Science in Motion
Discovery Journal
Acknowledgements
This Science in Motion Discovery Journal features activities developed by the WorldStrides staff in surveying the best available
physics curricula offered by educational and scientific organizations throughout the nation. We wish to acknowledge the many
individuals who assisted us with this effort.
Special thanks to the Course Leader team for their guidance, encouragement, and use of program materials. They have provided
us with enthusiastic support and offers to “test drive” our activity plans. We also wish to acknowledge our many educational
partners in Florida, especially Walt Disney World® Theme Parks, Kennedy Space Center, Gatorland®, Egmont Key, SeaWorld®
Orlando, and Dana Lawson.
In case of emergency
If you have lost contact with your group or need assistance for a medical condition, injury, or any other emergency, please
call a staff member immediately at the toll-free number listed below.
In Florida call 1-800-999-4542
This number should be used for emergencies only. When you call, please be prepared to give your name, the number you are
calling from, your location, your group name or teacher’s name, and the reason for the call. The person you speak with will
give you further instructions.
©WorldStrides 01/09 333152
Future World.................................................................................................. Inventor’s Circle............................................................................................. Nobel Prize.................................................................................................... The Land Pavilion.......................................................................................... Universe of Energy Pavilion........................................................................... Water Conservation....................................................................................... Nutrition........................................................................................................ Mission: SPACE® Pavilion................................................................................ Imagination! Pavilion.................................................................................... World Showcase................................................................................................ Mexico Pavilion . ........................................................................................... Norway Pavilion............................................................................................ France Pavilion.............................................................................................. China Pavilion................................................................................................ Germany Pavilion.......................................................................................... Italy Pavilion.................................................................................................. Morocco Pavilion........................................................................................... United Kingdom Pavilion............................................................................... Canada Pavilion............................................................................................. Japan Pavilion............................................................................................... 6
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Table of Contents
Using Your Discovery Journal.................................................. 4
Epcot®................................................................................... 5
Kennedy Space Center............................................................ 29
The Space Program.............................................................................................. Launch Status Room............................................................................................ Kennedy Space Center Quiz.................................................................................. Lunch with an Astronaut..................................................................................... 29
30
31
33
Gatorland®........................................................................... 34
Gators and Crocs.................................................................................................. 34
Endangered Reptiles............................................................................................ 35
Vocabulary........................................................................................................... 36
Lift Off.................................................................................. 37
Atmospheric Layers............................................................................................. 37
Aircrafts............................................................................................................... 38
SpaceSuits in a Vacuum....................................................................................... 39
Barrier Islands....................................................................... 40
Spiny Dogfish....................................................................................................... 43
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Table of Contents
Magic Kingdom® Park............................................................ 46
Newton’s First Law............................................................................................... Physics Principles................................................................................................. Forces and Acceleration....................................................................................... Application of Newton’s Three Laws..................................................................... Energy................................................................................................................. Human Energy..................................................................................................... 46
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Disney’s Animal Kingdom®..................................................... 50
Extinction............................................................................................................ 50
Surviving to Thriving Scavenger Hunt.................................................................. 51
Illegal Trafficking of Exotic Species....................................................................... 53
Disney-MGM Studios.............................................................. 54
Imagine It, Explore It, Create It............................................................................. 54
Making a Public Service Announcement.............................................................. 55
Performing.......................................................................................................... 60
SeaWorld® Orlando................................................................ 61
Marine Mammals................................................................................................. Polar Bears.................................................................................................... Sharks........................................................................................................... Dolphins........................................................................................................ Pinnipeds...................................................................................................... Eels................................................................................................................ Recycling............................................................................................................. 61
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Science in Motion Wrap-up..................................................... 70
Tampa Bingo........................................................................................................ 70
Notes.................................................................................... 71
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Science in Motion
3
Using Your Discovery Journal
44
Using Your Discovery Journal
Keeping a journal is an important part of fieldwork. A scientist uses it to provide a permanent record
of what is going on in the natural world. When you look back at pages from weeks gone by, you will
know what day it was when you saw particular things. If you keep a journal for many years, you will
begin to notice patterns.
A Discovery Journal is like a diary, where you keep all the information you gather in the field.
Here are some questions to think about while you use your Discovery Journal:
•.What kinds of information will you want to record about the site you are visiting?
•.What kinds of information will you need to record about the animals or plants that you observe?
•.What other information will help you make sense of what you observe or help you to find patterns?
Epcot®
Disney’s Epcot®
The name Epcot® is derived from the acronym E.P.C.O.T. (Experimental Prototype Community of
Tomorrow), a utopian city of the future planned by Walt Disney. In Walt Disney’s words,“Epcot® will
take its cue from the new ideas and new technologies that are now emerging from the creative
centers of American industry. It will be a community of tomorrow that will never be completed, but
will always be introducing, testing, and demonstrating new materials and systems. And Epcot® will
always be a showcase to the world for the ingenuity and imagination of American free enterprise.”
Complete the team challenges that appear on the following pages of this book. The challenges
will lead you to different areas of the park where your team must answer clues and questions
about Epcot®’s exhibits.
Your Course Leader will assign each team a group number and order to follow through the
park as your team answers the questions. The first team that completes their questions will be
awarded a prize. Good luck!
5
Epcot®
Future World
Inventor’s Circle
Visit the Inventor’s Circle to explore some of the most influential pioneers in science. Answer the
questions below, then continue to your next challenge.
1.
?
I was born in Massachusetts in 1890 and earned one of the only joint Ph.D. degrees from
Harvard and MIT ever awarded.
I created the company, Raytheon, which is still a prominent company in the
world today.
One of my own Ph.D. students at MIT, where I was a professor in later life, was
Frederick Terman who was instrumental in the genesis of “Silicon Valley.”
It is likely that you have my invention sitting on your desk at home or in
your school library.
WHO AM I?_ _____________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?_ ________________________
_ ______________________________________________________
2.
?
I was born in Ayrshire, Scotland in 1881.
I won a scholarship to attend school in London, eventually graduating from the
Royal College of Surgeons in England, one of the most prestigious medical
training universities in the world today.
I was a medical doctor during World War I, where I saved many lives.
One day, I was working in my lab and accidentally discovered something
huge. My motto has since been, “One sometimes finds what one is not
looking for.”
WHO AM I?_ ____________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?_ ______________________
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_ ______________________________________________________
Epcot®
3.
?
I was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, in 1877.
