggerhead Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus, G4 S2B End End-R
Least Bittern, Ixobrychus exilis, G5 S3B Thr Thr
Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor, G5 S3S4B NAR NAR
Cerulean Warbler, Dendroica cerulean, G4 S3B SC SC
Golden-winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera, G4 S4B Thr No MNR status
Amber-winged Spreadwing, Lestes eurinus, G4 S3 (and many other odonates)
Mulberry Wing, Poanes Massasoit, G4 S3
Channel Darter, Percina copelandi, G4 S2 Thr Thr
Eastern Hog-nosed Snake, Heterodon platirhinos, G5 S3 Thr Thr
Blanding’s Turtle, Emydoidea blandingii, G4 S3 Thr Thr
Massasauga, Sistrurus catenatus, G3G4 S3 Thr Thr
Milksnake, Lampropeltis triangulum, G5 S3 SC SC
Eastern Ribbonsnake, Thamnophis sauritus, G5 S3 SC SC
Common Five-lined Skink, Plestiodon fasciatus, G5 S3 SC SC
Northern Map Turtle, Graptemys geographica, G5 S3 SC SC
Snail-seed Pondweed, Potamogeton bicupulatus, G4? S3S4
Thread-like Naiad, Najas gracillima, G5? S2
Engelman’s Quillwort, Isoetes engelmannii, G4 S1 End End
Smooth Woodsia, Woodsia glabella, G5 S3
Juniper Sedge, Carex juniperorum, G2 S1 End End-R
Woodland Satin Grass, Muhlenbergia sylvatica, G5 S2
Billings’ Three-sided Sedge, Carex billingsii, G5T? S3
Carolina Yellow-eyed Grass, Xyris difformis, G5 S3?
Bayonet Rush, Juncus militaris, G4 S3S4
Secund Rush, Juncus secundus, G5? S2
White-fringed Orchid, Platanthera blepharioglottis, G4G5 S3S4
American Ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, G3G4 S2 End End
Butternut, Juglans cinerea, G3G4 S3? End End
Carey’s Smartweed, Polygonum careyi, G4 S3S4
Virginia St. John’s-wort, Triadenum virginicum, G5 S3
Virginia Meadow-beauty, Rhexia virginica, G5 S3S4
Large-flowered Ground-cherry, Leucophysalis grandiflora, G3? S3?
Twin-scaped Bladderwort, Utricularia geminiscapa, G4G5 S3
Sharp-leaved Goldenrod, Solidago arguta, G5 S3
Tufted Hairgrass – Canada Bluegrass – Philadelphia Panic Grass Alvar Grassland, G2G3? S2S3
Atlantic Coastal Plain Shallow Marsh, G2? S3
Water Star-grass Submerged Shallow Aquatic, G5Q S3S4
Red Cedar Treed Granite Barren, G? S1
Virginia Chainfern Bog, G3G4 S3
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
2. METHODS
2.1 Ecotones versus Ecodistricts
Traditionally, ecologists divide the landscape into more or less homogeneous areas to
inventory the range of natural heritage values that are present and to identify the best
representative ecosystem types for conservation. Thus we have a series of reports that
consider the best examples of landform/vegetation types in the ecodistricts of Ontario
(e.g. Brunton 1993, Lindsay 1984) and subsequent more detailed studies on particular
sites. Another way of looking at the landscape is to identify areas of changing landforms
or geology to capture the biological variety associated with these transitional landscapes.
These physical settings support transitional ecosystems or ecotones. Transitional zones
between ecological regions can support high levels of biodiversity (Kark et al. 2007).
This is the approach being taken in The Land Between.
2.2 Selection of Study Sites
Some sites in The Land Between have been well inventoried and documented, such as the
alvars of the Carden and Napanee plains (Brownell and Riley 2000, Jalava 2005), the
Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park (Jalava et al. 1991), the Chutes Area of Natural and
Scientific Interest (ANSI) (Varga 1988), Petroglyphs Provincial Park (Brownell 1977,
Dougan 2004) and the Atlantic Coastal Plain community of Matchedash (Long) Lake
(Hanna 1979). These sites continue to be among the most important for their biodiversity
in The Land Between. There are many tracked species and communities found in The
Land Between that are already part of the NHIC database (Table 1). However, there are
still other large natural areas with significant features and functions that are less well
known. Several of these areas were identified through discussion with The Land Between
Collaborative and they are the subject of exploratory studies being done in 2007 and 2008
by the NHIC (Figure 2).
An area south of the Severn River, the Somerville Forest/Ganaraska Trail area, the upper
watershed of the Crowe River and portions of the former Longford Township, were the
subjects of field visits in 2007, though most of the focus was on the first two sites. The
species lists provided in this interim report include all of the sites visited. Additional site
visits are planned for the 2008 field season; proposed areas include the Crowe River
watershed, the Longford area and the Mellon Lake area.
2.3 Field Methods
The number of field days allocated to the project (15 person-days) determined the survey
approach. The goal was to describe the type and condition of representative plant
communities of each study area, draw up a preliminary species list and make note of any
tracked species or communities observed. The UTM location of tracked species or plant
communites, and of any other vegetation communities described, was recorded to the
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
nearest 5-10 m using a hand-held GPS unit. All UTM locations given are using North
American Datum 1983. The information collected was used to assess the biodiversity
values of the site, the need for management actions and the potential for further
conservation steps.
Figure 4. Field survey sites in The Land Between area of interest.
The vegetation communities were described using the field form in Appendix C. Keys
from Lee et al. (1998) were used to identify the Ecological Land Classification (ELC)
vegetation type. Two communities were not found in Lee et al. (1998), as they occurred
outside of southern Ontario, or in Chambers et al. (1997), which only includes forested
types. These were described in our own terms. Some shrub species were included in the
description of the herbaceous/non-vascular layer when it was felt that this was the
appropriate functional location. Soil samples were examined using a tube auger.
Emphasis in listing species was on vascular plants and birds; reptiles and amphibians and
other fauna were also noted as they were encountered. Due to the limited field time and
the reconnaissance nature of the surveys, the species lists generated from this fieldwork
are not complete. Many more species would be observed with more time in the field and
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
with more seasons and habitats investigated. Breeding evidence for birds was assessed
using the criteria of Cadman et al. (2007).
Field visits were made on the following dates in 2007: Somerville area (May 19, June 13,
July 12, Aug 19, Aug 29), Crowe River watershed (May 21, June 3), Severn River (June
20, June 28), and the Longford area (Sept 5). An additional visit to the Longford area was
made on Sept 2, 2006.
3. RESULTS AND EVALUATION
3.1 South of Severn River Study Site
3.1.1 Landscape Context
This study area (map to be provided in final report) is on Crown Land west of Sparrow
Lake, south of the Severn River, north of the CNR Railway line. It is underlain with
granitic/gneissic bedrock.
This area has remained undeveloped and is relatively undisturbed compared to the
surrounding region. It is between the previously documented Atlantic Coastal Plain
communities in Matchedash (Long) Lake and the Morrison Lake Wetland and Severn
River Provincial Conservation Reserves. It has extensive granite rock barrens, mixed
forest and wetlands in excellent condition. The area is an excellent example of gneissic
rockland and wetland landforms characteristic of Ecodistrict 5E-7 (Macdonald 1986).
The vegetation communities are strongly controlled by bedrock. There is no human
habitation in the study area proper, but residences, mainly seasonal, are found nearby
along the Severn River and around Sparrow Lake. The Couchiching Conservancy has
been working in the area to promote conservation with private landowners (Figure 6).
A few areas accessible from the Orimat Road were explored on foot. A nearby reach of
the Severn River was also explored by canoe.
3.1.2 Representative Vegetation Communities
This area is a mixture of open and treed granitic rock barrens, coniferous and mixed
forest, marshes, shrub fens, small lakes and ponds (see cover photo). The terrain is
undulating and the amount of soil, daily temperatures and amount of moisture vary
widely with the position on the landscape. The following paragraphs describe
representative plant communities (mostly ELC vegetation types) that were encountered in
the study area. The list is not exhaustive. Common vegetation communities not described
below include graminoid marsh, shallow water aquatic and open rock barren.
1. Common Juniper Acidic Shrub Rock Barren Type
Location: 17T 0625307 4963761, foot of Orimat Road
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Tree layer: Quercus rubra, Pinus strobus, Pinus banksiana, Acer rubrum, Quercus alba,
Ulmus americana
Sapling layer: Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba
Shrub layer: Juniperus communis, Diervilla lonicera, Vaccinium angustifolium, Rubus
allegheniensis, Comptonia peregrina, Rhus typhina
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer: Danthonia spicata, Fragaria virginiana, Hypericum
perforatum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Asclepias syriaca, Panicum linearifolium, Poa
compressa, Panicum depauperatum, Panicum acuminatum var. acuminatum
Soil: none
Depth of organic layer: 0-3 cm
Bedrock: granite/gneiss
Moisture: Moist to dry
Slope: variable
Other observations: evidence of skeet shooting, but otherwise in excellent condition
2. Dry - Fresh Sugar Maple – Basswood Deciduous Forest Type
Location: 17T 0624355 4964736, west of Deadman’s Creek
Tree layer: Acer saccharum (largest dbh: 40 cm), Betula papyrifera, Tilia americana,
Acer rubrum, Pinus strobus (superstory)
Understory layer: Tsuga canadensis, Acer saccharum, Pinus strobus
Sapling layer: Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera, Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana,
Quercus rubra, Quercus alba
Shrub layer: Dirca palustris, Acer spicatum, Viburnum lantanoides, Acer
pennsylvanicum, Gaultheria procumbens, Mitchella repens
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer: Aralia nudicaulis, Pteridium aquilinum, Trillium
grandifolium, Clintonia borealis, Trientalis borealis, Lycocpodium dendroideum,
Oryzopsis asperifolia, Streptopus roseus, Coptis trifolia, Maianthemum canadense,
Eurybia macrophylla, Polygonatum pubsescens, Osmunda claytoniana, Brachyelytrum
erectum, Medeola virginiana, Anemone acutiloba, Actaea sp.
Soil type: Clayey sand and sandy clay to 35 cm, then bedrock
Depth of organic layer: 4 cm
Moisture: dry to fresh
Slope: 5%
Other observations: large burnt stumps present, site is adjacent to rock barrens and small
shaded cliffs
3. Leatherleaf – Forb Shrub Fen Type
Location: 17T 0625272 4963768, near foot of Orimat Rd, adjacent to rock barren
Shrub layer (60%): Chamaedaphne calyculata 60%
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (30%): Dulichium arundinaceum (15%), Triadenum
virginicum, Carex canescens, Calamagrostis canadensis, Carex echinata, Juncus effusus,
Juncus cf. articulatus, Drosera rotundifolia, Galium labradoricum, Glyceria canadensis
Bidens sp., Maianthemum canadense, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Brasenia schreberi (in
adjacent shallow water)
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Soil: small amount of coarse sand under organic layer
Depth of organic layer: 2-4 cm
Moisture: saturated
Slope: 10%
Other observations: large mats of Chamaedaphne offshore with more Pogonia, evidence
of skeet shooting
4. Virginia Chainfern Bog
Location: 17T 0623290 4965618, behind gravel storage area off of Orimat Road
Shrub layer (12%): Gaylussacia baccata (5%), Chamaedaphne calyculata (5%),
Vaccinium angustifolium (2%), Nemopanthus mucronatus, Rubus hispidus, Gaultheria
procumbens, Vaccinium macrocarpon
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (80%): Woodwardia virginica (80%), Sphagnum sp.,
Maianthemum trifolium, Maianthemum canadense
Soil type: Sphagnum 25 cm deep, then 4 cm peat, then 1 cm organic mixed with coarse
sand
Moisture: saturated at 25 cm
Slope: at bottom of granite basin
Other observations: small wetland in bedrock depression, fringed by shrubs
Figure 5. Virginia Chainfern Bog vegetation type, from the Severn River study area.
Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
3.1.3 Diversity
The vascular plants and fauna observed at the site are listed in Appendices A and B,
respectively. The biodiversity is typical of rock barrens, woodlands and wetlands in
Ecodistrict 5E-7. The interspersion of rock barrens, wetlands, ponds and forests creates a
variety of habitats for many different species.
Figure 6. Virginia St. John’s-wort (Triadenum virginicum S3) observed at Severn River
study area. Note the long style of the fruit which distinguishes it from the short-styled
(usually less than 1 mm) Marsh St. John’s-wort (T. fraseri). Photo by W. D. Bakowsky,
NHIC Archives.
3.1.4 Special Features
While one provincially-tracked Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) species was found, Virginia
St. John’s Wort (Triadenum virginicum S3), the authors did not discover large
concentrations of ACP species such as are present in Matchedash (Long) Lake (Hanna
1979) and in Morrisson Lake (Reid et al. 1991). The area appears to lack the sandy
shorelines that would support a more diverse Atlantic Coastal Plain plant community.
Matchedash (Long) Lake is known as one of the most diverse ACP sites in Ontario
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
(Keddy and Sharp 1989). The central and southwest portions of the study area, closer to
Matchedash Lake, were not explored due to time limitations, and it is possible that they
contain more ACP species. Round Lake, which should be accessible along the railway
line would be worth exploring. A number of species with ACP affinities (Keddy and
Sharp 1989), but which are also found more widely, were observed: Flatleaf Pondweed,
(Potamogeton robbinsii), Humped Bladderwort (Utricularia gibba), Purple Bladderwort
(Utricularia purpurea), Virginia Chainfern (Woodwardia virginica), Spoon-leaved
sundew (Drosera intermedia), Smaller Beggar-ticks (Bidens discoidea), and Lance-leaf
Violet (Viola lanceolata).
Other provincially-tracked species and communities observed in this study area were
Eastern Milksnake (Special Concern, S3), Common Five-lined Skink (Special Concern,
S3), a sedge (Carex billingsii S3) and Virginia Chainfern Open Bog Type (G3G4 S3).
Plants with a rounded provincial rank of S4 (uncommon in Ontario and/or threatened or
in decline over a portion of its Ontario range) included the tallgrass prairie grass, Big
Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii S4), found along the Severn River shoreline. Kamstra
(1992) noted this species in surveys for the Muskoka heritage Areas Program. Other S4
species observed were Hickey’s Club-moss (Lycopodium hickeyi S4), Virginia Chainfern
(Woodwardia virginica S4), Flatleaf Pondweed (Potamogeton robbinsii S4S5), Spiral
Pondweed (Potamogeton spirillis S4S5), Bearded Shorthusk (Brachyelytrum erectum
S4S5), Slender Pondweed (Potamogeton berchtoldii S4S5), Ribbon-leaf Pondweed
(Potamogeton epihydrus S4S5), Illinois Pondweed (Potamogeton illinoensis S4), Whitestem Pondweed (Potamogeton praelongis S4S5). Green Panic Grass (Panicum
depauperatum S4), Broad-leaf Witchgrass (Panicum latifolium S4), Slim-leaf Witchgrass
(Panicum linearifolium S4S5, Slender Dichanthelium (Panicum xanthophysum S4),
Canada Manna-grass (Glyceria canadensis S4S5), Clustered Sedge (Carex cumulata S4),
Robbins’ Spikerush (Eleocharis robinsii S4), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum S4),
Smooth Herbaceous Greenbrier (Smilax herbacea S4), Rose Pogonia (Pogonia
ophioglossoides S4S5), American Beech (Fagus grandifolia S4), Arrow-leaved
Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum S4), Water Dock (Rumex orbiculatus S4S5), Sand
Cherry (Prunus pumila S4S5), Bristly Dewberry (Rubus hispidus S4S5), Hardhack
Spiraea (Spiraea tomentosa S4S5), Bicknell Northern Crane’s-bill (Geranium bicknellii
S4), Canadian St. John’s-wort (Hypericum canadense S4?), Narrowleaf Pinweed (Lechia
intermedia S4), Lance-leaf Violet (Viola lanceolata S4), Eastern Leatherwood (Dirca
palustris S4?), Black Huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata S4), Large Cranberry
(Vaccinium macrocarpon S4S5), American Winterberry (Pyrola americana S4?),
American Cow-wheat (Melampyrum lineare S4S5), Humped Bladderwort (Utricularia
gibba S4), Purple Bladderwort (Utricularia purpurea S4), Squarrose Goldenrod
(Solidago squarrosa S4), Smaller Beggar-ticks (Bidens discoidea S4) and Kalm’s
Hawkweed (Hieracium kalmii S4).
Provincially rare non-native species observed were Stringy Stonecrop (Sedum
sarmentosum SE1) and Garden Stonecrop (Sedum telephium SE2).
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
3.1.5 Ecological Functions
Surface water of the area flows through small watercourses to the Severn River, though
many of the wet depressions are not connected to other water bodies by continuous
channels. The area has an important function in providing habitat for wildlife. A small
lake west of the gravel storage area supports a nesting site for Great Blue Heron. We also
saw evidence of a number of mammal species including Porcupine, Black Bear and
White-tailed Deer. The wetlands and rock barrens support many species of reptiles and
amphibians, some already noted. Eastern Massasauga is known from the Swift Rapids
Road (B. Bowles pers. comm.) and is possibly in the study area as well.
The study area supports adjacent conservation lands (Matchedash Lake ANSI, Severn
River Conservation Reserve, the Morrison Lake Conservation Reserve and the Roehl
Reserve) by increasing habitat availability, buffering from human impacts and
maintaining the hydrological regime.
3.1.5 Condition, Human Uses
Most of the study area is in excellent condition. The percentage of non-native to total
plant species was 8 %, a relatively low value for southern Ontario. Access to the central
part of the area is difficult due to the rough terrain and numerous wetlands. All Terrain
Vehicle (ATV) traffic, which is causing damage in the Matchedash Lake ANSI (R. Reid
pers. comm.), does not yet seem to be seriously affecting this site. There is evidence of
hunting for waterfowl (duck blinds) and skeet shooting. There are adjacent cottage
properties along the Severn River and traffic to and from these would have a low level of
impact. The fact that the Crown owns the land limits further residential and cottage
development. The Torpit and Orimat roads provide the only road access to the area. A
CN railway track skirts the area to the north. Burnt stumps are evidence of past forest
fire. The forest management history of the area is not known.
3.1.6 Management Recommendations
This area is noteworthy for its excellent condition and proximity to other designated
areas. It provides excellent examples of granitic rock barrens, shrub fens, Virgina
Chainfern bogs and mixed forest. These plant communities are well represented in
protected areas in this Ecodistrict (5E-7). The role of the property in buffering and
supporting adjacent conservation lands has already been noted. As a large parcel of
Crown Land, it offers the potential to be managed to sustain important ecosystems in
cooperation with stewardship efforts on adjacent private lands. Further exploration of
natural heritage features of the site is warranted, especially in the small lakes that are
present.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Figure 7. The Roehl Reserve, managed by the Couchiching Conservancy, is adjacent to
the Severn River study area. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives.
3.2 Somerville Forest/Ganaraska Study Site
3.2.1 Landscape Context
The Somerville Forest proper is a municipally-owned (City of Kawartha Lakes) parcel of
3,420 ha (part of the Victoria County Municipal Forest), that is being managed for a mix
of uses from forestry to hiking, cross-country skiing and snowmobile/ATV trails. There
are extensive tracts of plantation, Red and White Pine, interspersed with wetlands and
remnants of more natural forest commuities. Current forestry practice appears to be to
grow the pines and clear-cut them for revenue (Figure 7), rather than thinning the pines in
order to re-establish a forest composed of a mix of native hardwood and conifers.
The nearby Altberg Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve held by Ontario Nature,
anchors the Somerville area to the west. The Altberg Reserve spans the gap between the
historic Monck Road and Four Mile Lake. The Ganaraska Trail passes through the area
roughly in parallel to the Burnt River. The Burnt River and Corben Creek and provide
important aquatic habitat in the area. The Somerville area is right at the contact line with
the Canadian Shield; examples of both Precambrian and Paleozoic bedrock (a limestone
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
escarpment) exist in the Altberg Reserve for example. The Somerville area has a northern
flavour and supports Black Bear and Moose with its extensive wetlands and woodlands.
Figure 8. Clear-cut area in the Somerville Forest. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC
Archives.
3.2.2 Representative Vegetation Communities
The following accounts are for representative vegetation communities that were visited in
the study area. Common communites that were not sampled include graminoid marsh,
open water aquatic, rock barrens and alder swamp.
1. White Cedar – Conifer Organic Coniferous Swamp
Location: 17T 068021 4954844, north of 9th Somerville Concession Road, east of
Highway 121
Tree layer (80%): Thuja occidentalis (30%), Picea glauca (30%), Ulmus americana
(10%), Betula papyrifera (5%), Tsuga canadensis (5%)
Sapling layer (10%): Thuja occidentalis (5%), Picea glauca (5%)
Shrub layer (30%): Thuja occidentalis, Acer spicatum, Ribes lacustre, Lonicera
canadensis, Ledum groenlandicum, Gaultheria hispidula
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Herbaceous layer (90%): Rubus pubescens (10%), Coptis trifolia (10%), Maianthemum
canadense (1%), mosses, Cornus canadensis, Clintonia borealis, Onoclea sensibilis,
Gymnocarpium dryopteris.
