The Skeletal System
The skeletal system is the bony framework that supports the body. It is made up of 206
bones.
Functions of the skeleton

To support the body, keep it upright and give it its shape

To protect organs of the body

Some bones produce blood vessels and store fat

Helps the body to move (locomotion)
1
© caribbeanexams
Joints
Joints are formed where two bones meet. The ends of the bones are covered with a
hard, smooth material called cartilage. This prevents the bones from grating against
each other. There is also a fluid that lubricates the joints so that they are protected
during movement. The two bones at a joint are held together by special tissues called
ligaments.
There are several different types of joints. Some examples are:
a. The hinge joint. This joint allows bones to bend in one direction, like the elbow
joint.
b. The ball-and-socket joint allows circular motion and also movement in many
directions. An example of this is the joint at the shoulder.
c. The pivot joint produces a turning movement, for example the neck joint.
d. Fixed joins are found in the skull. There us no movement at a fixed joint.
e. Partially fixed joints allow little movement, for example where the bones of the
ribs are attached to the spine.
2
© caribbeanexams
Some bones protect internal organs:




The skull protects the brain
Bones of the skull also protects some sense organs.
The spine protects the spinal cord
The rib cage protects the heart, lungs and stomach.
3
© caribbeanexams