When I was young, I learned how to play the cornet. I was so talented that I won a
scholarship to the National Conservatory of Music.
Because of my small size, my fellow classmates nicknamed me “Babe.”
I eventually made a key discovery in human genetics.
WHO AM I?_______________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?______________________
___________________________________________________
4.
?
_ ______________________________________________________
I was born in Rome, Italy on September 29, 1901.
During the early years of my career in Rome, I occupied myself with electro-dynamic problems
and theoretical investigations on various spectroscopic phenomena.
However, I am best known for my work in the later part of my career.
Thorough a series of tests and trials, even one conducted on a squash playing
court, I discovered something that would change the world forever.
WHO AM I?_______________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?_ _____________________
____________________________________________________
_ ______________________________________________________
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Epcot®
Inventor’s Circle continued
5.
?
I was born in Belgium in 1822, and I eventually emigrated to nearby France.
If you can define “electroplating,” then you will have a good idea of the invention for
which I am famous.
Think about how you were transported here and you can likely figure out who
I am. I am at the heart of transportation.
WHO AM I?_____________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?_ __________________
_ _______________________________________________
6.
?
_ ______________________________________________________
I was born in 1822 in a region called Silesia, which is now the Czech Republic.
During the early years of my life, I was always fascinated by the garden, where I would
spend my days after school.
As an adult, I committed myself to a monastic life and joined the Abbey of
St. Thomas.
My early love of gardening stayed with me throughout my life and most of
the experiments that I am known for involve my favorite pea plants.
WHO AM I?_ ____________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?______________________
_ ______________________________________________________
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_ ______________________________________________________
Epcot®
7.
?
I was born in London, England, in 1955. My parents were both mathematicians and taught me
to use math everywhere – even the dinner table!
One day, in college, I built a computer using a soldering iron and an old television set.
In professional circles today, many people simply call me “TBL.”
WHO AM I?_______________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?_____________________
_ _______________________________________________
_ _____________________________________________________
8.
?
I was born in 1580 in the Netherlands.
My father was a spectacle-maker and believed that I would follow in his footsteps for my
future career.
My father and I were very close, so much so that some believe my father played a
large part in helping me create my invention.
I am credited for inventing one of the first machines that help us look at
ourselves more closely.
My invention led to many other inventions and is still used (in a more advanced
form) in science classrooms all over the world today.
WHO AM I?_ _______________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?_ __________________________
_ ______________________________________________________
_ ______________________________________________________
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Epcot®
Inventor’s Circle continued
9. I was born in Pisa, the Tuscany region of Italy, in 1564.
My early career accomplishments were mainly in the areas of mathematics, geometry, and
astronomy.
My fascination with astronomy inspired my quest to truly understand the universe
and ultimately led me to my success.
Many disagreed with me, though, and it became a challenge later to defend myself
and my invention later in life.
?
WHO AM I?_ _________________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?___________________________
_ ______________________________________________________
10. I was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland.
My parents were teachers and I developed a love of learning early in life.
To escape political uprising in my own country, I moved to Paris, where I studied and
eventually earned my Ph.D. in Physics.
I became the first female professor of Physics in the Faculty of General Science – an
accomplishment of which I am very proud.
With the help of my husband, I discovered one of the elements on the Periodic Table.
?
WHO AM I?_ _________________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE?_ __________________________
_ ______________________________________________________
Nobel Prize
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1.
What is the Nobel Prize?
2.
Where is it awarded?
3.
What is the significance of the Nobel Prize?
Epcot®
The Land Pavilion
Bioengineering of Food
1. Where does food production come from?
2. What is bioengineered food?
3. What is the difference between compost fertilizer and chemical fertilizer?
4. In a simple way, what is organic food?
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Epcot®
Living with the Land
Experience the Living with the Land boat ride to discover the answers to the following questions.
1. What animals’ homes help create the rich soil of the prairies?
2. Who has the greatest effect on the land? What are some of these effects?
3. What are two beneficial techniques that people use to live with the land?
4. Name two plants that are grown in the greenhouse.
5. What does Epcot® call “fish farming?”
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Epcot®
6. Name the fish that are being farmed in this pavilion.
7. Which animal was once endangered but is no longer endangered thanks to farming?
8. What is hydroponics?
9. Which company is growing crops by recycling oxygen and waste? Why?
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Epcot®
Universe of Energy Pavilion
Fuel Innovation
1. List some of the innovations for new fuel production.
2. How is corn or soybean oil used in alternative fuel production?
Imagination Solution
Provide at least two ways that you can conserve energy in your home or community.
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____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Epcot®
Water Conservation
A person can live up to one week without water. How much do you know about water?
1. How much water is used to flush a toilet?
a) 1-3 gallons
b) 4-7 gallons
c) 8-11 gallons
d) 12-15 gallons
2. How much water is used to brush your teeth?
a) 2 gallons
b) 3 gallons
c) 4 gallons
d) 5 gallons
3. The average household uses how much water in a year?
a) 150,000 gallons b) 75,000 gallons c) 200,000 gallons d) 245,000 gallons
4. On average, how much water is used to hand wash dishes?
a) 20 gallons
b) 5 gallons
c) 30 gallons
d) 10 gallons
5. Of the Earth’s water, how much is suitable for drinking?
a) 40%
b) 20%
c) 1%
d) 8%
6. How much of the Earth’s surface is water?
a) 80%
b) 50%
c) 60%
d) 30%
7. The human body is made up of what percentage water?
a) 30%
b) 90%
c) 70%
d) 50%
8. Which of the following household activities use the most water?
a) lawn watering b) bath
c) shower
d) washing clothes
Nutrition
1.
What did you eat during the day at Epcot®?
2.
What are some ways you can improve your diet?
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Epcot®
After experiencing Universe of Energy, see if you can correctly match up column A with column B.
Column A
_____ Nonrenewable energy sources that come from fossilized
plants and animals and cannot be replenished
Column B
A. Fossil fuels
B. Hydropower
_____ Splitting radioactive uranium atoms to create heat energy
C. Nonrenewable energy
_____ Source of energy that is virtually inexhaustible and is
naturally and quickly replenished
D. Nuclear energy
_____ Energy derived from the sun
E. Primary energy source
_____ Renewable source of energy that uses wind to turn a windmill
F. Renewable energy source
_____ Solar-powered device that is able to cook food
G. Secondary energy source
_____ Renewable source of energy that comes from water and is
harnessed to produce electricity
H. Solar energy
I. Solar oven
_____ Source of energy found or stored in nature
J. Wind energy
_____ Source of energy that is either unable to be replaced naturally
or is naturally replaced very slowly
_____ Source of energy produced from primary energy sources using
technology
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Epcot®
Mission: SPACE® Pavilion
All team members should take their pulse before and after experiencing Mission: SPACE®. In order to do this, count how many
times your pulse beats in a 15-second time period.Then multiply this number by 4. The answer will be your “beats per minute,”
or bpm. Fill your results in the chart below.
