Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zoology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
AR-3837
Section-‘A’
(Multiple Choice Questions)
(1) Levels of biodiversity include all but one:
(a) Genetics
(c) Population
(b) Species
(d) Ecosystem
(2) The type of diversity including all the different kinds of living things found in a certain
habitat is called as:
(a) Species diversity
(b) Genetic diversity
(c) Ecosystem diversity
(d) Population diversity
(3) A taxon with restricted geographical distribution is termed as?
(a) Rare
(b) Vulnerable
(d) Endemic
(c) Extinct
(4) Conservation of biodiversity outside the natural habitat is called as:
(a) Ex-situ
(b) In-situ
(c) Conservation
(d) In-vivo
(5) Which of the following does not come under the threatened categories?
(a) Endangered
(c) Least concern
(b) Vulnerable
(d) Rare
(6) Biosphere reserve has following zone except one:
(a) Core zone
(b) Command zone
(c) Buffer zone
(d) Spherical zone
(7) In which of the following boundaries are not circumscribed:
(a) Biosphere reserve (b) Sanctuary
(c) National parks
(d) Colony parks
(8) The knowledge of which of the following factor does not help in the wildlife
management:
(a) Habitat of wildlife
(b) Behaviour of wildlife
(c) Food habit of wildlife
(d) Name of wildlife
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zoology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
(9) In ________ type of wildlife management the wildlife is protected from hunting mainly
during breeding season and is enforced by law and if violated is punishable and termed as
illegal:
(a) Closed season
(b) Open wildlife season
(c) Custodial management
(d) Limited entry zone
(10) The tigers are found in which of the following biosphere reserve:
(a) Thar desert biosphere reserve
(b) Neelgiri biosphere reserve
(c) Namdhapa biosphere reserve
(d) Sunderbans biosphere reserve
Section ‘B’ Long answer type question
(Attempt any four questions)
2. Explain the impact of biodiversity on stability of ecosystem. With the help of a
conceptual diagram show how increasing diversity can stabilize ecosystem
functioning?
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
3. Write about the IUCN Red list categories in detail.
The IUCN Red list categories
Extinct
Extinct in wild
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Lower risk
Rare
Threatened
Out of Danger
Indeterminate
Near threatened
Least concerned
Data deficient
Not evaluated
Endemic
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
4. Describe the (a) Overexploitation of biodiver
biodiversity,
sity, (b) Poaching of wildlife
(a) Overexploitation of biodiversity
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
(b) Poaching of wildlife
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
5. What are the characteristics of the biosphere reserves? Describe any two
biosphere reserves of India.
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
Characteristics of the biosphere reserves
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
6. What is biodiversity conservation? Write about the Ex-situ
Ex situ conservation.
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
7. Write about the wildlife management? Describe the types of wildlife
management?
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zo
oology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zoology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
8. What do you mean by biodiversity index? With suitable example describe the
Simpson’s Index.
Biodiversity index
A diversity index is a mathematical measure of species diversity in a community. Diversity
indices provide more information about community composition than simply species richness
(i.e., the number of species present); they also take the relative abundances of different
species into account.
Consider two communities of 100 individuals each and composed of 10 different
species. One community has 10 individuals of each species; the other has one individual of
each of nine species, and 91 individuals of the tenth species. Which community is more
diverse? Clearly the first one is, but both communities have the same species richness. By
taking relative abundances into account, a diversity index depends not only on species
richness but also on the evenness, or equitability, with which individuals are distributed
among the different species.
Significance of diversity index: Diversity indices provide important information about rarity
and commonness of species in a community. The ability to quantify diversity in this way is
an important tool for biologists trying to understand community structure.
Simpson’s Diversity Index (D)
Simpson's diversity index (D) is a simple mathematical measure that characterizes species
diversity in a community. The proportion of species i relative to the total number of species
(pi) is calculated and squared. The squared proportions for all the species are summed, and
the reciprocal is taken:
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zoology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
For a given richness (S), D increases as equitability increases, and for a given
equitability D increases as richness increases. Equitability (ED) can be calculated by taking
Simpson's index (D) and expressing it as a proportion of the maximum value D could assume
if individuals in the community were completely evenly distributed (Dmax, which equals S-as in a case where there was one individual per species). Equitability takes a value between 0
and 1, with 1 being complete evenness.
Example:
Siemann et al. (1997) collected the data on oak savanna arthropod communities to investigate
the effects of prescribed burning on arthropods. The abundance data represent the number of
individuals per family (rather than per species) collected in sweep-net sampling during a two
year period (1992-1993).
Although we do not have species data, we can calculate family diversity and equitability
using these data. The proportions (pi values) have been calculated by dividing the number of
individuals in a given family by the total number of individuals collected in a year (8,561 in
1992 and 1,379 in 1993). To calculate Simpson's D, we square each proportion (pi), sum
these squared values, and take the reciprocal (divide one by the sum).
For example, for the 1992 data, Simpson's D is calculated (1 / [0.0132 + 0.0082 + 0.0002 +
0.0152 + ... + 0.0072]) = 8.732. We could then calculate the equitability (ED) quite easily
using the second equation above (ED = D / Dmax, with Dmax = S). Here, we will use the
number of families in place of S, so that E = 8.732 / 31 = 0.2817.
Interpretation: What we have calculated is an index of family diversity and evenness, rather
than the standard index of species diversity and evenness. Based on the value of 0.2817
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Model Answer: B.Sc. VI-Sem Zoology Examination, Biodiversity & Conservation
2013
calculated for ED, we could describe the equitability, or evenness of individuals' distributions
among families, in this community as relatively low (recall that ED assumes a value between
0 and 1, and 1 is complete equitability).
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