AQA Level 1/2 Certificate
HISTORY
Unit 1
20th Century Depth Studies
Monday 6 June 2016
Morning
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
 an AQA 12-page answer book.
Instructions

Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 8045/1.
Choose three topics – one from Section A, one from Section B and one from Section C.
 You may not choose more than two of the following three topics:
The Roaring Twenties: USA, 1919–1929
Depression and the New Deal: USA, 1929–1941
Race Relations in the USA, 1945–1968
Answer all questions on each of your chosen topics.
 Do all rough work in the answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Information

The topics are on the following pages:
Section A
Section B
Section C
Topic 1
Topic 2
Topic 3
Topic 4
Topic 5
Topic 6
Topic 7
Topic 8
Topic 9
From Tsardom to Communism: Russia, 1914–1924
Weimar Germany, 1919–1929
The Roaring Twenties: USA, 1919–1929
Stalin’s Dictatorship: USSR, 1924–1941
Hitler’s Germany, 1929–1941
Depression and the New Deal: USA, 1929–1941
Race Relations in the USA, 1945–1968
The Vietnam War, 1954–1975
The Middle East, 1956–1979
Page 2–3
Page 4–5
Page 6–7
Page 8–9
Page 10–11
Page 12–13
Page 14–15
Page 16–17
Page 18–19

The maximum mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
All questions should be answered in continuous prose. Quality of Written Communication will be
assessed in the 10 mark questions in each topic.