Note: The “normal” pulse is 72 bpm for men and 80 bpm for women.
Pulse before riding
Pulse after riding
Team Member One
Team Member Two
Team Member Three
Team Member Four
Team Member Five
Team Member Six
Were the pulses faster, slower, or the same after riding Mission: SPACE®?
Why?
How does living in space affect the heart rate?
Why do you think that high blood pressure might be dangerous for an astronaut?
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Epcot®
Imagination! Pavilion
So you want to be an imagineer?
Walt Disney Imagineering is the world’s premier creator of magical and memorable places: theme parks, resorts, communities,
and venues yet to be invented.
The philosophy of Walt Disney was that “our work will always embody the blending of creative and technological innovation
with the essence of great Disney storytelling. Our culture will always embrace both dreamers and doers; we celebrate our
people for the memories they created in the past and the magic they will create in the future.”
It’s time for your team to design a piece of that magic – the next attraction at Epcot® theme park! Use the following questions
as a guide to help you in creating an entertaining experience for the whole family.
• Who is your audience?
• What is the theme of your venue?
• What materials will you need?
• What special effects will you use?
• Who is your celebrity narrator?
• What type of music is played during your attraction experience?
• What color(s) is your attraction?
Make your design on the next page and bring to your Course Leader for review. Be creative and inventive!
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Epcot®
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Epcot®
World Showcase
Explore many different countries and cultures at Epcot®’s World Showcase. After visiting each
country’s pavilion, answer the questions that follow.
Mexico Pavilion
Have fun exploring Plaza de Los Amigos in the Mexico pavilion. Look around the entire
marketplace, as some items are displayed in more than one location. Read the sentences below
and follow the directions. Fill in the blanks at the bottom of the page, and you will spell out a
traditional Mexican celebration.
1.
There is “una camisa” that costs more than $20.00.
A. If this is True, write D on line 1.
B. If this is False, write E on line 1.
2.
There is “un sombrero” that could fit on a little doll.
A. If this is True, write A on line 2.
B. If this is False, write L on line 2.
3.
There is “una silla“ with white legs.
A. If this is True, write E on line 3.
B. If this is False, write Y on line 3.
4.
There is “un cinturón” made of leather.
A. If this is True, write O on line 4.
B. If this is False, write R on line 4.
5.
There is “una piñata” that looks like Mickey Mouse.
A. If this is True, write E on line 5.
B. If this is False, write F on line 5.
6.
There is “una canasta” that costs more than $5.00.
A. If this is True, write D on line 6.
B. If this is False, write N on line 6.
7.
There are “los flores” for less than $5.00 each.
A. If this is True, write U on line 7.
B. If this is False, write E on line 7.
8.
There is “un bolso” that costs less than $5.00.
A. If this is True, write W on line 8.
B. If this is False, write A on line 8.
9.
There is “una bandera” with an eagle and a snake on it.
A. If this is True, write D on line 9.
B. If this is False, write E on line 9.
__ __ __
1 2 3
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__ __
4 5
T H E
__ __ __ __
6 7 8 9
Epcot®
Norway Pavilion
Begin your Norway adventure by exploring the village. Complete the following challenge and record
your answers in the spaces provided.
Before riding the Maelstrom attraction, find out about these famous Norwegians.
Olaf II
Rognvald
Erik the Red
Oseberg
While riding the Maelstrom attraction, write down four icons that represent Norway.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Epcot®
France Pavilion
France is well-known for its amazing perfumeries. Visit one of the French shops and learn about this
type of art form.
What is the process of making perfumes?
What is the most expensive perfume in the shop?
China Pavilion
The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests is the most famous building in the Temple of Heaven in Beijing,
China. Numbers are symbolic to the Chinese people. Take a walk inside the building to find the
answers to the riddle below.
There are columns along the outer wall,
and larger ones in the center of the hall.
Divide the large number by the one that is the least, then
look for the dragons, north, south, west, and east.
Take the answer you find, add the number of claws, that
you will discover on the emperor’s dragon’s paw!
1.
Number of outer columns: _____________
2.
Number of center columns: _ ___________
3.
Divide item 2 into item 1: _ ____________
4.
Number of claws: _ _________________
5.
Add item 3 and item 4: _______________
This number represents prosperity and good luck in the Chinese culture!
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Epcot®
Germany Pavilion
Match the item to the store where you would find it by drawing a line between them.
1. Cookies
Der Bücherwurm
2. Lunch
Süssigkeiten
3. Books
Die Weihnachts Ecke
4. Hummel figurine
Volkskunst
5. Christmas ornaments
Biergarten
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Epcot®
Italy Pavilion
Ciao! Welcome to Italy. Each year millions of people travel to the Italian peninsula to discover its ancient
cities and art treasures. See if you can discover the answers to the questions below.
Which city is represented by the Italy Showcase? ______________________________
Which palace is represented by the Italy Showcase? ____________________________
What type of stone is plentiful in Italy? _ __________________________________
Italy is well-known for its mosaics, frescoes, stained glass, and sculptures.
What is a mosaic? ________________________________________________
What is a fresco? _________________________________________________
What Italian artist created many famous frescoes? _ ___________________________
Which type of performing art was invented in Italy that tells a story through singing?
_ __________________________________________________________
What is the city of Venice known for? _____________________________________
What Italian city had the first network of roads?_ _____________________________
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Epcot®
Morocco Pavilion
Start in the city of Marrakesh. In the far corner is a tall prayer tower called Koutoubia
__ __ __ __ __ __ __. The prayer caller, or __ __ __ __ __ __ __, stands at the top of the
tower to call everyone to prayer.
Look back across the square to find the Gallery of Art and History. Take a look inside. Using the items on
display, write down the English translation for the words written in Arabic.
Kumya __ __ __ __ __ __
Ghorraf
__ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Qergaba
Qteb __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Metumush
__ __ __ __
Darbuka
Deblij
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Qandil __ __ __
__ __ __ __
Guza
Ghtar
__ __ __ __ __
__ __ __
__ __ __ __ __
Read the boxes going down, then search the city to find that building. What is it?
