th
11 US Beckwith/Bonesteel
Guided Notes Ch. 10 pt II
The Union in Peril
Dred Scott v. Sanford

A slave whose owner took him from _________________ (slave state) to __________________ &
_________________ (free states) then back to Missouri. He sued his owner for freedom

The Supreme Court faced two issues:
1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________

Roger B. Taney, ________________________________ (occupation), although having freed slaves of his own &
paying to free others, agreed Scott lacked legal standing in court as he wasn’t a citizen & since African Americans
were “a subordinate & inferior class of beings [they had] no rights which the white man was bound to respect.”

Court also ruled being in a free territory did not make a slave free. Ruling otherwise would contradict the he 5th
Amendment, which protected __________________ & slaves were just that.
The Lecompton Constitution

Proslavery govt. in Lecompton, Kansas developed a constitution & applied for admission into the Union. Freesoilers rejected it because it protected rights of slaveholders already in the state.

Pres. Buchanan endorsed it feeling like he owed his southern supporters.

Stephen Douglass supported by Republicans & N. Democrats, persuaded Congress to authorize a referendum;
the constitution was __________________________.
Lincoln-Douglass Debates

Over the Illinois Senate seat 1858; Lincoln was a self-educated Republican, “________________________,”
(nicknamed) tall, gangly & plain. Direct & simple speaking style.

Douglas, the Democrat was short, energetic “_______________________” (nicknamed) wealthy & exuded
self-confidence.

“I am not, not ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social & political equality of the White
& Black races.” [however slavery is a moral, social & political wrong that should not be allowed to spread] –
______________________________.

Lincoln posed a critical question; the question of the genuine possibility of popular sovereignty to which it was
deduced it is an empty phrase. Douglas’ response became known as The ________________________________
“Slavery can not exist a day or an hr anywhere unless it is supported by local police regulations.”

Although Douglas won, there was a wider split between N & S wings of the Democratic party

Lincolns attacks on the “vast moral evil of slavery” drew national attention & even republicans noticed him as a
potential Presidential candidate
Harpers Ferry Raid

1859, John Brown reemerges, after studying slave uprisings, with financial backing and 18 men to break into a
federal arsenal & begin a general slave uprising.

Troops kill _________ of his men, led by Robert E. Lee, stormed their hideout, captured Brown & killed 2 more.

Brown was hanged for treason; conflicts between slave holders & antislavery supporters happen in the skeptical
South. Northerners admire his attempts although not well thought out.
The Election of 1860

At the Republican Convention Lincoln was nominated over ________________ although he had everything
needed for success; possibly because Lincoln was less known & partially because he appeared more moderate in
views.

Lincoln pledged to “put a halt to the further spread of slavery” & reassured the south that a
____________________ administration. Would not “directly or indirectly interfere with their slaves or about
slavery”

This fell on deaf ears and Lincoln was seen as a “__________________________________” the election would
be called “the greatest evil that has ever befallen this country”
Election Results:
Political Party
Candidate
Electoral Votes
Popular Votes
Republican
Abraham Lincoln
180
1,865,593
S. Democratic
___________________________
72
848,356
Constitutional Union
John Bell
39
592, 906
N. Democratic
Stephen Douglas
12
1, 382, 713
Southern Secession

Fearing the anti-slavery voice in the government & an upheaval of their way of life, Southerners decided it was
time to look into total independence. South Carolina seceded (Jan. 1861), followed by Mississippi, Florida (the
next day), then Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana & Texas (within the following weeks).

Delegates from the secessionist states met to form the Confederate States of America; Jefferson Davis –
former Senator of Mississippi as __________________. “The time for compromise has now passed” they sang
“Farewell to the Star-Spangled Banner” followed by “Dixie.”