2.2 Mixtures >
Chapter 2
Matter and Change
2.1 Properties of Matter
2.2 Mixtures
2.3 Elements and Compounds
2.4 Chemical Reactions
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2.2 Mixtures > Classifying Mixtures
Describing Matter
How can mixtures be classified?
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
–  A mixture is a physical blend of two or more
components. The composition can vary.
Most samples of matter are mixtures.
•  Some mixtures are easier to recognize
than others.
•  Components in soup
•  Humidity in the air
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
Based on the distribution of their
components, mixtures can be classified as
Heterogeneous or Homogeneous.
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
Heterogeneous Mixtures
The ingredients are not evenly distributed
throughout the mixture.
•  There is likely to be different amounts of
chicken and noodles in each spoonful of
soup.
•  Composition is not uniform throughout
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
Homogeneous Mixtures
The substances in the
olive oil are evenly
distributed throughout
the mixture.
•  So, olive oil doesn’t
look like a mixture.
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
Homogeneous Mixtures
The same is true for
vinegar.
•  Vinegar is a mixture of
water and acetic acid.
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
Homogeneous Mixtures
Olive oil and vinegar
are homogeneous
mixtures.
•  A homogeneous
mixture is a mixture in
which the composition
is uniform throughout.
•  Also called solutions.
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
Homogeneous Mixtures
Not all homogeneous mixtures (solutions)
contain liquids:
•  Air
•  Stainless steel
•  Bronze
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
Homogeneous Mixtures
The term phase is used to describe any
part of a sample with uniform composition
and properties.
•  Homogeneous mixtures consists of one single phase.
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2.2 Mixtures > Describing Matter
A heterogeneous
mixture consists of two
or more phases.
•  When oil and vinegar
are mixed, they form a
heterogeneous mixture
with two layers, or
phases.
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2.2 Mixtures >
Think of two examples of:
•  Heterogeneous mixtures
•  Homogeneous mixtures
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2.2 Mixtures > Separating Mixtures
Separating Mixtures
How can mixtures be separated?
•  By using physical properties of
the components
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2.2 Mixtures > Separating Mixtures
What properties would you use to
separate the following mixtures:
•  Oil and vinegar
•  Salad
•  Sand and water
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2.2 Mixtures > Separating Mixtures
Filtration
Separating a solid from a liquid in a
heterogeneous mixture
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2.2 Mixtures > Separating Mixtures
Distillation
Separation of a mixture of liquids with
different boiling points.
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2.2 Mixtures > Separating Mixtures
Distillation
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2.2 Mixtures >
Sample Problem 2.1
Separating a Heterogeneous Mixture
How could a mixture of
aluminum nails and iron
nails be separated?
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2.2 Mixtures >
Which physical property does
filtration rely on to separate
mixtures? Which does distillation
rely on?
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2.2 Mixtures >
Which physical property does
filtration rely on to separate
mixtures? Which does distillation
rely on?
Filtration relies on the size
Distillation relies on the boiling point
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