__________________________________________________________
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Epcot®
United Kingdom Pavilion
Even though English is the official language of both the United Kingdom and the United States,
certain words need to be “translated.” Below is a list of American words and their British counterparts.
Match the words correctly by drawing a line between them.
American English
Vacation
Line
Apartment
Raincoat
French Fries
Potato Chips
Elevator
Sneakers
Diaper
Napkin
Biscuits
Popsicle
British English
Flat
Chips
Mackintosh
Queue
Serviette
Holiday
Lolly
Scones
Crisps
Trainers
Lift
Nappy
Now, as a team, create a story using all the words from the British English column. The most creative
story will earn bonus points!
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Epcot®
Canada Pavilion
Totem poles are used to tell a story and are often built to celebrate special occasions. Draw a totem
pole that you might build if you were a member of a Canadian tribe. Use symbols, animals, and objects
that depict your team’s favorite activities, hobbies, family pets, special times, or personalities of your
team members. After watching the film, you will have a better idea of the diverse people of Canada.
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Epcot®
Japan Pavilion
After solving each riddle, use the circled red letters to fill in the blanks in the puzzle below. Then
unscramble the letters to discover a Japanese greeting!
I house the sun, moon, and stars.
I have many colors.
I can be as bright as day or dark as night.
Here is where the Pagoda stops.
I am at the very top.
WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___
I am invisible, yet you can see me move.
Cranes, Egrets, and other birds can travel upon me.
Man can too.
I can travel over mountains, through trees, and across seas.
I am needed to sail boats that transport the Japanese.
WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___ ___
Water and wind can control me.
I can destroy things and create things.
I can be blue and still very hot.
The Japanese use me to warm them when they are cold.
And to melt down metals, even gold.
WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___ ___
I cover all of the planet.
I am necessary for all living things.
I am a way of life for people in Japan.
They put their boats and nets in me.
I am used for food, travel, and joy.
I also house their favorite koi.
WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
I am billions of years old.
I am home to all living things.
I have crust on the outside and a melted core on the inside.
I provide the Japanese with a place to plant their peaceful gardens
and bonsai trees.
WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
O N
C
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____
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America hopes to arrive on the planet Mars one day. What challenges do we face in this quest and
how do we overcome them?
What is the budget of NASA’s Space Program?
Kennedy Space Center
The Space Program
What technological advancements have also come about through the space program?
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Kennedy Space Center
Launch Status Room
What are the challenges of future development for the space program?
What are the next steps in the space program?
How would you create a different space program?
30
Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center Quiz
1. What historic event took place on October 4, 1957?
a. Neil Armstrong took his first steps on the moon.
b. Sputnik 1, the first man-made object to orbit Earth was launched by Russia.
c. Alan Shepard became the first American launched into outer space.
d. Disney launched a weekly television series called “Man in Space.”
2. Who was the first human to reach outer space?
a. Alan Shepard
b. John F. Kennedy
c. John Glenn
d. Yuri Gagarin
3. Space shuttles land like airplanes. How did America’s first space capsule land?
a. It bounced on a huge trampoline at Cape Canaveral.
b. It landed with a thud in the desert somewhere in New Mexico.
c. It splashed down in the ocean.
d. It didn’t. It is still orbiting the Earth.
4.
How fast must a rocket go to remain in Earth’s orbit?
a. 65 mph
b. 17,500 mph
c. Mach one
d. Speed of light
5. When the Space Shuttle orbiter lands on Earth, there are designated landing places
where they can land. Which is not a designated landing place?
a. Edwards Air Force Base in California
b. Houston Space Center
c. Kennedy Space Center
d. White Sands, New Mexico
6. How do astronauts train for an EVA (extravehicular activity)?
a. Join a circus for six months
b. Scuba dive under water in space suits
c. Take a machine shop class
d. Use guide wires that allow you to float through the air
7. Which of these animals has never been in space?
a. Snail
b. Dog
c. Spider
d. Squirrel
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Kennedy Space Center
8. How can astronauts experience weightlessness on Earth for 30 seconds?
a. Ride Space Mountain at the Magic Kingdom® Park
b. Close their eyes and spin 25 times
c. Fly in parabolic curves in a modified jet airplane
d. Jump off a very tall building
9. Astronauts on the Mercury Program, the first American program designed to take man to the moon, could not be
taller than 5’11”.
a. True
b. False
10. Three men were in the crew of Apollo 11, the first mission to land on the moon. Only two men landed. Who was
left to orbit the moon in the command module?
a. Neil Armstrong
b. Michael Collins
c. Buzz Aldrin
11. The Russians picked Valentina Tereshkova to be the first woman in space because of her hobby. What was her
hobby?
a. Deep sea diving
b. Piloting a jet
c. Parachute jumping
12. An orbiter is extremely difficult to land. It is often referred to as a flying brick. Since it lands like a glider and has
no engines to take off and try again, it requires tremendous skill and training to land. How many times must a
shuttle pilot practice landing the orbiter in a simulator before being allowed to actually land?
a. A dozen times
b. Until the pilot gets it right
c. One thousand times
13. One outcome of our space exploration, in addition to the knowledge we have gained about our universe, is “spinoffs.” These are products that have been developed through experiments and adapted for use on Earth. Which
one is not a spin-off from space?
a. Rubber bands
b. Scratch-proof sunglasses
c. Air cushioned athletic shoes
d. Lightweight wires on orthodontic braces
e. Velcro
14. Which of the names below was not the name of a Space Shuttle orbiter?
a. Atlantis
b. Endeavor
c. Discovery
d. Saturn
e. Columbia
f. Challenger
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Kennedy Space Center
Lunch with an Astronaut
Here are some sample questions to ask the astronaut!
What is it like to fly on a space flight?
How fast do you travel when launched?
What is the difference between a life science mission and a
materials science mission?
What research project did you work on in space?
How long were you in space?
What is a closed loop system?
What happens to the human body in space?
What are the dangers of the job?
What happens when the space shuttle is landing?
What is the difference between orbit field and plasma field?
Do you need to be able to speak another language besides
English in order to become an astronaut?
Are people ever going to be able to live in the International
Space Station (ISS) for more than three months?
What is the re-supply vehicle?
What is astro-genetics?
Does medicine in space have side effects?
How does someone become an astronaut?
Has space exploration discovered extra-terrestrial life?
What is the Hubble space satellite?