Soil type: Peat, depth not recorded
Moisture: Saturated to just below surface
Slope: level
Other observations: patch size > 10 ha, mature community
2. Fresh – Moist Sugar MapleMixed Forest Type
Location: 17T 0683633 4953143, South of Pinery Road, near Ganaraska Trail
Tree layer (80%): Acer saccharum (40%), Tsuga canadensis (40%), Betula papyrifera,
Thuja occidentalis
Sapling layer (10%): Acer saccharum (5%), Tsuga canadensis (5%)
Shrub layer (25%): Rubus idaeus (10%), Prunus virginiana (5%), Taxus canadensis
(5%), Cornus alternifolia (1%), Lonicera canadensis
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (95%): Carex pedunculata (10%), Clintonia borealis,
Maianthemum canadense, Aralia nudicaulis, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Pteridium
aquilinum, Trillium grandifolium, Trientalis borealis, Athyrium filix-femina, Carex
leptonervia, Oryzopsis asperifolia
Soil type: loamy sand in high areas, organic in lower areas
Moisture: moist to wet in lower areas
Depth of organic layer: variable
Slope: variable
Other observations: Red-shouldered Hawk calling; the site has probably been logged;
patch size of this vegetation type is about 0.5 ha, but the site is surrounding by forest,
mostly plantation
3. White Cedar – Conifer Mineral Coniferous Swamp Type
Location: 17T 0681309 4952853, on trail north of Burnt River Road
Tree layer (70%): Picea glauca (40%), Thuja occidentalis (30%), Populus tremuloides,
Fraxinus nigra
Understory (1%): Ulmus americana, Picea glauca
Shrub layer (15%): Tsuga canadensis (5%), Prunus virginiana (2%), Lonicera
canadensis (2%)
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (40%): Osmunda regalis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex
stipata, Carex gracillima, Carex intumescens, Carex leptalea, Carex flava, Carex
gynandra, Glyceria striata, Dryopteris intermedia, Athyrium filix-femina, Onoclea
sensibilis, Aralia nudicaulis, Tsusilago farfara, Ranunculus acris, Cystopteris bulbifera,
Dryopteris cristata, Arisaema triphyllum, Prenanthes sp.
Bedrock: Limestone bedrock with scattered granite erratics
Soil type: 33 cm of organic, then fine sand
Moisture: saturated; standing water in places
Slope: slight slope
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Other observations: presence of Populus indicates past disturbance, such as logging or
fire
4. Red Maple – White Pine Deciduous Forest
Location: 17T 0681161 4953222, off of trail north of Burnt River Road
Tree layer (85%): Acer rubrum (70%), Pinus strobus (10%), Abies balsamea (5%)
Understory (10%)): Abies balsamea (5%), Acer rubrum (5%)
Sapling layer (20%): Acer rubrum (10%), Abies balsamea (5%), Prunus serotina
Shrub layer (1%): Ribes cynosbati (1%), Rubus canadensis
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (80%): Maianthemum canadense, Aralia nudicaulis,
Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris carthusiana, Polypodium virginianum, Lycopodium
dendroideum, Carex pedunculata, Trientalis borealis
Soil type: 2 cm organic, then 31 cm sandy clay, then granitic bedrock
Moisture: mesic
Slope: slightly sloped, well-drained
Other observations: Acer rubrum not normally dominant; this woodland adjoins rock
barren with Quercus rubra; vernal pools present, moose pellets; at a larger scsale, this
forest might be considered part of a Red Oak – Hardwood forest type as described in
Chambers et al. (1997)
5. Willow Organic Thicket Swamp Type
Location: 17T 0680652 4958075, 6.5 km west of Kinmount along Highway 503, north of
highway, adjacent to Corben Creek
Shrub layer (40%): Spiraea alba, Salix bebbiana, Spiraea tomentosa, Salix petiolaris,
Potentilla palustris
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer: Typha latifolia, Iris versicolor, Carex aquatilis, Solanum
dulcamara, Mentha arvensis, Galium trifidum, Polygonum sagittatum
Soil type: Organic
Moisture: standing water to a depth of about 50 cm.
Other observations: Black ash dead tree swamp to the north
6. Fresh – Moist SugarMaple – White Elm Deciduous Forest Type
Location: 17T 0676764 4961427, on Ganaraska Trail near Highway 45
Tree layer (90%): Acer saccharum (65%), Populus tremuloides (25%)
Understory (60%): Acer saccharum (30%), Abies balsamea (20%), Ulmus americana
(5%), Acer rubrum
Sapling layer (35%): Abies balsamea (20%), Acer saccharum (10%), Fraxinus
americana (5%)
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (60%): Aralia nudicaulis (10%), Maianthemum
canadense (5%), Trillium grandiflorum (2%), Trientalis borealis, Athyrium felix-femina,
Eurybia macrophylla, Tiarella cordifolia, Pteridium aquilinum, Carex deweyana
Soil type: Sandy clay loam, granitic bedrock at 25 cm
Moisture: moist
Slope: undulating
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Other observations: low level of disturbance
7. Bluejoint Organic Meadow Marsh Type
Location: 17T 0681937 4958067, opening in Somerville Forest
Tree Layer: scattered dead Picea glauca
Shrub layer (5%): Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (2%), Spiraea alba, Salix pyrifolia, Ilex
verticillata, Salix petiolaris, Viburnum lentago
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (98%): Calamagrostis canadensis, Scirpus cyperinus,
Eupatorium maculatum, Calla palustris, Carex stipata, Poa palustris, Glyceria
canadensis, Solanum dulcamara, Eleocharis smallii, Traiadenum fraseri, Carex crinita,
Juncus canadensis, Polygonum sagittatum, Ludwigia palustris
Soil type: organic to 25 cm, then medium sand
Moisture: Damp at time of sampling, standing water in spring
Slope: none
Other observations: large beaver meadow with uncommon willow species
8. Winterberry Organic Thicket Swamp
Location: 17T 0680455 4952943, where Corben Creek empties into Four Mile Lake
Tree layer (5%): Acer X freemanii (5%)
Sapling layer (2%): Acer X freemanii (2%)
Shrub layer (85%): Ilex verticillata (35%), Myrica gale (30%), Viburnum lentago (5%),
Spiraea alba, Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, Salix petiolaris
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer: Potentilla palustris, Lythrum salicaria, Sium suave,
Euthamia graminifolia, Solidago rugosa, Dulichium arundinaceum, Aster lateriflorus,
sedges (identified but not linked to this community)
Soil type: organic to more that 40 cm
Moisture: saturated
Other observations: condition looks excellent, especially further north; culvert under road
recently replaced, fresh gravel
9. Pondweed Mixed Shallow Aquatic Type
Location: as above
Floatiang and submerged vegetation (50 %): Potamogeton epihydrus (5%), Brasenia
schreberi (5%), Nymphaea odorata
Soil type: not sampled
Moisture: open water
Other observations: much more of this and the above community further north along
Corben Creek; would be worthwhile exploring by canoe
10. Dry – Fresh Sugar Maple – Black Cherry Deciduous Forest Type
Location: 17T 0679288 4956484, in Altberg Reserve near granite “mesa”
Tree layer (95%): Acer saccharum (75%), Prunus serotina (10%), Betula alleghaniensis
(8%), Fagus grandifolia, Abies balsamea
Sapling layer (5%): Fraxinus americana (5%)
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Shrub layer: Acer pennsylvanicum, Viburnum lantanoides
Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (25%): Dryopteris intermedia, Aralia nudicaulis,
Maianthemum canadense, Polygonatum pubescens, Carex pedunculata, Trillium
grandiflorum, Lycopodium dendroideum, Huperzia lucidula, Carex intumescens
Soil type: 2 cm of black loam, then fine sand to more that 40 cm depth
Moisture: fresh
Other observations: largest sugar maples are 40-45 cm dbh; surrounding forest has
extensive blowdown, but this commuity was less affected; skidder trail on adjacent land.
Figure 9. Dry – Fresh Sugar Maple – Black Cherry Deciduous Forest Type, Altberg
Reserve. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives.
The Altberg Reserve contains an excellent example of mature Sugar Maple – Black
Cherry Forest in Site district 5E-11 near the contact line and of deciduous forest on a
limestone escarpment outlier.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
3.2.4 Diversity
The vascular plants and fauna observed at the site are listed in Appendices A and B,
respectively. The Somerville Forest and surrounding area provided a variety of habitats
representative of Ecodistrict 5E-11.
3.2.3 Special Features
The only provincially-tracked species observed in the study area in 2007 was Goldenwinged Warbler (Threatened S4B). Because it was identified by song only, it could not
be confirmed, as the Blue-winged Warbler sometimes sings the Golden-winged Warbler
song. Red-shouldered Hawk (Special Concern S4B) was observed along Pinery Road but
is no longer tracked by the NHIC.
There are probably additional tracked species associated with the Altberg Reserve and
with the rich wetlands in the area. Possibilities include Cerulean Warbler, Least Bittern,
Hog-nosed Snake and American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) among other species.
The Red Maple-dominated Red Maple-White Pine Deciduous Forest Type described
from the Somerville Forest is an uncommon forest type, possibly provincially rare.
Further field work would determine if it should be considered part of a larger unit that is
of a more common type.
Species ranked S4 observed in the Somerville study area, including the Altberg Reserve
are: New York Fern (Thelypteris novaboracensis S4), Canadian Yew (Taxus canadensis
S4), Bearded Shorthusk (Brachyelytrum erectum S4S5), American Bur-reed (Sparganium
americanum S4?), Ribbon-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton epihydrus S4S5), Canada
Manna-grass (Glyceria canadensis S4S5), Black-fruit Mountain-ricegrass (Oryzopsis
racemosa S4), Finely-nerved Sedge (Carex leptonervia S4), Stellate Sedge (Carex
radiata S4), Mosquito Bulrush (Scirpus hattorianus S4), American Beech (Fagus
grandifolia S4), Arrow-leaved Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum S4), Water Dock
(Rumex orbiculatus S4S5), Long-fruited Anemone (Anemone cylimdrica S4), Smooth
Blackberry (Rubus canadensis S4?), Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris S4) and
Hardhack Spiraea (Spiraea tomentosa S4).
A provincially-rare non-native species was observed in the Altberg Reserve: Garden
Stonecrop (Sedum telephium SE2).
The presence of Balsam Willow (Salix pyrifolia) is noteworthy in that it is a species
widespread in the Boreal region but also found in Ontario along the southern edge of the
Shield. Moose was observed in a wetland adjacent to the Monck Road and fresh Black
Bear tracks were seen in the Somerville Forest.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
3.2.5 Ecological Functions
Natural areas in the Somerville Forest study area maintain water quality and quantity in
the Burnt River and Corben Creek, the latter flowing into Four Mile Lake just below the
Altberg Reserve. There is extensive habitat for a variety of species, notably for the large
wide-ranging mammals Black Bear and Moose.
Figure 10. Blowdown area in the Altberg Reserve. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC
Archives.
3.2.6 Condition, Human Uses
The percentage of exotic species to total species was 13% in the Ganaraska/Somerville
study area, exluding the Altberg Reserve, and 7 % for the Altberg Reserve itself,
although the latter value is based on a more incomplete species list. These percentages
reflect the observed level of disturbance.
Many areas in the Somerville Forest area, particularly the municipal lands themselves,
have been heavily impacted by forestry practices, past and present. There is a high level
of ATV traffic outside of the protected Altberg Reserve. The Ganarask Trail north of the
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Monck Road does not appear to be heavily used. This trail provides a link to the nearby
Queen Elizabeth II Provincial Park.
No information was obtained on the level of hunting in the area.
3.2.7 Management Recommendations
The complex of natural areas in the vicinity of the Somerville Forest offers opportunities
to extend the conservation efforts that have already taken place (Figure 9). The close
association of private, municipal, Crown and non-governmental conservation lands
presents an opportunity for partnerships and stewardship that will result in more
recognition and conservation of the natural heritage features of the area.