Advice

You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each of your chosen topics.
HB/211484/Jun16/E4
8045/1
2
Section A
Choose one topic from this section.
Topic 1:
From Tsardom to Communism: Russia, 1914–1924
Answer questions 0
Source A
1 , 0
2 , 0
3 and 0
4 .
From the Russian newspaper ‘Izvestiya’ commenting on the Bolshevik seizure of
power in November 1917. ‘Izvestiya’ printed the opinions of non-Bolshevik political
groups.
This is not giving power to the workers but a grabbing of power by the Bolsheviks.
All the other socialist and democratic parties are protesting against it.
Source B
HB/Jun16/8045/1
A Soviet painting from the 1930s showing the storming of the Winter Palace during the
Bolshevik takeover of power in October/November 1917.
3
0
1 What was the Provisional Government in Russia in March 1917?
[3 marks]
0
2 Source A opposes the Bolshevik seizure of power in October/November 1917.
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
0
3 What can you learn about the Bolshevik takeover of power in October/November 1917
from Source B?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
0
4 ‘The influence of Rasputin was the main reason for opposition to Tsar Nicholas II.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
If you have answered the questions on Topic 1,
turn to page 8 for Section B.
Turn over
HB/Jun16/8045/1
U
4
Topic 2:
Weimar Germany 1919–1929
Answer questions 0
Source C
5 , 0
6 , 0
7 and 0
8 .
Adapted from the official Allied response to German objections about the terms of the
proposed peace treaty, 1919.
Justice is what the German delegation said they were promised and justice is what
Germany will receive. But there must also be justice for the dead, wounded and
orphaned as a result of Germany’s actions. There must be justice for the people
whose homes, property and ships were destroyed by German aggression.
Source D
HB/Jun16/8045/1
A German cartoon published in 1923. The woman represents the French army.
The words at the bottom say ‘hands off the Ruhr’.
5
0
5 What was the Kapp Putsch?
[3 marks]
0
6 Source C supports the proposed Versailles Peace Treaty.
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
0
7 What can you learn about the occupation of the Ruhr in January 1923 from
Source D?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
0
8 ‘His foreign policy was the most important way in which Stresemann helped Germany
to recover after 1924.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
If you have answered the questions on Topic 2,
turn to page 8 for Section B.
Turn over
HB/Jun16/8045/1
U
6
Topic 3:
The Roaring Twenties: USA, 1919–1929
Answer questions 0
Source E
9 , 1
0 , 1
1 and 1
2 .
From a letter by a flapper to the ‘New York Times’ newspaper in 1922.
A flapper girl will never knit you a sweater but she’ll drive you in her own sports car.
She’ll put on trousers and go skiing with you, or if it happens to be summer time she
will go swimming with you. She’ll dance as long as you want to.
Source F
An American newspaper cartoon from the 1920s commenting on immigration to
the USA.
THE ONLY WAY TO HANDLE IT
HB/Jun16/8045/1
7
0
9 Who was Henry Ford?
[3 marks]
1
0 Source E supports Flappers.
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
1
1 What can you learn about immigration to the USA in the 1920s from Source F?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
1
2 ‘Prohibition did more harm than good in the USA in the 1920s.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
If you have answered the questions on Topic 3,
turn to page 8 for Section B.
Turn over
HB/Jun16/8045/1
U
8
Section B
Choose one topic from this section.
Topic 4:
Stalin’s Dictatorship: USSR, 1924–1941
Answer questions 1
Source G
3 , 1
4 , 1
5 and 1
6 .
A view of Stalin written by an American author and communist.
Joseph Stalin was a great man; few other men of the 20th century had his qualities.
He was simple, calm and courageous. He made his decisions clearly and firmly.
He was the son of a peasant but stood calmly before the great without hesitation or
nerves. Despite his greatness he understood ordinary Russians and their problems.
Source H
HB/Jun16/8045/1
A Soviet poster from the 1930s.
The caption reads, ‘Five year plan in four years. We will complete!’
9
1
1
3 What was collectivisation?
4 Source G supports Stalin.
[3 marks]
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
1
5 What can you learn about the Five Year Plans from Source H?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
1
6 ‘Show Trials were the most important way in which Stalin strengthened his position in
the 1930s.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
If you have answered the questions on Topic 4,
turn to page 14 for Section C.
Turn over
HB/Jun16/8045/1
U
10
Topic 5:
Hitler’s Germany, 1929–1941
Answer questions 1
7 , 1
8 , 1
9 and 2
0 .
Source JA statement to the German people by Heinrich Himmler, a leading Nazi.
All Germans can be happy and thankful that once in a thousand years fate has given
us such a genius, such a leader, as our Führer Adolf Hitler. German people should
be enthusiastic to work with the Nazis.
Source K
HB/Jun16/8045/1
A German painting from the 1930s showing the ideal Nazi family.
11
1
1
7 What was ‘Kristallnacht’?
8 Source J supports Hitler as leader of Germany.
[3 marks]
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
1
9 What can you learn about the lives of women in Nazi Germany from Source K?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
2
0 ‘The Enabling Act was the most important way in which Hitler became dictator after
January 1933.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
If you have answered the questions on Topic 5,
turn to page 14 for Section C.
Turn over
HB/Jun16/8045/1
U
12
Topic 6:
Depression and the New Deal: USA, 1929–1941
Answer questions 2
Source L
1 , 2
2 , 2
3 and 2
4 .
A statement by one of Roosevelt’s advisers during his first hundred days as President.
The rescue of the banks in 1933 was the turning point of the Depression. People
survived the shock of having all the banks closed and saw them open up again with
their money protected. Confidence grew.
Source M
HB/Jun16/8045/1
An American newspaper cartoon from 1933 showing Roosevelt ‘priming the pump’ of
the American economy. ‘Priming a pump’ means getting it started.
13
2
2
1 What were Roosevelt’s fireside chats?
2 Source L supports Roosevelt’s policies.
[3 marks]
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
2
3 What can you learn about the criticisms of Roosevelt’s New Deal from Source M?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
2
4 ‘The promises made by Roosevelt during his election campaign were the main reason
why he was elected President in 1932.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
If you have answered the questions on Topic 6,
turn to page 14 for Section C.
Turn over
HB/Jun16/8045/1
U
14
Section C
Choose one topic from this section.
Topic 7:
Race Relations in the USA, 1945–1968
Answer questions 2
5 , 2
6 , 2
7 and 2
8 .
Source NFrom a statement by a Civil Rights activist.
All working-class people could relate to Malcolm X. They would hear Malcolm X, and
two weeks later they could repeat exactly what he said. They could remember the
way he put it because he put it so well.
Source O
HB/Jun16/8045/1
The Little Rock Nine being escorted into Little Rock Central High School in
September 1957.
15
2
2
5 Who were Tommie Smith and John Carlos?
6 Source N supports Malcolm X.
[3 marks]
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
2
7 What can you learn about events at Little Rock High School in 1957 from Source O?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
2
8 ‘The Black Power movement was the most important reason why Civil Rights
improved in the USA in the 1960s.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
Turn over for the next topic
Turn over
HB/Jun16/8045/1
U
16
Topic 8:
The Vietnam War, 1954–1975
Answer questions 2
Source P
9 , 3
0 , 3
1 and 3
2 .
A statement by a Civil Rights and anti-war activist.
Text removed from web version of this paper due to copyright permission restrictions.
Source R
HB/Jun16/8045/1
A photograph taken in 1967 showing an American soldier using a knife to probe the
floor of a Vietcong tunnel in South Vietnam.
17
2
3
9 What was the Ho Chi Minh Trail?
0 Source P opposes American involvement in Vietnam.
[3 marks]
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
3
1 What can you learn about the tactics used by the Vietcong from Source R?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
3
2 ‘Media coverage was the main reason why the USA failed to win the Vietnam War.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
Turn over for the next topic
Turn over
HB/Jun16/8045/1
U
18
Topic 9:
The Middle East, 1956–1979
Answer questions 3
Source S
3 , 3
4 , 3
5 and 3
6 .
The American President, Eisenhower, commenting on the military action planned by
Britain and France during the Suez Crisis of 1956.
The United States do not accept that using force is a wise and proper way to settle
international disputes. I have sent an urgent personal message to the leaders of
Britain and France saying that I earnestly hope that the United Nations will be given
the chance to settle the crisis by peaceful methods.
Source T
HB/Jun16/8045/1
A photograph showing an armed police officer, dressed as an athlete, attempting to
rescue hostages in the Munich Olympic village on 5 September 1972.
19
3
3
3 What happened at Dawson’s Field in September 1970?
4 Source S opposes Britain’s reaction to the Suez Crisis.
[3 marks]
How do you know?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[5 marks]
3
5 What can you learn about events at the Munich Olympics in 1972 from Source T?
Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7 marks]
3
6 ‘The Arab nations gained nothing from the Yom Kippur War.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10 marks]
END OF QUESTIONS
HB/Jun16/8045/1
20
There are no questions printed on this page
Copyright information
For confidentiality purposes, from the November 2015 examination series, acknowledgements of third party copyright material will be published in a separate
booklet rather than including them on the examination paper or support materials. This booklet is published after each examination series and is available for
free download from www.aqa.org.uk after the live examination series.
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and
AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House,
Guildford, GU2 7XJ.
Copyright © 2016 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
HB/Jun16/8045/1