Development of Georgia
Establishment of the University of
Georgia, Louisville, and the spread of
Baptist and Methodist churches
Standards
• SS8H5 The student will explain
significant factors that affected the
development of Ga. as part of the
growth of the U.S. between 1789 &
1840.
a. Explain the establishment of the
UGA, Louisville, & the spread of
Baptist & Methodist churches
University of Georgia
• Most Georgians had not been to school at all.
• 1784 – Govt. set aside land for a state college
• 1785-UGA was chartered as land grant
university (govt. donated land)
• 1801- 1st building Franklin College (white males
only)
• 1918 – Women were admitted
How many years was it before women were
allowed to attend Univ. of GA?
Louisville (1786)
• GA has several capital cities including Savannah
and Augusta.
• A Commission was given money to purchase
1,000 acres of land for new capital
• 20 miles from Indian trading post on Ogeechee
River
• Named after King Louis XVI
• Served as capital for 10 yrs.
• Capital of Georgia moved here because of the
changing population--closer to the center of the
state.
The two largest church
denominations in Georgia
Methodist
John Wesley, founder
Circuit riders
(ministers who went from
place to place)
One service a month
Baptist
1788 – First African
Baptist Church in
Savannah
b. Evaluate the impact of land policies
pursued by Georgia; include the
headright system, land lotteries, and the
Yazoo land fraud.
Headright System
• Distributed Native American lands to new
settlers.
• Involved lands to the east of the Oconee
River
• Every “head” of household had the “right”
to up to 1000 acres of land.
• Free land! (often given as a reward for
service in the American Revolution)
Land Lotteries
• Replaced the headright system as a way
of distributing land to yeoman farmers.
• Most land was to the west of the Oconee
River
• Tickets were sold for chances to win.
• Provisions of winning land: all white males
at least 21 years of age. Also, head of
households with children, war veterans,
and widows had extra chances of winning.
Yazoo Land Fraud
1. Why did the incident occur?
2. What was the result of the
federal government resolving
the matter?
3. What happened to Georgia
because of this?
1. Land companies bribed Georgia
governor and legislators to sell them land
for cheap. The companies were sold 3550 million acres of land for $500k. Then
they turned around and tried to sell it for
a huge profit.
2. The federal government paid $4 million
in order to resolve this matter and also
disputed Georgia’s right to the land.
3. Georgia also ceded (gave up) all of its
land west of the Chattahoochee River to
the federal government for $1.25 million.
c. Explain how technological developments,
including the cotton gin and railroads, had an
impact on Georgia’s growth.
Cotton Gin
(CB: read pages 179-181—Farming)
(UGA: read page 173, top of page 174)
1. Who invented the cotton gin?
2. What did the cotton gin do?
3. What was Georgia’s chief cash crop after
the invention of the gin?
4. Predict: What was the result on slavery
because of the cotton gin?
1. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.
2. The purpose of the gin was to remove
the seed from cotton.
3. Cotton was Georgia’s chief cash crop
after the gin was invented. “King”
4. The gin increased the need for slavery
because plantation owners were able to
make a higher profit from the sale of
cotton.
Railroads
(CB: read pages 181-182—Transportation)
(UGA: read pages 148-50 about railroads)
1. What was Terminus?
2. What railroad was the primary railroad in
Georgia in the 1830’s?
3. Predict: How would the railroad be
important to Georgia’s war effort before
and during the Civil War?
1. Terminus (now Atlanta) was the end of
the Western and Atlantic rail line.
2. The Western and Atlantic railroad was
the primary railroad in Georgia in the
1830’s.
3. Railroads were important to Georgia
before and during the Civil War because
it was an important mode of
transportation. i.e. transportation of
supplies, weapons, people etc.
Standards
• SS8H5 The student will explain significant
factors that affected the development of
Georgia as part of the growth of the United
States between 1789 and 1840.
– d. Analyze the events that led to the removal of
Creeks and Cherokees; include the roles of
Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah,
John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v.
Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the
Trail of Tears
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Eli Whitney
Alexander McGillivray
William McIntosh
Sequoyah
John Ross
Andrew Jackson (Indian Removal)
John Marshall (Indian Removal)
Use the textbooks you have (index) and the New
Georgia Encyclopedia (online) to find
information for your brochure. Make a draft of
your information before you write it neatly on
your brochure. This should be display-worthy!
Alexander McGillivray
• Creek leader in the
Oconee War between
the Creek and the
Georgia pioneers.
• McGillivray signed the
Treaty of New York
(Creek had to give up
all land east of the
Oconee River).
William McIntosh
• Creek Chief who
worked out Treaty of
Indian Springs.
• United States paid
$200,000 to cede
(give up) the last
Creek lands in GA to
the federal govt.
• Angry Creeks killed
him as a result.
Dahlonega Gold Rush
• Discovered in 1829
• Lumpkin County was
the 1st gold mining
center in the U.S.
• GA passed a law that
places part of the
Cherokee land under
state control and they
could not speak
against white men in
court.
• Dec. 1829, a second
law refused the
Cherokee any right to
gold mined in
Dahlonega.
• As a result, the
Cherokee lost homes,
lands, and legal
rights.
Sequoyah “Lonely Lame One”
• Created Syllabary
• A group of symbols
that stand for whole
syllables
• Cherokee were the
first Native Americans
to have their
language in written
form.
Worcester v. Georgia
• Rev. Samuel Worcester refused to sign an
oath which said that a white person could
not live on Cherokee land without taking
an oath to follow Georgia law.
• Trial was set with Supreme Court. Court
ruled that Cherokee Nation was sovereign.
• They had to follow only their own laws and
not laws of state of Georgia. (1832)
• Cherokee celebrated…
John Marshall
• Chief Justice (Judge)
• Ruled in the Worcester
v. Georgia case that
Worcester should be
set free.
• Ruled that Cherokee
were not subject to
Georgia law.
• Andrew Jackson: “John
Marshall has made his
decision; now let him
enforce it.”
John Ross
• Cherokee Chief
• Took a petition to
Congress protesting
the Cherokee removal
from their lands.
• Led to case,
Cherokee Nation vs.
Georgia. (1831)
• Led the Cherokee on
the Trail of Tears.
Andrew Jackson
• Elected President of
U.S. in 1828.
• Signed Indian
Removal Act in 1830
– Called for all Native
Americans to be
moved to the western
territories.
Removal of Creek and Cherokee
• Cherokee
Trail of Tears
• 15,000 or more Cherokee refused to leave
• 7,000 troops arrived to force them to stockades
• Hundreds of Cherokee died from disease while
in stockades.
• Several thousand were crowded onto dirty boats
with bad food, 1/3 died.
• Some escaped into North Carolina Mountains
• The rest took the 700-800 mile walk
– about 4, 000 died
Video Links
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The Thirst for Land
The Story of William McIntosh
Dahlonega Gold Rush
John Ross
Sequoyah
A Visit to New Echota
Trail of Tears