Figure 11. The Great Lake Conservation Blueprint for Terrestrial Biodiversity shown
over The Land Between area of interest. The Blueprint includes both existing protected
areas, shown in dark green, and additional target areas, shown in medium green.
Given that the condition of woodlands has been significantly affected by forestry,
discussions could be initiated with the City of Kawartha Lakes about the best forest
management practices for this area that would move the forests towards a more natural
state.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
It would be beneficial from a natural heritage point of view to protect a zone around the
Ganaraska Trail that links with other nearby natural areas. This could provide a corridor
for movement of wildlife as well as for human pedestrians.
The provincial government and non-governmental conservation organizations could
pursue opportunities for natural heritage stewardship in the Somerville area with owners
of property adjacent to Crown land (including Queen Elizabeth II Provincial Park), the
Altberg Reserve, the Somerville Forest, the Burnt River and the Ganaraska Trail.
4. INVENTORY NEEDS FOR THE 2008 FIELD SEASON
The most promising areas for discovering new occurrences of tracked species and
communities appear to be Corben Creek on the south side of the Altberg Reserve, the
Altberg Reserve, the Longford area and the upper Crowe River watershed. The small
unexplored lakes and ponds in the Severn River study area may have more Atlantic
Coastal Plain species. The area near the Mellon Lake Conservation Reserve also offers
potential for new findings but there may not be sufficient time in the contract to explore
this area. It is recommended that permission be sought to access several private properties
in the Upper Crowe River watershed and that these be the focus of the remaining field
days. One of the authors (MJM) has arranged for a one-day inventory of the Altberg
Reserve by the the Field Botanists of Ontario in May 2008.
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Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Brownell, V.R. 1977. A Reconnaissance Life Science Inventory of Petroglyphs
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Hanna, R. 1979. A life Science Inventory and Evaluation of Matchedash Park Reserve.
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Henson, B.L., and K.E. Brodribb. 2005. Great Lakes Conservation Blueprint for
Terrestrial Biodiversity, Volume 2: Ecodistrict Summaries. Nature Conservancy of
Canada and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 344 pp. Available online at
http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/projects/conservation_blueprint/blueprint_main.cfm
Hills, G.A. 1959. A Ready Reference to the Description of the Land of Ontario and its
Productivity; A Compendium of Maps, Charts, Tables and Brief Comments. Divisioni of
Research, Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Maple, Ontario. 142 pp.
25
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate Change 2007 Synthesis
Report. Summary for Policy Makers. Accessed Feb. 22, 2008 at http://www.ipcc.ch/. 23
pp.
Jalava, J.V. 2005. Life Science Inventory of Cameron Ranch Provincial Nature Reserve.
Ontario Parks, Central Zone, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Huntsville, Ontario.
iv + 114 p. + 5 pp. checksheet + 2 maps.
Jalava, J.V., R.A. Ben-Oliel, C.D. Jones, J.J. Oldham, W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A.
Sutherland. 2001. Reconnaissance Life Science Inventory of the Kawartha Highlands
Signature Site (Including Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park). Natural Heritage
Information Centre and Southcentral Region, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources,
Peterborough, Ontario. 148 pp. + 3 maps.
Kamstra, J. 1992. Identification of Natural Heritage Areas Along the Severn River
Corridor. Report prepared for Muskoka Heritage Areas Program by Gartner Lee Ltd,
GLL91-188. 81 pp. + app.
Kark, S., T.F. Allnutt, N. Levin, L.L. Manne, and P.H. Williams. 2007. The Role of
Transitional Areas as Avian Biodiversity Centres. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16:
187-196.
Keddy, C.J., and M.J. Sharp. 1989. Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora Conservation in Ontario.
A report prepared for the Natural Heritage League and World Wildlife Fund. vi + 92 pp.
+ field data sheets.
Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray.
1998. Ecological Land Classification for Southern Ontario: First Approximation and its
Application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section,
Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-02. 225 pp.
Lindsay, K.M. 1984. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District
6-9: A Review and Assessment of Significant Natural Areas in Site District 6-9. Central
Region, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Richmond Hill, Ontario. SR OFER 8601.
Macdonald, I.D. 1986. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site
District 5-7, in Huronia District; A Review and Assessment of Sifnificant Natural Areas
in Site District 5-7, in Huronia District. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Parks and
Recreational Areas Section, Central Region, Richmond Hill, Ontario. ix + 135 pp. + map.
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1997. Forest History in Eastern Ontario. Ontario
Ministry of Natural Resources and Landowner Resource Centre Extension Note. Queen’s
Printer for Ontario. 6 pp.
26
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Reid, R., D. Sutherland, B. Bowles, L. Sober, and S. O’Donnell. 1991. Muskoka Heritage
Areas Progam, Report No. 1: Results of 1990 Field Season. Muskoka Heritage Areas
Program, District Municipality of Muskoka and the Muskoka Heritage Foundation,
Bracebridge, Ontario. 126 pp.
Varga, S. 1988. A Biological Inventory and Evaluation of the Big Chute Rocklands Area
of Natural and Scientific Interest, Parks and Recreation Section, Central Region, Ontario
Ministry of Natural Resources, Richmond Hill, Ontario. SR OFER 8807. x + 110 p. + 4
folded maps.
27
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum arvense
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum hyemale
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum scirpoides
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum sylvaticum
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium annotinum
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium clavatum
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium dendroideum
LYCOPODIACEAE
Diphasiastrum digitatum
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium hickeyi
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodiella inundata
LYCOPODIACEAE
Huperzia lucidula
SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella rupestris
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium virginianum
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda cinnamomea
OSMUNDACEAE
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Field
Horsetail
Rough
Horsetail
Dwarf
Scouring
Rush
Woodland
Horsetail
Stiff
Clubmoss
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
APPENDIX A. Vascular plants (443 taxa) observed in 2007 fieldwork in The Land Between. Records contributed by M.J. McMurtry,
W.D. Bakowsky and D.A. Sutherland. Voucher specimens indicated by collection number.
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
X
Ganaraska/
Somerville
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
Osmunda claytoniana
Running Pine
Treelike
Clubmoss
Fan Clubmoss
Hickey's
Clubmoss
Northern Bog
Clubmoss
Shining
Clubmoss
Ledge Spikemoss
Rattlesnake
Fern
Cinnamon
Fern
Interrupted
Fern
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda regalis
Royal Fern
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Pteridium aquilinum
Bracken Fern
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
28
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Athyrium filix-femina
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Cystopteris bulbifera
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Cystopteris tenuis
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Dryopteris carthusiana
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Dryopteris cristata
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Dryopteris intermedia
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Subarctic
Lady-fern
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
X
X
Ganaraska/
Somerville
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
G4G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
Dryopteris marginalis
Bulblet Fern
A
Bladderfern
Spinulose
Shield Fern
Crested
Shield-fern
Evergreen
Woodfern
Marginal
Wood-fern
G5
S5
N
X
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Oak Fern
G5
S5
N
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Matteuccia struthiopteris
G5
S5
N
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Onoclea sensibilis
G5
S5
N
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Polystichum acrostichoides
G5
S5
N
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Woodsia ilvensis
G5
S5
N
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Phegopteris connectilis
G5
S5
N
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Thelypteris noveboracensis
Ostrich Fern
Sensitive
Fern
Christmas
Fern
Rusty
Woodsia
Northern
Beech Fern
New York
Fern
G5
S4S5
N
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Thelypteris palustris
G5
S5
N
X
BLECHNACEAE
Woodwardia virginica
G5
S4
N
X
POLYPODIACEAE
Polypodium virginianum
G5
S5
N
TAXACEAE
Taxus canadensis
Marsh Fern
Virginia
Chainfern
Rock
Polypody
Canadian
Yew
G5
S4
N
PINACEAE
Abies balsamea
G5
S5
N
X
X
PINACEAE
Larix laricina
Balsam Fir
American
Larch
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-54
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
29
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
PINACEAE
Picea glauca
White Spruce
G5
S5
N
PINACEAE
Picea mariana
Black Spruce
G5
S5
N
PINACEAE
Pinus banksiana
Jack Pine
G5
S5
N
PINACEAE
Pinus resinosa
G5
S5
N
PINACEAE
Pinus strobus
Red Pine
Eastern
White Pine
G5
S5
N
PINACEAE
Pinus sylvestris
G?
SE5
N
PINACEAE
Tsuga canadensis
G5
S5
N
CUPRESSACEAE
Juniperus communis
G5
S5
CUPRESSACEAE
Thuja occidentalis
G5
TYPHACEAE
Typha angustifolia
TYPHACEAE
Typha latifolia
SPARGANIACEAE
Sparganium americanum
SPARGANIACEAE
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
Sparganium eurycarpum
Scotch Pine
Eastern
Hemlock
Ground
Juniper
Eastern
White Cedar
Narrowleaved Cattail
Broad-leaf
Cattail
American
Bur-reed
Large Burreed
Large-leaf
Pondweed
Slender
Pondweed
Ribbon-leaf
Pondweed
Grassy
Pondweed
Illinois
Pondweed
Floating
Pondweed
White-stem
Pondweed
Potamogeton amplifolius
Potamogeton berchtoldii
Potamogeton epihydrus
Potamogeton gramineus
Potamogeton illinoensis
Potamogeton natans
Potamogeton praelongus
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
X
Ganaraska/
Somerville
X
Longford
Area
X
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
N
X
X
X
S5
N
X
X
X
G5
SE5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
G5
S4?
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4S5
N
X
G5
S4S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4S5
N
X
X
X, MJM2007-164
X
X, MJM2007-160
X, MJM2007-174
30
Potamogeton richardsonii
Potamogeton robbinsii
Potamogeton spirillus
Potamogeton zosteriformis
NAJADACEAE
Najas flexilis
ALISMATACEAE
Sagittaria latifolia
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Elodea canadensis
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Vallisneria americana
POACEAE
Agrostis gigantea
POACEAE
Agrostis perennans
POACEAE
Agrostis scabra
POACEAE
Agrostis stolonifera
POACEAE
Andropogon gerardii
POACEAE
Brachyelytrum erectum
POACEAE
Bromus ciliatus
POACEAE
Bromus inermis
POACEAE
Calamagrostis canadensis
POACEAE
Dactylis glomerata
POACEAE
Danthonia spicata
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
POTAMOGETONACEA
E
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Redheadgrass
Flatleaf
Pondweed
Spiral
Pondweed
Flatstem
Pondweed
Slender
Naiad
Broadleaf
Arrowhead
Broad
Waterweed
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4S5
N
X
G5
S4S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
Eel-grass
Black
Bentgrass
Perenial
Bentgrass
Rough
Bentgrass
Spreading
Bentgrass
G5
S5
N
Big Bluestem
Bearded
Shorthusk
Fringed
Brome
Awnless
Brome
Canada Bluejoint
Orchard
Grass
Poverty
Oatgrass
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
G4G5
SE5
N
X, MJM2007152
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S4
N
G5
S4S5
G5
S5
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
G?
