FULL SEASON NITROGEN
MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
STEPHANIE SMITH, C.C.A.
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, M.S.
OLIVET COLLEGE, B.A.
HILLSDALE CO. MICHIGAN
[email protected]
TWITTER @GIRL_AGRONOMIST
(260) 222-4376
WWW.360YIELDCENTER.COM
OBSERVED U.S. TRENDS IN HEAVY PRECIPITATION
3rd National Climate Assessment
4
OBSERVED CHANGE IN VERY HEAVY PRECIPITATION
“One of the clearest trends
in the United States
observational record is an
increasing frequency and
intensity of heavy
precipitation events… Over
the last century there was a
50% increase in the
frequency of days with
precipitation over 101.6 mm
(four inches) in the upper
midwestern U.S.; this trend
is statistically significant “
5
WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT FOR CROPS
• Major component of chlorophyll
• Major component of amino acids, structural units in plant cells
and enzymes
• A component of energy-transfer compounds, such as ATP
• A significant component of nucleic acids such as DNA
At any given time, 95 to 99 percent of the potentially available
nitrogen in the soil is in organic forms
HOW N IS MADE/LOST- NITRIFICATION PROCESS
Yield
7
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE PLANT
•
Nitrates must be converted to ammonium in the plant to be utilized. Leaves are
the major site of Nitrate reduction
Nutrient
Range Found
(PPM)
Typical
Solution
concentration
found in fertile
Silt Loam
(PPM)
Total available
in top 8”
lbs/acre
NO3 -
6 - 240
30
160
NH4+
2 - 40
7
40
P
.01 – 3.0
.8
100
K
4 - 40
14
400
Ca
4 - 200
60
6,000
Mg
2.5 - 125
40
1,500
10 – 1,000
26
8
100
S
Liebig’s law of the minimum
Corn Basics
11
WE HAVE ALWAYS DONE IT THAT WAY
THE 7 MOST EXPENSIVE WORDS IN BUSINESS
14
15
HYBRIDS ARE CHANGING
Era of Hybrid
Release
N @ R1
N @ R6
Post
Flowering N
Uptake
Increase in
Post
Flowering N
Uptake
--lbs
N/acre-Old (19401990) #
New (1991 –
2011) #
Old (1970) *
New (2000) *
102
145
43
97
152
55
125
162
37
125
177
52
# Ciampitti and Vyn, 2012
* Haegele et al., 2013
Source: DuPont Pioneer Agronomy Sciences Research Summary Book
Northeast US 2015
28%
40%
18
Alyssa Abbott – Pioneer Agronomist IL
Nitrogen Timing Trials
1.Volatilization
2.Denitrification
3.Leaching
4.Surface displacement
Placement Of Nitrogen is critical
A corn plant
acquires
63% of its N
supply from a
horizontal
radius of <7”
Source:
Hodgen, P.J., Ferguson, R.B., Shanahan, J.F., & Schepers, J.S., (2009). Uptake
of point source depleted 15N fertilizer by neighboring corn plants. Agronomy
Journal, 101, 99-105.
6.1” @
34,000
63% of N uptake
YIELDS AS AFFECTED BY N RATE AND N
PLACEMENT
Anyone remember Trig Class?
35°
15”
10.5”
Stem flow
Placement Matters
31
Placement Matters
Y-DROP VS. CONVENTIONAL METHODS
N. IL
IA
69
47
ND
32
MN
41
S. IN
OH
MI
N. IN
Ont.
18
118
S. IL
178
57
Numbers in green at the
top of each bar
represent the number of
observations in that
group.
Y-Drop provided a 13.8 bu/A yield response in the U.S. and Ontario
35
RATE OF NITROGEN MATTERS
1 pound of nitrogen = 1 bushel of corn
38
Sense
• High C:N Ratio
• Cold Temperatures to Reduce
Mineralization
• Low Soil Moisture to Limit Mass Flow
• Saturated Soil
• Compaction
• Insect Damage
DON’T GUESS
SOIL TEST
Plant Health
>75% of
carbohydrates
42
SENESCENSE INDEX
14000
2008 Continuous Corn
12000
Yield (kg ha-1)
The longer we can maintain green leaf area during the
grain-filling period the higher the yield
10000
8000
6000
4000
SS
Data points
Yield = -101098 + 0.084 * Sum R2 = 0.87
2000
1.26e+6
1.28e+6
1.30e+6
1.32e+6
1.34e+6
1.36e+6
Sum (1-PSRI * Daily PAR)
14000
2009 Continuous Corn
Yield (kg ha-1)
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
Data points
Yield = -152399 + 0.154 * Sum R2 = 0.52
2000
1.02e+6
1.03e+6
1.04e+6
1.05e+6
1.06e+6
Sum (1-PSRI * Daily PAR)
14000
2010 Continuous Corn
Yield (kg ha-1)
12000
10000
8000
6000
Data points
Yield = -83665 + 0.111 * Sum R2 = 0.74
4000
2000
Source: Building Soil HealthDr. Jerry L. Hatfield, Laboratory Director
National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Director, Midwest Climate Hub
2110 University Blvd, Ames, Iowa 50011
7.9e+5
8.0e+5
8.1e+5
8.2e+5
8.3e+5
8.4e+5
8.5e+5
Sum (1-PSRI * Daily PAR)
43
We have always done it that way
45
The 7 most expensive words in business
Regional 360 Yield Center Meetings
Michigan Yield Summit
Lansing Center, Lansing MI
February 23rd, 2016
10 am – 2 pm
https://events.360yieldcenter.com/site/register?l
=michiganyieldsummit
THANK YOU
All trademarks are the property of 360 Yield Center, its affiliates and/or its licensors.
©2015 360 Yield Center. All rights reserved.