Chemistry: Review and Naming Acids
Mrs. Driving Hawk
Monday, April 2nd, 2012
Review
• Arrhenius Acid
• A substance that contains H and when dissolved in water produces
______________ ions, also called protons
Arrhenius
Base
•
• A substance that contains OH and when dissolved in water produces
______________ ions
• Brønsted-Lowry Acid
• A substance that ______________ a proton (H+) in a reaction
Brønsted-Lowry
Base
•
• A substance that ______________ a proton (H+) in a reaction
Example:
•
HX(aq) + H 2O(l)
Acid
Base
 H 3O + (aq) + X − (aq)
C.A.
C.B.
• Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
• A conjugate acid is the species produced when a ______________ (on the
reactant side) accepts a hydrogen ion (proton, H+) from an acid.
• H2O (______________) → H3O+ (conjugate acid)
• Water is the base that accepts a proton to form H3O+
• A conjugate base is the species produced when an ______________ (on the
reactant side) donates a hydrogen ion (proton, H+).
• HX (______________)→X- (conjugate base)
• HX is the acid that donates a proton to form XLabel the following diagram with the conjugate acid-base pairs, and the transfer/
acceptance of the hydrogen ion
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Practice
Identify and label the conjugate acid-base pairs in the following reactions:
+
1.) NH 4 (aq) + OH
2.) HBr(aq) +
2−
3.) CO3
_
 NH 3 (aq) + H 2O(l)
H 2O(l)  H 3O + (aq) + Br − (aq)
(aq) + H 2O(l)  HCO3− (aq) + OH − (aq)
−
4.) HSO4 (aq) +
H 2O(l)  H 3O + (aq) + SO42 − (aq)
Naming Acids
• There are two types of acids to name
• ______________ acids
• ______________
Binary:
•
• Contains ______________ and one other element
• i.e. H and F = HF
• Oxyacids:
• Contain an ______________ (a ______________ ion that contains oxygen)
Naming Binary Acids
• Use the prefix ______________- for the hydrogen in front of the compound for the
first part of the name
• The second part of the name consists of a form of the ______________ of the
second element plus the suffix -______________ and then the word
______________.
• Example:
• HCl: ______________ acid
• H: ______________ (prefix)
• Cl: ______________-ic (root + -ic suffix) acid
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• Practice:
• Name these binary acids:
• 1.) HBr: ________________________ ______________
• 2.) HI: ________________________ ______________
• 3.) HF: ________________________ ______________
• 4.) H2S: ________________________ ______________
• A few acids that contain more than two elements are named according to the rules
for naming binary acids
• If no oxygen is present in the formula for the acidic compound, the acid is named in
the same way as a binary acid, except that the root of the second part of the name
is the root of the polyatomic ion that the acid contains.
• i.e. HCN
• H: Hydro
• CN: ______________ ______________
Naming Oxyacids
• These are examples of a polyatomic ions that contain oxygen:
• SO42- (______________ ion)
• ClO3- (______________ ion)
• ClO2- (______________ ion)
• You must identify the anion present first before you can name the oxyacid
• The name of an oxyacid contains the ______________ of the anion, a suffix and
the word acid
• If the anion ends with the suffix -______________, then it is replaced with the
suffix -______________
• If the anion ends with the suffix -______________, then it is replaced with the
suffix -______________
Example:
•
• Acid: ______________
• Oxyanion: ______________ (NO3-), ends in -ate
• replace -ate with -ic
Acid
Name: ______________ acid
•
• Example:
• Acid: ______________
• Oxyanion: ______________ (NO2-), ends in -ite
• replace -ite with -ous
• Acid Name: ______________ acid
• Practice
• Name these oxyacids:
• 1.) HClO3: ________________________ ______________
• 2.) HClO2: ________________________ ______________
• 3.) H2SO4: ________________________ ______________
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