SE5
N
G5
S5
N
N
Ganaraska/
Somerville
X, MJM2007-49
X, MJM2007-111
X, MJM2007-112
X, MJM2007-110
X, MJM2007-179
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-33
X
X
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-43
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
31
POACEAE
Muhlenbergia glomerata
POACEAE
Panicum depauperatum
POACEAE
Panicum latifolium
POACEAE
Panicum linearifolium
POACEAE
Panicum xanthophysum
POACEAE
Elymus hystrix
POACEAE
Elymus trachycaulus
POACEAE
Elymus repens
POACEAE
Festuca pratensis
POACEAE
Glyceria borealis
POACEAE
Glyceria canadensis
POACEAE
Muhlenbergia mexicana
POACEAE
Oryzopsis asperifolia
POACEAE
Oryzopsis racemosa
TRACK
Leersia oryzoides
Deschampsia flexuosa
SRANK
POACEAE
POACEAE
SPROT
Glyceria striata
SCI_NAME
NPROT
POACEAE
COMMON_
NAME
Crinkled
Hairgrass
Green Panicgrass
Broad-leaf
Witchgrass
Slim-leaf
Witchgrass
Slender
Dichantheliu
m
Bottlebrush
Grass
Slender
Wheatgrass
Creeping
Wild-rye
Meadow
Fescue
Small
Floating
Manna-grass
Canada
Manna-grass
Fowl Mannagrass
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-36
G5
S4
N
X, MJM2007-38
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S4S5
N
X, MJM2007-35
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
G5
SE5
G5
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
X
X
X
X
X
N
X
X
SE5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S4S5
N
G5
S5
Rice Cutgrass
G5
S5
N
Marsh Muhly
Mexican
Muhly
Whitegrained
Mountainricegrass
Black-fruit
Mountainricegrass
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S4
N
Crowe River
X
X, MJM2007-157
X
X
X, MJM2007151
X
X, MJM2007-23
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007153
X, MJM2007-173
X
X, MJM2007-140
X
X, MJM2007-02
X
X, MJM2007156
32
POACEAE
Panicum capillare
POACEAE
Phleum pratense
POACEAE
Phragmites australis
POACEAE
Poa compressa
POACEAE
Poa palustris
POACEAE
Schizachne purpurascens
POACEAE
Sporobolus vaginiflorus
POACEAE
Panicum acuminatum var.
acuminatum
CYPERACEAE
Carex aquatilis
Purple Oat
Sheathed
Dropseed
Water Sedge
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Old Witch
Panic-grass
Meadow
Timothy
Common
Reed
Canada
Bluegrass
Fowl
Bluegrass
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
G5
S5
N
G?
SE5
N
G5
S5
N
G?
SE5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S4
N
G5T5
SU
G5
S5
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
X
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-121
X, MJM2007149, MJM2007150
X
N
Black Sedge
G5?
S5
N
G5
S5
N
CYPERACEAE
Carex canescens
Hoary Sedge
G5
S5
N
CYPERACEAE
Carex communis
Fibrous-root
Sedge
G5
S5
N
CYPERACEAE
Carex comosa
G5
S5
N
CYPERACEAE
Carex crawfordii
G5
S5
N
X
CYPERACEAE
Carex crinita
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-128
CYPERACEAE
Carex cumulata
G4?
S4
N
N
X, MJM2006-138
X, MJM2007-30
X, MJM2007145
Bebb's Sedge
S5
X
X, MJM2006-137
X, MJM2007-39,
MJM2007-51,
MJM2007-124
Carex arctata
G5
X
X
Carex bebbii
Carex deweyana
Crowe River
X
CYPERACEAE
CYPERACEAE
Longford
Area
X
CYPERACEAE
Bristly Sedge
Crawford
Sedge
Fringed
Sedge
Clustered
Sedge
Short-scale
Sedge
Ganaraska/
Somerville
X
X
X, MJM2007-42
X, MJM2007-18
X, MJM 200705, MJM200706
X, MJM2007-122,
MJM2007-159
X, MJM2007-162,
MJM2007-163
X, MJM2007183b
X
X
X, MJM2007154
X
X, MJM2007-73
X, MJM2007-04
33
CYPERACEAE
CYPERACEAE
Carex eburnea
Carex echinata ssp.
echinata
CYPERACEAE
Carex flava
CYPERACEAE
Carex foenea
CYPERACEAE
Carex gracillima
CYPERACEAE
Carex gynandra
CYPERACEAE
Carex hystericina
CYPERACEAE
Carex interior
CYPERACEAE
Carex intumescens
CYPERACEAE
Carex lacustris
CYPERACEAE
Carex lasiocarpa
CYPERACEAE
Carex leptalea
CYPERACEAE
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Ebony Sedge
Little Prickly
Sedge
Yellow
Sedge
Fernald's Hay
Sedge
Graceful
Sedge
Nodding
Sedge
Porcupine
Sedge
G5
S5
G5T5
S5
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
N
X
Ganaraska/
Somerville
X, MJM2007-44
X, MJM2007-28
X, MJM2007-142
X, MJM2007155
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-27
Carex leptonervia
Inland Sedge
Bladder
Sedge
Lake-bank
Sedge
Slender
Sedge
Bristly-stalk
Sedge
Finelynerved Sedge
G4
S4
N
X, MJM2007-01
CYPERACEAE
Carex lucorum
A Sedge
G4
S4
N
CYPERACEAE
Carex lurida
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-126
CYPERACEAE
Carex merritt-fernaldii
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-52
CYPERACEAE
Carex pedunculata
G5
S5
N
CYPERACEAE
Carex pseudo-cyperus
Sallow Sedge
Merrit
Fernald's
Sedge
Longstalk
Sedge
Cyperus-like
Sedge
Stellate
Sedge
G5
S5
N
Carex radiata
G4
S4
Crowe River
X
G5
CYPERACEAE
Longford
Area
N
X, MJM2007-25
X
X, MJM2007-29
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-26
X
X, MJM2007-19
X, MJM2007-07
X
X, MJM2007-182
X
X, MJM2007-03
X
X, MJM2007146
34
CYPERACEAE
Carex retrorsa
CYPERACEAE
CYPERACEAE
Carex richardsonii
Carex tonsa var.
rugosperma
CYPERACEAE
Carex scoparia
CYPERACEAE
Carex stipata
CYPERACEAE
Carex tenera
CYPERACEAE
Carex utriculata
CYPERACEAE
Cladium mariscoides
CYPERACEAE
Dulichium arundinaceum
CYPERACEAE
Eleocharis acicularis
CYPERACEAE
Eleocharis obtusa
CYPERACEAE
Eleocharis ovata
CYPERACEAE
Eleocharis robbinsii
CYPERACEAE
CYPERACEAE
Eleocharis smallii
Eriophorum vaginatum
ssp. spissum
CYPERACEAE
Eriophorum virginicum
CYPERACEAE
Schoenoplectus acutus
CYPERACEAE
Scirpus cyperinus
CYPERACEAE
Scirpus hattorianus
Twig Rush
Three-way
Sedge
Least Spikerush
Blunt Spikerush
Ovate
Spikerush
Robbins
Spikerush
Creeping
Spike-rush
Sheathed
Cottongrass
Tawny
Cotton-grass
Hard-stem
Club-rush
Cottongrass
Bulrush
Mosquito
Bulrush
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Retrorse
Sedge
Richardson
Sedge
Umbel-like
Sedge
Pointed
Broom Sedge
Stalk-grain
Sedge
Slender
Sedge
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
G5
S5
N
G4
S4?
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-55
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G4G5
S4
N
X
G5?
S5
N
X, MJM2007-143
G5T5
S5
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4
N
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X, MJM2007-181,
MJM2007-183a
X, MJM2007-22,
MJM2007-24
X, MJM2007-17
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-175
X, MJM2007-123
X, MJM2007-16
X, MJM2007-169
X
X
X, MJM2007-113
35
TRACK
S5
N
G5T?
S2S3
Y
X
G5
S5
N
X
Wild Calla
Carolina
Yellow-eyedgrass
Grassleaf
Mud-plantain
Pickerel
Weed
G5
S5
N
G5
S3?
Y
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-45
Juncus brevicaudatus
Jointed Rush
Narrowpanicled
Rush
G5
S5
N
X
JUNCACEAE
Juncus canadensis
Canada Rush
G5
S5
N
X
X, MJM2007-117
JUNCACEAE
Juncus effusus
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-57
X
JUNCACEAE
Juncus pelocarpus
Soft Rush
Brownfruited Rush
G5
S5
N
X
JUNCACEAE
Juncus tenuis
Path Rush
G5
S5
N
X
LILIACEAE
Allium schoenoprasum
Chives
Blue Beadlily
G5
S4
G5
S5
N
Wood Lily
Wild-lily-ofthe-valley
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
CYPERACEAE
SCI_NAME
Schoenoplectus
tabernaemontani
CYPERACEAE
Carex billingsii
ARACEAE
Arisaema triphyllum
ARACEAE
Calla palustris
XYRIDACEAE
Xyris difformis
PONTEDERIACEAE
Heteranthera dubia
PONTEDERIACEAE
Pontederia cordata
JUNCACEAE
Juncus cf. articulatus
JUNCACEAE
LILIACEAE
Clintonia borealis
LILIACEAE
Lilium philadelphicum
LILIACEAE
Maianthemum canadense
LILIACEAE
Maianthemum racemosum
LILIACEAE
Maianthemum stellatum
COMMON_
NAME
Soft-stem
Club-rush
Sedge
Jack-in-thepulpit
Starflower
SPROT
G?
FAMILY
NPROT
SRANK
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X, MJM2007-20
X
X
X
X, MJM2006-135
X, MJM2007-177,
MJM2007-180
X, MJM2007161,
MJM2007-165,
MJM2007-170
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
36
LILIACEAE
Maianthemum trifolium
LILIACEAE
Medeola virginiana
LILIACEAE
Polygonatum pubescens
LILIACEAE
Streptopus lanceolatus
LILIACEAE
Trillium grandiflorum
LILIACEAE
Uvularia grandiflora
SMILACACEAE
Smilax herbacea
IRIDACEAE
Iris versicolor
ORCHIDACEAE
Cypripedium acaule
ORCHIDACEAE
Epipactis helleborine
ORCHIDACEAE
Pogonia ophioglossoides
ORCHIDACEAE
Spiranthes cernua
SALICACEAE
Populus balsamifera
SALICACEAE
Populus grandidentata
SALICACEAE
Populus tremuloides
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
False
Solomon'sseal
Three-leaf
Solomon'sseal
Indian
Cucumberroot
Downy
Solomon'sseal
Rose
Twisted-stalk
White
Trillium
Largeflowered
Bellwort
Smooth
Herbaceous
Greenbrier
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
X
Crowe River
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
X
G5
S4
N
X
Blueflag
Pink Lady'sslipper
Eastern
Helleborine
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G?