33
Gatorland®
Gators and Crocs
In what ways are alligators and crocodiles similar?
How are they different?
How do alligators and crocodiles use their watery environment to hunt for their prey?
How do crocodilians regulate their body temperature?
If all the crocodiles suddenly died in a particular area, how might this affect the ecosystem? What
problems might this raise for the nearby human population?
34
Gatorland®
Endangered Reptiles
What do the blue racer snake, the monito gecko, and the blunt-nosed leopard lizard
have in common (besides cool animal names)? They are all endangered reptiles.
The American alligator was once endangered, too. Scientists estimate that between
1870 and 1970 about 10 million American alligators were killed for their meat, skin, and
for sport. In an effort to save this species from extinction, the U.S. government passed
a law making it illegal to kill these reptiles. In just 20 years, the American alligator
rebounded.Today, there are millions of these creatures in the southern states, such as
Florida.
If the American alligator can return from the brink of extinction, then perhaps other
endangered reptiles can be helped as well.
During your visit to Gatorland today, your mission is to select a snake, lizard,
turtle, crocodile, or alligator that is endangered. You must then research it and propose some ways that it might be saved.
The reptile you selected:_ _____________________________________________________________________
Scientific name: ___________________________________________________________________________
How do you know that it is endangered? (List specific sources in which you found this information.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Habitat: ________________________________________________________________________________
Diet: __________________________________________________________________________________
Predators: _ _____________________________________________________________________________
Some reasons that it is endangered: _______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What steps might be taken to help increase the population of this endangered reptile?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What could be some consequences if this endangered reptile became extinct?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
35
Gatorland®
What is the difference
between an alligator and a
crocodile?
· Alligators have a rounded snout while crocodiles
have a triangular snout.
· In alligators, the fourth lower tooth fits into a
socket in the upper jaw. In crocodiles, this tooth can
be seen when the mouth is closed.
· Alligators can tolerate colder weather than
crocodiles can.
Vocabulary
caiman crèche: a gathering of young crocodilians in a river that appears, to other animals, to be one larger predator
crocodilian: describes the group of reptiles that includes alligators and crocodiles
binocular vision: involving both eyes at the same time; having two eyes arranged to produce vision that can estimate the
distance of an object
food chain: a transfer of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem; a system of predator and prey in which each
animal eats the next “lower” on the food chain
healthy genetic stock: a population of animals with diverse DNA
predator: an animal that kills other animals for food
state of torpor: a state of inactivity that helps an animal conserve energy when it lowers its metabolic rate
36
Lift Off
Atmospheric Layers
1. Label the five different layers of the atmosphere below.
~500 km
Satellites
~85 km
~50 km
Meteors
Weather Balloon
~12 km
Mt. Everest
0 km (Sea level)
37
Lift Off
Rocket Questions
1. Explain Bernoulli’s principle and name several organisms that use this mechanism to generate lift.
2. Who were the first people to fly a controlled, heavier-than-air craft?
3. How does the flight of a helicopter differ from that of a plane?
4. Describe how sound is transmitted through air on radio waves. Are radio waves the same as light waves? Explain.
5. What is sonic boom and how is it created?
6. How does a rocket escape Earth’s gravity?
7. What makes one rocket perform better than another (hint – think of things that
affect its weight)?
8. How many fins does a rocket need to be stabilized? Are fins necessary in space?
9. What happens if you move the fins closer to the nose of the rocket?
38
Lift Off
Spacesuits in a Vacuum
1. Describe a “space” vacuum.
2. Why do astronauts need to wear spacesuits? Briefly explain how spacesuits work.
3. Draw and label the four main parts of a comet below (nucleus, coma, dust tail, and ion tail). Be sure to indicate the
location of the sun relative to your comet.
4. Explain the difference between short and long-period comets. Do they originate from the same place?
5. What causes the tail of the comet to form?
6. Explain what each ingredient you used to create your comet represents in a real comet.
7. What is celestial navigation? Why is it easier to use in the Northern Hemisphere (versus the Southern Hemisphere)?
8. How many constellations are there in the night sky? What is an asterism?
39
Barrier Islands
Barrier islands surround about two thirds of
Florida’s coast. What are barrier islands?
Barrier islands are typically broken into four
zones. From the ocean inward, they are: beach, dune, barrier flat, and salt marsh.
In the following chart, list at least one plant and one animal that may be found in each of the four zones.
Zone
Plants
Animals
Beach
Dune
Barrier flat
Salt marsh
40
Barrier Islands
What factors did you see affect the plant life throughout the zones?
Describe native and exotic species with examples you learned while visiting a barrier island. What
are the risks associated with exotic species?
Explain fire ecology, including its role and importance in Florida.
What are mangrove trees and why are they important?
41
Barrier Islands
What is a keystone species? Give an example.
As you explore the island, fill out the following chart listing key plant and animal species that your Course Leader discusses.
Following each species, list whether it is native or exotic and an interesting fact.
Species
42
Native or Exotic
Interesting Fact
Barrier Islands
Spiny Dogfish
Complete the following food chain.
Sharks
The spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, is one of the most abundant sharks in the world. It is in a group of fish
(Chondrichthyans) that are made up of cartilage instead of bone. Spiny dogfish are sometimes collected accidentally and
called bycatch. Because they are abundant, they are great for physiology education.
A great way to study the health of an ecosystem is to study the top predators. If the top of the food chain is healthy, it is highly
likely that the entire food chain is healthy. By studying spiny dogfish, you can identify the health of its habitat and learn about
this organism’s unique adaptations for dealing with life in the water.
During the spiny dogfish dissection, completely label the following diagram.
External features of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
(Miller and Lea 1972).
43
Barrier Islands
Spiny Dogfish continued
Ventral view of the internal anatomy of the spiny dogfish
(Squalus acanthias) (Wischnitzer 1972).
44
Barrier Islands
Spiny Dogfish continued
1. Describe the primary senses that sharks use to detect their prey.
2. What adaptations allow sharks to remain neutrally buoyant in the water column?
3. Describe several adaptations sharks have evolved in their digestive tracts.
4. What is “form fits function?” Explain using examples from the dissection.
5. Like all members of its family, the spiny dogfish is ovoviviparous. What does this mean?
45
Magic Kingdom® Park
Newton’s First Law
Unscramble each physics term. Then use the numbered letters to solve the second puzzle, another
name for the first of Newton’s three laws of motion.