SE5
N
Rose Pogonia
Nodding
Ladies'tresses
Balsam
Poplar
Large-tooth
Aspen
Trembling
Aspen
G5
S4S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
37
SALICACEAE
Salix bebbiana
SALICACEAE
Salix discolor
SALICACEAE
Salix eriocephala
SALICACEAE
Salix humilis
SALICACEAE
Salix lucida
SALICACEAE
Salix petiolaris
SALICACEAE
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Bebb's
Willow
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
Crowe River
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
Salix pyrifolia
Pussy Willow
Heart-leaved
Willow
Tall Prairie
Willow
Shining
Willow
Meadow
Willow
Balsam
Willow
G5
S5
N
SALICACEAE
Salix x rubens
A Willow
HYB
SE4
N
X
MYRICACEAE
Comptonia peregrina
G5
S5
N
X
MYRICACEAE
Myrica gale
G5
S5
N
X
X
BETULACEAE
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa
Sweet Fern
Sweet
Bayberry
Speckled
Alder
G5T5
S5
X
X
BETULACEAE
Betula alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
G5
S5
N
BETULACEAE
Betula papyrifera
G5
S5
N
X
X
BETULACEAE
Corylus cornuta
G5
S5
N
X
BETULACEAE
Ostrya virginiana
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
X
FAGACEAE
Fagus grandifolia
Paper Birch
Beaked
Hazelnut
Eastern Hophornbeam
American
Beech
G5
S4
N
X
X
X
X
FAGACEAE
Quercus alba
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
X
FAGACEAE
Quercus macrocarpa
G5
S5
N
X
FAGACEAE
Quercus rubra
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
X
ULMACEAE
Ulmus americana
White Oak
Mossy-cup
Oak
Northern Red
Oak
American
Elm
G5?
S5
N
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-31,
MJM2007-120
X
X, MJM2007-116
X, MJM2007-166
X
X
X
X
X
38
TRACK
SRANK
SPROT
NPROT
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
CANNABACEAE
Humulus lupulus
COMMON_
NAME
Common
Hop
G5
S4
N
URTICACEAE
Boehmeria cylindrica
False Nettle
G5
S5
N
X
URTICACEAE
Laportea canadensis
G5
S5
N
X
URTICACEAE
Pilea pumila
G5
S5
N
SANTALACEAE
Comandra umbellata
G5
S5
N
X
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum amphibium
G5
S5
N
X
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum douglasii
G5
S4
N
POLYGONACEAE
G5
SE5
N
X
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum hydropiper
Polygonum
hydropiperoides
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-130
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum persicaria
G3G5
SE5
N
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum punctatum
G5
S5
N
X
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum sagittatum
Wood Nettle
Canada
Clearweed
Umbellate
Bastard
Toad-flax
Water
Smartweed
Douglas
Knotweed
Marshpepper
Smartweed
Mild Waterpepper
Lady's
Thumb
Dotted
Smartweed
Arrow-leaved
Tearthumb
G5
S4
N
X
POLYGONACEAE
Rumex acetosella
Sheep Sorrel
G?
SE5
POLYGONACEAE
Rumex orbiculatus
G5
S4S5
N
X
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Dianthus armeria
Water Dock
Deptfordpink
G?
SE5
N
X
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Saponaria officinalis
G?
SE5
N
X
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Silene antirrhina
G5
S5
N
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum demersum
G5
S5
N
NYMPHAEACEAE
Nuphar variegata
Bouncing-bet
Sleepy
Catchfly
Common
Hornwort
Yellow
Cowlily
G5T5
S5
N
FAMILY
SCI_NAME
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-176
X, MJM2007-118
X
X
X
X
X
X
39
NYMPHAEACEAE
Nymphaea odorata
CABOMBACEAE
Brasenia schreberi
RANUNCULACEAE
Actaea pachypoda
RANUNCULACEAE
Anemone cylindrica
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
American
Water-lily
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S4
N
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
X
X
X
X
RANUNCULACEAE
Aquilegia canadensis
Watershield
White
Baneberry
Long-fruited
Anemone
Wild
Columbine
G5
S5
N
RANUNCULACEAE
Coptis trifolia
Goldthread
G5
S5
N
X
RANUNCULACEAE
Anemone acutiloba
Liverleaf
G5
S5
N
X
RANUNCULACEAE
Anemone americana
G5
S5
N
X
G5
SE5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
G4G5
S5
N
G4G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-46
G?
SE1
N
X
G?
SE2
N
G5
S5
N
RANUNCULACEAE
Ranunculus acris
RANUNCULACEAE
Thalictrum pubescens
BERBERIDACEAE
Caulophyllum thalictroides
FUMARIACEAE
Corydalis sempervirens
BRASSICACEAE
Arabis divaricarpa
BRASSICACEAE
Cardamine pratensis
SARRACENIACEAE
Sarracenia purpurea
DROSERACEAE
Drosera intermedia
DROSERACEAE
Drosera rotundifolia
CRASSULACEAE
Sedum sarmentosum
CRASSULACEAE
Sedum telephium
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Saxifraga virginiensis
Tall Buttercup
Tall
Meadow-rue
Pale
Corydalis
Limestone
Rockcress
Cuckoo
Flower
Northern
Pitcher-plant
Spoon-leaved
Sundew
Roundleaf
Sundew
Stringy
Stonecrop
Garden
Stonecrop
Virginia
Saxifrage
X
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-41
X
X
40
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Tiarella cordifolia
GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes cynosbati
GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes glandulosum
GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes lacustre
ROSACEAE
Agrimonia gryposepala
ROSACEAE
Amelanchier arborea
ROSACEAE
Amelanchier sp.
ROSACEAE
Aronia melanocarpa
ROSACEAE
Potentilla palustris
ROSACEAE
Crataegus macrosperma
ROSACEAE
Crataegus sp.
ROSACEAE
Fragaria virginiana
Serviceberry
Black
Chokeberry
Marsh
Cinquefoil
Common
Hawthorn
ROSACEAE
Potentilla norvegica
ROSACEAE
Potentilla simplex
Hawthorn
Virginia
Strawberry
Norwegian
Cinquefoil
Old-field
Cinquefoil
ROSACEAE
Prunus pensylvanica
ROSACEAE
Prunus pumila
ROSACEAE
Prunus serotina
ROSACEAE
Prunus virginiana
ROSACEAE
Rosa blanda
ROSACEAE
Rubus allegheniensis
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Heart-leaved
Foam-flower
Prickly
Gooseberry
Skunk
Currant
Bristly Black
Currant
Tall Hairy
Groovebur
Downy
Serviceberry
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
Ganaraska/
Somerville
X
X, MJM2007-37
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
N
N
G5
S5
N
Pin Cherry
G5
S5
N
Sand Cherry
Wild Black
Cherry
Choke
Cherry
G5
S4S5
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
G5
G5
X
X
N
S5
X
X
S5
S5
Crowe River
X
G5
G5
Longford
Area
X
N
G5
Smooth Rose
Allegheny
Blackberry
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
X
X, MJM2007148
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
N
X
X
X
S5
N
X
S5
N
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-34
X
41
ROSACEAE
Rubus canadensis
ROSACEAE
Rubus flagellaris
ROSACEAE
Rubus hispidus
ROSACEAE
Rubus idaeus
ROSACEAE
Rubus occidentalis
ROSACEAE
Rubus odoratus
ROSACEAE
Rubus pubescens
ROSACEAE
Spiraea alba
ROSACEAE
Spiraea tomentosa
ROSACEAE
Waldsteinia fragarioides
Rubus idaeus ssp.
melanolasius
ROSACEAE
FABACEAE
Amphicarpaea bracteata
FABACEAE
Desmodium glutinosum
Desmodium paniculatum
var. paniculatum
FABACEAE
American
Hog-peanut
Large Ticktrefoil
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Smooth
Blackberry
Northern
Dewberry
Bristley
Dewberry
Common Red
Raspberry
Black
Raspberry
Purple
Flowering
Raspberry
Catherinettes
Berry
Narrowleaved
Meadowsweet
Hardhack
Spiraea
Barren
Strawberry
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
G5
S4?
N
G5
S4
N
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
X, MJM2007147
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-47,
MJM2007-129
G5
S4S5
N
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
G5
S4S5
N
X
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5T5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4
N
X
X
X
G5T5
S4
N
FABACEAE
Melilotus alba
White Sweet
Clover
G5
SE5
N
FABACEAE
Trifolium pratense
Red Clover
G?
SE5
N
FABACEAE
Vicia cracca
G?
SE5
N
GERANIACEAE
Geranium bicknellii
Tufted Vetch
Bicknell
Northern
G5
S4
N
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
42
GERANIACEAE
Geranium robertianum
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala paucifolia
Rhus radicans ssp.
rydbergii
ANACARDIACEAE
Herb-robert
Gay-wing
Milkwort
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Crane's-bill
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
G5
SE5
N
G5
S5
N
X
X
Poison Ivy
Staghorn
Sumac
G5T5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
X, MJM2007-58,
MJM2007-60
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
ANACARDIACEAE
Rhus typhina
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex verticillata
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Nemopanthus mucronatus
CELASTRACEAE
Celastrus scandens
ACERACEAE
Acer pensylvanicum
Black Holly
Mountain
Holly
Climbing
Bittersweet
Striped
Maple
ACERACEAE
Acer rubrum
Red Maple
G5
S5
N
ACERACEAE
Silver Maple
G5
S5
N
ACERACEAE
Acer saccharinum
Acer saccharum ssp.
saccharum
G5T5
S5
N
X
X
X
ACERACEAE
Acer spicatum
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
ACERACEAE
Acer x freemanii
HYB
S?
N
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens capensis
G5
S5
N
X
VITACEAE
Vitis riparia
G5
S5
N
X
TILIACEAE
G5
S5
N
CLUSIACEAE
Tilia americana
Hypericum mutilum ssp.
boreale
G5
S5
N
X
CLUSIACEAE
Hypericum canadense
G5
S4?
N
X, MJM2007-127
CLUSIACEAE
Hypericum majus
Sugar Maple
Mountain
Maple
Hybrid
Maple
Spotted
Jewel-weed
Riverbank
Grape
American
Basswood
Northern St.
John's-wort
Canadian St.
John's-wort
Larger
Canadian St.
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
43
CLUSIACEAE
Hypericum perforatum
CLUSIACEAE
Triadenum fraseri
CLUSIACEAE
Triadenum virginicum
CISTACEAE
Lechea intermedia
VIOLACEAE
Viola lanceolata
VIOLACEAE
Viola macloskeyi
VIOLACEAE
Viola sororia
THYMELAEACEAE
Dirca palustris
LYTHRACEAE
Decodon verticillatus
LYTHRACEAE
Lythrum salicaria
ONAGRACEAE
Circaea lutetiana
ONAGRACEAE
Epilobium angustifolium
ONAGRACEAE
Epilobium coloratum
ONAGRACEAE
Ludwigia palustris
ONAGRACEAE
Oenothera biennis
HALORAGACEAE
Myriophyllum spicatum
Myriophyllum
verticillatum
HALORAGACEAE
A St. John'swort
Marsh St.
John's-wort
Marsh St.
John's-wort
Narrowleaf
Pinweed
Lance-leaf
Violet
Smooth
White Violet
Woolly Blue
Violet
Eastern
Leatherwood
Hairy Swamp
Loosestrife
Purple
Loosestrife
Southern
Broadleaf
Enchanter's
Nightshade
Fireweed
Purple-leaf
Willow-herb
Marsh
Seedbox
Common
Eveningprimrose
Eurasian
Water-milfoil
Whorled
Water-milfoil
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
John's Wort
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
G?
SE5
N
X
X
G4G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S3
Y
X
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G4
S4?
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
SE5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G?
SE5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-119
X
X
44
ARALIACEAE
Aralia hispida
ARALIACEAE
Aralia nudicaulis
APIACEAE
Cicuta bulbifera
APIACEAE
Daucus carota
APIACEAE
Hydrocotyle americana
APIACEAE
Osmorhiza claytonii
APIACEAE
Sium suave
CORNACEAE
Cornus alternifolia
CORNACEAE
Cornus canadensis
CORNACEAE
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Bristly
Sarsaparilla
Wild
Sarsaparilla
Bulb-bearing
Waterhemlock
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
Crowe River
G5
S5
N
X
X, MJM2007-53
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
Wild Carrot
American
Waterpennywort
Hairy Sweetcicely
Hemlock
Waterparsnip
Alternate-leaf
Dogwood
G?
SE5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
ERICACEAE
Cornus rugosa
Andromeda polifolia ssp.
glaucophylla
Bunchberry
Roundleaf
Dogwood
Bog
Rosemary
G5T5
S5
N
ERICACEAE
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Bearberry
G5
S5
N
X
ERICACEAE
Chamaedaphne calyculata
G5
S5
N
X
ERICACEAE
Epigaea repens
Leatherleaf
Trailing
Arbutus
Creeping
Snowberry
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S4
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
ERICACEAE
Gaultheria hispidula
ERICACEAE
Gaultheria procumbens
ERICACEAE
Gaylussacia baccata
ERICACEAE
Ledum groenlandicum
Teaberry
Black
Huckleberry
Common
Labrador Tea
ERICACEAE
Vaccinium angustifolium
Late
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
45
TRACK
S4S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4?
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
SPROT
G4
NPROT
SRANK
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
ERICACEAE
Vaccinium macrocarpon
ERICACEAE
Vaccinium myrtilloides
ERICACEAE
Vaccinium oxycoccos
PYROLACEAE
Chimaphila umbellata
PYROLACEAE
Pyrola americana
PRIMULACEAE
Lysimachia terrestris
PRIMULACEAE
Lysimachia thyrsiflora
PRIMULACEAE
Trientalis borealis
COMMON_
NAME
Lowbush
Blueberry
Large
Cranberry
Velvetleaf
Blueberry
Small
Cranberry
Common
Wintergreen
American
Wintergreen
Swamp
Loosestrife
Water
Loosestrife
Northern
Starflower
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
OLEACEAE
Fraxinus americana
White Ash
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
OLEACEAE
Fraxinus nigra
G5
S5
N
MENYANTHACEAE
G5
S5
N
APOCYNACEAE
Menyanthes trifoliata
Apocynum
androsaemifolium
G5
S5
N
X
APOCYNACEAE
Apocynum cannabinum
G5
S5
N
X
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias incarnata
G5
S5
N
X
X
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias syriaca
Black Ash
Bog
Buckbean
Spreading
Dogbane
Clasping-leaf
Dogbane
Swamp
Milkweed
Kansas
Milkweed
Common
Viper'sbugloss
G5
S5
N
X
X
G?
SE5
N
X
X
Field Basil
Brittle-stem
Hempnettle
G5
S5
N
X
G?
SE5
N
X
FAMILY
SCI_NAME
BORAGINACEAE
Echium vulgare
LAMIACEAE
Clinopodium vulgare
LAMIACEAE
Galeopsis tetrahit
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
X
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-167
X
X
X
X
X
46
LAMIACEAE
Lycopus americanus
LAMIACEAE
Lycopus uniflorus
LAMIACEAE
Monarda fistulosa
LAMIACEAE
Prunella vulgaris
LAMIACEAE
Scutellaria galericulata
LAMIACEAE
Scutellaria lateriflora
LAMIACEAE
Mentha arvensis
SOLANACEAE
Solanum dulcamara
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Agalinis tenuifolia
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Chelone glabra
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Melampyrum lineare
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Penstemon hirsutus
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Verbascum thapsus
OROBANCHACEAE
Epifagus virginiana
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Pinguicula vulgaris
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia gibba
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia minor
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia purpurea
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia vulgaris
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
American
Bugleweed
Northern
Bugleweed
Wild
Bergamot
Bee-balm
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
Self-heal
Hooded
Skullcap
Mad Dog
Skullcap
G5
S5
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
Corn Mint
Climbing
Nightshade
Slender
Agalinis
White
Turtlehead
American
Cow-wheat
Hairy
Beardtongue
Great
Mullein
G5
S5
N
X
G?
SE5
N
X
G5
S4S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4S5
N
X
G4
S4
N
G?
SE5
N
Beechdrops
Common
Butterwort
Humped
Bladderwort
Lesser
Bladderwort
Purple
Bladderwort
Greater
Bladderwort
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-56
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
N
X
X
X, MJM2007-141
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-144
X
X
X
X
47
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago major
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago rugelii
RUBIACEAE
Cephalanthus occidentalis
RUBIACEAE
Galium asprellum
RUBIACEAE
Galium labradoricum
RUBIACEAE
Galium trifidum
RUBIACEAE
Galium triflorum
RUBIACEAE
Mitchella repens
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Diervilla lonicera
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera canadensis
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera dioica
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera hirsuta
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Sambucus canadensis
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Sambucus racemosa
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Symphoricarpos albus
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Viburnum acerifolium
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Viburnum cassinoides
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Viburnum lantanoides
Snowberry
Maple-leaf
Viburnum
Northern
Wild-raisin
Alderleaf
Viburnum
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Nipple-seed
Plantain
Black-seed
Plantain
Common
Buttonbush
Rough
Bedstraw
Bog
Bedstraw
Small
Bedstraw
Sweet-scent
Bedstraw
Partridgeberry
Northern
Bushhoneysuckle
American
Flyhoneysuckle
Mountain
Honeysuckle
Hairy
Honeysuckle
Common
Elderberry
European
Red Elder
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
G5
SE5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
G4G5
Ganaraska/
Somerville
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-184
X
X
X
X
X
X
N
X, MJM2007-59
X
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
X
G5
S5
N
X
X
X
Crowe River
X
X
X
Longford
Area
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2007-21
48
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Viburnum lentago
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Viburnum rafinesquianum
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula rotundifolia
CAMPANULACEAE
Lobelia inflata
ASTERACEAE
Achillea millefolium
ASTERACEAE
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
ASTERACEAE
Anaphalis margaritacea
ASTERACEAE
Antennaria neglecta
Symphyotrichum
ciliolatum
Symphyotrichum
cordifolium
Symphyotrichum
lanceolatum
Symphyotrichum
lateriflorum
ASTERACEAE
ASTERACEAE
ASTERACEAE
ASTERACEAE
ASTERACEAE
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Nannyberry
Downy
Arrowwood
American
Harebell
Indiantobacco
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
Yarrow
Annual
Ragweed
Pearly
Everlasting
Field
Pussytoes
Lindley's
Aster
Heart-leaf
Aster
Panicled
Aster
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
Starved Aster
Large-leaf
Wood-aster
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S4
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X, MJM2006-136
X
X
ASTERACEAE
Eurybia macrophylla
Symphyotrichum
puniceum
ASTERACEAE
Doellingeria umbellata
ASTERACEAE
Bidens cernua
ASTERACEAE
Bidens discoidea
ASTERACEAE
Bidens frondosa
Swamp Aster
Flat-top
White Aster
Nodding
Beggar-ticks
Swamp
Beggar-ticks
Devil's
Beggar-ticks
ASTERACEAE
Cichorium intybus
Chicory
G?
SE5
N
ASTERACEAE
Cirsium arvense
Crepping
G?
SE5
N
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
49
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Thistle
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
Ganaraska/
Somerville
ASTERACEAE
Cirsium vulgare
Bull Thistle
G5
SE5
N
ASTERACEAE
Conyza canadensis
Fleabane
G5
S5
N
X
ASTERACEAE
Erechtites hieracifolia
G5
S5
N
X
ASTERACEAE
Erigeron annuus
G5
S5
N
X, MJM2007-50
ASTERACEAE
Erigeron strigosus
G5
S5
N
ASTERACEAE
Eupatorium maculatum
G5
S5
ASTERACEAE
Eupatorium perfoliatum
G5
S5
N
ASTERACEAE
Eupatorium rugosum
G5
S5
N
X
ASTERACEAE
Euthamia graminifolia
G5
S5
N
X
ASTERACEAE
Hieracium kalmii
G5
S4S5
ASTERACEAE
Hieracium piloselloides
G?
SE5
N
X, MJM2007-40
X
ASTERACEAE
G5
S5
N
X
X
ASTERACEAE
Lactuca canadensis
Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum
Fireweed
White-top
Fleabane
Daisy
Fleabane
Spotted Joepye Weed
Common
Boneset
White
Snakeroot
Flat-top
Fragrantgolden-rod
Kalm's
Hawkweed
Tall
Hawkweed
Canada
Lettuce
G?
SE5
N
X
X
ASTERACEAE
Matricaria matricarioides
G5
SE5
N
ASTERACEAE
Megalodonta beckii
G4G5
S5
N
X
ASTERACEAE
Prenanthes alba
G5
S5
N
X
ASTERACEAE
Prenanthes sp.
Oxeye Daisy
Pineappleweed
Chamomile
Watermarigold
White
Rattlesnakeroot
White
Rattlesnakeroot
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
N
X
X
X
50
ASTERACEAE
Rudbeckia hirta
ASTERACEAE
Solidago caesia
ASTERACEAE
Solidago canadensis
ASTERACEAE
Solidago flexicaulis
ASTERACEAE
Solidago hispida
ASTERACEAE
Solidago juncea
ASTERACEAE
Solidago nemoralis
ASTERACEAE
Solidago rugosa
ASTERACEAE
Solidago squarrosa
ASTERACEAE
Sonchus arvensis
ASTERACEAE
Tanacetum vulgare
ASTERACEAE
Tragopogon pratensis
ASTERACEAE
Tussilago farfara
ASTERACEAE
Solidago altissima
Solidago hispida var.
hispida
ASTERACEAE
Colt's Foot
Tall
Goldenrod
TRACK
SRANK
COMMON_
NAME
Black-eyed
Susan
Bluestem
Goldenrod
Canada
Goldenrod
Broad-leaved
Goldenrod
Hairy
Goldenrod
Early
Goldenrod
Field
Goldenrod
Rough-leaf
Goldenrod
Squarrose
Goldenrod
Field
Sowthistle
Common
Tansy
Meadow
Goat's-beard
SPROT
SCI_NAME
NPROT
FAMILY
GRANK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
Severn
River
Altberg Reserve
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
X
G5
S5
N
G5
S5
X
G5
S5
N
G4?
S4
N
G?
SE5
G?
SE5
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ganaraska/
Somerville
Longford
Area
Crowe River
X
X
X, MJM2007-109
X
X
X, MJM2007-114,
MJM2007-115
X
X
X
N
X
G?