AIVRYTG
EINKTCI REGENY
RNTEAII
TFRIICON
LCIEAROATENC
RIENTTCPALE CFERO
LCIYETVO
EMMUTONM
PITTALOEN GNYREE
OSTP HEHGTI
G-SECRFO
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
5
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
13 9
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
11
14
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
6
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
4
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
8
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
10
12
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
3
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2
__ _-_ __ __ __ __ __ __
7
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _W_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1 2 3
4 5
6
7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Magic Kingdom® Park
Physics Principles
Weightlessness
According to Einstein’s Principle of Equivalence, an observer cannot tell the difference between the absence
of gravitational forces and being in a state of free fall. Both observers would experience “weightlessness.”
If the force of gravity acts on an object, it is in a
state of free fall. Diving off a high dive, or bungee
cord jumping produces this sensation. When an
upside down cup of water is dropped, the water
will not fall out. The water appears weightless
because it is falling just like the cup.
After a football is kicked, it is in a state of free fall. It follows
the path called a parabola. NASA trains astronauts to deal
with weightlessness by putting them in a plane that
flies in a parabolic path. A roller coaster can also achieve
“weightlessness” if the track follows a parabolic path like a
camelback hump. A steep coaster hill, which has the shape of a
half parabola, also produces a near-weightless sensation.
Forces and Acceleration
Acceleration is a change in speed or a change in direction that is produced by a force. Newton’s
Laws of Motion describe the relationship between acceleration and forces.
Newton’s First Law
Objects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Example: A table cloth can be pulled out from beneath a set of dishes, if it is pulled quickly.This is because
the dishes have what is called inertia, or a tendency to remain at rest. A bowling ball on the other hand, once
set in motion will continue in a straight line forever, unless it hits the pins, or friction eventually supplies the
force to slow it down.
Newton’s Second Law
Every acceleration, or change in speed or direction, requires a force. The greater the acceleration, the
greater the required force.
Example: If two objects undergo the same acceleration, the more massive of the two will require a
greater force. When we say that something is a force of 3 g’s, this means that the force is three times the
force of the normal weight.
Newton’s Third Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: If two people are engaged in a tug of war and the rope pulls the same on each end, but in
opposite directions, the loser is the one with the poorest footing or least force.
47
Magic Kingdom® Park
48
Magic Kingdom® Park
Application of Newton’s Three Laws
On a roller coaster, it is the acceleration that produces the thrills. Accelerations can be either changes in speed or changes
in direction. While experiencing accelerations, passengers feel heavy or light, feel pushed back into their seats or thrown
forward, or feel like they are thrown to the left or to the right.
A force is required to make a coaster slow down. If the change in speed occurs quickly, the seat of the coaster car can’t
produce enough force and the passengers feel as if they are thrown forward. Actually the coaster car stopped and they
didn’t stop. These forces are generally less than 1 g.
If the horizontal speed is increased, the back of the seats must push the passengers. They, in turn, feel pushed back into their
seats. This sensation occurs especially for passengers in the last coaster car at the top of the hills.
Sometimes several kinds of acceleration are occurring at the same time. On the first drop, the coaster cars are dropping, but
are at the same time turning a very tight corner at a high speed. As a result, the passengers feel heavy, even though they
are dropping.
Energy
Roller coaster cars do not have a motor. A heavy-duty motor attached to a chain pulls them up the first hill. At the top of the
first hill, the roller coaster cars have what is called gravitational potential energy (GPE). It is computed with an equation:
mgh (the displacement over which the work done equals the height of the lift). They have the greatest GPE when they are
at the highest point. After the center of mass passes over the top of the hill, the coaster cars begin to speed up. They begin
to lose their GPE as gravity pulls them down the hill and they gain kinetic energy (KE) or energy of motion (KE = ½ mv²).
The total amount of energy remains the same. As they go up the next hill, they slow down and lose kinetic energy while
gaining gravitational potential energy.
Human Energy
1. What is human energy?
2. Why is it important to use the food pyramid when selecting food choices?
49
Disney’s Animal Kingdom® Theme Park
50
Extinction
Scientists strongly believe that today’s
rate of extinction is much higher than
the natural rate – about 1,000 times
higher than it was before humans
appeared on Earth. The primary force
driving current extinctions is habitat
destruction, whether through pollution,
climate change, or development
for human land use. Hunting, the
introduction of non-native species,
and the spread of disease also pose
significant risks to the planet’s biological
heritage.
In response to the extinction epidemic, conservationists began identifying animal and plant species
that are “endangered,” and then grouping them according to the severity of threats to their survival.
Internationally, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List is the most widely-accepted standard
for classifying threatened species and monitoring their progress. It uses the following categories.
Status
Definition
Examples
EXTINCT
Last remaining individual of
the species has died
Dinosaurs, dodo bird,
passenger pigeon, Barbary
lion, Bali tiger
EXTINCT IN THE
WILD
Only survives in captivity,
reintroduced populations,
or outside its native habitat
Przewalski’s horse, Sahara
oryx, black-footed ferret,
Mexican gray wolf
CRITICALLY
ENDANGERED
Faces an extremely high risk
of extinction in the wild
Red wolf, golden lemur,
black rhinoceros, angle
shark, California condor
ENDANGERED
Faces a very high risk of
extinction in the wild
Giant panda, orangutan,
Grevy’s zebra, gorilla, blue
whale, brown kiwi
VULNERABLE
Faces a high risk of
extinction in the wild
African lion, wolverine,
hippopotamus, polar bear,
American crocodile
NEAR THREATENED
Does not face a high risk of
extinction, but is likely to
be threatened in the near
future
Black-tailed prairie dog,
cougar, striped hyena, giant
anteater, jaguar
LEAST CONCERN
Species is thriving,
widespread, and abundant
Gray seal, naked mole-rat,
American beaver, giraffe,
bald eagle
Disney’s Animal Kingdom®
Theme Park
Surviving to Thriving Scavenger Hunt
It’s time for your group to take action. As zookeepers at Disney’s Animal Kingdom®, you have the chance to
save a species that is extinct in the wild. Some of the only surviving members of the species live in the park,
and you are in charge of breeding a new population, reintroducing it to the wild, and ensuring that it can
survive on its own and eventually move off the Red List.
How will you do this? Start at your extinct animal’s exhibit and take an excursion through the park. Using
the clues below, search for the five animals listed on the back of your group’s species card. For each animal
you correctly identify, your species will move up through the Red List – from Extinct in the Wild to Least
Concern, where your species is once again thriving in its native habitat.
WHO AM I?