SE5
N
X
G?
SE5
N
X
G5T5
S5
X
G5T5
SU
X
X
51
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
SPROT
SRANK
SPIROBOLIDAE
Narceus americanus
A Millipede
G?
S?
N
LYCAENIDAE
Celastrina ladon
Spring Azure
G5
S5
N
X
X
NYMPHALIDAE
Danaus plexippus
Monarch
G4
S4
N
X
X
LIBELLULIDAE
Ladona julia
Chalk-fronted Corporal
G5
S5
N
DREISSENIDAE
Dreissena polymorpha
Zebra Mussel
G5
SE
N
X
BUFONIDAE
Anaxyrus americanus
American Toad
G5
S5
N
X
HYLIDAE
Hyla versicolor
Gray Treefrog
G5
S5
N
X
SC
Pseudacris triseriata
Western Chorus Frog
G5
S4
N
Lythobates catesbeiana
American Bullfrog
G5
S4
N
RANIDAE
Lythobates clamitans
Green Frog
G5
S5
N
X
RANIDAE
Lythobates pipiens
Northern Leopard Frog
G5
S5
N
X
RANIDAE
Lythobates sylvatica
Wood Frog
G5
S5
N
CHELYDRIDAE
Chelydra serpentina
Snapping Turtle
G5
S5
N
Chrysemys picta
Painted Turtle
G5
EMYDIDAE
Emydoidea blandingii
Blanding's Turtle
G4
SCINCIDAE
Plestiodon fasciatus
Common Five-lined Skink
G5
COLUBRIDAE
Lampropeltis triangulum
Eastern Milksnake
G5
COLUBRIDAE
Thamnophis sirtalis
Common Gartersnake
G5
GAVIIDAE
Gavia immer
Common Loon
G5
ARDEIDAE
Ardea herodias
Great Blue Heron
G5
NAR
S5
X
X
X
X
Y
SC
SC
S3
Y
X
SC
SC
S3
Y
X
NAR
X
X
S3
NAR
X
X
THR
S5
X
X
RANIDAE
NAR
NAR
X
HYLIDAE
EMYDIDAE
NAR
SC
Crowe
River
NPROT
Longford
Reserve
GRANK
Ganaraska/
Somerville
COMMON_NAME
Severn
River
SCI_NAME
Altberg
Reserve
FAMILY
TRACK
APPENDIX B. Fauna observed in 2007 fieldwork in The Land Between. Breeding evidence for birds is documented in the table as
X=present in suitable habitat, P=probable, C=confirmed.
X
X
X
X
X
X
S4B,SZN
N
P
P
S5B,SZN
N
C
X
X
52
SPROT
SRANK
Crowe
River
NPROT
Longford
Reserve
GRANK
Ganaraska/
Somerville
COMMON_NAME
Severn
River
SCI_NAME
Altberg
Reserve
FAMILY
TRACK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
ANATIDAE
Mergus serrator
Red-breasted Merganser
G5
S4B,SZN
N
P
CATHARTIDAE
Cathartes aura
Turkey Vulture
G5
S4B,SZN
N
X
ACCIPITRIDAE
Buteo lineatus
Red-shouldered Hawk
G5
S4B,SZN
N
ACCIPITRIDAE
Buteo platypterus
Broad-winged Hawk
G5
S5B,SZN
N
ACCIPITRIDAE
Buteo jamaicensis
Red-tailed Hawk
S5B,SZN
N
FALCONIDAE
Falco columbarius
PHASIANIDAE
Bonasa umbellus
PHASIANIDAE
Meleagris gallopavo
SCOLOPACIDAE
SC
SC
P
G5
NAR
NAR
Merlin
G5
NAR
NAR
S4B,SZN
N
X
Ruffed Grouse
G5
S5
N
P
Wild Turkey
G5
S4
N
Tringa solitaria
Solitary Sandpiper
G5
S4B,SZN
N
SCOLOPACIDAE
Scolopax minor
American Woodcock
G5
S5B,SZN
N
LARIDAE
Larus delawarensis
Ring-billed Gull
G5
S5B,SZN
N
X
CUCULIDAE
Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Black-billed Cuckoo
G5
S4B,SZN
N
P
ALCEDINIDAE
Ceryle alcyon
Belted Kingfisher
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
PICIDAE
Sphyrapicus varius
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
X
X
X
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
PICIDAE
Picoides villosus
Hairy Woodpecker
G5
S5
N
P
P
PICIDAE
Colaptes auratus
Northern Flicker
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
TYRANNIDAE
Contopus virens
Eastern Wood-pewee
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
TYRANNIDAE
Empidonax alnorum
Alder Flycatcher
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
TYRANNIDAE
Empidonax minimus
Least Flycatcher
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
53
SPROT
SRANK
S5B,SZN
N
TYRANNIDAE
Myiarchus crinitus
Great Crested Flycatcher
G5
S5B,SZN
N
TYRANNIDAE
Tyrannus tyrannus
Eastern Kingbird
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
HIRUNDINIDAE
Tachycineta bicolor
Tree Swallow
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
HIRUNDINIDAE
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Cliff Swallow
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
CORVIDAE
Cyanocitta cristata
Blue Jay
G5
S5
N
CORVIDAE
Corvus brachyrhynchos
American Crow
G5
S5B,SZN
N
CORVIDAE
Corvus corax
Common Raven
G5
S5
N
X
PARIDAE
Poecile atricapillus
Black-capped Chickadee
G5
S5
N
P
SITTIDAE
Sitta canadensis
Red-breasted Nuthatch
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
Crowe
River
NPROT
Longford
Reserve
GRANK
G5
Ganaraska/
Somerville
COMMON_NAME
Eastern Phoebe
Severn
River
SCI_NAME
Sayornis phoebe
Altberg
Reserve
FAMILY
TYRANNIDAE
TRACK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
X
X
X
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
SITTIDAE
Sitta carolinensis
White-breasted Nuthatch
G5
S5
N
TROGLODYTIDAE
Troglodytes aedon
House Wren
G5
S5B,SZN
N
TROGLODYTIDAE
Troglodytes troglodytes
Winter Wren
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
TURDIDAE
Catharus fuscescens
Veery
G5
S4B,SZN
N
P
P
TURDIDAE
Hylocichla mustelina
Wood Thrush
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
MIMIDAE
Dumetella carolinensis
Gray Catbird
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
BOMBYCILLIDAE
Bombycilla cedrorum
Cedar Waxwing
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
VIREONIDAE
Vireo solitarius
Blue-headed Vireo
G5
S5B,SZN
N
VIREONIDAE
Vireo flavifrons
Yellow-throated Vireo
G5
S4B,SZN
N
VIREONIDAE
Vireo olivaceus
Red-eyed Vireo
G5
S5B,SZN
N
PARULIDAE
Vermivora chrysoptera
Golden-winged Warbler
G4
S4B,SZN
Y
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
54
SPROT
SRANK
PARULIDAE
Vermivora peregrina
Tennessee Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
PARULIDAE
Vermivora ruficapilla
Nashville Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
PARULIDAE
Dendroica pensylvanica
Chestnut-sided Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
PARULIDAE
Dendroica magnolia
Magnolia Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
PARULIDAE
Dendroica caerulescens
Black-throated Blue Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
Crowe
River
NPROT
Longford
Reserve
GRANK
Ganaraska/
Somerville
COMMON_NAME
Severn
River
SCI_NAME
Altberg
Reserve
FAMILY
TRACK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
C
P
PARULIDAE
Dendroica virens
Black-throated Green Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
P
PARULIDAE
Dendroica pinus
Pine Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
P
PARULIDAE
Mniotilta varia
Black-and-white Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
PARULIDAE
Setophaga ruticilla
American Redstart
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
P
PARULIDAE
Seiurus aurocapillus
Ovenbird
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
P
P
PARULIDAE
Geothlypis trichas
Common Yellowthroat
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
P
P
PARULIDAE
Wilsonia canadensis
Canada Warbler
G5
S5B,SZN
N
THRAUPIDAE
Piranga olivacea
Scarlet Tanager
G5
S5B,SZN
N
CARDINALIDAE
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
G5
S5B,SZN
N
EMBERIZIDAE
Spizella passerina
Chipping Sparrow
G5
S5B,SZN
N
EMBERIZIDAE
Spizella pusilla
Field Sparrow
G5
S5B,SZN
N
EMBERIZIDAE
Melospiza melodia
Song Sparrow
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
EMBERIZIDAE
Melospiza georgiana
Swamp Sparrow
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
EMBERIZIDAE
Zonotrichia albicollis
White-throated Sparrow
G5
S5B,SZN
N
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
55
SPROT
SRANK
Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Bobolink
G5
S4B,SZN
N
ICTERIDAE
Agelaius phoeniceus
Red-winged Blackbird
G5
S5B,SZN
N
ICTERIDAE
Sturnella magna
Eastern Meadowlark
G5
S5B,SZN
N
FRINGILLIDAE
Carpodacus purpureus
Purple Finch
G5
S5B,SZN
N
TALPIDAE
Parascalops breweri
Hairy-tailed Mole
G5
S4
N
SCIURIDAE
Tamias striatus
Eastern Chipmunk
G5
S5
N
SCIURIDAE
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
Red Squirrel
G5
S5
N
S5
N
X
S5
N
X
X
ERETHIZONTIDAE
Erethizon dorsatum
Porcupine
G5
URSIDAE
Ursus americanus
Black Bear
G5
PROCYONIDAE
Procyon lotor
Raccoon
G5
S5
N
MUSTELIDAE
Mustela vison
Mink
G5
S5
N
CERVIDAE
Odocoileus virginianus
White-tailed Deer
G5
S5
N
CERVIDAE
Alces alces
Moose
G5
S5
N
NAR
NAR
Crowe
River
NPROT
ICTERIDAE
Longford
Reserve
GRANK
Ganaraska/
Somerville
COMMON_NAME
Severn
River
SCI_NAME
Altberg
Reserve
FAMILY
TRACK
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
P
P
P
P
P
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
56
Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report
APPENDIX C. Vegetation Community Data Sheet
Site Name:
Observer(s):
Date:
Transect No.:
Stop No.:
Topo Map:
Datum:
Accuracy of UTM: 1 (within 1 m), 2 (within 10 m), 3 (within 1 km), 4 (within 10 km)
Zone:
Easting:
Northing:
Vegetation Community Name:
Estimated Patch size (1 ha=100m x100m):
ELC Name:
Ecosite Name:
ELC Code:
Vegetation
Tree Layer (%cover +dominants% +major associates):
Understory Layer (%cover +dominants% +major associates):
Sapling Layer (%cover +dominants% +major associates):
Shrub Layer (%cover +dominants% +major associates):
Herbaceous/Non-vascular: (%cover +dominants% +major associates):
Rare Flora/Fauna:
Succession/Mosaic Comments:
Landform (e.g. alluvial sand plain, drumlin, bedrock):
Topographic Position:
Geology:
Soil Type/Description:
Depth of Organic Layer:
Site Moisture:
Depth to Gley/Mottling:
Slope/Drainage:
Threats, Other Observations:
57