1. At the park, I live on the Oasis, which showcases animals from all over the world. In reality, I live
in the central areas of Central and South America. I am a very solitary animal and I like to eat up to
30,000 insects a day! My tongue is at least two feet long. The IUCN says I am a vulnerable species,
but my population is growing more than it is shrinking. WHO AM I?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2. I live on the Discovery Island® Trails, near the Tree of Life. Unlike other animals, I live for a very
long time. Although my name would suggest I can be found in only one location, that isn’t so. I
can be found on many of the islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. I was once on
the endangered list, but now I have moved up the list to vulnerable due to successful breeding
programs. The IUCN lists me as vulnerable. WHO AM I?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
3. Come visit me on the Kilimanjaro Safaris®. I am native to the eastern and central regions of Africa.
I do have a reputation of being aggressive, but that is mostly due to my large and cumbersome
size. I mainly eat plants and I get along with my fellow species. I like to live by myself, only getting
together with my family members when necessary. I am now critically endangered because I am
hunted for specific body parts. Most of my fellow subspecies are now officially extinct. WHO AM I?
____ ____ ____ ___ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
51
Disney’s Animal Kingdom®
Theme Park
4. You’ll find us at the Pangani Forest Exploration Trail® exhibit. We are the largest of the living primates, and we are
ground-dwelling herbivores that inhabit the forests of Africa. In the wild, we live with each other closely. We are unique, like
humans, in that we each have our own fingerprints. The males in our group are very protective of the females and just don’t
seem to understand that our species is endangered – that means a high risk of extinction. WHO ARE WE?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
5. You’ll see my cousin as you enter the Maharajah Jungle Trek®. He lives throughout most of Asia, but he doesn’t live in
India. He is the largest of his species and is easily identified by the markings that extend from his shoulders. What’s really
funny is that he has four toes on his front feet and three toes on his back feet. The IUCN lists him as endangered, but in some
countries, his species appears to be growing. WHO IS HE?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
6. You will need to take the Wildlife Express Train in order to find me at Rafiki’s Planet Watch®, formerly Conservation
Station® in the park. Once there, you will want to find me. Currently, I am only found in Colombia, South America. Most often,
our female species gives birth to sets of twins! And, in Germany, I am referred to as the “Liszt Monkey” because they say I
resemble the famous composer Franz Liszt. The IUCN says I am endangered. WHO AM I? (This is a BONUS question)
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
52
Disney’s Animal Kingdom®
Theme Park
Illegal Trafficking of Exotic Species
1. What are some examples of exotic animal species?
2. What is the impact of an invasive species in a habitat and what are some ways to prevent this invasive spread?
53
Imagine It, Explore It, Create It
Disney-MGM Studios
Write the number of the correct definition in the box next to the vocabulary word.
54
A. Artist
1. Person responsible for preparation of sketches and designs for a
production, as well as for correct construction and dressing of the sets
B. Backdrop
2. Performers, stunt people, actors, and actresses. People who perform in
front of a camera
C. Location
3. A numbered section of a script intended to be shot in one set-up
D. Atmosphere
4. All scenes shot inside of a building
E. Art Director
5. All scenes shot outside of a building
F. Dressed Set
6. A set ready for filming or a “hot set”
G. Exterior
7. A large panel painted with an expansive scene used to simulate an
actual location
H. Façade
8. Soundproof, air-conditioned building in which shooting is done
I. Interior
9. The taking apart of a set after shooting is completed
J. Props
10. “Trick photography” which requires the use of models, split screens,
multiple images, etc.
K. Scenes
11. The moveable items used in a scene or set (i.e.: chairs, phones, dishes,
etc.)
L. Sound Stage
12. A term denoting any action, person(s), setting, etc., appearing in the
background of a shot
M. Special Effects 13. A French word meaning “front part;” Only the front of buildings, stores,
houses, and towns
N. Strike a set
14. The place, away from the studio lot, where a company is shooting
Disney-MGM Studios
Making a Public Service Announcement
Introduction
A healthy environment is in everyone’s best interest. It is also everyone’s responsibility. It is
threatened when people in less developed countries struggle to meet their basic needs and
improve their quality of life by damaging the Earth and its resources. It is also threatened when
people in highly developed countries place enormous strains on the Earth’s resources in order
to maintain their high standards of living and levels of consumption. Earth is home to us all;
therefore, we must all work together to ensure that future generations will be able to meet their
basic human needs.
In this learning activity, you will work in groups to develop an action plan for responsible global
citizenship. Reflecting on concepts introduced in earlier lessons, you will discover our need to act
– as individuals, as a country, and as a global community.
Your team must create a Public Service Announcement (PSA) using the resources of the park.
Before you begin, complete the chart below.
Team Member 1
Team Member 2
Team Member 3
Team Member 4
How old are you?
What issue is
most important
to you?
Why does this
issue exist in our
country?
Why do other
people need to
know about this
issue?
55
Disney-MGM Studios
Sustainable Action for the Global Environment
How do we...
How do we respond as...
Individuals
A country
A global community
56
Correct what we have done
to the environment?
Meet human needs
in environmentally
sustainable ways?
Disney-MGM Studios
Making a Public Service Announcement continued
Your next task is to narrow your ideas to one from which you will eventually create a PSA. Some of the ideas listed below
may help get you started.
Pet care
Adopt-a-pet
Exercising
Nutrition
Seat belt law
Car safety
Littering
Cell phones
Peer pressure
Dangerous driving
Missing pet
Helmet safety
Be a mentor
Fire safety
Crossing streets
Volunteering
Water conservation
Carpooling
Energy conservation
Animal abuse
Our team topic for our PSA is:
________________________________________________________________________
The task of each group is to create a PSA. The purpose is to:
a) inform the public about one specific issue; and
b) propose specific actions that can be taken in response to the issue
Storyboards are a series of quick sketches used by directors and production designers to depict a sequence of visual
events. In the case of a video, it tells the cameraperson how to set up each shot. It also tells the editor how the scene will
“cut” together and the special effects team exactly where their work will be required.
Storyboards determine exactly where each figure will be placed, what the set or ride should look like, and any special
effects that might be needed. Point of View (POV) is one of the most important concepts to understand when making
storyboards. In movies, POV indicates what the camera will “see.” POV becomes the audiences’ eyes.
Choosing the POV carefully can have a big impact on the way a scene works. A high POV (looking down on a scene) has a
very different emotional feel than a low POV (where everything is over your head).
To create storyboards for a sequence, first “break down” the scene. You’ll need one sketch for every different scene.
Next, each scene gets broken down, so each major action in the scene gets its own storyboard.
Once the entire sequence has been laid out, ask yourself,“If I showed this storyboard to someone who was unfamiliar
with the story I am telling, would they understand the story just by looking at the storyboards?” You have created a great
storyboard when the answer is “yes!”
57
Disney-MGM Studios
Storyboard
Title____________________________
58
Scene _____________________________ ________________________________
________________________________
Scene _____________________________ ________________________________
________________________________
Scene _____________________________ ________________________________
________________________________
Scene _____________________________ ________________________________
________________________________
Scene _____________________________ ________________________________
________________________________
Scene _____________________________ ________________________________
________________________________
Disney-MGM Studios
Making a Public Service Announcement continued
The Narration
Write a narration that informs people about your issue and sends them a worthwhile message.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
59
Disney-MGM Studios
Performing
Using a digital camera, video camera, or simply your acting skills, share your
message with an audience.
Write down what each team produced and the effectiveness of their message.
Team One
Team Two
Team Three
What was
their public
service message
campaign?
Why was
their message
effective?
What did the
public learn
through their
campaign?
60
Team Four
Team Five
Polar Bears
1. Polar Bears are a very unique marine mammal. Name and describe three adaptations that allow
them to cope with their environment.
2. Why do you think Polar Bears have been added to SeaWorld®’s marine animal collection?
SeaWorld® Orlando
Marine Mammals
3. The Polar Bear is not yet considered endangered. What worldwide issues could change this status?
61
SeaWorld® Orlando
Polar Bears continued
4. What unique features have been incorporated into the Polar Bear exhibit to help change the bears’ environment?
5. Why is the Polar Bear exhibit important to the international breeding program of zoo bears?
6. If you had the opportunity to supply the bears with environment enrichment, what would you do?
7. Name two facts that you learned today about polar bears.
62
SeaWorld® Orlando
Sharks
Sharks are a type of fish that have a skeleton
made of cartilage. There are over 360 species of
sharks, most of which are small and harmless.
Very few are regarded as dangerous to humans.
Sharks control buoyancy by one of two main
methods. Swimming sharks will have large livers
full of oil and some will gulp air, filling their
stomachs with air to help their buoyancy. Sharks
are characterized by:
Gill slits - Sharks normally have five to seven pairs of external gill slits. These replace the protective gill cover found on
most bony fishes.
Teeth - Each shark species has a distinct tooth shape to suit its diet. Teeth may be needle-like teeth, serrated cutting teeth,
or plate-like crushing teeth.
Fins - Sharks have distinct fins, including a prominent anterior dorsal fin.
Denticles - Sharks do not have true scales but skin covered by denticles, which are teeth-like projections. Male sharks have
a pair of claspers, which is used to transfer sperm to the female during mating.
First dorsal fin
Second dorsal fin
Lateral Line
Eye
Nostrils
Caudal fin
Mouth
Gill slits
Anal fin
Pectoral fin
Claspers
Pelvic fin
63
SeaWorld® Orlando
Sharks continued
Listen to the music in the shark exhibit. Compare this with the polar bear exhibit. What impact does this have on the
audience?
Choose a shark species from the park, for example, the Blacktip Reef Shark. Each shark has a number of obvious
characteristics. Observe the shark closely and describe the benefit of each of the characteristics described below.
Teeth
Body Shape
Shape of Caudal Fin
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SeaWorld® Orlando
What are some of the major problems affecting wild shark populations?
Suggest a strategy to reduce the slaughter of sharks throughout the world.
65
SeaWorld® Orlando
Dolphins
The Bottlenose Dolphin is found in nearly all waters of the world and is probably the one that most people are familiar
with. Like other marine mammals, the Bottlenose Dolphin is streamlined for greater efficiency in the water. Its body
color is usually various shades of gray with the darker grays on the upper part of their body fading to a creamy white
or sometimes pinkish color on the underbelly.
The dolphin’s body parts have adapted to life in the marine environment. These include:
Rostrum – The ‘beak’ at the front of the head, is 7-8 cm in length with the lower jaw slightly longer than the upper,
holds from 72 to 148 cone-shaped teeth in each jaw.
Eyes – Located on either side of the head, just above and behind the mouth, glands secrete an oily substance to help
lubricate and protect the eye.
Ears – Almost impossible to detect unless you are quite close to the animal, these are seen as pin pricks/creases
approximately 2½ cm behind the eye.
Pectoral fins – Medium sized fins that are curved on the rear edge and pointed at the tip, they are deeply notched
and enable a great deal of movement. Like other marine mammals, they have a skeletal structure that is similar to that
of a human hand and forearm.
Dorsal fin – Midway between the head and the tail on the upper part of the body, it curves backward, and is
designed to help stabilize the animal.
Tail stock and flukes – These are similar to other dolphin species.
66
SeaWorld® Orlando
Dolphins continued
Observe a dolphin swimming. Briefly explain how a dolphin breathes.
The Bottlenose Dolphin is a member of which whale family?
Bottlenose Dolphins will normally cruise between 7-15 mph. However, they are seen cruising at approximately 60 mph
when riding the bow wave of a boat. How is the swimming action of a dolphin different from that of a fish?
What does the dolphin calf (or baby dolphin) feed on during its first year?
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SeaWorld® Orlando
Pinnipeds
SeaWorld® has both eared seals and true seals. List five physical features
that can be used to identify the two animals.
Observe the different swimming actions of the eared seal and the true seal, then draw a diagram of both showing the body
parts that assist locomotion and the direction of movement.
Eels
Describe the “breathing” action of a Moray eel.
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SeaWorld® Orlando
Recycling
List five ways that theme parks use recycling.
List five more things that theme parks should do to recycle.
What are some ways that you recycle at home?
69
Science in Motion Wrap-up
Tampa Bingo
FREE
SPACE
Lake with dock
Metal bridge
Giant Mickey
Motorcycle
Horse
Osprey nest
Golf course
Spanish moss
Holiday Inn
Cypress tree
Sabal palm
Green Volkswagen
Chain link fence
Fire truck
Lakeland exit sign
CITCO gas station
Airplane
Construction crew
Mobile home park
Armadillo
Alligator
Orange grove
University of South Florida
Turtle
White limousine
Sinkhole
Longleaf pine
Tampa Bingo courtesy of Rich Aufort
70
Notes
71
Notes
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